rmwdum

yXrykdif;

w&m;yv’ifcH
okwf\ed'gef;
a[mawmfrlwJh ckESpf-v-&uf
bk&m;rdefYcGef;awmf tewåvu©Pokwf (tpykdif;)
½kyf[m twåaumifr[kwf
twåxifp&m ½kyf
twåaumifr[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jypum;
½kyfuESdyfpufaeykH
tmAm"m,-yk'fteuf pdppfcsuf
½kyf[m tvkdtwkdif;rjzpf
twår[kwfykHukd wnfhwnfhtaMumif;jycsuf
ZD0twåESifh y&rtwå
AujA[®mBuD;tm; csD;ajr§mufajymqkdykH
zefqif;0g'\tp
twåpGJvrf;ykH
twåpGJykHukd rodvQif tewåodykHvJ raocsm
twåpGJ av;rsKd;
aomwmyefrSm twå'd|dpGJr½SdayrJh rmepGJu ½Sdao;w,f
0dyóem½IpOf tewåmEkyóem jzpfykH
tusOf;csKyf jrefrmjyefaqmifyk'frsm;
twåpGJaqmifyk'frsm;
 'kwd,ykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
cHpm;wJha0'em[m twåaumifr[kwf
tbd"r®mESifh okwåef ESD;aESmcsuf
a0'emukd twåpGJykH
a0'emukd twår[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jypum;
twår[kwfykHukd wnfhwnfhtaMumif;jycsuf
a0'emu ESdyfpufaeykH
a0'emtvkdtwkdif; rjzpf
bmomjyeftusOf;csKyf
t½Sifom&dykwå&m w&m;½SmykHESifh w&m;&ykH
'DCecokwf (r-2? 165)
a0'em½Ií NiD;aiGUonf
NiD;aiGUí r*fzkdvfÓPfjzpfonf
trSefajymol jiif;ckH&m ra&muf
t½Sifom&dykwå&m &[EÅm jzpfykH
om0uoEédygw usif;yonf
 wwd,ykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
rSwfom;wJh onm[m twåaumif r[kwf
onmukd twår[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jy pum;
twå r[kwfykHukd wnfhwnfh taMumif; jycsuf
jyKvkyfwwfwJh ocFg&awG[m twåaumifr[kwf
bk&m;a[meJY qefYusifbuf
'Dt&mrSm vkd&if; ocFg&
ocFg&wkdYukd twå r[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jy pum;
ocFg&u ESdyfpufaeykH
ocFg&[m tvkdtwkdif; rjzpf
twår[kwfykHukd wnfhwnfh taMumif;jycsuf
tyfawG tpl;0ifcHae&wJh Nydwåm0w¬K
jrefrmjyef tusOf;csKyf
½IrSwfae,if; tewå xifykH
 pwkw¬ykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
pdwf0dnmPf twåaumif r[kwf
0dnmPfukd twår[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jypum;
twår[kwfykH wnfhwnfh taMumif;jycsuf
pdwf0dnmPfu ESdyfpufaeykH
pdwf0dnmPfu tvkdtwkdif; rjzpf
taMumif;½SdrS tusKd; jzpfw,f
omwd&[ef;0w¬K
w&m;rSef tusOf;csKyf
olU taMumif;aMumifh olU 0dnmPf jzpfonf
avmifpmuGJwkdif; rD;topf uGJovkdyif
twåpGJ aqmifyk'frsm;
jrefrmjyef tusOf;csKyf
azPyd@L yrokwf (oH 'k? 114)
½kyfu a&jr§KyfeJY wlonf
½kyf ukd,fuvJ tESpfom& r½Sd
a&yGufyrm a0'em
wHvSyfyrm rSwfonm
iSufaysmwkH;wlpG ocFg&
0dnmPfpdwfod rsufvSnfhwlonf
pdwftpOf 0Dxd jzpfykH
jrifodpdwfu rsufvSnfhjyovkd odapykH
csufjcif; ½IrSwfEkdifvQif jrif½kHrQponfüom wnfw,f
 yOörykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
tewåvu©Pm
tewåvu©Pm todcufykH
tedpöjzifhf tewåukd jyawmfrlykH
'ku©jzifh tewåukd jyawmfrlykH
tedpö 'ku© 2-yg;vkH;jzifh tewåukd jyawmfrlykH
opöu y&dAkdZfu jiif;ykH
cE¨mig;yg;rS tvGwfvkdYqkdwJh twå0g'ukdvJ y,fNyD;yif
vu©PmokH;yg;vkH; jyqkdcsuf (okwf\ 'kwd,ykdif;)
tedpörnfykH
tedpövu©Pm
tedpömEkyóemÓPf
'ku© 2-rsKd;
'ku©vu©Pm
'ku©mEkyóemÓPf
igh[mvkdYxifwm wPSmpGJ
igbJvkdYxifwm rmepGJ
ightwåvkdY xifwm 'd|dpGJ
NrJrNrJ ponftar;tajz jrefrmjyef
 q|rykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
a0'em rNrJykHponf jyqkdcsuf
a0'emokH;yg; trSeftwkdif;jrifykH
onmrNrJykH ponfukdjyqkdcsuf
jyKvkyfrIocFg&wkdY rNrJykHponfukd jyqkdcsuf
pdwf0dnmPf rNrJykHponfukd jyqkdcsuf
tpGJokH;yg;uif;atmif ½IykHrsm; (okwf\ wwd,ykdif;)
(1) ½kyfukd ½IykH
jrefrmjyeftwkdcsKyf
om0uwkdY ½IoifhwJhw&m;
jzpfqJukdom pí½ItyfaMumif;
aewH rr-ESifh tedpö½IykHponf ESD;aESmjycsuf
aomwmyefwkdYtm; tewå½I&ef nTefMum;jcif;taMumif;
twdwfponf (11)yg; tjym;jzifh½IykH
twGif;tjyiftm;jzifh ½IykH
tMurf;tEktm;jzifh ½IykH
t,kwf tjrwftm;jzifh½IykH
ta0; teD;tm;jzifh½IykH
 owårykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
(2) a0'emukd (11)yg;tjym;jzifh a0befí ½IykH
jrefrmjyeftwkdcsKyf
a0'emukd umvokH;yg;jzifh ½IykH
twGif;tjyiftm;jzifh ½IykH
tMurf;tEktm;jzifh ½IykH
t,kwftjrwftm;jzifh ½IykH
ta0;teD;tm;jzifh ½IykH
(3) onmukd (11)yg; tjym;jzifh a0befí ½IykH
jrefrmjyeftwkdcsKyf
(4) ocFg&u©E¨mukd (11)yg; tjym;jzifh a0befí ½IykH
jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf
ocFg&wkdYukd umv okH;yg;jzifh ½IykH
twGif;tjyif ponfjzifh ½IykH
t,kwftjrwf ponfjzifh ½IykH
(5) pdwf0dnmPfukd (11)yg; tjym;jzifh a0befí½IykH
jrefrmjyeftwkdcsKyf
b0tqufquf pdwfjzpfykH
ur®0#f 0dygu0#ft& od,if y#dpöorkyÜg'f odonf
pdwfukd umv okH;yg;jzifh ½IykH
twGif;tjyiftm;jzifh ½IykH
pdwftMurf;tEkukd ½IjrifykH
pdwåmEkyóemt& odjrifykH
tMurf;tEkponfjzifh½IykH
 t|rykdif;

w&m;tEkoaE¨
0dyóemÓPfpOf wufoGm;ykH (okwf\ tqkH;ykdif;)
tedpöjrifvQif edAÁdE´ÓPf jzpfonf
'ku©jrifvQif edAÁdE´ÓPf jzpfonf
tewåjrifvQif edAÁdE´ÓPf jzpfonf
jrefrmjyef tusOf;csKyf
edAÁdE´ ÓPf\o½kyf
edAÁmefvkdcsifrI tppfESifhtwk
edAÁmefcsrf;omykH
edAÁmef arQmfMunfhwJh ÓPf
ocFg½kayu©mrSm *kPf 6-yg;½Sdw,f
(1) aMumufjcif; ESpfoufjcif;uif;w,f
(2) csrf;omESifh qif;&J tnDtrQ½IEkdifw,f
(3) ½IrSwf&vG,fw,f
(4) Mum½SnfpGm wnfw,f
(5) Mumav omí odrfarGUw,f
(6) tm½kHwjcm; jyefYroGm;bl;
0k|me*grdeD 0dyóem jzpfykH
edAÁmefrsufarSmufjyKykH rdvdE´yOSm
NiD;aiGUÓPfjzpfNyD; t&d,r*fzkdvfÓPfjzpfykH
&[EÅmrSm ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzpfykH
ed*kH;csKyf bk&m;pum;awmf
ed*kH;csKyf pum;awmf\ jrefrmjyef
oH*g,emwif rSwfwrf;
&[EÅmt½Sifjrwf 6-yg;ukd ½Sdckd;ylaZmfjcif;
ed*kH;csKyfw&m;odrf; yw¬em
tewåvu©Pokwf ygVdawmf tjynfhtpkH
jrefrmjyefoufouf twkdcsKyf aqmifyk'f

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBuD; rmwdum NyD;\/

vufOD;½IbG,f 1

vufO;D ½Ib,
G f
tpGJoefMuonf

pGv
J rf;wwfaom avmbponfh udavomwkYd onf ykxZk Ofy*k Kd¾ vfowå0gwkid ;f rSm xlajymvsuf½adS eMuonf?
xlajymvsuf½adS om xku d ad vomwkYd onf ½lyg½kHponfh tm½kH 6-yg;üvJ pGv J rf;\? toufaumif igaumif[í l vJ
pGv
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f idk vf J cGgypfEidk pf rG ;f
r½S?d omrefprG ;f tifjzifh olwyg;wkYd uvJ cGgay;jcif;iSg rpGr;f Ekid Mf uay/

yapöu Ak't ¨ ½Sijf rwfwYdk onf olwYdk \ vkaH vmufaom êud;pm;tm;xkwrf jI zifh olwYdk twåpu JG dk olwYdk u, dk w
f idk f
cGgypfawmfrEl idk cf MhJ uayonf? okYd aomf olwyg;wkYd \ twåpu JG dk cGgay;&efuu
dk m; xkt
d ½Sijf rwfwYdk ü vkaH vmufaom
tiftm;r½Sad omaMumifh cGgay;Ekid pf rG ;f ½Sad wmfrrlMuacs? olwyg;wkYd ü pGaJ eaom twåpu JG dk cGgypfEidk b
f Ydk qo
dk nfrmS
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jzpfayonf? xkyd apöuAk'¨ t½Siw f Ydk rmS xkod Ydk aom ÓPftiftm; aumif;vSonfr[kwaf y? xkYd aMumifyh if wqlx;D
wnf; yGiahf y:awmfrMl uNyD;vQif aemufvu dk f aemufyg wynfh om0u wyg;wavukrd S tygac:aqmifomG ;awmf
rlEidk Mf ujcif; r½S?d wqlx;D wnf; y&deAd mÁ ef 0ifpaH wmfrMl u&ayonf/

opömav;yg;ukdodygrS twåpGJjyKwfrnf

or®morÁK'¨ bk&m;½Siw f Ydk rmS rl yapöu Ak'b ¨ &k m;½Siw f Ydk xuf ÓPftiftm; aumif;awmfrMl uonf? xko d r®m
orÁK'¨ bk&m;½Siw f Ydk rmS uk,
d af wmfwidk v f J opömav;yg;w&m;ukd xk;d xGi;f odawmfrMl uonf? olwyg;wkYd tm;vJ opöm
av;yg;w&m;ukd odatmif oGeo f ifjyo qk;H rawmfrEl idk cf MhJ uonf? xkYd aMumifh or®morÁK'¨ oAÁñk bk&m;tjzpfoYdk
a&mufawmfrv l Qif yOö0*¾D ig;OD;ESiw hf uG ewfjA[®mwkYd tm; opömav;yg; w&m;ukd a½S;OD;pGm a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ yonf?
opömav;yg;w&m;ukd a[mMum;xm;aom xko d wk af wmfonf "r®puúy0Ü wåeokwf ("r®pMum) [laomtrnfjzifh
xif½Sm;vsuf ½Sdavonf/ xkdokwfawmfukd bk&m;tjzpfokdYa&mufawmfrlonfrS 2-vajrmuf 0gqkv d jynfh paeaeYwiG f
w&m;OD;tjzpf a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ yonf? xkw d &m;yGw J iG f yOö0*¾iD g;OD;xJrS t½Siaf um@nonf yXrOD;pGm t&d,
aomwmyeftjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfrcl o hJ nf? t&d,maomwmyef tjzpfoYdk a&mufí 0dpu d pd mä ESihf ouúm,'d|d twåpJG
ûywfomG ;NyDjzpfaom t½Siaf um@nrSm ]]igvky, f if jzpfonfç igajym,if jzpfonfç igBuH,ifjzpfonf}}[laom
to®rd mepGuJ m; usef½adS eayao;onf/ 0yÜpolwYdk rmS rl wpkw H ckaom w&m;xl;ukrd Q r&½SMd uao;/

a[r0wokwfawmf

ae0ifvq k q
J rJ pS í a[mMum;awmfral om "r®pMum w&m;awmfrmS 0gqkv d jynfh paeaeYn yXr,mrfwiG f
tNyD;tqk;H okYd a&mufavonf? rZÑdr,mrfoYdk .... ta&mufwiG f omwm*d&ed wfEiS hf a[r0wewfwYdk onf tNcHt&H
ewfbv D ;l wpfaxmifEiS t
fh wl bk&m;½Six
f aH wmfoYdk csOf;uyfNyD;vQif ykpmä 10-csufudk ar;avQmuf&mwGif bk&m;½Sio f nf
"r®pMuma'oemawmf\tMum;ü a[r0wokwaf wmfudk a[mMum;awmfr&l ao;onf? þw&m;yGw J iG f xked wfBuD; 2-
OD;wkYd vJ twåpûJG ywfNyD; aomwmyeftjzpfoYdk a&mufomG ;Muojzifh oHo&m½Snv f sm;pGmu pGvJ rf;vmcJMh uaom olwYdk\
twåpv JG J þwGif ûywfomG ;cJMh uonf/ xkYd aemuf "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk tus,fa0befí bk&m;½Siu f qufvuf
a[mMum;awmfral yonf/
vufOD;½IbG,f 2

olwkdYvJ w&m;xl;&Muonf

t½Siaf um@nwGif to®rd mepGJ usef½adS eao;onfjh yif t½Si0f yÜpolwYdk rmS vJ rnfonfw h &m;xl;rS r&½SMd u
ao;ojzifh "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk qufvufa[mMum;awmfr&l if; bk&m;½Sio f nf ¤if;wkYd tm;vk;H ukd 0dyóemw&m;
½Irw
S yf gG ;rsm; tm;xkwaf pawmfr\
l ? þokYd tm;xkwaf pawmfr&l mü 0gqkv d qkwwf &ufaeYwiG f t½Si0f yÜonf¤if;? 2-
&ufaeYwiG f t½Sif b'd́,onf¤if;? 3-&ufaeYwiG f t½Sirf [memrfonf¤if;? 4-&ufaeYwGif t½SiftóZdonf¤if;
opöm av;yg;ukd xk;d xGi;f odomG ;ojzifh aomwmyeft&d,m tjzpfoYdk a&muf½o dS mG ;NyD;vQif olwYdk \ twåprJG sm;
ûywfomG ;Muavawmhonf/

0gqkdvqkwf 5-&ufaeY

aomwmyef t&d,mtjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfrMl uNyD;aom yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wkYd udk waygif;wnf; pnf;a0;apNyD;vQif

bk&m;½Sio
f nf ¤if;wkYd tm; tewåvu©Pokwaf wmfudk a[mMum;awmfral yonf? xkad eYrmS 0gqkv d qkwf 5-&uf
Mumoyaw;aeYjzpf\? xkt d ewåvu©Pokwaf wmfudk emMum;Mu&aom yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wkYd onf udavomukecf ef;
&[EÅm tjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfrMl uuke&f um; to®rd mepGyJ grusef olwYdk tm;vk;H twåpûJG ywfomG ;Mujyefonf/
tewåvu©Pokwaf wmf qko d nft
h wkid ;f igaumif toufaumif½o
dS nf[al om twåp0JG g'orm;wkYd pGv
J rf;aeMuaom
twå[o l nf vGrJ mS ;aom t,l0g'jzpfaMumif; xif½mS ;ap&ef obm0usus taMumif;jyvsuf a0befa[mMum;awmf
rlxm;ayonf/

½IrSwfenf; ryg

tewåvu©Pokwf a'oemawmfrmS ½Snv f sm;onfr[kw?f yrmPtm;jzifh q|rlpmtkyw f Gif pm½Gufwpf½Guf

pmrQom ½Snv f sm;onf? xko d w k af wmfwiG f r[mowdy|mef a'oemawmfuo hJ Ydk ½Irw
S t
f m;xkw&f ef ½Irw S ef nf;rygay?
"r®obm0uko d m a[mMum;xm;ayonf? 0dyóem½Irw S ef nf;ukd enf;vrf;wus r½Irw S zf ;l olwYdk qydk gvQif xkd
okwaf wmfü a[mMum;xm;aomtwåpûJG ywfí tewåxifatmif 'd|uk, d wf idk f jrifonftxd ½Iwwf&ef cJ,Of;vSay
onf? xkpd Ofu "r®a'ouyk*Kd¾ vfuvJ bk&m;½Siu f ,dk af wmfwidk f jzpfNyD;vQif "r®o0eyk*Kd¾ vfwYdk uvJ yOö0*¾iD g;OD; yk*Kd¾ vf
xl;wkYd om jzpfaomaMumifo h m tewåtjzpfudk 'd|xifxif odjrifawmfrEl idk pf rG ;f ½SMd uayonf? "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk
a[mawmfrpl Ofuyif yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wkYd rmS tom;usus ½Irw S w f wfMuNyD;om; yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;jzpfí¤if;? olwYdk u, dk w
f idk u
f
aomwmyef yk*Kd¾ vftjzpf &ifu h sufNyD;jzpfí¤if; þrQjzifh vsifvsifjrefjref &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vftjzpfxad tmif tqifq h ifh
wufa&mufawmfro l mG ;Mujcif;jzpfayonf/

r½IrSwfyJ w&m;xl;r&

bk&m;½Siv f ufxufawmfu yg&rD&ifo h ef xufjrufvaS om yk*Kd¾ vfwYdk onf yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wkYd vydk if bk&m;½Sif
a[maom w&m;ukd emMum;pOfrmS r*fzv dk &f ½Sod mG ;Muonf? okYd aomf 0dyóem bm0em½Irw S rf I rûyyJ &Muonfawmh
r[kwyf gay? vsifjrefpmG ½Irw S Ef idk rf w
I Ydk aMumifo h m wrif½rI w S o f nf[rk xif&yJ w&m;xl;&½So d mG ;jcif; jzpfavonf?
yk*Kd¾ vftenf;i,fom þvkd vsifvsifjrefjref &Ekid ½f rI w S Ef idk af om yg&rDÓPf½MdS uayonf? yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;pGmwkYd rmS um;
þvkd vsifvsifjrefjref &Ekid ½f rI w S Ef idk o f nfcsnf; r[kwyf gay? þonfudk odygvsufvJ wcsKdUtm;xkw&f ef
ysif;,daom vlysif;wkYd ]]a[molu a[mí emolu tewåoabmukd odvQif tm;xkwaf e&efrvk?d w&m;em½kjH zifh
wr*f wzkv d &f Ekid o
f nf}} qkw d m olwYdk a&mufvadk om t&d,mtqifh owfrw S Nf yD; t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawG ûyvkyv f u
dk Mf u
awmhonf? vlysi;f vlayghêuduw f &m;a'oemrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh olwYdk w&m;ukd êuduí f w&m;em½kjH zifh t&d,m
jzpfaeolawGvJ enf;yg;vSonfawmh r[kwaf y? 0dyóem ½Irw S t
f m;xkwrf I r½Syd J w&m;em½kjH zifh odaeMuaom xkd
tewåw&m;rsm;rSm uk, d w f idk x f ;dk xGi;f íodaom 'd|odr[kwyf J pmod ayod okwodomjzpfonf? Mum;&em&í odaom
xktd odjzifh wr*fwzkv d &f onfqv dk Qif Ak'o ¨ moem0if yk*Kd¾ vfwidk ;f vkv d dk tewåoabmukd okwjzifh odaeMuonf
jzpfaomaMumifh t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawGcsnf; jzpfuek pf &m ½Sad yonf? okYd aomf t&d,m[lí olwYdk [m olwYdk ajymqk0d efcH
Muaom xkt d &d,myk*Kd¾ vfwYdk rmS t&d,mtppfwYdk \ t*Fgvu©PmESifh jynfph o Hk nfudk rawGUrjrifMu&aomaMumifh
t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawGr[kwaf Mumif;rSm xif½mS ;vsuf½adS yonf/ þvkd rrSerf uef tvkyrf sKd;ESiphf yfí aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u þtewå vu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBuD;ukd (ESm - 39/ ES m - 51) wGit f rSeo f Ydk a&mufatmif
nTejf y a[mMum;xm;onfuv dk J awGUMurnfomjzpfonf/
vufOD;½IbG,f 3

½IrSwfenf; tjynfhtpkH

bk&m;a[m þtewåvu©Pokwaf wmfrmS t&d,mtjzpfoYdk a&mufNyD;aom yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wkYd tm; a[mMum;

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f dk
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hf uG wnf½adS ewJh wuk,d v
f ;Hk ½kyaf wGudk touf½iS af ewJh twåaumif
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f aygif; tpkwuk,
d v f ;Hk ukd twåaumif
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tewåvu©Pokwf 11

y&rw¬opöm taetm;jzifah wmh tJ'w

D uk, d v
f ;Hk rSm ½Sad ewJ½h yk [
f m yk*Kd¾ vfowå0g twåaumifr[kwyf gbl;? ½kyo
f abm
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twåaumif toufaumifvYdk xifrw S af eMuayrJh twåaumif r[kwb f ;l ? oabmw&m;rQbJ}}vkYd twdtvif;
a[mMum;awmfryl gw,f/

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d x f u J ½ky[
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d t
hf wåyv
J Ydk xifrw
S f pGv
J rf;aeMuwJo h l trsm;u bmhaMumifh twå r[kwyf g
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G ½f adS eygw,f/ 'gaMumifh twå r[kwaf Mumif;ukv d J 'Dvdk azmfjyNyD; ½Si;f vif;awmfryl gw,f/

twåaumifr[kwf[k od&ef taMumif;jypum;

p [d-twå r[kw[ f k od&jcif;\ taMumif;ukd qufí azmfjy&vQif? bdua© 0-&[ef;wkYd ? £'H ½ly-H þ
½kyfonf twåm-rdr\d twGi;f om; twåaumifonf? tb0dó -tu,fí jzpfjim;tH?h ({0H owd-okYd jzpfvQi?f ) £'H
½lyH-þ ½kyo
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f ESyd pf ufaewmaygh/

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azmufjyefwhJ twGuf ao&wmbJ? 'gaMumifh ½kyu
f aoatmifvJ zefw;D NyD; ESyd pf ufonf rnfygw,f/

tJ'aD wmh ½ky[f m ud, k t

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rESyd pf uf oifah ybl;/

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ESyd pf ufaewJh oabmygbJ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 12

tJ'aD wmh ½ky[

f m uk,
d t
hf wå [kwcf v
hJ Ydk ½,
dS if tJ'v
D dk raeomrcHomatmifvJ rESyd pf ufwefav&mvkYd qifjcif
Munfb
h Ydk ygbJ/

tmAm"m,-yk'f teuf pdppfcsuf

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a0g[m&tm;jzifh ajymqkad vh½w dS t
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teuf½w dS hJ Am""mwfjzifh NyD;aom o'´gt&tm;jzifv h J toif, h w k då r½Sb d ;l / aemufNyD;awmh ½kyrf mS emusifjcif;oabm
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uk,d uhf ,
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d q
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pDrH cefYcí JG vJ &av&m\/

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tewåvu©Pokwf 13

twår[kwfykHukd wnfhwnfhtaMumif;jycsuf

,o®m p acg bdua© 0 ½lyH tewåm? wo®m ½lyH

tmAm"m, oH0wåwd? e p vAÇwd ½lay ]]{0H ar ½lyH a[mwk?
{0H ar ½lyH rm ta[moD}}wd/

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tewåvu©Pokwf 14

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tewåvu©Pokwf 15

jA[®Zmv okwrf mS {upöoów0g' (tcsKdUyk*Kd¾ vf NrJw,fvYdk ,w

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tewåvu©Pokwf 16

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tewåvu©Pokwf 18

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tewåvu©Pokwf 19

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tewåvu©Pokwf 20

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tewåvu©Pokwf 29

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tewåvu©Pokwf 30

'DCecokwf (r-2?165)

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tewåvu©Pokwf 31

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ok;H yg;ukd a0befNyD; a[mMum;awmfryl gw,f/ twkcd sKyfajym&rSmbJ? tJ't D ,l0g' ok;H yg;xJu wyg;yg;ukd ,kMH unf
,lpx JG m;,if tjcm;t,l0g' 2-yg;½So d al wGeYJ jiif;ckzH ,
G f &efjzpfz,
G çf ESyd pf ufz,
G ½f adS ew,f? 'ghaMumifh tJ'Dt,l0g'
ok;H yg;vk;H ukd pGeYf vwT o f ifah Mumif; a[mawmfrw l mygbJ/

'Dae&mrSm ]]Ak'w¨ &m;awmft&tm;jzifh uHtm;avsmfpmG aemufb0rsm;ü jzpf&w,f}}qkw d hJ t,l[mvJ oów

t,lEiS hf rwlaybl;vm;vkYd ar;p&m½Syd gw,f/ tajzuawmh rwlygbl;? bmaMumifv h q J ,
dk if? uHtm;avsmfpmG b0opf
ü jzpf&w,fqw dk hJ Ak'w
¨ &m;awmfu twåaumiftaeeJU ajymif;a½TUoGm;wmukd rqkv d ydk gbl;? rsufarSmufb0u ½kyef mrf
wpkwH ckrQ a½TUajymif;oGm;w,fvYdk rqkvd ydk gbl;? a½S;uHaMumifh b0opfü ½kyf emrf topf jzpfomG ;wmuko d m qkv
d ydk g
w,f? oówt,luawmh ,ckb0rSm ½Sad ewJh twåaumifuyJ aemufb0opfoYdk ajymif;a½TUoGm;w,fvYdk qkyd gw,f?
'gaMumifh rwlb;l vkYd qkyd gw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh ]]&[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vf y&deAd mÁ efpo H mG ;wJt h cg b0opf ½kyf emrf cE¨m rjzpfawmhyJ Nidr;f oGm;w,f}}vkYd
qkw d hJ Ak'w ¨ &m;awmf[m ]]aoNyD;aemuf bmrQr½Sad wmhb;l }}vkYd qkw d hJ Oapä't,lEiS hf rwlaybl;vm;vkYd vJ ar;p&m
½Syd gw,f/ tJ'gvJ rwlygbl;? Oapä't,luawmh ]]raocifrmS twåaumiftaeeJY ½Sad ew,f? aowJt h cgusawmh tJ'D
½Sad ewJh twåaumif[m aysmufomG ;w,f}}vkYd qkv d ydk gw,f? ]]tJ'v D dk twåaumif aysmufomG ;wmuvJ bmrQ
tm;rxkw&f yJ olYtvkv d dk aysmufomG ;w,f}}vkYd ,lqxm;ygw,f? aemufNyD;awmh ½ky0f g'orm; ponfwYdk u olwYdk
t,lrmS twåprJG ½Sb d ;l vkYd xifaeayrJh aoNyD;,if bmrQr½Sad wmhb;l ? raocifom taumif; tqk;d ukd cHpm;&w,fvYdk
t,l½adS ewJt h wGuf raocif cHpm;Ekid w f ,fqw dk hJ tpG[ J m twåpyJG gbJ/ Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfrmS awmh &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vfrmS
y&deAd mÁ efrûyrD a½S;tzkYd üvJ rjywfjzpfysufaewJh ½kyf emrft,OfrQom½Sw d ,f? twåaumif&,fvYdk r½Sb d ;l ? cHpm;w,f
qkw d mvJ topftopf jzpfjzpfaewJh a0'emoabmw&m;rQy?J y&deAd mÁ efpNH yD;wJah emuf ½kyf emrf topf rjzpfvmawmhyJ
jywfpo J mG ;w,f qkw d muvJ olUtvkv d dk jywfpo J mG ;wmr[kwb f ;l ? t&d,r*f\ tpGr;f aMumifh udavomESihf uHqw dk hJ
taMumif;w&m; csKyfuif;oGm;w,f? tJ't D aMumif; csKyfuif;oGm;aomaMumifh ½kyef mrftopf rjzpfvmawmhyJ jywfpJ
oGm;wmbJ/ 'gaMumifh Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfu y&deAd mÁ efpNH yD; csKyfNidr;f yk[ H m Oapä't,lu qkx d m;wJh jywfpyJ EHk iS hf rwlb;l ?
trsm;BuD; uGmjcm;aew,fvYdk rSw&f r,f/

aemufNyD;awmh ]]oówt,l½o dS l ponfu Oapä't,l½o dS pl onfEiS hf jiif;ck&H ovkyd if Ak'j¨ rwfpmG bk&m;\
tewå0g'½So d ul vJ twå0g'½So d El iS hf rjiif;ck&H aybl;vm;}}vkYd vJ ar;p&m½Syd gw,f/ t,lreS o f r®m'd|t
d & ajyma[mwm
ukad wmh jiif;ckw H ,fvYdk rqk&d ygbl;? trSew f &m;ukd trsm;odatmif a[majymcsD;ajr§mufjcif;om jzpfygw,f? ]]topf
ta[mif; ajymif;vJNyD; rjywfjzpfaewJh ½kyef mrft,OfrQom½Sw d ,f? tNrJwrf;wnfaewJh twåaumifr½Sb d ;l }}qkw
d hJ
tewå0g'[m or®m'd|-d t,lrSefw&m;bJ? tJ'D t,lreS w f &m;ukd ajymjywmuawmh jiif;ck&H m ra&mufygbl;? rodao;
wJh olrsm;tm; trSew f &m;ukd od&atmif csD;ajr§muf&mom a&mufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh tewå0g' t,lreS ½f o dS rl mS awmh
jiif;ck&H zG,f ½Sw
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awGU&ygvdrrhf ,f/

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h t
hJ wkid ;f oówt,l Oapä't,l {upöoówt,lqw dk hJ 'D rdpmä t,l ok;H yg;vk;H ukd
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d ½kyu
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f m "mwfav;yg;tpkjzpfw,f? (rmwmaywåu d
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½kyu f , dk u
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tJ'u D dk ½IjrifvQif rdr\ d ½kyfu, dk üf ESpo f ufw,G w
f mrI uif;w,f-vkYd a[mawmfryl gw,f/ tJ'g[m ½kyu f r®|mef;ukd
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tewåvu©Pokwf 32

t*¾ad 0óetEG,½f w dS hJ 'DCecy&dAZdk ?f oif\ uk, d x

f J pdwx f rJ mS aumif;wJh cHomwJh okca0'emvJ ½Sw d ,f?
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jzpfaeqJrmS raumif;wJch pH m;rIvJ r½Sb d ;l ? tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIvJ r½Sb d ;l / raumif;wJch pH m;rI jzpfaeqJrmS vJ tjcm;
cHpm;rI 2-yg; r½Sb d ;l ? tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIjzpfqrJ mS vJ tjcm;cHpm;rI 2-yg; r½Sb d ;l / tJ'v D dk wyg;csif;om jzpfwhJ
twGuf rNrJb;l vkYd vJ od&w,f? (ocFwm) olUqkid &f mtaMumif;u ûyay;rSjzpfw,f (y#dpo ö rkyEÜ mé ) olUqkid &f m
taMumif;ukd pGrJ í DS jzpfw,fvYdk vJ od&w,f? (tJ'g[m jzpfcu dk af 0'emukd ½Iae,if; odyu Hk dk jywmygbJ? 'gaMumifh
jzpfcudk f ½kyef mrfudk ½Irw S af e,if y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fuvdk J odaMumif; tvGex f if½mS ;ygw,f/) (c,"r®m 0,"r®m) ukejf cif;
ysujf cif;oabm½Sw d ,f? (0d&m*"r®m eda&m""r®m) ysujf y,fjcif; csKyfjcif;oabm ½Sw d ,fvYdkvJ od&w,f wJ/h ('Dpum;
&yfrsm;jzifh jzpfqaJ 0'emukd ½Iae,if olUtaMumif;tm;avsmfpmG topftopfjzpfay: jzpfay:vmwmukv d o J &d aMumif;?
csujf cif;yif ukeq f ;Hk aysmufu, G f ysupf ;D oGm;wmukv d J od&aMumif; jyqkad wmfrw l mygbJ? tJ'gukd txl;owdûyMu
&r,f)/

,ck bke;f BuD;wkYd nTejf ywJt h wkid ;f azmif;wm ydew f mrS pNyD; jzpfq½J yk ef mrfudk rjywf½rI w S af eMuwJh a,m*Drsm;
rSm emwJh 'kua© 0'em jzpfay:vmwJt h cg tJ'D a0'emukyd J pl;pkud Nf yD; emw,f emw,fvYdk ½Irw S af e&w,f? pdwEf v S ;Hk
romwm ay:vm,ifvJ ESv;Hk rombl; ESv;Hk rombl; ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e&w,f? cHomwJah umif;wJh a0'em jzpfay:
vm,ifvJ tJ'gukd aumif;w,f aumif;w,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e&r,f? 0rf;om,ifvJ 0rf;omw,f 0rf;omw,f
ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e&w,f? taumif;tqk;d rxif½mS ;wJt h cgrSmawmh xif½mS ;wJ½h yk u f dk jzpfjzpf? xif½mS ;wJph w
d u f dk
jzpfjzpf ½IrwS af e&w,f/ tJ'v D dk ½Irw S af eawmh tqk;d taumif; cHpm;rIoabmuav;awG&UJ topftopf jzpfjzpfvm
ykv
H J xif½mS ;w,f? aysmufaysmufomG ;ykv H J xif½mS ;w,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh uk, d rf mS ûcHxnfrygyJ rk;d ½GmxJomG ;wJo h rl mS
rk;d aygufuav;awG uk, d af y:ü ususvmykH aysmufaysmufomG ;ykH xif½mS ;ovkyd gbJ? tJ'D rk;d a&aygufuav;awG[m
tjyifrS usa&mufvmovkyd if cHpm;rI a0'emuav;awG[m tjyifrS ususvmovkyd if xif½mS ;aewwfw,f/ tJ'v D dk
xif½mS ;od&awmh tJ'D cHpm;rIa0'emuav;awGudk rNrJb;l vkYd vJ od&w,f? cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJt h wGuf qif;&Jw&m;
raumif;wJw h &m;qkw d mvJ od&w,f? rdr\ d twGi;f om; twåaumifr[kww f hJ tewå oabmw&m;rQbJ qkw d mvJ
od&w,f/ tJ'Dvkd od&wJt h wGuf edA'dÁ g-ac:wJh NiD;aiGUwJÓh Pfponf jzpfyu Hk dk 'Dvq dk ufNyD; a[mawmfryl gw,f/

a0'em½Ií NiD;aiGUonf
t*¾ad 0óetEG,½f w dS hJ 'DCecy&dAZdk f ,ckajymcJw
h t hJ wkid ;f a0'emok;H yg;ukd tedppö aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh
odjrifvQif tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf[m csr;f omw,f aumif;w,fqw dk hJ okca0'emüvJ NiD;aiGUw,f? qif;&Jw,f tcH&cufw,f
qkw
d hJ 'kua© 0'emüvJ NiD;aiGUw,f? rqk;d raumif; tvwfcpH m;rI qkw d hJ Oayu©ma0'emüvJ NiD;aiGUw,f/

tJ'pD um;ukd txl;owdûyMu&r,f? 0dyóem½Iw,fqw dk m NiD;aiGUwJh edA'dÁ gÓPf jzpfzYdk twGuf ½I&wmbJ?
0dyóem½IvkdY cPrpJ jzpfysuaf ewJh oabmw&m;awGudk uk, d yf idk Ó f Pfjzifh awGUjrif&rS tedppö aom tjcif;t&m
awGudk ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk f od&w,f? tJ'v D dk ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk o
f &d rS jiD;aiGUwJh edA'dÁ gÓPf jzpfw,f/ ,ck 'DCecokwrf mS awmh
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f ,
dk tf aejzifo h m ½IbYdk jycJw
h ,f? tJ'gvJ
owdûy&r,f? tJ'pD um;&yfjzifh ½kyaf wGudk tbd"r®menf;t& tao;pdwt f m;jzifh cGjJ cm;NyD; r½IayrJh edA'dÁ gÓPfponf
jzpfEidk w
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tjcm;pdwaf pwoduf emrfw&m;awGudk xkwjf yrxm;bl;? tJ'gukv d J owdûy&r,f? tJ'pD um;&yfjzifv h J a0'emok;H yg;
ukod m jzpfqüJ ½Ioad e½krH Qjzifh edA'dÁ gÓPfponf jzpfEidk w f ,fqw dk m rSwx f m;MubkYd ygbJ? tJ'rD mS vJ'u k a© 0'em
wrsK;d wnf;uko d m ½I&wmr[kwb f ;l jzpfay:vmwJh a0'emok;H rsKd;vk;H ukd ½I&w,f? a0'emok;H rsKd;vk;H yif xif½mS ;
jzpfaew,f qkw d mukv d J odem;vnfxm;&Mur,f/ tJ'v D dk NiD;aiGUwJh edA'dÁ gÓPfjzpfNyD;aemuf t&d,r*fÓPf
zkv
d Óf Pf ypöa0u©PmÓPfrsm; jzpfyu Hk v
dk J 'Dvdk qufNyD;a[mawmfryl gw,f/
tewåvu©Pokwf 33

NiD;aiGUí r*fzkdvfÓPfjzpfonf

edAEdÁ -H´ NiD;aiGUvwfaomf? 0g-NiD;aiGUaomaMumif?h 0d&ZÆw-d wyfrufrI ysujf y,fomG ;onf? 0g-t&d,r*fÓPf
jzpfay:\/ 0d&m*g-wyfrufrI ysujf y,fjcif;aMumif?h 0g-wyfrufrI jy,fapaom r*fÓPfaMumif?h 0drpk w ö -d
vGwaf jrmuf\/ 0g-vGwaf jrmufaom t&[wåzv dk f jzpfay:\/ 0drkwåo-®ð vGwaf jrmufvwfaomf? 0drw
k rå w
d -d ig\
pdwv f w
G af jrmufomG ;NyD[?k ÓPH a[mwd-todÓPfjzpfay:\/ ]]b0opfjzpfrI ukeaf yNyD? tusifjh rwfudk usifo h ;Hk NyD;
NyD? ûybG,[ f o l rQukd ûyNyD;NyD? þudpt
ö wGuf tjcm;ûybG,rf ½Sad wmhNyD}}[k qifjcifvsufo\d /

'Dpum;&yfjzifh &[EÅmjzpfNyD; ypöa0u©PmÓPf jzpfyt Hk xdjyawmfryl gw,f/ tJ'v

D dk &[EÅmjzpfNyD; vGwaf jrmuf
oGm;wJh yk*Kd¾ vfrmS jiif;ck&H jcif; r½Syd u
Hk v
dk J 'Dvq
dk ufNyD; a[mawmfryl gw,f/

t*¾ad 0óetEG,½f w dS hJ 'DCecy&dAZdk ?f ,ck a[mjycJw h thJ wkid ;f tmoa0gwkYd rS pdwv f w

G af jrmufomG ;aom
&[ef;onf (e auepd oH0'wd-) wpkw H a,mufEiS rhf Q t,lpNJG idw,G v f suf rajymrqkad y? (e auepd 0d0'wd-)
wpkw
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trSef taejzif)h rSm;,Gi;f pGm ok;H oyfp,
JG jl cif; r½Syd J ajymqkad yonf-vkYd a[mawmfrlygw,f/

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k f ygVdawmf ykyo æ wk f (113)rSm 'Dvdk rdeYf awmfrvl suf ½Syd gw,f/

trSefajymol jiif;ckH&m ra&muf

em[H bdua© 0 avmaue 0d0'grd? avmaum0 r,m
0d0'wd? e bdua© 0 "r®0g'D auepd avmuo®ð 0d0'wd-wJh/

bdua© 0-&[ef;wkYd ? t[H-igbk&m;onf? avmaue-trsm;vlpEk iS ?hf e 0d0'grd-rjiif;ckyH g/ avmaum0-

opöuy&dAZdk f Owå, d y&dAZdk f (tH?3?412) a0ceoy&dAZdk f tóvm,evkvif Oygvdo<l u,fpaom trsm;vlpu k
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yk*Kd¾ vfonf? avmuo®-ð vlrsm;pkxüJ ? auepd-wpkw H a,mufEiS rhf Q? e 0d0'wd-rjiif;ckaH y/ 0g-trSeu f dk ajymaom
aMumifh jiif;cko
H nf rrnfay-wJh/

'Dpum;jzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;om r[kwb f ;l ? rnforl qkd bk&m;\w&m;awmftrSeu f dk a[majymwJyh *k Kd¾ vfqv
dk Qif
wzufom;u jiif;ckaH evkYd ½Si;f vif;ajymaeaomfvJ jiif;ck&H mra&mufaMumif;? rodowl Ydktm; trSeuf dk odem;vnfap&ef
cs;D ajr§muf&mom a&mufaMumif;rsm;ukd rSw,
f El idk yf gw,f/

t½Sifom&dykwå&m &[EÅmjzpfykH

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dk yfcwfay;ae,if; a0'em ok;H yg;w&m;ukd em&wJt h wGuf aomwmyef
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H awmh yXrpsmefpaom psmefwYdkudk 0ifpm;
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&[EÅmjzpfw,fvYdk qkx d m;ygw,f/ tjcm;okww f ckrmS awmh tZÑwåw&m;ukd ½INyD;onfh tjcm;rJrh mS &[EÅmjzpfw,fvYdk
t½Sio f m&dyw k &å m uk,
d w
f idk uf 0efcaH jymqkx d m;ygw,f/ tJ'D ok;H okwu f dk n§Nd yD;awmh ]]t½Sio f m&dyw k &å m[m
w&m;ukv d J emae,if; psmefu0dk ifpm;NyD; tjcm;rJrh mS tJ'D psmefxu J a0'emukd ½INyD; t&[wår*fzv dk f a&mufomG ;w,f}}
vkYd rSw, f &l rSmbJ/

t½Siof m&dyw k &å m\ wljzpfwhJ 'DCecy&dAZdk [

f mvJ 'D a0'emok;H yg; w&m;ukd emae,if; aomwmywård *fzvdk f
a&mufNyD; aomwmyef jzpfomG ;ygowJ?h tJ'g[m rdro d EÅmefrmS jzpfqaJ 0'emukd ½INyD; jzpfay:wJh 0dyóemÓPf
t[keaf Mumifh jzpfomG ;w,fvYdk rSw,
f &l rSmbJ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 34

om0uoEédygw usif;yonf

jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu
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xkYd twlyif t&omaumif;uko

d m pm;odcsifayrJh tpmaumif;u r½S, d if t&omaumif; pm;odru I rjzpfb;l ?
tpmaumif;ukd pm;&ygrS t&omaumif; todu jzpfw,f? 'gaMumifh pm;a&;twGuf aeYnrtm; ½SmBuHtm;xkwf
aeMu&wmbJ/ aeraumif;wJh tcgrSm aq;cg;BuD;rsm; aomuf&w,f? tJ't D cg t&omqk;d ukd rcHpm;csifayrJh cHpm;
&wmbJ/ tJ'g[m pm;odwhJ pdwu
f tvkt d wkid ;f rjzpfyJ olUtaMumif;tm;avsmfpmG jzpfaeykyH gbJ/
xkYd twlyif awGUxdp&m tm½k0H w¬Kaumif;u r½S, d if tawGUtxdaumif; jzpfcsifayrJh rjzpfb;l ? t0wf
txnfaumif; tdy&f mae&maumif; ponf tm½kaH umif;½Syd grS tawGUtxdaumif;u jzpfw,f? 'gaMumifh ouf½dS
oufrhJ tawGUtxd tm½kaH umif;rsm;twGuf tNrJwrf; aMumifMh u pku d af eMu&w,f/ tvGef yljcif; at;jcif; paom
&moDOwkq;dk ql;ajimifh cvkwf rD; vufeufpaom tawGUqk;d ç a&m*gtawGUqk;d rsm; ½Sad e,if tawGUtxd qk;d rsm;
rjzpfapcsiaf yrJh jzpfNyD; 'kua© 0'emawGudk tvl;tvJ cHpm;Mu&awmhwmbJ/ tJ'g[m xdow d hJ pdwu
f tvkt d wkid ;f
rjzpfyJ olUtaMumif;tm;avsmfpmG jzpfaeykyH gbJ/ 'guawmh a&m*ga0'em jzpfaewJo
h rl mS tvGeyf if xif½mS ;ygw,f/

xkYd twlyif ½Ti½f iT yf sys csrf;ompGmcsnf; aecsifayrJh pD;yGg;Opöm tvkyt

f ukid f ponfu tajctae aumif;ae
ygrS pdwuf csr;f ompGm jzpfEidk w f ,f? tpp t&m&m tajctaeu raumif;,ifawmh pdwrf csr;f rom jzpf&wmbJ?
'gaMumifh tpp t&m&m jynfph NHk yD; tqifajyatmif tNrJwrf; aMumifMh upku d af eMu&w,f? 'Dvadk MumifMh upku
d f
tm;xkwaf e,if;xJuyif tqifrajywmawGudk pOf;pm;rd,if pdwrf csr;f rom jzpfaeMu&wmbJ? om;aojcif; vif
tewåvu©Pokwf 49

aojcif; pD;yGg;Opömysupf ;D jcif; tvkyt

f ukid t
f qifrajyjcif; tkjd cif; emjcif; ponfudk pOf;pm;rd,if pdwrf csr;f rom
jzpfMu&wmbJ/ tJ'g[m BuHopd w d u
f rdrd tvktd wkid ;f rjzpfyJ olUtaMumif;tm;avsmfpmG jzpfaeykyH gbJ/

taMumif;½SdrS tusKd;jzpfw,f

taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG jzpfw,f qkw d m ]]olUqkid &f m taMumif;½Srd S tusKd;w&m; jzpfw,f? taMumif;u

aumif;ygrS tusKd;aumif; jzpfw,f? taMumif;uqk;d ,if qk;d wJt h usKd;om jzpfw,f? uk, d uf jzpfcsif½rHk QeJYawmh
rjzpfb;l ? uk, d u f rjzpfapcsiaf yrJh olUtaMumif;u ½Sad e,if olUtusK;d jzpfw,f}} qkw d mukd ajymwmygbJ/ tJ'v D dk
taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG jzpfwm[m rdr\ d tvkt d wkid ;f rjzpfwm tpk;d r&wmygbJ? rdrd tvkt d wkid ;f rjzpf,if
tpk;d r&,if rdr\ d twGi;f om; txnfu, dk f twåaumif r[kwv f Ydk aygh/ 'gaMumifh tJ'v D dk tewåoabmw&m;rQom
jzpfyuHk dk jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]pdw0f n
d mPf[m tvkt d wkid ;f rjzpfaomaMumifv h J twåaumifr[kwb f ;l }}vkYd od&aMumif;ukd
½Si;f vif; a[mMum;awmf rlwmygbJ? tJ'D ygVd\ jrefrmjyef tusO;f csKyf aqmify'k u f dk qkMd u&r,f/

trSet f m;jzifah wmh pdw0f n

d mPf[m (rdr\ d twGi;f om;
txnfu, dk )f twåaumif r[kw?f twåaumif r[kwaf om
aMumifyh if þpdw0f n d mPfonf (rdrt d m;) ESyd pf ufzYdk&mvJ jzpfae
acsonf/ xkYd jyif ]]ig\ pdwo f nf 'Dvdk taumif;csnf; jzpfygap?
'Dvdk tqk;d awmh rjzpfygapeJY}}vkYd pdw0f n
d mPfü pDrcH efYcí JG vJr&yJ
½Sdacsonf/

'Db&k m;pum;awmf[m tvkt d wkid ;f tpk;d &wJh taeeJY xifrw

S w
f hJ omrDtwåpu
JG dk y,fEidk &f ef nTejf ywmygbJ/
tJ'D omrDtwåpJG aqmify'k u
f dk xyfNyD; qkMd u&r,f/

uk,
d x
f rJ mS tvkt
d wkid ;f tpk;d &wJh igaumif½o
dS nf[k
xifwmu omrD twåp/JG

tJ'D omrDtwåpu
JG dk y,fvu dk ,f if ed0goDtwåpJG um&utwåprJG sm;ukv
d J y,fNyD; jzpfomG ;wmbJ/ tJ'D ed0goD
twåpJG um&utwåpaJG qmify'k rf sm;ukvd J qkMd u&r,f/

uk,
d xf rJ mS tNrJwrf; wnfaewJh igaumif½o
dS nf[k
xifwmu ed0goDtwåp/JG

olUtaMumif;½Srd S olUtusKd;pdw0f nd mPf topftopfjzpfjzpfaew,f? jzpfNyD;awmhvJ csufjcif;bJ aysmufysuf

oGm;w,fvYdk od,if tNrJwrf; wnfaewJh twåaumif r½Sb d ;l qkwd m xif½mS ;aewmaygh/ ykpH x H w
k jf y&vQif rsufped YJ
tqif;½Srd S jrifopd w
d f jzpfw,f? xkYd twlyif em;eJY toH½rdS S Mum;odpw d jf zpfw,f? ESmacgif;eJY teHY½rdS S eHopd w d f
jzpfw,f? vQmeJY t&om½Srd S t&omodwphJ w d f jzpfw,f? uk, d ef YJ tawGU½Srd S xdow d phJ w
d f jzpfw,f? rS&D m½kyef YJ tm½k½H rdS S
BuHopd w
d f jzpfw,fqw dk mukd uk,
d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh od&,if tNrJwrf; wnfaewJh twåaumif igaumif qkw d m r½Sb d ;l vkYd
od&awmhwmbJ/ um&u twåpaJG qmify'k u f vdk J qkMd u&r,f/

uk,
d f EIwf pdwf trlt&m [lorQukd igaumifuyif
ûyvkyo
f nf[k xifwmu um&utwåp/JG

jzpfcu
dk ½f yk ef mrfudk rjywf½aI ewJh a,m*DrmS rsufpEd iS hf tqif;paom taMumif;ukd rSND yD; jrifopd w
d pf onf
topftopf jzpfaewmukd xif½mS ; awGU& od&w,f? tJ'v D dk od&wJt h wGuf jrifatmifûywwfwhJ igaumif r½Sb d ;l ?
olUtaMumif; tm;avsmfpmG topftopfjzpfay:vmwJh jrifopd w d rf Qom ½Sw
d ,f ponfjzifh pdw0f n
d mPfrQom½Sad Mumif;
½Si;f vif;pGm od&aomaMumifh 'D um&utwåpv JG J uif;oGm;awmhwmygbJ/

,ckajymcJw
h t
hJ wkid ;f pdw0f n
d mPfudk trSetf wkid ;f odatmif r½IEidk w
f yhJ *k Kd¾ vfawGu omrDtwå ed0goDtwå
um&utwåtaejzifh pGv J rf; aeMuw,f? tjcm;cE¨mawGxuf 'D pdw0f n d mPfcE¨mukd ykNd yD;pGv J rf;Mu[ef vu©Pm
½Syd gw,f? ,ckacwfrmS vJ 0dnmPfaumifqNdk yD; pGv
J rf; ajymqkad ewm ½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'v D dk pdwu
f dk tpGt
J vrf;rsm;wmuvJ
tewåvu©Pokwf 50

avmua0g[m&tm;jzifh pdwu f ykNd yD; xif½mS ;vkYd ygbJ? Arma0g[m&taeeJYq, dk if a0'em onm ocFg& qkw d hJ
emrfw&m;awGudk xkwaf zmfNyD; ajymqkad vh r½SMd ubl;? pdwu f bJ cHpm;aeovkçd rSwo f m;aeovkçd ûyvkyaf eovkd
ajymqkad eMuw,f/ bk&m;vufxufawmf umvuvJ omwd qkw d hJ &[ef;rSm 'Dpw d 0f n
d mPfudk twåtaejzifh
pGv
J rf;rSw,f w
l hJ twå'|d d jzpfcbhJ ;l w,f? tJ'D 0w¬Kukd tusOf;csKyf xkwaf jym&OD;r,f/

omwd &[ef; 0w¬K

tJ'D omwdqw dk hJ &[ef;u ol[m jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mwJh w&m;ukd oabmayguf em;vnfaMumif; ajymqkad e
w,f/ ol ajymqkad eyku
H awmh--
wa'0d'H 0dnmPH oE¨m0wd oHo&wd tenH/

oE¨m0wd oHo&wd-wb0rS wb0okYd ajy;oGm;vsuf ajymif;a½TU usiv f nfaeaom? £'H 0dnmPH-,ck

vuf½dS þ pdw0f n d mPfonf? wa'0-a½S;a½S; b0rsm;u ½Scd ahJ om xkd pdw0f n d mPfomwnf;? tenH-wjcm;wyg;
r[kwb f ;l vkYd bk&m;a[mwmukd olu oabmayguf odem;vnfaeaMumif; ajymqkad eygowJ?h ol ,lqyku H awmh--
Zmwfeyd gwfawmfawGrmS a0óEÅ&mrif;BuD;u bk&m;jzpfvmonf/ q'´eq f ifrif;u bk&m;jzpfvmonf? bl&'d wf
e*g;rif;u bk&m;jzpfvmonf-ponfjzifh qk&d mawGrmS bk&m;jzpfwhJ aemufq;Hk b0ü a0óEÅ&mrif;BuD;\ ½kycf E¨mvJ
rygbl;? qif e*g; ponfwYdk \ ½kycf E¨mawGvJ rygbl;? a0óEÅ&mrif; qif e*g; ponfwYdk jzpfpOfu ½Scd w hJ hJ pdwf
0dnmPfom ygvmw,f? 'gaMumifh pdw0f n d mPfuav;uawmh b,faomtcgrS rysufp;D bl;? tNrJwrf;½Sad ew,fvYdk
,kMH unf,q l NyD; ajymqkad eygowJ/h tJ'g[m ed0goDtwåpjJG zifh pdw0f n
d mPfudk twåaumiftaejzifh ,lqpGv J rf;wm
ygbJ/

tJ'D omwd&[ef;tm; tjcm;ynm½S&d [ef;awmfrsm;u ol,q l wJt

h wkid ;f r[kwaf Mumif;½Si;f vif; ajymjyMuyg
w,f? 'gayrJh omwd&[ef;u olU t,ludk rpGeYf b;l ? tjcm; &[ef;awGudk olvdk obm0usus rod em;rvnfb;l vkYd
xifaew,f? tif; .... t,lvrJG mS ;aewJh oltm; trSew f &m;ukd a[m&wmuvJ rvG,b f ;l ? tvGtJ rSm;,kMH unfaewJh
olawGu olwYdk vdk acwfrDS todÓPf r½SMd ubl;vkYd txiftjrifao;wwfMuw,f/ olwYdk \ yXr wDxiG af [majym
oGm;wJh q&mavmuf acwfrt DS odÓPfr½Sbd ;l vkYd xifwwfMuw,f/ trSepf ifppfuawmh Ak'o ¨ moem0ify*k Kd¾ vfq,dk if
Ak'a¨ [mxm;wJh w&m;awmfeYJ nD rnD pl;prf;qifjcif;bkYd vkyd gw,f? Ak'w¨ &m;awmfeYJ rnDwhJ t,ludk pGv J rf;
,kMH unfae,if Ak'o
¨ moem0iftjzpfrS tjyifa&mufomG ;wwfygw,f? tJ'g txl; owdûybkYd ygbJ/

tJ'D omwd&[ef;ukad wmh tjcm; ynm½Sd &[ef;awmfrsm;u ajyma[mvkYd r&wJt h wGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;xH
oGm;a&mufNyD; avQmufMuw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u omwd&[ef;ukd ac:apNyD; ar;jref;awmfryl gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u
ar;awmfrcl w
hJ hJ tcgvJ olu ]]jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mxm;wJh Zmwfeyd gwfawmfawG t&tm;jzifh ,ck vuf½dS pdw0f n d mPf
[m a½S;a½S;b0rsm;u ½Scd whJ hJ 0dnmPfyifjzpfaMumif;? ,if; pdw0f n
d mPfonfyif ysufp;D jcif;r½Syd J ajymif;a½TUusifvnf
aeaMumif;rsm;ukd odem;vnfygw,f}}vkYd 0efcH avQmufxm;w,f/

tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]tJ'g[m tb,f0n

d mPfv}J }vkYd ar;awmfrw
l ,f/

baEÅ-jrwfpmG bk&m;? a,m t,H-(twåaumif[k qkt d yfaom) tMuifoo

l nf? 0a'g-ajymqkw
d wfygonf?
a0a'a,sm-odwwfcpH m;wwfygonf? wMw wMw-xkx d b
dk 0ü? uvsmPygyumeH ur®meH 0dyguH-aumif;rI
raumif;rIuw
H Ydk\ tusKd;uk?d y#doaH 0a'wd-cHpm;wwfygonf? aom t,H-(twåaumif[k qkt d yfaom) xko
d Ydk aom
þolonfyif 0dnmPfjzpfygonf-vkYd avQmufw,f/ tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u-

armCyk&o d -r*fzv
dk rf rS;D tcsn;f ES;D a,musmf ;? b,foUl tm; igbk&m;u 'Dvadk [mbl;wmukd oifMum;bl;í
od&ygovJ? igbk&m;u taMumif;aMumifjh zpfwhJ pdw0f n d mPfuo
dk m a[mw,f? taMumif;r½Syd J pdw0f n d mPf rjzpfb;l
vkYd om a[mw,f/ okYd jzpfygvsuf oif[m rSm;,Gi;f pGm ,lNyD;awmh igbk&m;wkYd uv dk J pGypf w
JG ,f? raumif;rI tukov
dk f
ukv
d J rsm;pGmyGg;apw,f? 'Dvdk rSm;,Gi;f pGm,lNyD; ajymwJrh aumif;rI[m ½Snjf rifph mG aom umvywfv;Hk oifrh mS tusK;d rJh
qif;&JbYdk &mom jzpfw,fvYdk rdeYf qq dk ;Hk rawmfryl gw,f/
'gayrJh omwd&[ef;uawmh ol,q
l xm;wJt
h wkid ;f trSev
f Ydk xifaew,f? olUt,ludk rpGeYf yJ ½Sad eygowJ/h
tewåvu©Pokwf 51

t,ltpGrJ sm; w,faMumufp&maumif;wmbJ? 'D om&wd[ef;[m bk&m;wynfv h J jzpfw,f? bk&m;a[mw&m;

ukd ,kMH unf,q l NyD; odw,fvYdkvJ ajymw,f? 'gayrJh bk&m;uk, d af wmfwidk uf qk;H rwmukad wmif rvku d ef mEkid yf J
½Sad ew,f? bk&m;ukad wmif r,kMH unf&ma&mufaewmaygh/ ,ckaetcgrSmvJ ]]ig;yg;oDvukad wmif aqmufwnfbYdk
usifb h Ydk rvkb d ;l ? bm0emtvkyu f vdk J tm;xkwb f Ydk rvkb
d ;l ? olajymwJt h wkid ;f odem;vnf½rHk Qjzifh udpNö yD;w,f}}vkYd
r[kww f rf;w&m;ukd a[maewm½Sw d ,f? tJ'v D dk a[mwJh omoemysuf w&m;ukd ,kMH unf vufcx H m;wJh olrsm;ukd
wwfoed m;vnfwhJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGu Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfEiS t
hf nD a[majymMuwJt h cgrSm ]]bk&m;ua[mawmifrS olUt,ludk
rpGeYf Eidk b
f ;l }}vkYd &if&h ifo
h ;D oD; ajymMuaMumif; Mum;&w,f/ omwd&[ef;&JU ajr;jrpfawGvYdk qkb d ,
G ½f w
dS mygbJ/

,ckaetcgrSmqk, d if w&m;a[mw,f qkad yrJh w&m;r[kwyf J rw&m;ukd a[mwmawGvJ ½Sad ew,f?

'gaMumifh w&m;ukv
d J pl;prf;qifjcifNyD; [kwrf eS af vmufww
hJ &m;udo
k m em,lrw
S o
f m;bkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ w&m;rSef
tusOf;csKyfuawmh--

w&m;rSef tusOf;csKyf

(1) oAÁygyo tu&PH-raumif;rItukov dk f [lorQukd rûyjcif;u wyg;/ uk, d jf zifv

h J n§O;f qJjcif;
owfjcif; ck;d jcif; rw&m;ûyusijhf cif;pwJh tukov dk f trIawGudk rûyyJ MuOfa½Smif&r,f? EIwjf zifv h J vdrjf cif; *k;H wku
d f
jcif; qJa&;jcif; pwJh tukov dk t f rIawGudk rajymyJ MuOfa½Smif&r,f? pdwu f ;l oufoufjzifvh J tukov dk t
f BuHawGudk
rBuHpnfyJ y,f&r,f? 'Dpw d u f ;l oufouf tukov dk u f adk wmh orxbm0em 0dyóem bm0emukd ½IygG ;aerS
aumif;aumif;y,fEidk wf ,f/ 'Dtukov dk [
f o
l rQudk rûy&bl;qkw d m[m jrwfpmG bk&m;wkYd \ (1) eHygwf tqkH;trbJ/

(2) ukovó OyorÜ'g-ukov dk [ f ol rQukd jynfph aHk pjcif;u wyg;/ 'geukov dk jf zpfjzpf? oDvukov dk f
jzpfjzpf? bm0em ukov dk jf zpfjzpf-ukov dk [
f o l rQukd jzpfygG ;ap&r,f? ûyvky&f r,f/ tJ'u D ok v dk af wGxrJ mS oDvukov dk f
uawmh (1) eHygwftqk;H trESit hf nD tukov dk af wG a½SmifMuOfae,if jynfph w Hk eforQawmh jynfph aHk ewmygbJ? 'gayrJh
t&d,r*fov D qkw d muawmh tJ'v D dk a½SmifMuOf½rHk QeJU rjynfph EHk idk b
f ;l ? 0dyóemukd yGg;apNyD; t&d,r*fa&mufrS
jynfph wHk ,f? Oypm&orm"d jzpfjzpf? tyÜemorm"djzpfjzpf &atmif orxbm0em ukov dk u f dk yGg;ap&r,f? wcsKUd u
orxtvkyu f dk ½Iycf sNyD;ajyma[mwwfMuw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;uawmh orxbm0emukv d J tm;xkwzf YdkneT Mf um;
wkud w f eG ;f awmfryl gw,f? orxbm0emukd tm;xkwv f Ydkpsmeform"dudk &,if? tJ'o D rm"dudk tajccHûyNyD; 0dyóem
½Iwm[m taumif;qk;H bJ? tJ'pD smef&atmif tm;rxkwEf idk , f ifvJ Oypm&orm"d&atmif tm;xkw&f w,f? tJ'o D rm"d
ukd tajccHûyNyD; 0dyóem½I,ifvJ aumif;wmbJ/ tJ'o D rx orm"dudk &atmiftm;rxkwEf idk , f ifawmh 0dyóem
cPdu orm"dudk &atmif tm;xkw&f w,f? 'D0yd óem orm"d&,ifawmh 0dyóem ÓPfawG tpOftwkid ;f jzpfygG ;NyD;
t&d,r*fzv dk of Ydk a&mufomG ;Ekid yf gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ omoemawmfrmS 'D0yd óem orm"dEiS hf 0dyóemÓPfqw dk hJ
0dyóemukov dk u f dk yGg;apbkYd tvkyu f awmh ta&;tBuD;qk;H bJ/ bmaMumifv h q J ,
dk if 0dyóemrygbJ t&d,r*fzv dk f
ukd r&Ekid af omaMumifyh gbJ/ 'gaMumifh t&d,r*fuo k v
dk f jynfph aHk tmif 0dyóem ukov dk uf ydk gG ;ap&r,f/ b,fuo k v dk f
ukrd S ry,faumif;bl;? ukov dk [
f o l rQudk jynfph aHk p&r,f qkw d hJ Mo0g'[m jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siw f Ydk \ (2) eHygwf tqk;H
trbJ/

tJ'D bk&m;½Siw f Ydk \ (1? 2) Mo0g'rsm;eJY qefYusib f uf a[majymaeMuwmawGudk ,ckaetcgrSm Mum;ae&

w,f? a[myku H awmh--tukov dk uf ad vom qkw d m tNrJ½adS ewmr[kwb f ;l ? tJ'D r½Sw
d t
hJ ukovdk af wG udavomawG
ukd y,fEidk af tmiftm;xkwzf Ydk rvkbd ;l wJ?h oDv orx 0dyóemukov dk af wGvJ ûyvkyt f m;xkwzf Ydk rvkb
d ;l wJ?h vkyo
f rQ
'kuc© snf;yJw/hJ tJ'v D dk a[majymcsuaf wG[m bk&m;pum;awmfeYJ ajymif;jyef qefYusib f ufawGbv J Ydk ude;f ao
rSwxf m;Mu&r,f/

(3) opdwyå &da,m'gyeH-rdr\ d pdwu f dk jzLpifapjcif;u wyg;/ rdr\ d pdwu f dk jzLpifapw,fqw dk m 0dyóem
ukov dk f yGg;apaomtm;jzifh t&[wår*foYdk a&mufap&r,f? tJ'D t&[wår*fa&mufNyD;onf\ tjcm;rJrh mS udavom
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tewåvu©Pokwf 52

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pDrcH efYcí
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dk J rrSeb
f ;l vkYd qk&d ma&mufrmS aygh/ tJ'g txl;owdûybkYd
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omoemawmf aywnf;?

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DS jzpfvQif um,0dnmPf[í l om
ac:&w,f? pdwEf v S ;Hk ESihf oabmtm½ku H dk pGrJ í
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tewåvu©Pokwf 53

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d v
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d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh odjrif
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d x
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½Sdacsonf/
tewåvu©Pokwf 54

,ck tewåvu©Pokwrf mS jyqkx d m;wJh cE¨mig;yg; twår[kwyf t

Hk aMumif;uawmh a[majymvkYd jynfph Hk
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azPyd@Lyrokwrf S *gxmrsm;ukd xkwaf qmifNyD; a[m&OD;r,f/

azPyd@Lyrokwf (oH 'k? 114)

azPyd@LyrH ½ly?H a0'emykAKÁ VLyrm/ r&Dpu
d l yrm onm?
ocFg&m u'vlyrm/ rm,lyrOö 0dnmPH? a'odwm'dpAö E¨Kem/

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f ,
dk Bf uD;
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f dk EIwyf ,fvu dk ,
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tewåvu©Pokwf 55

tok;H rusawmhb;l ? vlUyktH oGief YJ vJ rwnf½EdS idk af wmhb;l / a½SUem;u ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f ½kyu
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dk Bf uD;ukd uk, d af wGU ÓPfawGU ½IMunfch sif,ifawmh xif½mS ; ay:&mupNyD; ½I&w,f? oGm;aepOf
qk,d if oGm;½kyf awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;½kyu f txif½mS ;qk;H bJ? 'gaMumifh (*päaEÅm 0g *pämrDwd yZmemwd)qkw d hJ
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qk,d if &yfw,f &yfw,fvYdk½rI w S &f w,f? xkid af epOf qk, d if xkid w
f ,f xkid w
f ,f? xdw,f xdw,f? azmif;w,f
ydewf ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S &f w,f? uk, d vhf uf ponfudk jrif,if jrifw,f jrifw,fvYdk ½Irw S &f w,f? uk,
d t
hf eHYe,
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vIyw f ,f jyifw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S &f w,f/ tJ'v D dk ½Irw
S v
f Ydk orm"d tm;aumif;vmwJh tcgusawmh--

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&yfvdk xkid v f wdk hJ pdwef YJ awmifwh if;rI tqifq h ifrh QbJ? auG;w,f qefYw,f ûyjyifw,fqw dk mawGvJ auG;vkd qefYvdk
ûyjyifvw dk phJ wd ef YJ awmifw h if; vIy½f mS ;jcif; oabmrQb?J jrifw,f qkw d mvJ jrifowd meJY jrif&wJt h qif;rQb?J eHw,f
qkwd mvJ eHow d meJY eH&wJt h eHYrQbJ ponfjzifv h J odjrif oabmus usomG ;w,f? olUtcku d tf wefYeYJ ol jzpfysuf
oGm;wJh oabmrQbJvYdk vJ odjrif oabmus usoGm;w,f? vuf ajc uk, d f acgif; ponfyo Hk P²mef txnfj'AfvJ
rxifawmhb;l ? topftopfjzpfysufaewJh ½kyt f rlt&m oabmrQom xif½mS ;aew,f/ tJ't D cgrSmawmh ]]½kyu f ,
dk Bf uD;
a&jr§KyfeYJ wlw,f}}qkw d mukd uk, d yf idk Óf Pfjzifh xif½mS ;awGU&awmhwmygbJ/

tJ'v D dk awGU&wJth wGuf a,m*Du ½kyw

f &m;awGudk tedpö rNrJb;l vkYd vJ odjrifw,f? cPrpJ jzpfysufaevkYd
aMumufp&maumif;wJh 'ku-© qif;&JvYdk vJ odjrifw,f? uk,
d hf tvkt
d wkid ;f rjzpfyJ olUtaMumif;tm;avsmfpmG jzpfaevkYd
tewå-rdr\ d twGi;f om; twåaumifr[kw?f tpk;d r&wJh tewåoabmw&m;rQbJvYdk vJ odjrifw,f/ tJ'v D dk
odjrifyu
Hk dk qkMd u&r,f/

½lyH þ½kyf a&jr§KyfoP²mef? tedpb ö J rNrJ trSe/f

jzpfysurf pJ qif;&Jyyl ef? tewå rSwMf u {0uef/

a&yGufyrm a0'em

a0'em-cHpm;rI a0'emonf? ykALÁ VLyrm-a&yGuEf iS w hf \

l / taumif;tqk;d cHpm;rI a0'em[m a&yGuEf iS hf
wlygw,fw/hJ a&yGuf qkw d m ig;yGuw f t hJ cg a&rsufEmS jyifrmS wrsKd;jzpfNyD; ab;jyefYomG ;wmrsKd;ukd a&yGuv
f Ydk
odem;vnfaeMuw,f? ykALÁ V-qkw d hJ ygVduawmh a&pDaygif; tvk;H uav;ukd qkyd gw,f? 'gaMumifh rk;d ½GmwJt h cgç
tjrifrh S a&pD;a&,Ofu atmufa&jyifay: xk;d usaewJt h cgrsm;rSm twGi;f uaveJY tjyif ywf0ef;usifu a&tMunfeYJ
tvk;H tvk;H uav;awG jzpfaewwfygw,f? tJ'v D dk a&pDaygif; tvk;H uav;rsm;ukd a&yGuv f Ydk qkyd gw,f? uav;
oli,frsm; >yefwefeYJ yg;pyfu rIwx f w
k Nf yD; upm;aewJh pDaygif;rsKd;ygbJ? a&jr§Kyfqw
dk mvJ tJ'D a&pDaygif;rsm;pGm
pkwnfaewmygbJ/

tJ'D a&pDaygif; a&yGu[ f m a&jyifay:ü rk;d aygufrsm; uswkid ;f uswkid ;f jzpfay:vmNyD; wcPcsif;
ysufysufomG ;w,f? cHpm;rI a0'emuvJ wcPcsif; ysufysufomG ;wwfvYdk tJ'D a&pDaygif; a&yGuu f av;rsm;ESihf
wlygw,fw?hJ tJ'g[m a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vfwYdk \ ÓPftjrifeYJ awmh tHusuku d af ewmygbJ/ yuwdval wG tjrifeYJ awmh
ruku d yf J jzpfaeayvdrrhf ,f/ bmaMumifv
h q
J ,dk if yuwd vlawGu vSywmukd tMumBuD; Munfah e,if jrifvYdk
aumif;wm[m tMumBuD;wnfaew,fvYdk xifw,f? tjrifq;dk ukd tMumBuD;jrifae&wJt h cgvJjrifvYdk raumif;wmu
tMumBuD; wnfaew,fvYdk xifw,f? ½k;d ½k;d tjrifawGuv dk J tMumBuD; wnfaew,f? tNrJ wnfaew,fvYdk
xifaeMuw,f/ xkYd twlyif Mum;vkYd aumif;wm raumif;wm ponfuv dk J tMumBuD; wnfaew,fvYdk
xifaeMuwmbJ? txl;tm;jzifah wmh emusiw f hJ 'kua© 0'emukad wmh &ufyidk ;f vykid ;f ESpyf idk ;f eJYtMumBuD; wnfaew,f
vkYd yJ xifaeMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh cHpm;rI a0'em[m a&yGuv f ydk if tysujf refw,f qkw d mukd yuwdval wG&UJ
tewåvu©Pokwf 56

tjrifeYJ awmh ruku

d b
f ;l vkYd qk&d rSmbJ/ tJ'D OyrmeJYtnD a0'emtysufjrefyu
Hk dk uk,
d w
f idk af wGU odcsif,ifawmh rdrd
oEÅmefu jzpfqJ ½kyfemrfawGukd rjywf½IMunfh½kHygbJ/

tJ'vD dk jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f ukd rjywf½rI wS af e,ifawmh O',AÁ,ÓPf b*FÓPfa&mufwt hJ cg jrifvYdk

aumif;wm raumif;wm jzpfap? Mum;vkYd aumif;wm raumif;wm jzpfap? eHvYdk pm;vkYd aumif;wm raumif;wm
jzpfap csujf cif; aysmufysuo f mG ;wmukd awGU&ygw,f? txl;tm;jzifh emusif tcHcufwhJ a0'em ysufysufomG ;yku H dk
xif½mS ;awGUEkid yf gw,f? emusif tcHcufwhJ a0'emukd emw,f emw,fvYdk ½Irw S af e,if rSwwf idk ;f rSww f idk ;f wem
wem aysmufaysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&ygw,f? or®oeÓPfyidk ;f qDrmS qk, d if emusicf cH ufwmawG trsm;BuD; awGU&
wwfw,f? rSww f idk ;f rSww
f idk ;f wae&m wae&mu wem wem aysmufaysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&wwfw,f? 'Du
emvkud f rSwv f u dk f aysmufomG ;vku d ?f [ku
d emvku
d f rSwvf u
dk f aysmufomG ;vku
d ef YJ ,l ,l ypfvu dk o
f vkd vsijf refpmG
aysmufaysmuf oGm;wmukd awGU&wwfw,f/

tJ'v D dk ÓPftjrif xufoefaewJh a,m*DrmS jrifvYdkaumif;wmvJ jrifw,fvYdk rSwv f u dk w f meJY csujf cif;
aysmufomG ;wmbJ? rsupf ed YJ jrifp&mu ½Sad eawmh aemufxyfvJ jrifwmbJ? jrifwidk ;f jrifwidk ;f rSwv f u dk ,f if csujf cif;
aysmufomG ;wmcsn;f bJ/ jrifvYdk raumif;wmvJ csujf cif; aysmufomG ;wmbJ/ jrifvYdk raumif; waumif;vJcsujf cif;
aysmufomG ;wmbJ/ Mum;vkYd aumif;wm raumif;wmeJY raumif;waumif; a0'emukd rSwv f u
dk ,f if aysmufaysmuf
oGm;yku
H ykNd yD; xif½mS ;w,f? xkYd twl eHvYdk aumif;wm ponfvJ aysmufaysmufomG ;wmbJ? pm;vkYd aumif;wmuvJ
½IrSwfaewJoh l a,m*DrmS aysmufaysmufomG ;ykH tvGex f if½mS ;wmbJ? pm;p&mukd 0g;NyD; pm;ae,if; pm;w,f 0g;w,f
vkYd rjywfrw S af e&w,f? tJ'v D rdk wS af e,if; t&omuav;ay:vmwJt h cg rSwv f u
dk af wmh t&omtodaumif;
uav;awG[m odvu dk f aysmufvu dk f odvu dk f aysmufvudk ef YJ xif½mS ;awGU&wwfw,f/ uk, d tf awGU aumif; raumif;
tv,ftvwf a0'emukd rSwv f udk v f Ydk aysmufaysmufomG ;ykuH awmh ckwifu ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f xif½mS ;aeygNyD/

xkYd twlyif pdwn f pfwm
a0'emawG[m wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD
a0'em[m a&yGuf uav;awGvydk J
'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQbJvYdk
aqmify'k u
f dk qkMd u&r,f/
pdwyf wl m 0rf;enf;wm? 0rf;omwmponfawGuv dk J rSwaf e,if tJ'D cHpm;rI
vsijf refpmG aysmufaysmuf oGm;wmukd awGU&ygw,f? tJ'v D dk awGU&wJth wGuf
vsijf refpmG ysuyf suo f mG ;vkYd bmrQ rckid Nf rJb;l ? bmrQ tm;ruk;d avmufb;l ? tedpö
uk,d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odjrifNyD; oabmususoGm;w,f/ tJ'v D dk xifyHk odyHk

a0'empuf a&yGuyf [ Hk ef? tedpb

ö J rNrJ trSe?f
jzpfysurf pJ qif;&Jyyl ef? tewå rSwMf u {0uef/

wHvSyfyrm rSwfonm

onm-rSwo f m;rIonmonf? r&Dpu d yl rm-wHvyS Ef iS hf wl\/ jrif& Mum;& awGU& od&wmawGudk wu,f
t[kwt
f rSet f aejzifh rSwpf x
JG m;wwfwo
hJ abmukd onmvkYd ac:w,f? tJ'D rSwo f m;rI onm[m wHvyS f (wHvQyf-
toHxuG )f eJY wlygw,f wJ/h

wHvyS q
f w
dk m (*drmS eH ypäad r rmao Xdaw rZÑEadS u umavr&Dpu d m zE´w/d oH-'k? 115) 'Dow
k f ygVd
tvkt d m;jzifh tdE, d´ Ekid if üH aEG&moD aemufq;Hk vwGif rGe;f wnft
h csdeaf vmufrmS ajrjyifrS xGuaf y:vmaom
tckd;taiGU taygif;\ tdrpf onf a&ponf toGijf zifh xifay:aeaom t&dyt f a&mifrQom jzpfw,f/

'D wHvyS Ef iS hf pyfí (tbd"Zr[m&|*k½)k rpk;d &drq

f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u trdeYf ½b
dS ;l wmuawmh ppfuidk ;f a½Tbdk
&xm;vrf; cufcESihf y'lbw l mwkYd \ tMum;rSm a&rsufBuD;tif;qkw
d m ½Swd ,f? tJ'D tif;jyifudk aEG&moDrmS vSn;f jzifh
jzwfomG ;pOfu tJ'D tif;xJu wHvyS rf mS teD;tyg;½Gmrsm;u tdrrf sm; xifay:aewmukd awGUjrifc&hJ bl;aMumif;
trdefY½Sdygw,f/
jrefrmhp,
G pf u
Hk sr;f (twGJ 5? ESm-162)rSm oJuEÅm&ukd jzwfoef;oGm;wJo h al wG[m tkad t;qpfEiS hf a0;uGmwJh
t&yfwiG f cyfvrS ;f vSr;f rSm pdr;f vef;pkjd ynfwhJ tdak t;qpfudk w&Hwcg awGUjrif&wwfaMumif;? tJ'D awGUjrif&wJh
ae&mokYd csOf;uyfomG ;a&mufwhJ tcgusawmh tkad t;qpfudk rawGU&awmhaMumif;? tJ'v D dk wu,f tkad t;qpfr[kwyf J
tkad t;qpftoGijf zifh xif&onfrmS wHvyS jf zpfaMumif;? tJ'v D dk wHvyS [
f m ork'&´ mxJüvJ oabFmrsm; rk;d ay:ysaH e
tewåvu©Pokwf 57

ouJoh Ydk xifay:wwfaMumif;? rufq;D em; a&vufMum;ü rufq;D em;ûrdUu wku d wf m taqmufttkrH sm;ESiw
hf uG
opfyifrsm; vlrsm; aumif;uifrmS ysaH eovkyd if wHvyS u
f dk &Hcg jrif&wwfaMumif;rsm;ukd jyqkx
d m;w,f/

(1329-ckEpS af vmufqu D rk;d &moD nOfth cgrSm a½Tw*d Hk

apwDawmf\t&dyf aumif;uifü xifay:aewmukad wGUMu&w,f?
"mwfyx Hk rJ mS atmufzufu yuwd apwDawmfyeHk YJ txufzufu
apwDawmf\ aZmufx;dk yku H dk awGU&w,f? tJ'aD pwDawmf aZmuf
xk;d yk[
H m rk;d zGtJ MunfxrJ mS t&dyx f ifaewm jzpfz, G ½f Sdygw,f?
tJ'gukv d J wHvyS wf rsKd;okYd ,l&rSmbJ/ rloefYa&;pOfü jznfph uG f
csuf/)

tJ'aD wmh wHvyS q

f w
dk m wu,ftppfr[kwyf J tdrpf onf a&ponftoGijf zifh xifay:aewJh t&dyt f a&mifb?J
orifpwJh awmaumifawGrmS awmh aEG&moDrmS a&awGtoGijf zifh awGUjrif&wJh tJ'D wHvyS ½f &dS mt&yfoYdk wu,f
a&xifNyD; aomufo;Hk bkYd csOf;uyf oGm;a&mufMuowJ?h tJ't D &yf a&mufomG ;awmh a&r½Sb d J uke;f acgifacgif
BuD;ukod m awGU&NyD; yifyef;Mu&aMumif;rsm;ukd usr;f *efrsm;rSm jyqkxd m;w,f/ tJ'aD wmh wHvyS q f w dk m a&r[kwyf J
a&okYd txifrmS ;apw,f? tdrpf onfr[kwyf J tdrpf onftaejzifh txifrmS ;apw,f/ tJ'gvkyd if onmuvJ jrif&
Mum;& awGU& od&wmawGudk vlbJ rde;f rbJ a,musmf ;bJ ponfjzifh tvGt J rSm;awGudk jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f awGUwkid ;f
odwidk ;f rSwpf x
JG m;w,f? tJ'D onmu rSwpf xJG m;wJth wkid ;f tvGt J rSm;awG wu,ft[kwt f rSev f Ydk xifjrifpv
JG rf;NyD;
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aeMuwmeJY wlaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh onmukd wHvyS ef YJ wlw,fvYdk qkw d mygbJ/

wHvyS ef YJ ww
l hJ onm&JU trSwt f pGrJ mS ;yku
H dk uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh odNyD;tJ'v D dk rqif;&JcsiMf u,ifawmh jrifwidk ;f
Mum;wkid ;f awGUwkid ;f odwidk ;f ½kyef mrfawGudk owdÓPfjzifh vku d Nf yD; rjywf½rI w
S af e&w,f? tJ'v D ½dk rI wS v
f Ydk orm"d
ÓPftm; aumif;vmwJhtcgusawmh odp&m½kyfeJY odwJhemrf 'D 2-yg;om xif½mS ;½Sad Mumif; od&w,f? tJ'u D aemuf
taMumif;eJY tusKd;rQom qufpyfvsuf jzpfaeaMumif;vJ od&w,f? tJ'u D aemuf ½Irw S w
f idk ;f ½Irw
S wf idk ;f od&wma&m
odwma&mcsujf cif; aysmufysuo f mG ;wmukod m uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh awGUNyD;od&w,f/

tJ'aD wmh t,ifu tNrJwnfaewJh yk*Kd¾ vf owå0g rde;f r a,musfm; twåaumif wu,f½w dS t
hJ aejzifh pGrJ w
S f
vmcJwh hJ onm[m wHvyS v f ydk if tvGt
J rSm;ukd odapvsuf vSnphf m;aewmbJ? trSeu f awmh cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJh
tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQom ½Sw d mbJvYdk trSet
f wkid ;f odjrifq;Hk jzwfEidk yf gw,f/ tJ'v
D dk odjrifyHk aqmify'k f
ukd qkMd u&r,f/

onmtrSwf wHvyS yf [ Hk ef? tedpb

ö J rNrJtrSe?f
jzpfysurf pJ qif;&Jyyl ef? tewå rSwMf u {0uef/

iSufaysmwkH;wlpG ocFg&

ocFg&m-ûyvkyt f m;xkwrf I ocFg&wkYd onf? u'vlyrm-iSuaf ysmwk;H ESihf wluek \ f / iSuaf ysmwk;H qkw d m yuwd
rsufjriftm;jzifh {&mropfw;Hk BuD;vkyd if tESp½f w dS t hJ ae ckid rf mwJt h aejzifh xif&w,f? 'gayrJh tJ'D iSuaf ysmwk;H BuD;ukd
"m;jzifh ckwv f ;DS NyD; tzwfawGudk cGgcGgMunf, h if tESpt f om;qkw d m bmrQrawGU&bl;? rckid rf mwJh aysmhzwfrsm;csnf;
awGU&w,f? tJ'D iSuaf ysmwk;H vkyd if ocFg&awGrmS vJ ckid rf mwJh tESpt f om; r½Syd gbl;wJ/h ocFg& qkw d mu apwem
trª;½SdwJh apwoduw f &m;uk,d f ig;q,f½w dS ,f? xif½mS ;wJh w&m;awGudk azmfjy&r,fq, dk if jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f
ponfrmS tm½ku H dk awGUawGUoGm;wJh zóvJ ocFg&bJ? jrifp&mponfudk ESv;Hk oGi;f wJh reodum& qkw d mvJ ocFg&bJ?
tm½küH pdwu f dk wnfNidraf tmifxm;wm pl;pku d w f mqkw d hJ {u*¾wm orm"dvJ ocFg&bJ? BuHw0hJ w d ufvJ ocFg&bJ?
qifjcifwhJ 0dpm&vJ ocFg&bJ? tm;xkww f hJ 0D&, d vJ ocFg&bJ? avmb a'go arm[ rme 'd|d 0dpu d pd mä qkwd mawGvJ
ocFg&bJ? tavmb ta'go tarm[ o'¨g owd (arwåm) u½kPm rk'w d m qkw d mawGvJ ocFg&bJ? uk, d tf rlt&m
EIwt f rlt&m pdwt f rl&mawGudk ûyvkyaf ewJh apwemqkw d muawmh tJ'D ocFg&awGxrJ mS tBuD;trª;acgif;aqmifb/J
tJ'aD wmh tJ'D ocFg&w&m;awG[m ta&twGut f m;jzifvh J rsm;w,f? olu ûyvkyaf qmif½u G af eykt
H m;jzifh uk, d Ef w
I f
pdwf trlt&m[lorQukd NyD;apwJt h wGuf olu tvGex f if½mS ;aeygw,f? trlt&m[lorQukd igu ûyvkyaf ew,fvkdY
xifrw S f pGv
J rf;aeMu&mrSm tJ'o D cFg&u t&if;cHb/J
tewåvu©Pokwf 58

'gaMumifh 'DocFg&u©Em¨ [m ckid rf mwJh tESpt f om; ½Sod vkyd if xif&ygw,f? tJ'v D dk xif&ayrJh ocFg&u©Em¨
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Hk adk wmh
jzpfcu
dk f ½kyef mrfw&m;awGudk rjywf½aI ewJh a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vfurS uk,
d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh odEidk w
f ,f/ odyuHk awmh--

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orm"dÓPftm; ½Sv d mwJt h cgusawmh oGm;csifwo hJ abmw&m;yg odvmw,f? tJ't D cgrSm oGm;csifw,fqw dk m
uav;vJ csujf cif;yif aysmufaysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? tJ'o D mG ;csiw
f mukd oGm;csiw
f phJ w
d vf Ydk ajymqkad e&ayrJh
trSeu f awmh apwemjy"mef;wJh ocFg&w&m;awGb?J tJ'aD pwemacgif;aqmifwhJ ocFg&awGu oGm;vku d f oGm;vku d yf Ydk
wkud w
f eG ;f aeovkd aphaqmfay;aewmbJ? tJ'v D dk aphaqmfay;aevkYd ajcaxmufudk <uvku d f vSr;f vku
d f csvku d ef YJ oGm;rI
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d 0f n
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tewåvu©Pokwf 60

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tewåvu©Pokwf 61

tewå-twåaumif r[kww f hJ oabmw&m;rQbJ qkw d mukv

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tewåvu©Pokwf 62

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f ,f/ olu Ekid rf mS ude;f aobJvYdk vJ wGucf suf
,lqxm;w,f? tJ'v D dk oltEkid &f wmukvd J vltrsm; odapcsifw,f/ 'gaMumifh a0omvDjynfu vdp0ä rD if;awGxH
oGm;NyD; olu ajymMum; bdwrf efw,f/ tJ'v D dk bdwrf ef&mrSmvJ olu tvGet f uRH êuH;0g;xm;csufawGvJ ½Syd gao;
w,f? tm;aumif;wJh vlu ok;d i,fuav;ukd tarG;qGNJ yD; a0SY&rf;vku d o
f vkd &[ef; a*gwrukd 0g'jzifh a0SY&rf;
vku
d rf ,f ponfjzifh tvGet f uRH êuH;0g;NyD; vma&mufem;axmifMubkYd bdwrf efw,f/ tJ't D cg vdp0ä rD if;om; ig;&m
uvJ olUaemufu vku d yf gvmMuw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m;xH a&mufwt hJ cgusawmh jyóemar;vkad Mumif; cGiahf wmif;NyD;awmh ]]t½Siaf *gwr[m wynfh
rsm;ukd b,fvq dk ;Hk rnTeMf um;aeygovJ? b,fvq dk ;Hk r nTeMf um;yku
H rsm;aeygovJ}}vkYd ar;w,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u
tewåvu©Pokwf 66

t½Sitf óZd ajzMum;vku d w f thJ wkid ;f yif ]]½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPf qkw
d hJ w&m;awG[m tedp-ö rNrJb;l ?
tewå-twåaumif r[kww f hJ oabmw&m;rQbJ}}vkYd qk;H rnTeMf um;aeaMumif;? tJ'v D dk qk;H rnTeMf um;yku
H
rsm;aeaMumif; ajzMum; rdeYfawmfryl gw,f/

tJ'aD wmh opöu y&dAZdk uf Oyrmwck ajymyg&ap qkNd yD;awmh 'Dv0dk g'wifNyD; ajymqkw d ,f? ]]t½Sif a*gwr
ADZ*grf blw*grfac:wJh rsKd;aph tyif[o l rQawG[m ajrBuD;ukrd í DS ajrBuD;ü wnfí jzpfygG ; pnfyifMu&ovkd wenf;
Oyrmtm;jzifh cGet f m;jzifh ûyvky&f wJh trIupd v
ö yk if ef; [lorQawGudk ûyvkyMf uvQif ajrBuD;ukd rSí D ajrBuD;ay:rSm
wnfí ûyvkyMf u&ovkyd if ½kyv f Qif twå txnfu, dk ½f adS om vly*k Kd¾ vfonf ½kyüf wnfí aumif;rIraumif;rIudk
ûy&jzpfygG ;ap&ygonf? a0'emvQif twå? onmvQiftwå? ocFg&vQiftwå? 0dnmPfvQiftwå txnfu, dk ½f adS om
vly*k Kd¾ vfonf a0'emü onmü ocFg&wkYd ü 0dnmPfü wnfí aumif;rI raumif;rIudk ûy&jzpfygG ;ap&ygonf}}vkYd
0g'wifNyD; ajymqkw d ,f/

qkv
d w
dk muawmh rsK;d aphrsm; opfyifrsm;[m ajrBuD;ukd rSND yD;aygufygG ; pnfyifMu&w,f r[kwv f m;? tifwudk f
tm;wku d f vky&f wJv h yk if ef;rsm;ukv
d J ajrBuD;ay:rSm wnfNyD; vky&f w,f r[kwv f m;? tJ'gawGvydk if aumif;rI
raumif;rI uHuv dk J ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfqw dk hJ twåaumif ½Sw d o
hJ u
l tJ't D wåurdk NDS yD; ûyvky&f ygw,f?
aumif;usKd; qk;d usKd;ukv
d J tJ't D wåuyif cHpm;&ygw,f? ½kyf a0'em onmocFg& 0dnmPfqw dk hJ cE¨mawG[m twå
r[kw, f if aumif;rI raumif;rIu b,f[mukd rSND yD; jzpfrvJ? aumif;usK;d qk;d usK;d ukd b,fou l cHpm;ygrnfvv J Ydk
qkdvkdygw,f/
ajrBuD;ukd Oyrmûyí jywJh 'D twå0g'ukd ajz½Si;f bkYd [m jrwfpmG bk&m;rSwyg; rnfonfh wynfo h m0urQ
rpGr;f Ekid b
f ;l ? jrwfpmG bk&m;omvQif ajz½Si;f Ekid w
f ,fvYdk t|uxmrSm zGijhf yxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;u
uk,
d af wmfwidk yf if ajz½Si;f awmfr&l ef 'Dvdk ar;awmfrw
l ,f/
t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? oifonf ]]½ky[
f m ig\ twå? a0'em[m ig\ twå? onm[m ig\ twå?
ocFg&wkYd [m ig\ twå? 0dnmPf[m ig\ twå}}vkdY qkdygovm;/
t½Siaf *gwr? uREkyf v
f J 'Dvdk qkyd gw,f? a[m'D vlrsm;pkuvJ 'Dvb
dk J qkyd gw,f/

]]t*¾ad 0óe tEG,0f if opöu? oif\ vlrsm;pku bmvkyrf vJ? oif[m rdr\ d 0g'ukdom ajz½Sif;yg}}vkdY
jrwfpmG bk&m;u wku d w
f eG ;f awmfryl gw,f/ opöu&JU &nf½,
G cf sufuawmh olUtwå0g'rSm tjypf½adS e,ifvrl sm;pkeYJ
rQcHbYdk &nf½, G w
f mygbJ? 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;u olU0g' trSm;ukd olwOD;wnf; cH,b l Ydk wku
d w
f eG ;f wmygbJ/
tJ'aD wmhrS opöu u ]]uREkyf o f nfyif ½ky[
f m ig\ twå? a0'em[m ig\ twå? onm[m ig\ twå? ocFg&
wkYd[m ig\ twå? 0dnmPf[m ig\ twå-vkdY qkdygw,f}}vkdY 0efcw H ,f/

tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]t*¾ad 0óe tEG,0f if opöu? yaoe'D aumovrif;ç tZmwowfrif;wkYd vdk
tmPmykid f bk&ifrif;[m olUykid ef uf Ekid if rH mS owfoifo h u
l dk owfzYdk ç 'Pfay;oifo
h u
l dk 'Pfay;zkYd ç ESix
f w
k o
f ifo
h u
l dk
wkid ;f jynfrS ESix
f w
k zf Ydk ç tvkt
d wkid ;f tpk;d &w,f r[kwv
f m;}}vkYd ar;awmfrwl ,f/

]]tmPmykid f bk&ifrif;[m tpk;d &ygw,f? a[m'Du trsm;qE´jzifh tkycf sKyfwhJ vdp0ä rD if;awGawmif olwYdk
ykid w
f hJ Ekid if rH mS owfzYdk ç 'Pfay;zkYd ç ESix
f w
k zf Ydk &m tpk;d ykid Mf u tpk;d &Muygw,f}}vkYd opöu u ajzqkw
d ,f/ tJ'g[m
olU 0g'tay: a&mufvmrnfh tjypfudk rjrifwt hJ wGuf tar;xuf ykNd yD; ajzvkud w f mygbJ/

tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]]t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? oifu ½ky[ f m ig\ twå-[k qkw d ,f? tJ'½D yk üf
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ar;awmfrw
l ,f/

tJ'aD wmh opöuy&dAZdk Bf uD;rSm ajzbkYd &m cufaew,f? twå0g'u uk, d t

hf vktd wkid ;f tpk;d &w,fqw dk hJ 0g'bJ?
a½SUykid ;f rsm;u xyfum xyfum ajymcJw h hJ omrDtwåpJG qk&d mrSm tvkt
d wkid ;f tpk;d &w,fvYdk xifrw S f pGv
J rf;wm[m
'Dtwåudk pGv J rf;wmbJ/ 'Dae&mrSm tmPmykid f rif;awGu olUykid ef ufudk tpk;d &w,fqw dk hJ taMumif;ukvd J 0efcx H m;NyD;
jzpfaew,f/ twåvYdk xifrw S f pGv J rf;xm;wJh ½kyüf tvktd wkid ;f tpk;d &ygw,fvYdk 0efc&H rvkd jzpfaew,f/ tJ'v D dk
tewåvu©Pokwf 67

0efcv
H u
dk ,
f if oifh uk, d ½f yk u
f dk vdp0ä rD if;om;ysKduav;rsm;&JU ½kyu
f ,
dk v
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ar;p&m ½Sv d mvdrrhf ,f/ tpk;d r&ygvkYd ajzvku d , f ifvJ ½ky[f m tpk;d r&wJt h wGuf twå r[kwb f ;l vkYd 0efc&H m
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jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'kw,d wBudrv f J enf;wlyif xyfNyD; ar;awmfrw

l ,f/ tJ'aD wmhvJ opöu y&dAZdk Bf uD;utajz
ray;yJ qdwq f w d af yaewmbJ/ tJ't
D cg jrwfpmG bk&m;u ar;awmfrrlao;yJ opöutm; owday;pum; rdeYf Mum;awmf
rlygw,f/ ]]t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? ,cktcg ajzyg? rajzyJ qdwq f w
d af yae&rnft
h cg r[kwaf wmhb;l ?
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l
OD;acgif;[m þ ae&müyif ckepfpw d f uGo
J mG ;wwfw,f}}vkYd owday;pum; rdeYf Mum;awmfryl gw,f/

tJ'tD cg (0Zd& ac:) 0&Zdev

f ufeuf pGu J idk vf suf½w
dS hJ ewfbv
D ;l u ]]opöu y&dAZdk &f UJ acgif;ay:rSmwnfvsuf
½Sad eygowJ?h rajzyJ ayae,if 0&Zdev f ufeufjzifh olUacgif;ukd ypfcaJG wmhrnft h aejzifh tJ'D bDv;l wnfaewmukd
jrwfpmG bk&m;ESihf opöuom jrifawGU&w,f/ tjcm; olawGuawmh rjrif&bl; wJ/h ,ckumv tcsKUd wapäacsmuf&mrSm
tacsmufc&H wJh olom jrif&NyD; tjcm; olawGteD;rSm ½Sad eygvsuf rjrif&wmrsKd; jzpfrmS aygh/ tJ'aD wmh opöu u
tvGeaf MumufvefYNyD; olUy&dowfval wG Munhv f udk af wmhvJ tajcrysuf wnfaewmukd jrif&wJt h wGuf tjcm;olawG
rjrif&aMumif;vJ od&w,f? olUukd ewfbv D ;l u acsmufveS Yf aevkYd aMumufwmeJY jrwfpmG bk&m; tvkv d udk Nf yD; ajz&
ygw,fvYdk ajymbkYd &mvJ cufaew,f/ 'gaMumifh tjcm; tm;uk;d p&m r½Sw d t hJ wGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;omvQif tm;uk;d p&m
½Swd ,fqwdk mvJ oabmaygufNyD;awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; ]]t½Sif a*gwr ar;awmfryl g? ajzygawmhr,f}}vkYd 0efcH
avQmufxm;w,f/ tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u--

]]t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? xk[

d mukd b,fvxdk ifovJ? oifu ½ky[ f m ig\ twåvYdk qkwd ,f? tJ'½D yk üf
]ig\ ½kyo f nf þokYd jzpfygap? ig\ ½kyo
f nf þokYd rjzpfygapvif}h [k oif\ tvkt
d wkid ;f tpk;d &yg&JUvm;}}vkYd
ar;awmfryl gw,f/

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a½SUpum;eJY rnDnw G yf J wvGpJ D jzpfomG ;wmaygh/ a½SUpum;uawmh ½ky[ f m ol\ twåvYdk qkcd w
hJ ,f? twå[w k v
f Qif
uk,
d thf wåu, dk f tpk;d & &rSmaygh/ aemuftajzpum;uawmh tpk;d r&ygbl; wJ/h tpk;d r&bl;qkad wmh tJ'½D yk [ f m rdr\ d
twGi;f om; txnfudk twåaumif r[kwyf gbl;vkYd 0efc&H m a&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'v D dk a½SUaemuf rnDwt hJ wGuf
jrwfpmG bk&m;u owday;wJh taejzifh zdEydS Nf yD; 'Dvdk rdeYf awmfryl gw,f/

]]t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? owdûy ESv;Hk oGi;f yg? owdûy ESv;Hk oGi;f NyD; ajzyg? oif\ aemufpum;[m
a½SUpum;ESihf rqufpyf rnDnw G b
f ;l ? a½SUpum;[mvJ aemufpum;ESihf rqufpyf rnDnw G b f ;l / t*¾ad 0óe
tEG,0f if opöu? xk[d mukd b,fvdk xifovJ? oifu a0'em[m ig\ twåvYdk qkw d ,f? tJ'D a0'emü ]]ig\
a0'emonf þokYd jzpfygap? ig\ a0'emonf þokYd rjzpfygapvif}h }[k oif\ tvkt d wkid ;f tpk;d &yg&JUvm;/

þokdY tpkd;&jcif; r½Sdyg t½Sif a*gwr vkdY opöu u

ajzygw,f/

'D a0'em ar;cGe;f rSmvkyd if onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwYdkudk ar;&mrSmvJ owday; zdEydS pf um;ukd rdeYf Mum;NyD;
enf;wlyif ar;awmfryl gw,f/ opöu uvJ enf;wlyif tpk;d r&aMumif; ajzygw,f/

tJ'uD aemuf ½ky[ f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;vkYd vJ ar;ygw,f/ rNrJygvkYd ajzygw,f/ rNrJww hJ &m;[m
'kuv © m; okcvm; vkYd vJ ar;ygw,f/ 'kuy© gvkYd ajzygw,f/ rNrJwhJ qif;&JwhJ azmufjyefjcif;oabm½Sw d hJ w&m;ukd
ighOpömbJ? igbJ? igh twåbv J Ydk xifjrifpv
JG rf;&ef oifyh grnfvm;vkYd vJ ar;awmfryl gw,f/ roifah Mumif; ajzygw,f/
½kyüf ar;ovkyd if a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwYdk üvJ enf;wlyifar;í enf;wlyif ajzygw,f/ tJ'u D aemuf
'Dvv dk J xyfNyD; ar;pdppfawmfrjl yefygw,f/

]]t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? xk[ d mukd b,fvdk xifovJ? wpkw H a,mufom tMuifoo l nf ½kyef mrfcE¨m
qif;&Judk Nidw, G v
f suf yl;uyfvsuf rsKdord ;f xm;ouJo h Ydk qkyu f idk v
f suf ,if; ½kyef mrfqif;&Juydk if ighOpömbJ? igbJ?
ightwåbv J Ydk xifjrifpv
JG rf;aew,f qk,
d if/ tJ'v D dk xifjrifpvJG rf;aewJo h [
l m qif;&Judk uk, d wf idk f ykid ;f jcm; odEidk yf gh
tewåvu©Pokwf 68

rvm;? qif;&Judk ukeaf pvsuf aeEkid yf ghrvm;vkYd vJ ar;awmfryl gw,f/ 'D tar;uawmh tvGef eufeyJ gw,f?
jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f awGUwkid ;f odwidk ;f 'Gg& 6-yg;u xifay:aewJh ½kyef mrfcE¨mawGudk ESpo f ufw, G w
f m aewJo h ?l
igbJ ighOpömbJ ightwåbv J Ydk xifjrifpvJG rf;aewJo
h [ l m tJ'½D yk ef mrfawGudk qif;&Jbv J Ydk odyghrvm;? tJ'D ½kyef mrf
qif;&JawGudk ukeakf pEkid yf ghrvm; uif;apEkid yf ghrvm;vkYd qkv d ydk gw,f/ opöuy&dAZdk uf tar;tm;avsmfpmG ajzMum;yg
w,f? ajzyku H awmh t½Siaf *gwr tJ'v D dk qif;&JreS u
f dk odjcif;ç qif;&Judk ukeaf pEkid jf cif;[m b,frmS jzpfEidk yf ghrvJ?
rjzpfEidk yf gbl; t½Siaf *gwr-vkYd ajzMum;ygw,f/

t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? 'Dvdk qk, d if oif[m ½kyef mrfcE¨m qif;&Judk Nidw,
G af eol yl;uyfaeol rsKdord ;f
xm;oluo hJ Ydk qkyu
f idk x
f m;ol rjzpfaybl;vm;? tJ'D ½kyef mrfqif;&Judk igbJ ightwåbJ ighOpömbJvYdk xifjrifpv JG rf;
aeol rjzpfaybl;vm;vkYd vJ ar;awmfryl gw,f/ opöu y&dAZdk Bf uD;u b,frmS rjzpfyJ ½Syd ghrvJ? tJ'D twkid ;f yif
jzpfaeygw,f t½Siaf *gwr vkYd ajzMum;ygw,f/

opöuy&dAZdk Bf uD;[m rlvuawmh olUt,leYJ ol twå0g'ukd tvGeyf if txifBuD;cJw h ,f? b0ifjrifNh yD;
tBuD;tus,f tvGet f uRH êuH;0g;cJw
h ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u ar;pdppfwhJ tcgusawmh tukev
f ;Hk rSeyf g bk&m;vkYd csnf;
ajzqk&d awmhwmbJ? olUtwå0g'[m wcgxJA;Hk Ak;H vJ ½I;H oGm;&awmhwmbJ/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;u olUrmeukd
usqif;ap&eftwGuf 'Dvdk Oyrmjzifv h J qk;H rawmfryl gw,f/

t*¾ad 0óetEG,0f if opöu? Oyrmjzifh azmfjy&vQi-f opfom;tESpu f dk tvk½d w dS hJ ol[m awmxJoYdk oGm;NyD;
½Smaomtcg iSuaf ysmyifBuD;ukd awGU&í tESp½f v dS rd rhf nf txifjzifh xkid uS af ysmyifBuD;ukd t&if;ujzwfNyD; tzsm;uvJ
jzwfw,f? NyD;awmh tJ'D iSuaf ysmwk;H BuD;\ tzwfawGudk cGgMunfw h t hJ cg tESpu f dk rqkx d m;bd tumukad wmif
rawGU&bJ ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'D Oyrmvkyd if oif\ twå0g'rSm igar;ppfMunfw h t hJ cg tESprf hJ Avmtcsnf;ES;D om jzpfaewm
ukd awGU&w,f/ oif[m a0omvDûrdYxrJ mS y&dowftv,fü 'Dvdk êuH;0g;ajymqkcd w hJ ,f r[kwv f m;-igu rdr0d g'jzifh
olU0g'ukd ûydiq f idk af jymqkv
d u
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f [
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&[ef;oljrwf *kP d ;f q&mukd rawGUbl;ao;? t&[H or®morÁK'¨b&k m;ygvkYd 0efcaH eonfh xko d Ydk aom yk*Kd¾ vfudk
rawGUbl;ao;? pdwaf pwemr½Sw d hJ wkid u
f adk wmifrS igu 0g'jzifh ûydiq f idk af jymqkd vku d vf Qif ,dr;f ,kid f wkev f yI f
oGm;rSmbJ? vlom;yk*Kd¾ vfq, dk ifawmh ajymbG,rf ½Syd gbl;vkYd þokYd êuH;0g;ajymqkcd w hJ ,f r[kwv f m;/ t*¾ad 0óe
tEG,0f if opöu? oif\ ezl;rS xGuw f hJ acR;ayguftcsKdU[m oif\ tay:½kt H 0wfudk azmufNyD; ajrBuD;ay:rSm
usvsuw f nfaeMuw,f/ ig\ uk, d x f rJ mS awmh ,cktcg acR;r½Syd gbl;vkYd trdeYf ½NdS yD;awmh acR;r½Sad Mumif; trsm;
od&atmif uk, d tf enf;i,fudk zGijhf yawmfryl gowJ/h

tJ'D tcg opöu y&dAZdk Bf uD;[m jyefvnfacsyp&m bmrQr½Sw d t

hJ wGuf rsufEmS i,fum ESv;Hk romjzpfNyD;awmh
yck;H ESihf acgif;iku
d q
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f sum ikYH vsuf BuHridI af e½SmygowJ/h tJ't d o
hJ u
l
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dk yf gw,f/
tJ'aD wmh 'krK® c qkw d hJ vdp0ä D rif;om;u 'Dvdk Oyrmukd ajymygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; ½Gmed*;Hk eJY rvSr;f rurf; t&yfrmS a&uefwck ½Syd gw,f/ tJ'D uefrmS (uuú# qkw d )hJ ykZeG v
f ;Hk
vkYd vJ ac:wJh *Pef;aumifwaumif ½Syd gw,f/ tJ'½D mG ed*;Hk rS xGuv f mMuwJh vli,f vl½, G af wG[m tJ'D a&uef
a&mufvmMuygw,f? tJ'aD &uefxrJ S *Pef;aumifudk xkwq f ,fNyD; uke;f jyifrS wifxm;Muygw,f/ tJ'D *Pef;
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tewåvu©Pokwf 69

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tewåvu©Pokwf 70

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tewåvu©Pokwf 71

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d mod,if? 'ku-© qif;&Jb?J tewå-
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tewåvu©Pokwf 80

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tewåvu©Pokwf 82

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rawmfwmawG rSwpf NJG yD; ESyd pf ufwwfvYdkvJ qif;&Jbv J Ydk 'Dvv dk oJ &d w,f? wykw H nf;wnfaewmr[kwyf J ajymif;vJ
azmufjyefwwfwhJ oabmbJvYdk vo J &d w,f/ tJ'v D dk od&wJt h wGuf rSwo f m;rIonmukd aumif;wJh csrf;omtaejzifh
ESpo
f ufz, G rf ½Sb
d ;l ? tNrJwnf½adS ewJh rSwÓ f Pftaejzifh *kP, f b l ,G rf mefwufz,G vf J r½Sb
d ;l ? wBuHw h nf;wnfaewJh
twåaumiftaejzifv h J ,lqpGv J rf;bG,rf ½Sb d ;l vkYd odjrifoabmusaeygw,f? 'gaMumifh yOö0*¾&D [ef;awmfrsm;u
igh[mbJ? igbJ? ightwåbv J Ydk ½Ijrifxifrw S &f ef roifah Mumif; ajzqkad vQmufxm;MuwmygbJ/ tJ'aD r;cGe;f t&
bke;f BuD;uvJ ar;Munfrh ,f? oabmuswt hJ wkid ;f ajzMu&r,f/

(1) y&dowfwYdk? rSwo

f m;rIonm[m NrJovm; rNrJovm;?
(rNrJygbk&m;)/

(2) rNrJwm[m qif;&Jvm; csr;f omvm;? (qif;&Jygbk&m;)?

rNrJwm[m aumif;wmvm; raumif;wmvm;?
(raumif;wmygbk&m;)/

(3) rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfwhJ w&m;ukd 'g

igh[mbJvYdk xifrw S Nf yD; om,mESpo
f uf&ef oifyh ghrvm;?
(roifyh gbk&m;)? 'g[m igbJvYdk xifrw S Nf yD; rmefwuf
&efaum oifyh ghrvm;? (roifyh gbk&m;)? 'g[m igh twåbv J Ydk
xifrw S Nf yD; ,lqpGv
J rf;&efaum oifyh ghrvm;?
(roifyh gbk&m;)/

'Dtar;[m rNrJqif;&J azmufjyefaewJh onmukd igh[mbJç igbJvYdk wPSmrmejzifh rpGv J rf;&atmif?

ykxZk OfrmS qk,
d if twå'|d jd zifv h J rpGv
J rf;&atmifvYdk ar;wmygbJ/ onmtaMumif;uawmh 'gavmufq, dk if
awmfawmfjynfph o Hk mG ;ygNyD/ ,ck ocFg&wkYd EiS hf pyfNyD;a[mxm;wJh pum;&yfudk ½Si;f jy&r,f/

jyKvkyfrIocFg&wkdY rNrJykHponfukd jyqkdcsuf

ocFg&m edpmö 0g tedpmö 0gwd/ tedpmö baEÅ/

,H yemedpHö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'ku©H baEÅ/

,H yemedpHö 'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyód-

wkH ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH
baEÅ/

ocFg&m-ûyvkyf tm;xkwrf oI cFg&wkYd onf? edpmö 0g-NrJMuoavm? tedpmö 0g-rNrJMuoavm? £wd-þokdY

ar;awmfr\
l / tedpmö baEÅ-rNrJMuyg t½Sibf &k m; wJh/
tewåvu©Pokwf 83

ocFg&-ûyvkyt f m;xkwrf q I wdk m uk, d tf rlt&m EIwt f rlt&m pdwt f rlt&mawG jzpfatmif ûyvkyt f m;xkwf
aewJh oabmw&m;awGygbJ? w&m;uk, d t
f m;jzifh apwem trª;½Sw d hJ apwoduf 50 jzpfaMumif; a½SUykid ;f uvJ ajymcJh
ygNyD/ 'DocFg&u tvGeu f s,fjyefYygw,f? oGm;jcif; &yfjcif; xkid jf cif; avsmif;jcif; auG;jcif; qefYjcif; vIy½f mS ;jcif;
paom uk, d t
f rlt&mawG jzpfatmifvJ 'DocFg&awGu wku d wf eG ;f NyD; ûyvkyaf ewmbJ? ajymqkw d hJ EIwt f rlt&m
jzpfatmifvJ olu wku d w f eG ;f ûyvkyaf ewmbJ? ,ck bke;f BuD; ajymqkad ewmvJ tJ'o D cFg&u wku d w f eG ;f ûyvkyaf y;ae
vkYd ygbJ? 'Dvadk jymvkud f 'Dv½dk w G vf u dk pf onfjzifh pum;vk;H wkid ;f pum;vk;H wkid ;f ajymrI ½Gwq f rdk I jzpfatmif olu
wkud w f eG ;f aew,f? pdwu f ;l BuHpnfrI trsKd;rsKd;jzpfatmifvJ 'DocFg&u wku d wf eG ;f ûyvkyaf ewmbJ/

'gayrJh yuwdval wGuawmh ,ckajymcJw h hJ uk, d tf rlt&m EIwt f rlt&m pdwt f rlt&mawGudk igubJ
vkyaf ew,f? tJ'v D dk ûyvkyaf ewJh ig[m tNrJwnf½adS ew,fvYdk xifrw S af eMuw,f/ azmif;w,f ydew f ,f ponfjzifh
rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh tJ'v D dk ½IrwS , f if; pdwt f rlt&m wpkw H ckjzpfvm,if tJ'pD w d t
f rlt&mukd ½Irw S f
&w,f? avmbeJY wGNJ yD;jzpfwhJ apwemu ESpo f uf vkcd sifwt hJ aeç tJ'D vkcd sifwm&atmif ½SmBuHbYdk wku d w
f eG ;f wJh
taeeJY jzpfvmw,f? tJ'gukd ESpo f ufw,f vkcd sifw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/ a'goeJYwjJG zpfwt hJ cg
pdwqf ;dk wJt
h aeç jypfrmS ;wJt h aeeJY jzpfvmw,f? tJ'gukd pdwq f ;dk w,f jypfrmS ;w,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/
arm[ acgif;aqmifNyD; jzpfwt hJ cg tvGt J rSm;awGudk ûyvkyzf Ydk BuHpnfwu dk w
f eG ;f w,f? tJ'gukd BuHw,f ponfjzifh
½Irw
S Nf yD; od&w,f/ rmeeJYwNJG yD;jzpfwt hJ cg uk, d u hf ,dk u
f dk txifBuD;wuf<uapNyD;jzpfw,f? tJ'gukd txifBuD;w,f
ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/ £óm rpä&, d wkYd EiS hf wGNJ yD;jzpfwthJ cg remvkw d t
hJ aeç 0efww dk thJ aeeJYjzpfw,f?
tJ'gukd remvkb d ;l 0efww dk ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/

o'¨geJYwNJG yD;jzpfwt hJ cg bk&m; w&m; oHCm ponfudk Munfñw dk t hJ ae ,kMH unfwt

hJ aeeJY BuHw,f?
½Scd ;dk vku
d f ylaZmfvu dk f ponfjzifh wku d w f eG ;f vsuf jzpfw,f? tJ'gukd Munfñw dk ,f ponfjzifh ½IrwS Nf yD;od&w,f/
tukov dk u
f raumif;usKd; ay;wwfw,f? tJ't D rIudk rûyeJYvYdk jrpfwm;wJt h aeeJYvJ jzpfwwfw,f? ukov dk uf
aumif;usKd;ay;wwfw,f? tJ't D rIudk ûy&r,fvYdk wku d w f eG ;f wJt
h aeeJYvJ jzpfwwfw,f? jzpfyaHk wGuawmh tvGef
us,fjyefYygw,f? tJ'v D dk jzpfay:vmwJh pdwt f rlt&mawGuv dk J ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/ owdeYJ wNJG yD; jzpfwt hJ cg 'DuaeY
'Dtcsderf mS b,fvu dk o
k v dk ûf y&r,f ponfjzifh owd&NyD; jzpfwwfw,f? tJ'gvJ jzpfyaHk wG tus,fBuD;ygbJ? tJ'v D dk
pdwt f rlt&mukv d J ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/ arwåmeJYwjJG zpfwt hJ cg csrf;omapcsifw,f? olwyg; csrf;omatmif b,fvdk
vky&f r,f ponfjzifh wku d w
f eG ;f BuHpnfvsuf jzpfwwfw,f? u½kPmeJYwjJG zpfwt hJ cg oem;vsujf zpfwwfw,f?
olwyg; qif;&JrS vGwaf tmif b,fvv dk yk &f r,f ponfjzifh wku d wf eG ;f BuHpnfvsuf jzpfwwfw,f? tJ'v D dk pdwt f rl
t&mawGuv dk J ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/

azmif;w,f ydew f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; anmif;wm ylwm ponf ay:vmwJt h cg anmif;w,f?
ylw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D ½dk rI w
S af e,if; auG;vku d f qefYvu dk f ûyjyifvu dk f ponfjzifh wku d w f eG ;f BuHpnf
rIawG jzpfvmw,f? tJ'gawGuv dk J ½Irw S Nf yD; od&w,f/ acgif;ikYH vu dk f armhvu dk f a½SUwk;d vku d f aemufqw k vf udk f
ponfjzifh wku d w
f eG ;f BuHpnfraI wGvJ jzpfvmw,f? xNyD; vrf;avQmufvu dk f ponfjzifh wku d w f eG ;f BuHpnfraI wGvJ
jzpfvmwmbJ? tJ'gawG[m uk, d t f rlt&mûybkYd wku d w
f eG ;f wJh ocFg&awGb?J tJ'v D dk wku d w
f eG ;f rIawGuv dk J ½IrwS Nf yD;
od&w,f/ b,fvadk jym&r,f ponfjzifh wku d wf eG ;f BuHpnfraI wGvJ jzpfvmw,f? txl;tm;jzifh ,ckvdk ajymqkad ewJh
tcgrSm b,fvadk jym b,fvadk jymeJY wku d wf eG ;f BuHpnfraI wG rjywfjzpfaew,f? tJ'v D dk wkud wf eG ;f BuHpnfraI wGuv dk J
½Irw
S Nf yD; od&wmbJ/
'gaMumifh rjywf½rI wS af ewJh a,m*D[m tJ'v D dk wkud w
f eG ;f BuHpnfrI ocFg&awG jzpfay:vmNyD; csufjcif;
aysmufaysmuf oGm;wmukd awGU&wJt h wGuf ûyvkyt
f m;xkwrf I ocFg&awG rNrJb;l qkw
d mukd uk,
d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odjrif
oabmusaew,f/ yOö0*¾D &[ef;awmf t½Sijf rwfawG[mvJ tJ'v D dk odjrifoabmusNyD; aomwmyefvjJ zpfaeMuw,f?
tJ'D w&m;emaeqJrmS zó apwem reodum& o'¨g owd tp½Sad om ocFg&w&m;wkYd cPrpJ jzpfysufaewmukd
awGU&NyD; rNrJb;l qkw
d mvJ xyfNyD; awGUjrifaeMu&w,f? 'gaMumifh ]]ocFg&awG NrJMuoavm rNrJMuoavm}} qkw d hJ
tar;ukd ]]rNrJMuygbk&m;}}vkYd ajzMuygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh--

ye-xkYd jyif? ,H-tMuifw&m;onf? tedp-Hö rNrJ? wH-xkrd NrJaom w&m;onf? 'kuH© 0g-qif;&Javm? okcH 0g-
csr;f omavm? £wd-þokYd ar;awmfr\ l / 'kuH© baEÅ-qif;&Jygt½Sib f &k m;/ 'guawmh a½S;u tar;tajzrsm;eJY
xyfwrl Ydk xif½mS ;aeygNyD/
tewåvu©Pokwf 84

ye-xkrd wS yg;? ,H-tMuifw&m;onf? tedp-Hö rNrJ? 'ku-H© qif;&Jwnf;? 0dy&dPmr"r®-H ajymif;vJazmufjyefjcif;

oabm½Sd\? wH-xkd rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJazmufjyefwwfaom w&m;uk?d {wH rr-þt&m[m ighOpöm? {aom t[H
to®d-þt&m[m igjzpfonf? {aom ar twåmwd-þt&m[m ightwå[lí? orEkyódwkH-½Ijrifxifrw S jf cif;iSg?
uv’H Ek-xku d w
f efoifah vsmfygrnfavm? £wd-okYd ar;awmfr\
l / aem a[wH baEÅ-xko d Ydk ½&I ef rxku d w
f ef
roifhavsmfyg t½Sifbk&m;wJh/

'Dtar;tajzvJ a½S;ueJY xyfwyl gbJ? xl;jcm;wmuawmh ûyvkyw f wfwhJ ocFg&taeeJYwPSmpGJ rmepGJ

'd|pd rJG sm; jzpfyEHk iS hf tJ't
D pGrJ sm;uif;yku
H dk em;vnfbYdk avmufyJ ajymp&m txl;½Syd gw,f/ ½kyef mrfawGudk jzpfwidk ;f
ysufwidk ;f vku d Nf yD; r½IEikd wf hJ yuwdval wGu apwem trª;½Sw d hJ 'DocFg&w&m;awGudk aumif;w,fxifNyD;awmh
ESpof ufom,maeMuw,f? b,fvBdk uH b,fvv dk yk af ewmu aumif;w,fponfjzifh ESpo f ufom,m aeMuwmygbJ?
tJ'g[m wPSmpGb J /J tJ'vD dk ûyvkyw f mukd ightvkyyf ?J igu olrsm;xufprG ;f w,f ponfjzifv h J txifBuD;aewwf
Muw,f? tJ'g[m rmepGb J /J oGm;jcif; &yfjcif; xkid jf cif; auG;jcif; qefYjcif; vIy½f mS ;jcif;paom uk, d t f rlt&mawGudk
ûywm[m igbJ? iguûyvkyaf ewmbJ? ajymqkw d mvJ igbJ igu ajymqkad ewmbJ? BuHpnfwmvJ igbJ? igu
BuHaewmbJ? jrifatmif Mum;atmif Munfw h m em;axmifwmvJ igbJ? igubJ Munfah ew,f em;axmifaew,f
ponfjzifh 'Dvv dk J xifjrifpv JG rf;aeMuw,f? tJ'g[m twå'|d pd b JG ?J ûyvkyo
f tl aewJh pGv
J rf;rI jzpfwthJ wGuf tJ'gukd
um&u twåpv JG Ykd ac:&w,f? tJ'geJYqidk w f hJ aqmify'k u f dk qkMd u&r,f/

uk,
d Ef w
I pf w
d f trlt&m[lorQukd igaumifuyif
ûyvkyo
f nf[k xifwmu um&utwåp/JG

'Dvdk ûyvkywf wfwhJ igaumif[m rdru d , dk x

f rJ mS tNrJwnf½adS ew,fvYkd vJ xifrw
S pf v
JG rf; aeMuw,f? tJ'gu
ed0goDtwåpb
JG ?J tJ'geJYpyfwhJ aqmify'k u
f v
dk J qkMd u&r,f/
uk,
d xf rJ mS tNrJwrf; wnfaewJh igaumif½o
dS nf[k
xifwmu ed0goDtwåp/JG
uk,
d x f rJ mS tNrJwrf; wnf½adS ewJh tJ'iD gaumifu olomG ;csif,ifomG ;w,f? ol&yfcsif,if &yfw,f? ol
xkid cf sif,if xkid w f ,f? ol auG;csif qefYcsif,if auG;w,f qefYw,f? ol ajymcsi, f if ajymw,f? olBuHcsi, f if
BuHw,f ponfjzifh tvk½d w dS idk ;f tpk;d &wJh taeeJYvJ xifrw
S f pGv
J rf;aeMuw,f? tJ'gu omrDtwåpbJG ?J tJ'geJYpyfwhJ
aqmify'k u f vdk J qkMd u&r,f/

uk,
d x
f rJ mS tvkt
d wkid ;f tpk;d &wJh igaumif½o
dS nf[k
xifwmu omrDtwåp/JG

jzpfq½J yk ef mrfawGudk rjywf½aI ewJh a,m*Duawmh uk, d Ef w

I pf wd f trlt&mawGuûdk y&ef BuHpnftm;xkww f idk ;f
BuHw,f Munfch siw f ,f em;axmifcsiw f ,f auG;csiw f ,f qefYcsiw f ,f jyifcsiwf ,f xcsiw f ,f oGm;csiw f ,f
ajymcsiw f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; csujf cif;yif aysmufaysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? tJ'v D dk awGU&wJth wGuf
ûycsiw f m ûyvkyw f m ajymqkw d mawG[m cPrpJ jzpfysuaf evkYd rNrJwmawGb?J rNrJvYdkEpS o f ufz, G f tm;uk;d zG,rf ½Sw
d hJ
qif;&JawGbv J Ydk uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odjrifq;Hk jzwfEidk w
f ,f? 'gaMumifh igh[mtaeeJY xifrw S Nf yD; ESpo
f ufp&mvJ
r[kwfbl;? igtaeeJY rmefwufp&mvJ r½Sb d ;l ? ig\twåaumiftaeeJY xifjrif,q l p&mvJ r½Sb d ;l vkYd oabmayguf
odjrifaeygw,f/ yOö0*¾&D [ef;awmf t½Sijf rwfrsm;uvJ tJ'v D dk odjrifNyD;awmh aomwmyefvJ jzpfaeMuw,f? tJ'D
w&m;emaepOftwGi;f BuHpnfûyvkyrf aI wG jzpfysuaf ewmukv d J awGU&w,f? 'gaMumifh ]]rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJazmufjyef
wwfwhJ w&m;ukd igh[mbJ igbJ ightwåbv J Ydk xifjrif,ql &ef roifyh gbk&m;}}vkYd ajzMuygw,f/ 'DocFg&eJYpyfNyD;
bke;f BuD;uvJ ar;Munfrh ,f? oabmuswt hJ wkid ;f ajzMu&r,f/

(1) y&dowfwYdk? ûyvkyt f m;xkwrf [

I m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? ûy&efBuHwm NrJovm; rNrJ
ovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;) auG;csiw f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? qefYcsiw
f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJyg
bk&m;)? ûyjyifcsiw
f mNrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? xcsiw
f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? oGm;csiw f m
ajc<ucsiwf m vSr;f csiwf m cscsiwf m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;) jyefvnS chf siw
f m &yfcsiw
f m xkid cf siwf m
tewåvu©Pokwf 85

NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? Munfch siw f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? ajymcsiw

f m NrJovm;
rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)? pm;csiw
f m 0g;csiw
f m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? (rNrJygbk&m;)/

(2) rNrJwm[m qif;&Jvm; csr;f omvm;? (qif;&Jygbk&m;)? rNrJwm[m aumif;wmvm; raumif;wmvm;?

(raumif;wmyg bk&m;)/

(3) rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfww hJ &m;ukd 'g igh[mbJvYdkxifrw

S Nf yD; om,mESpo
f uf&ef oifyh gh
rvm; (roifyh gbk&m;)? 'g[m igbJvYdk xifrw S Nf yD; rmefwuf&efaum oifyh ghrvm;? (roifyh gbk&m;) 'g[m ightwå
bJvYdk xifrw
S Nf yD; ,lqpGv
J rf;&efaum oifyh ghrvm;? (roifyh gbk&m;)/

'Dtar;[m ûyvky&f ef BuHwo hJ cFg&ukd ightBuHbçJ igBuHEidk w

f mbJvYdk xifrw
S Nf yD; wPSmjzifçh rmejzifh rpGv
J rf;
&atmifvYdk ? ykxZk OfrmS qk,
d if twå'|d jd zifv
h J rpGv
J rf;&atmifvYdk ar;wmbJ/ ocFg&taMumif;uawmh 'gavmufq, dk if
awmfawmfem;vnfavmufygNyD? ,ck 0dnmPfEiS phf yfNyD; a[mxm;wJph um;&yfudk ½Si;f jy&r,f/

pdwf0dnmPf rNrJykHponfukd jyqkdcsuf

0dnmPH edpHö 0g tedpHö 0gwd/ tedpHö baEÅ/

,H yemedp?Hö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'ku©H baEÅ/

,H yemedpHö 'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH

orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/
aem a[wH baEÅ/
0dnmPH-pdwf 0dnmPfonf? edpHö 0g-NrJoavm? tedpHö 0g-rNrJoavm? £wd-þokYd ar;awmfr\
l / tedpHö
baEÅ-rNrJygt½Sib
f &k m;/
0dnmPfqw dk m pdwyf gbJ? Armtok;H tEIe;f uawmh 0dnmPfvYdk ok;H avhr½So d avmufygbJ? pdwv f Ydk omajymavh
½SMd uygw,f? apwem avmb a'goponfwYdk t&mrSmvJ Armu pdwv f Ydk bJ ajymqkad vh½MdS uygw,f? pdwu f jy"mef;vJ
jy"mef;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh 'DtcPf;rSmpdwv f Ydk yJ trsm;tm;jzifh ajymoGm;r,f/ jzpfqpJ w d uf dk r½IrodEidk w
f hJ yuwdval wG
u 'Dpw d uf dk woufywfv;Hk tNrJwnfaew,fvYdkxifaeMuw,f? jrifwmvJ 'Dpw d yf ?J Mum;wm eHwm pm;odwm
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jzpfq½J yk ef mrfudk rjywf½rI w

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f ,f? tJ'vD dk ½IrwS v f u
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f mjzpfNyD; aysmufomG ;vkYd rNrJww hJ &m;bJvYdk trSet f wkid ;f
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auG;csif qefYcsiw f phJ w

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ysufysufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? ½Irw S wf phJ w
d v f J ½IrwS w f idk ;f ½Irw
S w
f idk ;f ysufysufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? tJ'aD wmh
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Mum;wm odwm jrifwm xdow d m BuHow d mawG topf topfjzpfNyD; ysuyf suo f mG ;wmukv
d J awGUae&w,f?
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f ef
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d uf v dk J ½Irw
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f dk cGjJ cm;NyD; rodEidk b f ;l ? i,fi,f
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h ,f
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tewåvu©Pokwf 88

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f jhH zpfap? yPDwH 0g-½kyaf umif;jzpfap? 'la& 0g-ta0;½kyjf zpfap? oEÅad u 0g-teD;½kyjf zpfap? ,H-tMuif
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ajymif;vJazmufjyefwwfaom þ½kyu f ?dk ,xmblw-H [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? or®yn
Ü m,-rSepf mG odaom 0dyóemynm
t&d,r*fynmjzif?h '|AÁ-H ½Ijriftyf\? 0g-½IjrifEidk af tmif tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h

tJ'D ygVdteufudk jrefrmoufouf twkcd sKyfjyef,if

'Dvkd&ygw,f/
tewåvu©Pokwf 89

jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf

&[ef;wkYd ? ,ck jyqkcd ohJ nfth wkid ;f igh[mbJ? igbJ?

ightwåb[ J k ½Ijrifxifrw
S &f ef roifah omaMumifh twdwjf zpfap?
tem*wfjzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap? uk, d w f iG ;f ujzpfap? uk, d yf u
jzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwt f nHjh zpfap? taumif;
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r[kw?f igr[kw?f ightwår[kw}f }[k uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh
trSet f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h tJ'gukd
vkud q
f Mdk u&r,f/

&[ef;wkYd ? ,ck jyqkcd o

hJ nft
h wkid ;f /y/ roifah omaMumifh
twdwjf zpfap/y/ teD;jzpfap? ½ky[ f o l rQukd igh[mr[kw?f
igr[kw?f ightwår[kwf [k uk, d yf idk Óf Pfjzifh trSet
f wkid ;f
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d ,f/ tem*wfqw dk m
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f w
dk muawmh ,ck avmavmq,f
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f if rdro
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tukev f ;Hk ,lNyD; jzpfomG ;awmhwmbJ/

om0uwkdY ½IoifhwJhw&m;
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w&m;awGuadk wmh tEkrmetm;jzifh EIid ;f qNyD; qifjcifq;Hk jzwf½rHk Qom vkad Mumif;rsm;ukd Oy&dyPÖmoygVd tEky'okwf
\tzGihf t|uxm #Dumrsm;rSm twdtus jyqkx d m;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rdro d EÅmefu ½kyef mrf w&m;awGuo dk m
uk,d yf idk Óf Pfjzifh trSet f wkid ;f odatmif ½IbYdk vkyd gw,f/ rdro d EÅmefu w&m;awGxrJ mS vJ tem*wfw&m;awGqw dk m
,ckrjzpfao; r½Sad o;wJt h wGuf olwYdk udk rSe;f qNyD; ½IvYdk trSet f wkid ;f rodEidk bf ;l ? twdwwf &m;awGxrJ mS vJ a½S;b0
rsm;u w&m;awGuadk wmh rSe;f q½IvYdk trSet f wkid ;f rodEidk af Mumif; xif½mS ;ygw,f? ,ckb0twGi;f rSmawmifrS
vGecf NhJ yD; ESpyf idk ;f vykid ;f &ufyidk ;f rsm;u w&m;awGudk trSet f wkid ;f odbYdk rvG,yf gbl;? em&Dyidk ;f twGi;f avmufu
w&m;awGuadk wmifrS y&rwfoabmw&m;taejzifh trSet f wkid ;f odatmif ½IbYdk cufygw,f? bmhaMumifv h q
J adk wmh-
yuwdval wGrmS jrifNyD; Mum;NyD; awGUodNyD;wmeJY wûydief uf igbJ olbJ rde;f rbJ a,musmf ;bJ tp½Sw d hJ ynwftae
tm;jzifh pGv J rf;NyD; jzpfaeaomaMumifyh gbJ/

jzpfqJukdom pí½ItyfaMumif;

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jzpfcu
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aemufNyD;awmh owdy|mef ygVdawmfrmS vJ (*päaEÅm 0g *pämrDwd yZmemwd)ponfjzifh oGm;qJ &yfqJ xkid q f J avsmif;qJ
paom ypöKyÜew f &m;½Io&d ef jyqkx
d m;wJt h wkid ;f jzpfqJ ypöKyÜew
f &m;ukd pNyD;½I&ygw,f/ ,ckvedk ufeufeeJ J xkwaf zmf
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'gaMumifh jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f awGUodwidk ;f 'Gg& 6-yg;u xif½mS ;jzpfay:aewJh ½kyef mrfw&m;awGudk
rjywf½rI w
S af e&w,f? ,ck 'Du a,m*DawG azmif;w,f ydew f ,f xkid w
f ,f xdw,fponfjzifh ½IrwS af eykrH sKd;ygbJ/
tJ'v
D dk ½Irw
S af eawmh orm"dÓPf tm;½Sv d mwJt
h cgrSm azmif;wmu wjcm; rSwo f w
d muwjcm;? ydew f mu wjcm;?
tewåvu©Pokwf 90

rSwo f w d mu wjcm; ponfjzifh cGjJ cm;NyD;odvmw,f? azmif;cku d rf mS awmifw h m wif;wm wGe;f uefwm vIy½f mS ;wmu
ydecf udk x f ad tmif wnfraebl;? olUtcku d rf mS yif aysmufu, G f &yfpo J mG ;w,f? ydecf u dk rf mS avsmw h m vIy½f mS ;wmuvJ
aemuf wBudrf azmif;cku d xf ad tmif wnfraebl; olUtcku d rf mS yif jywfpo J mG ;w,f? oGm;aeqJrmS vJ nmvSr;f cku d u f
awmifw h if; vIy½f mS ;½ky[ f m A,fvrS ;f cku d x f ad tmif ra&mufb;l ? A,fvrS ;f cku d u f ½ky[ f mvJ nmvSr;f ckud f xdatmif
ra&mufb;l ? olUtcku d f olUtcku d rf mS yif ukeq f ;Hk ukeqf ;Hk oGm;w,f? <ucku d u f ½ky[ f m vSr;f ckud rf a&muf? vSr;f cku
d uf
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olUtckduf olUtcku d rf mS yif ukeq f ;Hk ukeq f ;Hk oGm;wmukd awGU&w,f/ ÓPftxl; xufoefaewJh tcgusawmh wauG;
wqefYtwGi;f rSmyif wae&mrS wae&mokYd ra&mufyJ w&dy&f yd ef YJ ukeq f ;Hk ukeq f ;Hk oGm;wmukd a,m*Du awGU&w,f/

tJ'aD wmh ]]wkYd a½S;u r½IvYdk rodwmbJ? ½kyef mrfw&m;awG[m wcsderf S wcsed o f Ydk ra&mufyJ cPrpJ jzpfysuf
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f m ,ckjzpfqyJ pöKyÜeo f Ydk ra&mufyJ
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umvokYd ra&mufyJ ukeq f ;Hk ukeqf ;Hk oGm;aew,f? aemifumvusrS jzpfrnf½h yk [ f mvJ olUtcku d tf wefYrmS yif ukeq f ;Hk
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f Pfjzifh
a,m*Du odoo d mG ;w,f/ tJ'v D dk odbYdk &mukd &nfNyD;awmh ]]aewH rr-þt&monf igh[mr[kw}f }ponfjzifh
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aewH rr-ESifh tedpö½IykH ponf ESD;aESmjycsuf

tJ'D ½Iyu
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ar;p&m ½Syd gw,f? tJ'v D dk ½Gwq
f &dk rSm r[kwyf gbl;? tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmukd trSet f wkid ;f odatmif ½IbYdk ygbJ/
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twåmwd orEkyóod='g igh[mbJ? 'g[m igjzpfonf? 'g[m ightwåbv J Ydk ½Ijrifygovm;)vkYd ar;wmukd (aewH
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tedpö 'ku© tewå[k ½Ijrifygw,f)vkYd qkv d adk Mumif; zGijhf yxm;ygw,f/

tJ'rD mS aewH rr-'g igh[mr[kwv f Ydk odjrifw,fqw dk m[m cPrpJ jzpfysufaevkYd ESpo f ufz,G f tm;uk;d zG,f
r½Sw
d hJ qif;&JvYdk odjrifwmeJY twlwyl gbJ? aeaom[ro®-d 'g[m igr[kwv f Ydk odjrifw,fqw dk m[m rNrJb;l vkYd
odjrifwmeJY twlwyl gbJ? NrJw,fxifvYdk rmefwufaeMuwmbJ? rNrJb;l vkYd trSet f wkid ;f od,if rmefwufp&m
r½Sdygbl;/ e araom twåm-'g[m ightwår[kwv f Ydk odjrifwmeJY tewåvYdk odjrifwmuawmh wxyfwnf;
wlaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Gg& 6-yg;u jzpfwidk ;f ½kyef mrfawGudk r½IEidk vf Ydk NrJaew,fxif,if ]]'g[m igjzpfw,f}}vkYd
xifrw S Nf yD; rmefwufawmhwmbJ/ ]]rsupf w
d rSw
d cf efYawmif rwnfb;l ? rNrJwmawGcsn;f bJ}}vkYd odjrif,ifawmh tJ'v D dk
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qkw
d muawmh xif½mS ;aeygNyD? txl;ajymjybG,f r½Syd gbl;/

jrifcu dk pf onfü r½IEidk w f hJ yuwdval wGrmS jrifcu dk uf ½kyaf wG[m Mum;cku d o

f Ydk a&mufvmw,f? Mum;cku d u
f
½ky[
f mvJ jrifcu dk pf onfoYdk a&mufvmw,f? NrJwnfaew,f? igwa,mufwnf;uyif jrifvJ jrifw,f? Mum;vJ
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½kyuf vJ tem*wfoYdk a&mufomG ;r,f ponfjzifh xifrw S af eMuw,f? tJ'g[m NrJwt hJ aejzifh xifjrifpv JG rf;wmbJ/
rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh jrifcu dk ½f yk [
f m jrifcu dk rf mS yif ysuo f mG ;w,f? Mum;cku d pf onfudk ra&mufb;l ?
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odwidk ;f topf topfcsnf;bJvYdk odjrifoabmusaew,f? tJ'g[m rNrJwo hJ abmukd trSet f wkid ;f odwmbJ? tJ'v D dk
odoad eawmh twdwu f ½ky[
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d cf efYawmif rNrJwhJ
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ightwå r[kwv f Ydk ) twåpu
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0do'k rd̈ *frmS jyqkx d m;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh twåpo JG ;Hk yg;vk;H yif uif;aeygvsuf b,fvt dk pGu
J ydk ,fEidk af tmif tewå[k
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J dk y,fEidk af tmif tewå[k ½I&ygovJvYdk pOf;pm;p&m½Sad ewmygbJ/

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f &m;awmfrmS &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vfvJ tewå[k ½IaMumif;jyqkcd suf
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'kw, d wenf; ajz&OD;rSmbJ/ tJ'guawmh--

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hJ wkid ;f ,lbYdk ygbJ?
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hJ cgrSm jzpfap? ½Irw S af eqJrmS jzpfap ykxZk Ofwek ;f uvkd
NrJwt
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d m ,l,if oifb h ,
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oDv0EÅow k eå f w&m;awmfpmtkyf (ESm 312)rSm Munf½h EI idk yf gw,f/ t½Si, f ru rax&fu ol[m ½kyu f v dk J to®-d
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okYd ayrJh tJ'½D yk f a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfqw dk hJ cE¨mig;yg;taygif;ukd omrntm;jzifh pGrJ NDS yD;awmh to®-d
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ruif;ao;bl;? tJ'v D rdk uif;ao;wJt
h wGuyf J tdraf xmifûyEkid o f nftxd umr&m* udavomawG jzpfaeao;wmbJ/
'gaMumifh omreftxiftodrsKd;ukv d J y,fEidk af tmifvYdk yOö0*¾&D [ef;awmfwYdk tm; tewå[k ½I&ef nTeMf um;awmfrw l ,f
vkYd ,lbYdk ygbJ/ ,ck ajz½Si;f jycJw h m[m aomwmyefrmS twåonmpGJ twåpw d pf v
JG J uif;w,fvYdk jyqkx d m;wJh
t|uxmESihf rqefYusif&atmif BuHqNyD; ajz½Si;f csufygbJ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 92

twdwfponf (11)yg; tjym;jzifh½IykH

,ckygVdawmfu jyxm;wJt h wdwf tem*wfypöKyÜe½f yk rf sm;ukd tedppö onfjzifh ½Iyu Hk dk qufNyD;ajym&r,f? a,m*D
yk*Kd¾ vf[m ½Irw S af e,if; azmif;½kyf yde½f yk pf onf[m olUtcku d t
f wefYwiG yf J ysufysufomG ;vkYd tedpö 'ku© tewårQ
odyw Hk Ydk udk a½SUem;ykid ;f u ajymcJyh gNyD? tJ'v D dk ½Irw
S af e,if; odoad ewJh a,m*D[m a½S;a½S;u jzpfysufcw hJ ½hJ yk [
f m ,ck
ypöKyÜeo f Ydk ra&muf? ,ckjzpfq½J yk v f J aemiftem*wfoYdk ra&muf? olUtcku d t
f wefYrmS yif ysuyf suo f mG ;aomaMumifh
rNrJb;l ? rNrJvYdk qif;&Jb?J twår[kww f hJ oabmw&m;rQbJvYdk uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? tJ'v D dk
ok;H oyfqifjcifyHk qk;H jzwfyu Hk dk 0do'k rd¨ *frmS jyxm;wJt h wkid ;f vkud q
f Mdk u&r,f? ½Gwq f adk e,if; ÓPfjzifv h J qifjcif
MunfMh u&r,f/

(1) a½S;b0u½kyo f nf a½S;b0wGiyf if ukecf hJ csKyfcNhJ yD? ,ckb0okYd ra&muf? ukecf hJ csKyfysufcahJ omaMumifh
rNrJ? vsijf refpmG ukew
f wf csKyfysuw
f wfí aMumufz, G af umif;aomaMumifh qif;&Jomwnf;? omrD-tpkd;&olç
ed0goD-tNrJ½adS eolç um&u-ûyvkyw f wfoçl a0'u-cHpm;wwfov l Ydk xif&wJh twåaumif tESpt f om; r½Sad om
aMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ckb0u ½ky[ f mvJ ,ckb0wGiyf if ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo

f mG ;rnf? aemufb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f
ukeaf eqJ csKyfysuaf eqJjzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ? vsijf refpmG ukew f wf ysuw f wfí aMumufz,
G af umif;aomaMumifh
qif;&Jomwnf;? tpk;d &olponfjzifh xif&wJh twåaumif tESpt f om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQom
wnf;/

(3) aemufb0rSm topfjzpfrnfh ½ky[ f mvJ xkjd zpf&mb0wGiyf if ukeq

f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;rnf? tjcm; aemuf
wb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;rnfom jzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ? vsijf refpmG ukew f wf ysuw f wfí
aMumufz,G af umif;aomaMumifh qif;&Jomwnf;? twåaumif tESpt f om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQom
wnf;/

'guawmh tMurf;tm;jzifh b0eJYo;Hk oyfqifjcifyb

Hk /J ,ck½rI w
S af e,if; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&
r,f/

(1) ckwifu azmif;½kyo f nf ,ckyed q f o

J Ydk ra&muf/ ckwifu yde½f yk o
f nf,ck azmif;qJoYdk ra&muf?
azmif;cku
d f ydecf u
dk cf PrSmyif ukeqf ;Hk oGm;aomaMumifh rNrJ/ rNrJaomaMumifh qif;&Jomwnf;? tpk;d r&aomaMumifh
tewåoabmw&m; rQomwnf;/

,cifjrifqJ Mum;qJponfu ½kyo f nf,ck jrifqJ Mum;qJponfoYdk ra&muf? xkx

d dk tcku
d rf mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk
oGm;aomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ck azmif;qJ ½kyo f nf ydecf u

dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? ,ck ydeq
f ½J yk o
f nf azmif;cku
d o
f Ydk ra&muf? ,ck azmif;qJ
ydeq
f rJ mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk oGm;aomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

,ckjrifqJ Mum;qJponfu ½kyo f nf aemufxyf jrifcu

dk f Mum;cku
d o
f Ydk ra&muf/ ,ckjrifqJ Mum;qJ
ponfrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk oGm;aomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(3) aemifrS azmif;rnfh yderf nf½h yk o

f nf olUaemufrS yderf nfah zmif;rnfch PokYd ra&muf? olUcPrSmyif
ukeq
f ;Hk oGm;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh rNrJqif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'guawmh ½Irw S af eqJrmS xifay:wJh twdwf ypöKyÜef tem*wf½yk rf sm;ukd o½kyaf y:apwJh ok;H oyfqifjcifybHk /J
ypöKyÜe½f yk u
f dk vufiif;awGUNyD;awmh twdwf tem*wf ½kyrf sm;ukd tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyfqifjcifyv Hk J ½Sad o;w,f?
tJ'gukv d J vku d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

,ck ½Irw S af eqJrmS yif ukeq

f ;Hk ysufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJwhJ azmif;½kyf yde½f yk f auG;½kyf qefY½kyf <u½kyf vSrf;½kyf
cs½kyf jrif&wJ½h yk f Mum;&wJ½h yk f ponfvydk if a½S;uvJ azmif;½kyf yde½f yk f auG;qefY½yk f ponfawG[m xkx d cdk PrSmyif
tewåvu©Pokwf 93

ukeq f ;Hk ysufysufomG ;cJah omaMumifh tedp'ö uk © tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;? aemifrjS zpfay:vmrnfh azmif;½kyf
yde½f yk f ponf[mvJ xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeqf ;Hk ysuyf suo
f mG ;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;
rQomwnf;/

rdro d EÅmefu ½kyrf sm; ysufysufomG ;yku

H dk rsufarSmuf awGUodNyD;awmh olwyg;wkYd oEÅmefu½kyrf sm;ç wavmu
vk;H u ½kyrf sm;ukd tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyfqifjcifyvHk J ½Sad o;w,f? tJ'gukv
d J vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

,ck ½Irw
S af eqJrmS ukeq f ;Hk ysufysufomG ;wJh ½kyrf sm;vkyd if olwyg; oEÅmefu ½kyrf sm;ç wavmuvk;H u
½kyrf sm;vJ cPrpJ ukeq f ;Hk ysuyf suof mG ;aeMurnfom jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'gavmufq, dk if umvok;H yg;eJYpyfNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu

Hk dk oabmaygufavmufygNyD/ ,cktwGi;f tjyif ½kyf
ponftaMumif;ukd ajym&r,f/

twGif;tjyiftm;jzifh ½IykH

yuwdval wGu wHawG; axG;wJt h cg usifBuD; usifi,fpeG Yf wt hJ cg ponfrmS uk, d w

f iG ;f ½kyu
f yJ tjyifa&muf
oGm;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? pm;aomufwt hJ cg touf½LS wJt h cgrsm;rSmvJ tjyifbuf½yk u f yJ uk, d xf aJ &mufvm
w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ trSeu f awmh tJ'v D dk r[kwbf ;l ? ½kyaf wG[m olUjzpfcu
dk f jzpfcudk af e&mrSmom ukeq f ;Hk
csKyfysufomG ;MuwmbJ? aemufxyf topfjzpfw½hJ yk af wGu ae&mtopfawGrmS xif½mS ; ay:aeMuwmbJ? tJ'v D dk
olUae&mwGio f m ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;yku
H dk ½Irw
S af ewJh a,m*Du xif½mS ;awGU&ygw,f/

awGU&yku H awmh-trSwo f wd orm"dÓPf aumif;aewJt h cgrSm azmif;w,f ydew f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S f

ae,if; xGuo f ufav[m &ifxJ vnfacsmif;xJ ESmacgif;xJrS wykid ;f csi;f jywfjywfNyD; xGuo f mG ;wmukv
d J awGU&w,f?
0ifoufavvJ wykid ;f csi;f jywfjywfNyD;0ifvmwm wk;d a0SUvmwmukd awGU&w,f? aq;vdyaf omufwhJ a,m*Dq, dk if
aq;vdytf ck;d awG 0ifwidk ;f xGuwf idk ;f wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD wk;d wku
d Nf yD; 0ifvmwm xGuo f mG ;wmukd awGU&w,f?
a&ponfudk aomufwt hJ cgvJ yg;pyfxJ vnfacsmif;xJrmS wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD wk;d wkud Nf yD; 0ifvmwmukd awGU&w,f/

'gaMumifh twGi;f u½ky[ f m tjyifoYdk ra&muf? tjyifu ½kyu f vJ twGi;f okYd ra&muf? olUjzpf&mXme jzpf&m
cPrSmom ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;vkYd rNrJb;l ç qif;&J'u
k b
© çJ tewåbv
J Ydk od&ygw,f/ tJ'v D dk odNyD; ok;H oyf
qifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d qf Mdk u&r,f/

(4? 5) uk,d x f uJ ½ky[f m tjyifoYdk ra&muf? tjyifu ½ky[ f mvJ uk,

d x
f o
J Ydk ra&muf? xkx
d jdk zpf&m twGi;f ü
tjyifüomvQif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuof mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

tMurf; tEktm;jzifh ½IykH

yuwdval wGu i,fi,f uav;b0 ½kyt f Ekuav;awGuyif vlBuD;b0 ½kyMf urf;awG jzpfvmw,fvYdkvJ
xifaeMuw,f? usef;rmayghyg;aewJh ½kyEf u k yif rusef;rrmav;vHwhJ ½kyMf urf;awG jzpfvmw,fvYdk vJ xifaeMu
w,f? rusef;rrm av;vHwhJ ½kyMf urf;awGuyif usef;rmayghyg;wJh ½kyEf ak wG jzpfvmw,fvYdk vJ xifaeMuw,f/
uk,
d xf u J tawGUtxd½yk af wGudk rjywf½ rI w S af ewJh a,m*DrmS awmh ½Irw S af eqJrmS yif wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD jywfjywf
ukeuf ek of mG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? tJ'v D adk wGU&wJt h wGuf Murf;wJt h awGU½kyu f El;nHw
h hJ tawGU½kyrf jzpf? El;nHw h hJ
tawGU½kyu f vJ Murf;wJt h awGU½kyrf jzpf? Murf;wJt h yl½yk f tat;½kyu f El;nHw h hJ tat;½kyf taEG;½kyrf jzpf? El;nHw h hJ
taEG;½kyf tat;½kyu f vJ Murf;wJt h yl½yk f tat;½kyrf jzpf? Murf;wJah wmifw h if; vIy½f mS ;½kyuf El;nHwh hJ wnfNidr½f yk f
rjzpf? El;nHw h w
hJ nfNidr½f yk u
f vJ Murf;wJh vIy½f mS ;½kyrf jzpf? olUtcku d rf mS yif ysufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJb;l ç qif;&JbJ tewå
bJvYdk odjrifoabmusus oGm;ygw,f/ ,ck tJ'v D dk ok;H oyf qifjcifyuHk dk qkMd u&r,f/

(6? 7) uk,d xf rJ mS ½kyMf urf;u ½kyEf rk jzpf? ½kyEf u

k vJ ½kyMf urf;rjzpf? olUtcku
d t
f wefYrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfaysmuf
oGm;aomaMumifh tedpçö 'kuç© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 94

t,kwftjrwftm;jzifh ½IykH

yuwdval wGu rusef;rmwJh ½kyn f ahH wGuyif usef;rmwJh ½kyaf umif;awG jzpfvmw,f? usef;rmwJh
½kyaf umif;awGuyif rusef;rmwJh ½kyn f ahH wGjzpfvmw,f? ysKdysKd½, G ½f ,
G ½f yk af wGuyif vlt½dk yk f jzpfvmw,fvYdk
xifaeMuw,f/ jzpfcu dk ½f yk ef mrfawGudk rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh xif½Sm;ay:vmwJh ½kyfawG[m ½IrSwfaeqJ
rSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;wmukd awGU&wJt h wGuf ½kyn f uhH ½kyaf umif;rjzpf? ½kyaf umif;uvJ ½kyn f rhH jzpf? olUtcku
d f
twefYrmS yif ukeq f ;Hk aysmufysufomG ;aomaMumifh rNrJb;l qif;&JbJ tewåbv J Ydk odjrifoabmusus oGm;ygw,f/
,ckt'J vD dk ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(8? 9) uk,d x
f rJ mS ½kyn
f u
hH ½kyaf umif;rjzpf? ½kyaf umif;uvJ ½kyn
f rhH jzpf? olUtcku
d t
f wefYrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk
aysmufysufomG ;aomaMumifh tedpçö 'kuç© tewåç oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

ta0; teD;tm;jzifh ½IykH

yuwdval wGu vlwa,mufta0;u a&mufvmvQif tJ'v D &l UJ uk, d ½f yk [

f m ta0;rSteD;okYd a&mufvm
w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? teD;uvl xGucf gG oGm;,ifvJ tJ'v D &l UJ ½ky[
f m rdr\ d teD;rS ta0;okYd a&mufomG ;w,fvYdk
xifaeMuw,f/ jzpfq½J yk ef mrfawGudk rjywf½rI wS af ewJh a,m*Duawmh vufajcukd qefYwt hJ cg qefYw,fqefYw,fvYdk
½Irw
S af e,if; wae&mrS tjcm;wae&mokYd ra&mufyJ w&dy&f yd ef YJ ukeq f ;Hk ukeqf ;Hk oGm;wmukd awGU&w,f? vufajc
auG;wJt h cgvJ auG;w,f auG;w,fvYdk ½Irw S af e,if; wae&mrS wae&mokYd ra&mufyJ w&dy&f yd ef YJ ukeq f ;Hk ukeqf ;Hk
oGm;wmukd awGU&wmbJ? tJ'v D dk awGU&wJt h wGuf teD;½kyu f ta0;a&mufomG ;onfr[kw?f ta0;½kyu f vJ
teD;a&mufvmonfr[kw?f xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk ukeq
f ;Hk oGm;aomaMumifh rNrJb;l ç qif;&JbçJ tewåvv J Ydk odjrif
oabmususoGm;ygw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh ta0;rSvmaewJv h ul dk jrifvQif jrifw,f jrifw,fvYdk ½Irw S af e,if; wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD

jywfjywf ukeu f ek o
f mG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? teD;rS xGucf gG oGm;wJvh u
l dk jrif,ifvJ jrifw,f jrifw,fvYdk ½Irw S af e,if;
wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD jywfjywf ukeu f ek o
f mG ;wmukd awGU&w,f? tJ'v D dk awGU&wJt
h wGuf ta0;½kyu f teD;okYd
a&mufvmwm r[kw?f teD;½kyu f vJ ta0;okYd a&mufomG ;wmr[kw?f ½kyf ta[mif; ta[mif;awGu aysmufaysmuf
oGm;NyD; topf topfawG jzpfjzpfvmwmukyd if ta0;uvl a&mufvmw,f? teD;uvl xGucf gG oGm;w,fvYdk ajymqkd
&wmbJvYdk oabmususomG ;w,f? 'Dvdk tjrifeYJ pyfNyD; ykid ;f jcm;odwmuawmh b*FÓPfa&mufaeNyD; ÓPfvJ
txl;xufjrufwhJ a,m*Drsm;eJYom qkid yf gw,f? ÓPfrwufwhJ olawGuawmh 'gavmuf ½Si;f ½Si;f vif;vif;
odcEJ idk yf gw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh <uw,f vSr;f w,f csw,fvYdk ½Irw S Nf yD; pBuøavQmufaeqJrmS <uwmuwykid ;f ç vSr;f wmu
wykid ;f ç cswmuwykid ;f jywfjywfNyD;awmh xifw,f? ÓPftxl; &ifo h efwt hJ cgusawmh ajcaxmuf uk, d pf onf
a½GUwkid ;f a½GUwkid ;f w&dy&f yd ef YJ ukeu f ek f jywfjywfomG ;wmukv
d J awGU&w,f? tJ'v D dk awGU&wJt h wGuf ½kyaf wG[m
wae&mrS wae&mokYd ra&mufb;l ç oljzpfwahJ e&mrSmyif ysuyf suo f mG ;w,fqw dk mukd odjrifoabmususomG ;ygw,f/
tJ'g ]]y&rw¬w&m;awG[m tjcm;ae&mokYd ajymif;a½TUjcif; r½Sb d ;l ? oljzpf&mXmeüom csKyfysufomG ;Muw,f}}vkYd
jyqkxd m;wJh #Dumusrf;*efpum;ESit hf nD odwmygbJ? wu,fobm0uswJh todygbJ/ tJ'v D dk od&wJt h wGuf
ta0;½kyu f teD;ra&mufvm? teD;½kyu f vJ ta0;okYd ra&muf? olUjzpf&mjzpf&mXmeü ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;aomaMumifh
rNrJb;l ç qif;&JbçJ tewåbv J Ydk odjrifoabmususoGm;ygw,f/ ,ck tJ'v D dk ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku d qf Mdk u&r,f/
(10? 11) ta0;u½kyo f nf teD;okYd ra&muf? teD;u
½kyv
f J ta0;okYd ra&muf? oljzpf&mXmüom ukeq f ;Hk csKyfaysmuf
oGm;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m; rQomwnf;/

,ckajymcJw h mç vku d q
f cdk MhJ uwm[m (11) Xmejzifh a0befjyxm;wJ½h yk u
f dk (aewH rr) 'g igh[mr[kwf
ponfjzifh ½IqifjcifyaHk wGygbJ/ tJ'D ygVdawmf\ bmomjyeftusOf;csKyfudk ,ck wcg xyfNyD; qkMd u&OD;r,f/

twdwjf zpfap? tem*wfjzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap? uk,

d w
f iG ;f
u jzpfap? uk,
d yf ujzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwf
tewåvu©Pokwf 95

tnHjh zpfap? taumif;tjrwfjzpfap ta0;jzpfap? teD;jzpfap?

½kyf[lorQukd ]]'g igh[mr[kwf? igr[kwf? ightwår[kwf}}[k
uk,d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSet
f wkid ;f odatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf/

uJ 'DuaeY 'DwiG b
f J &yfNyD; w&m;odr;f MupkYd /

þ tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfu½dk adk opGm em,lrw S of m;Mu&aom "r®o0eukov

dk af pwem\ tpGr;f
tmEkabmfaMumif/h y/ edAmÁ efudk vsifjrefpmG qku
d af &mufí rsufarSmufûyEkid Mf uygap/

om"k om"k om"k/

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBuD;

q|rykdif; NyD;\/
tewåvu©Pokwf 96

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBu;D
owårykid ;f
1325-ckESpf 0gacgifvjynfh? vqkwf 8-&ufESifh
awmfovif;vqef; 8-&ufaeYrsm;ü a[monf/

w&m;tEkoaE¨

vGecf ahJ om oDwif;aeYrsm;u tewåvu©Pokwu f dk a[mvmcJw

h m ½kyu f dk twdwpf onf (11) yg;tjym;jzifh
cGjJ crf;a0befNyD; tedpö 'ku© tewå[k ½I&ef nTeMf um;awmfrcl suftxd NyD;cJNh yD/ ,ck a0'emukd (11)yg;aom tjym;jzifh
a0befNyD; ½Iyu Hk pNyD;awmh a[m&r,f/ a[mawmfryl Hk ygVdawmfuawmh--

(2) a0'emukd (11)yg;tjym;jzifh a0befí ½IykH

,m umpd a0'em twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé ç tZÑwåH 0g

A[d'g¨ 0gç MoVm&dum 0g okcrk m 0gç [Dem 0g yPDwm 0gç ,m
'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁm a0'em ]]aewH rr? aeaom-[ro®?d e
araom twåm}}wd {0arwH ,xmblwH or®yn Ü m, '|AÁ/H

twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé -twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜejf zpfaom? ,m umpd a0'em-trSwrf ½Sd tvk;H pkaH om
a0'emonf? tw¬-d ½Sd\? tZÑwåH 0g-uk, d w f iG ;f a0'emjzpfap? A[d'g¨ 0g-uk,d yf a0'emjzpfap? MoVm&dum 0g-a0'em
Murf;jzpfap? okcrk m 0g-a0'emEkjzpfap? [Dem 0g-a0'emnHjh zpfap? yPDwm 0g-a0'emaumif;jzpfap? 'la& 0g-
ta0;u a0'emjzpfap? oEÅad u 0g-teD;ua0'emjzpfap? ,m-tMuifa0'emonf? tw¬-d ½Sd\? oAÁm om a0'em-
xkd tvk;H pkaH om a0'emuk?d aewH rr-þt&monf ighOpömr[kw?f e {aom t[H to®-d þt&monf igr[kw?f e
ar {aom twåmwd-þt&monf ightwå r[kwf[lí? {0H-þokYd ? {wH-rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJazmufjyefwwfaom
þoabmuk?d ,xmblw-H [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? or®yn Ü m,-rSepf mG odaom 0dyóem ynm r*fynmjzif?h '|AÁ-H ½Ijrif
tyf\? 0g-½IjrifEidk af tmif tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h

tJ'D ygVdteufudk jrefrmoufouf twkcd sKyfjyef,if

'Dvkd &ygw,f/

jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf

twdwjf zpfap? tem*wfjzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap? uk,

d wf iG ;f u
jzpfap? uk, d yf ujzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwt f nHh
jzpfap? taumif;tjrwfjzpfap? ta0;jzpfap? teD;jzpfap? a0'em
[lorQukd ]]igh[mr[kw?f igr[kw?f ightwår[kw}f }[k uk, d yf idk f
ÓPfjzifh trSet f wkid ;f odatmif ½I&tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h tJ'gukd
vku
d qf Mdk u&r,f/
twdwjf zpfap/y/ teD;jzpfap? a0'em[lorQukd ]]igh[m
r[kw?f igr[kw?f ightwår[kw}f }[k uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSef
twkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf/

tJ'g[m cHpm;rIa0'emukd twdwf tem*wfponf (11)yg;aomtjym;wkYd jzifh cGjJ crf;a0befNyD; tedpö 'ku©
tewå tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh ½I&ef nTejf yawmfrw
l hJ a'oemawmfygbJ/ tJ'rD mS twdwaf 0'emqkwd m a½S;a½S;b0rsm;u
cHpm;cJw
h hJ a0'emvJ ½Sw
d ,f? ,ckb0wGif a½S;a½S; ESprf sm; vrsm; &ufrsm;u cHpm;cJwh hJ a0'emvJ ½Sw
d ,f? 'DuaeY
tewåvu©Pokwf 97

twGi;f rSmbJ apmapmykid ;f u cHpm;cJw

h hJ a0'emvJ ½Sw d ,f? tJ'D twdwf a0'emawGxrJ mS a½S;a½S;b0rsm;u cHpm;cJw h hJ
a0'emawGuawmh ukeq f ;Hk aysmufu, G o f mG ;cJMh uNyD qkw d m xif½mS ;ygw,f? 'gayrJh twåpt JG m;BuD;wJh olawG&UJ
tjrifeYJ qk, d ifawmh rxif½mS ;aybl;? bmaMumifv h q
J adk wmh tJ'v
D t
dk wåp½JG adS ewJo
h al wGu a½S;a½S;b0rsm;u cHpm;cJw h hJ
iguyif ,ckb0cHpm;ae&w,fvYdk xifjrif pGv J rf;aeMuaomaMumifyh gbJ/ olwYdktjriftm;jzifq h ,
dk if ,ckb0wGif
apmapmykid ;f u cHpm;cJw
h mawGvJ ukeq f ;Hk oGm;MuNyDvYdk rxifb;l ? t,ifu cHpm;cJw h hJ iguyif ,ckcpH m;aew,fvYdk
xifaeMuw,f/

a0'emukd umvokH;yg;jzifh½IykH

jzpfqJ ½kyef mrfudk rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh azmif;w,f ydew f ,fponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; anmif; yl
emusif tcHcufwhJ 'kua© 0'emay:vm,if tJ'aD 0'emukd anmif;w,f ylw,f emw,f ponfjzifh rjywf½rI w S af e
w,f? tJ'v D dk ½IrwS af e,if; tJ'D tcHcufwm[m avsmhavsmhNyD;awmh aysmufomG ;wmukv d J awGU&w,f? orm"dÓPf
txl;aumif;aewJh tcgqk, d if wcgrSwf wcgrSwf wem wem jywfjywfNyD; ukeu f ek o f mG ;wmukv d J awGU&w,f?
tJ'v D dk awGU&wJt h wGuf cHpm;rI a0'em[m tpOfxm0&½Sad ewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? wpuúeYf avmufawmif Mum½Snw f nf
aewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? cPrpJuek q f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;wJh oabmw&m;bJvYdk uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh od&w,f? 'gaMumifh
a½S;b0rsm;u a0'emukd rqkx d m;eJY ,ckb0wGiaf wmifrS a½S;umvu jzpfcw hJ hJ a0'emawG[m ukeq f ;Hk oGm;cJMh uNyD
r½SMd uawmhb;l qkw d mukv d J qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? ,ckwifu teD;uyfrmS jzpfcw hJ hJ a0'emvJ ukeq f ;Hk oGm;cJNh yD r½Sad wmh
bl;vkYd vJ qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? ,ckavmavmq,f cHpm;ae&wJh taumif;tqk;d tv,ftvwfa0'emrsm;[mvJ
ay:vku d f aysmufvu dk çf ay:vkud af ysmufvu dk ef YJ cPrpJuek qf ;Hk aysmufu, G o f mG ;w,f qkw d mvJ awGUae& ygw,f/
'gaMumifh aemiftcgjzpfrnfh a0'emawG[mvJ 'Dvb dk J olUtcku d t
f wefYwiG yf if ukeq f ;Hk aysmufu, G f oGm;MurSmcsnf;
bJvYdk 'Dvv dk oJ abmayguf odjrifEidk yf gw,f/ uJ ,ck tJ'v D dk odjrifo;Hk oyfyu Hk dk vku d q f Mdk u&r,f/

(1) a½S;b0u cHpm;rI a0'emonf a½S;b0wGiyf if ukecf chJ sKyfcNhJ yD? ,ckb0okYd ra&mufvm? ukecf hJ csKyfysuf
cJah omaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh ESpo
f uftm;uk;d bG,rf [kw?f aMumufz, G af umif;aomaMumifh qif;&Jomwnf;?
tcHcufaom 'kua© 0'emonfum; ESyd pf ufwwfaomaMumifv h J aMumufz, G qf if;&Jomwnf;? omrDtpk;d &olç ed0goD-
tNrJ½Sdaeolç a0'u-cHpm;wwfov l Ydk xif&wJth wåaumif tESpt f om;r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQom
wnf;/

(2) ,ckb0u a0'em[mvJ ,ckb0wGiyf if ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuof mG ;rnf? aemufb0okYd a&mufrnf r[kw?f
ukeaf eqJ csKyfysuaf eqJjzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh aMumufz, G f qif;&Jomwnf;? tcHcufaomaMumifv h J
qif;&Jomwnf;? tpk;d &olç tNrJ½adS eolç cHpm;wwfov l Ydk xif&wJh twåaumif tESpt f om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewå
oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/
(3) aemufb0rSm topfjzpfrnfh a0'em[mvJ xkjd zpf&mb0rSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;rnf? tjcm; aemuf
wb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f xkb
d 0wGiyf if ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh qif;&J
omwnf;? twåaumif tESptf om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'guawmh b0eJY ykid ;f jcm;NyD; tMurf;tm;jzifh ok;H oyfqifjcifyb

Hk ?J ,ck ½Irw
S af e,if; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk
vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(1) ckwifu anmif;wm ylwm emwm tcHcufwm[m ,ckaeomwJt h cku

d o f Ydk ra&muf? anmif; yl emusif
tcHcufcu dk rf mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csyk af ysmufomG ;cJah omaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumif¤h if; tcH&cufaomaMumif¤h if;ç
aMumufz, G f qif;&Jomwnf;? ckwifu aeomwmaumif;wmvJ ,cktcHcufcu dk of Ydkra&muf? aeomqJaumif;qJrmS yif
ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfaysmufomG ;aomaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh aMumufz, G f qif;&Jomwnf;? taumif; tqk;d cHpm;rI
[lorQ[m twåaumif tESpt f om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ck taumif;tqk;d cHpm;rI[m rSwcf u

dk f rSwcf u
dk rf mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuf csKyfysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifh rNrJ?
qif;&J? tewåoabmw&m;omwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 98

(3) aemifrS jzpfay:rnfh taumif; tqk;d cHpm;rIrsm;[mvJ oljzpf&m tcku

d f twefYrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyf
aysmufomG ;Murnf? xkYd aMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'guawmh ½Irw S af eqJrmS xifay:wJh twdwf ypöKyÜef tem*wf a0'emrsm;ukd ok;H oyfqifjcifyHk o½kyaf zmfwhJ
tqkrd sm;ygbJ/ jzpfqaJ 0'emukd vufiif; awGUodNyD;awmh twdwf tem*wf a0'emrsm;ukd tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyf
qifjcifyvHk J ½Sad o;w,f? tJ'gukv d J vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

,ck ½Irw S af eqJrmS yif ukeuf ek f ysufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJwt hJ aumif;tqk;d tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIrsm;vkyd if
a½S;u cHpm;rIrsm;vJ xkxd cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;cJah omaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;?
aemifrS jzpfay:rnfh cHpm;rIrsm;vJ xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo f mG ;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå
oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

rdro
d EÅmefu a0'emrsm; ysuyf suo f mG ;yku
H dk rsuaf rSmufawGUodNyD;awmh olwyg;wkYd oEÅmefu a0'emrsm;ç
wavmuvk;H u a0'emrsm;ukd tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyf qifjcifyvHk J ½Sad o;w,f? tJ'gukv
d J vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

,ck ½Irw
S af eqJrmS ukeu
f ek yf suyf suo
f mG ;MuwJh a0'emrsm;vkyd if olwyg;oEÅmefu a0'emrsm;ç wavm
uvk;H u a0'emrsm;vJ cPrpJ ukeu f ek f ysuyf suo f mG ;aeMurnfom jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;
rQomwnf;/

'gavmufq, dk if umvok;H yg;eJYpyfNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu

Hk dk oabmaygufavmufygNyD/ ,ck twGi;f tjyif
2-&yfeYJ pyfNyD; ok;H oyf qifjcifyu
Hk dk ajym&r,f/

twGif;tjyiftm;jzifh ½IykH

twGi;f u½kyo f nf tjyifu½kyt f jzpfoYdk ra&muf ponfjzifh ½IouJo h Ydk a0'emponfrmS vJ enf;wlyif
½ItyfaMumif; 0do'k rd¨ *fü jyqkx d m;w,f/ tJ'v D dk jyqk&d mwGif twGi;f u a0'emonf tjyifoYdk ra&muf? tjyifu
a0'emvJ twGi;f okYd ra&mufyJ ysufomG ;w,fvYdk ½q I ifjcif&vdrrhf ,f? tJ'vD ½dk &I mrSm uk, d x
f uJ a0'emu tjyify
olwyg; oEÅmefra&mufwm? olwyg;\ a0'emu rdro d EÅmefra&mufwmukd qkv d ydk govm;? tJ'v D qdk adk wmh rdr\
d
a0'emu olwyg;oEÅmefa&mufomG ;w,fvYdk b,fou l rS rxifMubl;? olwyg;a0'emu rdro d EÅmef a&mufvmw,f
vkYd vJ b,foul rS rxifMubl;? 'gaMumif-h tJ'v D ½dk q
I ifjcifbYdk jyqkw d mawmh r[kwyf gbl;? tm½kt H aetm;jzifh twGi;f
tjyif ajymif;vJjzpfyu Hk odk m qkv
d wdk ,fvYdk ,l&r,f/ b,fvv dk qJ adk wmh--

yuwdval wGrmS uk, d xf u J tm½ku H dk aMumif;ûyNyD; cHpm;rIjzpfae&mu tjyiftm½ku H dk rSND yD;cHpm;rIjzpfwt

hJ cg
twGi;f cHpm;rIubJ tjyifcpH m;rI jzpfomG ;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? tjyiftm½kBH uHpnfNyD; taumif;tqk;d cHpm;rI
jzpfae&mu uk, d x
f pJ w
d x
f aJ &mufNyD; taumif;tqk;d cHpm;rIjzpfwt hJ cgvJ tjyifcpH m;rIu uk, d x
f aJ &mufvmw,fvYdk
xifaeMuw,f/ xkYd twlyif ta0;tm½kpH w d af &mufNyD; cHpm;ae&mu teD;tm½krH mS cHpm;rIjzpfwt hJ cgvJ ta0;u teD;
a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? teD;tm½krH S ta0;tm½ko H Ydk a&mufNyD; cHpm;wJt
h cgvJ teD;u ta0;a&mufomG ;
w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? tJ'v D dk tm½kt
H aejzifh twGi;f tjyif ta0;teD; ajymif;a½TUyku H dk &nfNyD; jyqkw d mygbJ/

jzpfq½J yk ef mrfudk rjywf½aI ewJh a,m*Duawmh azmif;w,f ydew f ,fponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; uk,d xf uJ tcH
cufwhJ a0'emay:vm,if tJ'gukd emw,fponfjzifh ½Irw S af e&w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw
S af e,if; tjyifu olwyg;oEÅmef
ponfudk pdwu f ;l a&mufNyD; 0rf;omjcif; pdwyf jl cif;ponf jzpfay:vm,if tJ'gukd 0rf;omw,f? pdwyf w l ,fponfjzifh
½IrwS &f w,f? tJ'v D ½dk rI w
S af e,if; ]]uk, d x
f u J emusirf pI wJh a0'emutjyifa&mufomG ;onfr[kw?f uk, d wf iG ;f rSmyif
csKyfysufomG ;w,f? tjyiftm½kq H aD &mufNyD; cHpm;rIu topfjzpfay:vmwmbJ}}vkYd odjrifoabmusoGm;ygw,f/ tjyif
tm½ku H adk &mufNyD; 0rf;omrIponf jzpfae&mu uk, d x f rJ mS emusifrpI onfudk ½Irw S &f wJth cgvJ tjyiftm½küH 0rf;omrI
ponfu uk, d w f iG ;f okYd a&mufvmonfr[kw?f uk, d wf iG ;f ü emusirf pI onfu topfjzpfay:vmwmbJvYdk odjrif
oabmusoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'v D odk jd rifNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(4? 5) uk, d w f iG ;f u cHpm;rIa0'em[m tjyifoYdkra&muf? tjyifu cHpm;rIa0'em[mvJ uk, d w

f iG ;f okYd ra&muf?
xkx
d t
dk m½kH xkx
d jdk zpfcudk rf mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 99

tMurf;tEktm;jzifh½IykH

yuwdval wGrmS Murf;wrf;wJeh musirf I ponfjzpfae&mrS odraf rGUoGm;wJt h cg Murf;wJah 0'emu El;nHo h mG ;
w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? odraf rGUwJeh musirf pI onfu tBuD;tus,f emusiv f mwJt h cg ponfrmS vJ a0'emEku
a0'emMurf;jzpfvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ a,m*Duawmh ½Irw S w
f idk ;f ½Irw S w f idk ;f emusirf pI aoma0'em[m
wykid ;f pD wykid ;f pD jywfjywfuek u
f ek o
f mG ;wmukd awGUae&wJt h wGuf a0'emtMurf;u tEkjzpfvmonf r[kw?f
tEkuvJ tMurf;jzpfvmonf r[kw?f ta[mif;ta[mif;a0'em ysuyf suo f mG ;w,f? topftopf a0'emjzpfjzpfvm
w,f? rNrJwhJ oabmw&m;rQbJvYdk uk, d yf idk f ÓPfjzifyh if odjrifaeygw,f/ tJ'v D dk odjrifNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk
qkMd u&r,f/

(6? 7) Murf;wrf;wJh emusirf pI onfu El;nHw h ehJ musirf pI onfrjzpf? El;nHw

h ehJ musirf pI onfuvJ
Murf;wrf;wJh emusirf pI onfrjzpf? xkx
d jdk zpfcu
dk rf mS yif ukeu
f ek yf suyf suf oGm;aomaMumifh cHpm;rIa0'em[m tedpö
'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

t,kwftjrwftm;jzifh ½IykH

uk,d xf rJ mS emusifccH ufwhJ a0'emu t,kwt f nHb h ?J awGUxd&vkYd aumif;wmu a0'emtaumif; tjrwfy?J
xkYd twlyif pdwx f rJ mS ESv;Hk romwm pdwnf pfwm pdwyf sufwm 0rf;enf;wmu t,kwt f nHah 0'embJ? ½Tiv f ef;
0rf;omwmu taumif;tjrwf a0'embJ/ wenf;tm;jzifh pdwq f ;dk pdwyf sufNyD; ESv;Hk romwmu t,kwt f nHb h ?J
0rf;omwmu t,kwt f nHb
h ?J bk&m;ponfudk tm½kûH yNyD; 0rf;omwmu taumif;tjrwfy/J tJ'D t,kwt f jrwf
cHpm;rIa0'emrsm;ajymif;vJNyD; jzpfay:&mrSm yuwdval wGu a0'em tnHu h yif taumif;jzpfvmw,f? taumif;
uyif tnHjh zpfvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ a,m*Duawmh ½Irw S af eqJrmS yif ukeu f ek yf sufysufomG ;wmukd awGU&wJh
twGuf a0'emtnHu h taumif;jzpfvmonf r[kw?f taumif;uvJ tnHjh zpfvmonfr[kw?f xkx d dk cPrSmyif
ukeyf suo f mG ;aomaMumifh rNrJb;l ponfjzifh odjrifoabmusomG ;ygw,f/ tJ'v D odk jd rifNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk dk
vkud qf Mdk u&r,f/
(8? 9) emusirf pI aom a0'emtnHu h 0rf;omrIpaom a0'emaumif; jzpfvmonfr[kw?f a0'emaumif;
uvJ a0'emnHh jzpfvmonfr[kw?f xkx d jdk zpfcu
dk rf mS yif ukeyf suu
f ek yf suf oGm;aomaMumifh a0'em[m tedpö 'ku©
tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

ta0; teD;tm;jzifh ½IykH

ta0;teD; a0'emtaMumif;ukad wmh a½SUem;u ajymcJyh gNyD/ ,cka,m*D\ odjrifNyD;ok;H oyfqifjcifyu

Hk dk
vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(10? 11) ta0;tm½ku H dk cHpm;rIu teD;tm½kcH pH m;rIoYdk ra&muf? teD;uvJ ta0;okYd ra&muf? xkx
d cdk pH m;cku
d f
cPrSmyif ukeu
f ek yf suyf suo
f mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

a0'emukd (11) yg;tjym;tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;a0bef ½Iyu

Hk awmh pko
H mG ;ygNyD? ,ckonm½Iyu
Hk dk zGijhf ya[mMum;
&r,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mawmfryl Hk ygVduawmh--

(3) onmukd (11) yg;tjym;jzifh a0befí½IykH

,m umpd onm twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé /y/ oEÅad u
0g? oAÁm onm aewH rr/y/ ,xmblwH or®yn
Ü m, '|AÁ/H
twDem*wypöKyÜEmé -twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜejf zpfaom? ,mumpd onm-trSwrf ½Sd tvk;H pkaH om onmonf?
tw¬d-½Sd\? tZÑwåH 0g-uk, d w
f iG ;f onmjzpfap? (ygVdü ay,smvjzifjh r§Kyfjyxm;onf? a0'emygVdEiS hf enf;wlyif
jzpfonf/) A[d'g¨ 0g-uk,
d yf onmjzpfap? MoVm&dum 0g-onmMurf;jzpfap? okcrk m 0g-onmEkjzpfap? [Dem 0g-
tewåvu©Pokwf 100

onmnHjh zpfap? yPDwm 0g-onmaumif;jzpfap? 'la& 0g-ta0;u onmjzpfap? oEÅad u 0g-teD;u onmjzpfap?
,m-tMuifonmonf? tw¬-d ½Sd\? oAÁm om onm-xkt d vk;H pkaH om onmuk?d aewH rr-þt&monf ighOpöm
r[kw?f e {aom t[H to®-d þt&monf igr[kw?f e ar {aom twåmwd-þt&monf ightwå r[kwf[lí?
{0H-þokYd ? {wH-rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfaom þoabmuk?d ,xmblw-H [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? or®yn
Ü m,
-rSepf mG odaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzif?h '|AÁ-H ½Ijriftyf\? 0g-½IjrifEidk af tmif tm;xkw&f rnfw/hJ

'DygVdteufudk jrefrmoufouf twkcd sKyfjyef,if 'Dv&dk ygw,f/

jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf

twdwjf zpfap? tem*wfjzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap? uk, d wf iG ;f ujzpfap?

uk,
d yf ujzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwt f nHjh zpfap? taumif;
tjrwfjzpfap? ta0;jzpfap? teD;jzpfap? onm[lorQukd ]]igh[mr[kw?f
igr[kw?f ightwår[kw}f }[k uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSeftwkdif; odatmif ½I&
tm;xkw&f rnfw/hJ tJ'gukd vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

twdwjf zpfap/y/ trSet

f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf/

tJ'g[m rSwo f m;rIonmukd twdwpf onf (11) yg;aomtjym;wkYd jzifh cGjJ crf;a0befNyD; tedpö 'ku© tewå
tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh ½I&efneT jf yawmfrw l hJ a'oemawmfygbJ/ tJ'rD mS twdwo f nmqkw d m a½S;b0rsm;u rSwo f m;cJw
h hJ
onmvJ ½Sw d ,f? ,ckb0wGif a½S;a½S;umvrsm;u rSwo f m;cJw
h ohJ nmvJ½w dS ,f? rMumrDurS rSwo f m;cJwh hJ onmvJ
½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'D twdwo f nmawGxrJ mS a½S;b0rsm;u onmawG ukeq f ;Hk aysmufu,G of mG ;MuvkYd ,ckr½Sad wmhwhJ
taMumif;uawmh xif½mS ;aeygw,f/ 'gayrJh twåpt JG m;BuD;wJh olrmS awmh a½S;b0rsm;u rSwo f m;cJw h mvJ igbJ?
,ck rSwof m;aewmvJ igbJ? rSwo f m;wm[lorQ[m igwa,mufwnf;bJvYdk xifrw S f pGv
J rf;aewJt h wGuf olUrSm
awmh rxif½mS ;yJ ½Sad yvdrrhf ,f/ tJ'v D dk twåpt
JG m;BuD;wJh olawGuawmh ,ckb0wGif i,fpOfu rSwo f m;cJw h mawG
rMumrDu rSwo f m;cJwh mawGuv dk J igbJvYdk xifaeMuw,f? igwa,mufwnf;uyif rSwo f m;vmcJw h ,fvYdk xifaeMu
w,f/

xdoq d J BuHoq d J Mum;qJ jrifqJ ponfü azmif;w,f ydew f ,fponfjzifh rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh
em;axmifNyD; rSwo f m;wmukv d J Mum;w,f Mum;w,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; csujf cif;yif aysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f?
Munf½h NI yD; rSwo f m;rdwmukv d J jrifw,f jrifw,f ponfjzifh ½IrS w S Nf yD; csujf cif;yif aysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f?
pdwu f ;l NyD; rSwo f m;wmukv d J pdwu f ;l w,f BuHw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S Nf yD; csujf cif;yif aysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f/
tJ'vD dk awGU&wJt h wGuf rSwo f m;rIonm[m tpOfxm0& wnfaewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? wpuúeYf avmufawmif Mum½Snf
wnfaewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? cPrpJcsKyfysufomG ;wJh oabmw&m;bJvYdk uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh od&w,f? 'gaMumifh a½S;b0
rsm;u rSwo f m;cJw h ohJ nmukd rqkx d m;eJY ,ckb0wGiaf wmifrS ]]a½S;umvrsm;u rSwo f m;cJwh hJ onmawG[m ukeq f ;Hk
oGm;cJMh uNyD r½SMd uawmhb;l }}qkw d mukv d J qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? ,ckwifu teD;uyfrmS jzpfcw hJ hJ rSwo f m;rI onmawmif
ukeq f ;Hk oGm;cJNh yD r½Sad wmhb;l vkYd vJ qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? ,ck avmavmq,frmS jrifvu dk f Mum;vku d f xdov d u dk f
ponfjzifh rSwo f m;wJh onmrsm;vJay:vku d f aysmufvu dk çf ay:vkud f aysmufvu dk ef YJ aysmufaysmufomG ;w,f qkw d m
ukvd J awGUae&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh aemiftcg jzpfrnfrh w S o f m;rIonmawGvJ enf;wlyif olUtcku d t f wefYrmS yJ ukeqf ;Hk
aysmufu, G of mG ;MurSmcsn;f bJvYdk 'Dvv dk J oabmayguf odjrifEidk yf gw,f/ tJ'v D dk odjrifNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk dk
vkud qf Mdk u&r,f/

(1) a½S;b0u rSwo f m;rIonmonf a½S;b0wGiyf if ukecf chJ sKyfcNhJ yD? ,ckb0okYd ra&mufvm? ukecf hJ
csKyfysucf ahJ omaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh aMumufz,G q
f if;&Jomwnf;? tpk;d &olç tNrJ½adS eolç rSwof m;wwfov
l Ydk
xif&wJh twåaumif tESpt f om;r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ckb0u rSwo f m;rIonm[mvJ ,ckb0wGiyf if ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo

f mG ;rnf? aemufb0okYd a&mufrnf
r[kw?f ukeaf eqJ csKyfysuaf eqJjzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ? rNrJaomaMumifh aMumufz, G q
f if;&Jomwnf;? twåaumif
tESpt
f om; r½Sad omaMumifh tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 101

(3) aemufb0rSm topfjzpfrnfh onm[mvJ xkjd zpf&mb0rSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo

f mG ;rnf? tjcm;
aemufwb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f xkYd aMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'guawmh onmukd b0eJYyidk ;f jcm;NyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyb

Hk ?J ,ck ½Irw
S af e,if; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f dk
Mu&r,f/

(1) ckwifu tqif; toH ponfudk rSwo f m;wm[m ,ck ½Irw

S q
f o
J Ydk ra&muf? rSwo
f m;qJrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk
csKyfaysmufomG ;aomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ck avmavmq,f ½Iov

d suf rSwo
f m;rI[mvJ rSwo
f m;qJrmS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfaysmufomG ;aomaMumifh
tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(3) aemifrS jzpfay:rnfh rSwo

f m;rIonm[mvJ oljzpfcu
dk rf mS yif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfaysmufomG ;rnfjzpfaomaMumifh
tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

½IrwS q
f rJ mS awGUod&wJh rSwo f m;rIrsm;ESihf EIid ;f ,SONf yD; twdwf tem*wf wavmuvk;H u onmrsm;ukd
tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk v
dk J vku
d qf Mdk u&r,f/

,ck ½IrwS af eqJrmS yif ukeu f ek yf sufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJwo hJ nmrsm;vkyd if a½S;u rSwo f m;cJwh hJ onmrsm;vJ
xkx
d cdk PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;cJah omaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ aemiftcgrSjzpfrnfh
rSwof m;rI onmrsm;vJ xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;Murnfom jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå
oabmw&m;rQomwnf;? rdro d EÅmef olwyg;oEÅmef wavmuvk;H u onmawGvJ xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuf
oGm;aeMuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'Drw
S o
f m;rIonm rNrJyuHk awmh txl;usurf w S f xm;wmrsm;yif arhaysmufaewmESihf axmufqMunf,
h if
tifrwef xif½mS ;ygw,f/ ,ck twGi;f tjyif 2-&yfeYJ pyfNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(4? 5) uk, d xf üJ rSwof m;rIonmonf tjyiftm½kH rSwo f m;cku

d o f Ydk ra&muf? tjyiftm½kH rSwo
f m;rIuvJ
uk,
d x
f J rSwo
f m;cku
d of Ydk ra&muf? xkxd cdk PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabm
w&m;rQomwnf;/

vkcd sirf ufarmNyD; rSwo f m;wJo h nm? pdwq f ;dk jypfrmS ;NyD; rSwo f m;wJoh nm? b0ifjrifNh yD; rSwo
f m;wJo
h nm?
t,lrmS ;NyD; rSwo f m;wJo
h nm? ,krH mS ;NyD; rSwo f m;wJoh nm-'Dvdk tukov dk o
f nmawGu tMurf;pm;awGb?J Munfñdk
bG,f bk&m;*kPpf onfudk rSwo f m;wJo h nm? w&m;emNyD; rSwo f m;wJoh nm? q&mrdbwkYd \ aumif;jrwfwhJ tqk;H tr
ukd rSwo f m;wJo h nm-'Dvo dk nmawGu odraf rGUwJo h nmawGb?J tJ'o D rd af rGUwJh onmawGu taumif;tjrwf
onmawGb?J onmMurf;awGu t,kwt f nHoh nmawGb/J wenf;tm;jzifh xif½mS ;Murf;wrf;wJh tm½kaH wGudk
rSwo
f m;wmu onmMurf;awGb?J odraf rGU El;nHw h hJ tm½kaH wGudk rSwo f m;wmu onmtEkawGb?J tJ'D onmtMurf;
tEkawG ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk dk vkud q f Mdk u&r,f/

(6? 7) Murf;wJo h nmonf Ekwo hJ nmjzpfcu

dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? Ekwo
hJ nmuvJ Murf;wJo
h nm jzpfcu
dk o
f Ydk
ra&muf? xkx
d cdk PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

onmt,kwt
f jrwf ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk v
dk J vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(8? 9) ,kwn f whH o hJ nmonf aumif;jrwfwo hJ nm jzpfcu dk o

f Ydkra&muf? aumif;jrwfwhJ onmuvJ
,kwn
f whH hJ onm jzpfcu
dk of Ydk ra&muf? xkx
kd cdk PrSmyif ukeqf ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabm
w&m;rQomwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 102

odraf rGUwJth m½kH a0;uGmwJt h m½ku H dk BuHawG;NyD; rSwo f m;wmukd ta0;onmvkYd ac:w,f? xif½mS ;
Murf;wrf;wJh tm½kH teD;tyg;utm½kH uk, d x f u J tm½kaH wG rSwo
f m;wmukd teD;onmvkYd ac:w,f/ tJ'D ta0; teD;
onmrsm;eJY pyfNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d q f Mdk u&r,f/

(10? 11) ta0;onmonf teD;onm jzpfcu dk o

f Ydk ra&muf? teD;onmuvJ ta0;onm jzpfcu
dk o
f Ydk
ra&muf? xkx
d cdk PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

onmukd (11) yg; tjym;tm;jzifh cGjJ crf;a0bef ½Iyu

Hk awmh pko
H mG ;ygNyD? ,ck ocFg&u©Em¨ ½Iyu
Hk dk zGijhf y
a[mMum;&r,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mawmfryl Hk ygVduawmh--

(4) ocFg&u©E¨mukd (11)yg;tjym;jzifh a0befí½IykH

a, aupd ocFg&m twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé tZÑwåH 0g

A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&dum 0g okcrk m 0g [Dem 0g yPDwm 0g a,
'la& oEÅad u 0g? oaAÁ ocFg&m aewH rr? aeaom-[ro®?d e
araom twåmwd {0arwH ,xmblwH or®yn Ü m, '|AÁ/H
twDwm em*wypöKyÜEmé -twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜejf zpfuek af om? a, aupd ocFg&m-trSwrf ½Sd tvk;H pkaH om
ocFg&wkYd onf? oEÅ-d ½Sdukef\? tZÑwåH 0g-uk, d w f iG ;f ocFg&jzpfap? A[d'g¨ 0g-uk, d yf ocFg&jzpfap? MoVm&dum 0g-
ocFg&Murf;rsm;jzpfap? okcrk m 0g-ocFg&Ekrsm;jzpfap? [Dem 0g-ocFg&tnHrh sm;jzpfap? yPDwm 0g-ocFg&taumif;
rsm;jzpfap? 'la& 0g-ta0;u ocFg&rsm;jzpfap? oEÅad u 0g-teD;u ocFg&rsm;jzpfap? a,-tMuif ocFg&wkYd onf?
oEÅ-d ½Sdukef\/ oaAÁ aw ocFg&m-xkt d vk;H pkaH om ocFg&wkYd u?dk aewH rr-þt&monf ighOpömr[kw?f e {aom
t[H to®d-þt&monf igr[kw?f e ar {aom twåmwd-þt&monf ightwår[kwf[lí? {0H-þokYd ? {wH-rNrJ
qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfaom þoabmuk?d ,xmblw-H [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? or®yn
Ü m,-rSepf mG odaom
0dyóemynm r*fynmjzif?h '|AÁ-H ½Ijriftyf\? 0g-½IjrifEidk af tmif tm;xkw&f rnf wJh/

'DygVdteufudk jrefrmoufouf twkcd sKyfjyef,if 'Dv&dk ygw,f/

jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf

twdwjf zpfap? tem*wfjzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap? uk, d wf iG ;f u jzpfap?

uk,
d yf ujzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwt f nHjh zpfap? taumif;
tjrwfjzpfap? ta0;jzpfap? teD;jzpfap? ocFg&awG[o l rQukd ig[mr[kw?f
igr[kw?f ightwå r[kw}f }[k uk,d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSet
f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I&
tm;xkw&f rnfw/hJ tJ'gukd vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/
twdwjf zpfap/y/ trSet
f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf/

tJ'g[m ûyvkyt f m;xkwrf I ocFg&u©Em¨ w&m;awGudk twdwpf onf (11) yg;aom tjym;wkYd jzifh cGjJ crf;
a0befNyD; tedpö 'ku© tewåtjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh ½I&ef nTejf yawmfrw
l hJ a'oemawmfygbJ/

tJ'rD mS ocFg&u©Em¨ w&m;awGu tvGerf sm;jym;ygw,f? a0'emESio hf nmwkYd rS wyg;aom apwoduf

ig;q,fudk ocFg&u©Em¨ ac:aMumif; a½S;u jycJyh gNyD/ twkcd sKyf ajym&,ifawmh uk, d Ef wI pf w d t f rlt&mawGudk
ûyvkyaf tmif pDrw H u dk w
f eG ;f ay;aewJh oabmw&m;awGygbJ? 'DocFg&awGu oGm; &yf xkid f avsmif;qkw d hJ £&d,mykxf
av;yg; uk, d t f rlt&mawG ûyvkyaf tmifvJ pDrw H udk w
f eG ;f ay;aew,f? oGm;vku d f &yfvu dk f xkid v
f u dk pf onfjzifh apckid ;f
aeovkyd gbJ/ auG;atmif qefYatmif vIy½f mS ;atmif ûyH;&,fjcif; ponf ûyatmifvJ pDrw H u dk w f eG ;f ay;aew,f?
auG;vku d f qefYvu dk f ponfjzifh wku d wf eG ;f aeovkyd gbJ/ ûyH;vku d f &,fvu
dk f ikv
d u dk pf onfjzifh wku d w f eG ;f aeovkv
d J
xif½mS ;aeygw,f/ ajymvku d pf onfjzifh EIwt f rlt&mrsm;jzpfay:atmif pDrw H u dk w f eG ;f aewmvJ 'D ocFg&awGb?J
BuHord I jzpfatmif? jrifrçI Mum;rIponfjzpfatmif aMumifMh upku d w
f hJ oabmawG[mvJ 'DocFg&awGb/J
tewåvu©Pokwf 103

'gaMumifh ]]oGm;csifw,fç &yfcsifw,fç ajymqkcd sifw,f}}ponfjzifh a½S;b0u jzpfcw hJ hJ ocFg&awG[m ,ck

b0okYd a&mufvmyghrvm;? a½S;b0wGiyf J ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysucf NhJ yD r[kwvf m;? a½S;b0u ûycsif ajymcsiw f m BuHwm
awG[m a½S;b0wGiyf J ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufcahJ Mumif; xif½mS ;aeygw,f/ 'gayrJh ]]trlt&m [lorQukd ûyvkyaf ewm[m
igbJ? igubJ ûyvkyaf ew,f}}vkYd twåp½JG adS ewJh olawGrmS awmh ]]a½S;b0u ûywmvJ igbJ? ,ckûyaewmvJ igbJ}}vkYd
wa,mufwnf;taejzifh pGv J rf;aew,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'v D dk twåpo JG efaewJh olawGrmS awmh ûyvkywf wfwhJ ig[m
tNrJwnfaew,fvYdk xifaewmbJ/

rjywf½rI w
S af ewJh a,m*DrmS awmh azmif;w,f-ydew f ,fponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; wae&m&mu ,m;vm,if
,m;w,f-,m;w,fvYdk ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw S af e,if; t,m;azsmufcsifwphJ w d uf jzpfvmw,f? tJ'gukv d J
azsmufcsifw,fç azsmufcsifw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'aD wmhazsmufcsif ûyjyifcsifwhJ ocFg&[m ½Irw S w f idk ;f
½Irw
S w
f idk ;f aysmufaysmufomG ;wmukd awGU&w,f/ anmif;wJt h cg anmif;w,fç anmif;w,fvYdk ½Irw S af e&mrSmvJ
auG;csif qefYcsif ûyjyifcsifwm ay:vm,if tJ'gukv d J ½Irw
S &f w,f? tJ'v D ½dk rI w
S af e,if auG;csif qefYcsif ûyjyifcsifwhJ
ocFg&awG[m rSwv f u dk f aysmufvudk çf rSwv f udk f aysmufvu dk ef YJ aysmufaysmuf oGm;MuwmbJ? tJ'v D adk ysmufaysmuf
oGm;Muwmukv d J awGU&w,f/ 'Dy'Hk eD nf;jzifh ûycsifwm ajymcsifwm BuHpnfwm tp½Sw d hJ ocFg&awG ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuf
oGm;Muwmukd awGUodae&w,f/
ocFg&wkdYukd umvokH;yg;jzifh ½IykH

'gaMumifh ½Irw S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh a½S;b0ocFg&awGudk rqkx d m;bd ,ckavmavmq,f ocFg&awGawmif

cPrpJ csKyfysufaewmukd awGUodae&wJt h wGuf a½S;u ocFg&awG[m ,cktcku d o
f Ydk ra&mufvm? ,ckocFg&awGvJ
aemiftcgokYd ra&muf? aemifrjS zpfrnfo h cFg&awGvJ xkYd xuf aemufuswJch PokYd ra&muf? xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk
csKyfaysmufomG ;MuaomaMumifh rNrJb;l ? qif;&Jcsn;f bJ? tewåoabmw&m;rQbJ qkw d mukd uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if
qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? tJ'v
D dk odjrifNyD; ok;H oyfqifjcifyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(1) a½S;b0u ûyvkrd I ocFg&awG[m a½S;b0wGif ukecf hJ csKyfcNhJ yD? ,ckb0okYd ra&mufvm? xkYd aMumifh rNrJ
qif;&J tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ckb0ü ûyvkrd I ocFg&awGvJ aemufb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f ,ckb0wGiyf if ukeq

f ;Hk csKyfysuf
aeaomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(3) aemifb0ü jzpfrnfûh yvkrd I ocFg&awG[mvJ tjcm;aemufwb0okYd a&mufrnfr[kw?f xkjd zpfqJ b0

rSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuf oGm;Murnfom jzpfaomaMumifh rNrJ qif;&J tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'gu oGm;csiw f ,fç ûycsiw f ,fç ajymcsiwf ,fponfjzifh od&wJo h cFg&awGudk b0eJY ykid ;f jcm;NyD; ok;H oyf
qifjcifyb
Hk /J ½Irw
S q
f rJ mS xif½mS ;wJh ocFg&awGo;Hk oyfyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(1) ckwifu nmvSr;f csiw f m[m ,ck A,fvrS ;f csicf u dk o f Ydkra&muf? ckwifu A,fvrS ;f csiw
f mvJ ,ck
nmvSr;f csifcu dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? xkx
d dk cPrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuf cJah omaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQ
omwnf;/ xkYd twlyif a½S;u jzpfcw hJ hJ ocFg& [lorQawG[mvJ ,ck cPokYd ra&muf? xkx d dk cPrSmyif ukeqf ;Hk
csKyfysucf ahJ omaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

(2) ,ck avmavmq,fü jzpfqJ ûyvkrd I ocFg&rsm;ESihf rSwo f rd üI yg0ifaom ocFg&rsm;[mvJ aemuf
cPrsm;okYd ra&muf? ,ckjzpfqcJ PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuq
f J jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQ
omwnf;/

(3) aemuf cPrsm;rSmrS jzpfrnfh ûyvkrd rI sm;ESihf ½Irw S rf o

I cFg&rsm;[mvJ xkYd xufaemufuswJh cPokYd
ra&mufyJ ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;Murnfom jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

½IrwS q
f rJ mS rSwo f &d aom ocFg&rsm;ESihf EIid ;f ,SONf yD; twdwf tem*wf wavmuvk;H u ocFg&rsm;ukd
tEkrmejzifh ok;H oyfyu
Hk v
dk J vkud q
f Mdk u&r,f/
tewåvu©Pokwf 104

,ck ½Irw S af eqJrmS ukeu f ek yf sufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJwhJ ûyvkrd I ½Iord I ocFg&rsm;vkyd if a½S;u ûyvkrd I ocFg&rsm;
vJ xkxd cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;cJah omaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ aemiftcgrS
jzpfrnfh ûyvkrd I paom ocFg&rsm;[mvJ xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;Murnfom jzpfaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku©
tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ rdro d EÅmef olwyg;oEÅmef wavmuvk;H u ocFg&[lorQawG[mvJ ,ck ½Io&d wJh
ocFg&awGvydk if ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuf oGm;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

twGif;tjyif ponfjzifh ½IykH

twGi;f tjyif ocFg&awGudk cGjJ cm;yku

H awmh a0'em onmwkYd t&mü cGjJ cm; jycJo h vkyd gbJ? uk,
d wf iG ;f w&m;ukd
taMumif;ûyNyD; BuHpnfwhJ ocFg&u twGi;f ocFg&bJ? tjyifu w&m;ukd tm½kûH yNyD; BuHpnfwhJ ocFg&u tjyifocFg&
bJ? tjyifu w&m;ukd tm½kûH yNyD; BuHw,fqw dk mu tjyifu ouf½dS oufrrhJ sm;ukd &atmif? okYd r[kwf ysufp;D atmif
ûybkYd ponfjzifh BuHpnfwmawGygbJ/ tJ'D twGi;f tjyif ocFg&awGeYJ pyfNyD; ok;H oyfyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(4? 5) uk, d x f wJ iG f ûybkYd BuHpnfwhJ ocFg&awG[m tjyifudk BuHpnfwhJ ocFg&rsm; jzpfcu dk o

f Ydk ra&mufyJ
ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ tjyifudk BuHpnfwhJ ocFg&awG[m
vJ uk, d xf J BuHpnfcu dk of Ydk ra&mufyJ ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQom
wnf;/

Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf; ûyvky&f ef BuHpnfwmawGu tMurf;pm;ocFg&awGb?J odrof rd af rGUarGU ûyvky&f ef BuHpnf

wmu tEkpm;ocFg&awGb/J tJ'gawGeYJ pyfNyD; ok;H oyfyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(6? 7) BuHpnfrI ocFg& tMurf;awGu BuHpnfrI ocFg& tEkrjzpf? tEkuvJ tMurf;rjzpf? xkx
d dk cPrSmyif
ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuf oGm;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

t,kwftjrwf ponfjzifh ½IykH

raumif;rIudk BuHpnfûyvkyw f o hJ cFg&awGu t,kwt f nHah wGb?J ukovdk t

f rI BuHpnfûyvkyw
f hJ ocFg&awGu
taumif; tjrwfawGb?J ukov dk x
f rJ mS vJ 'geukov dk x
f uf oDvukov dk u
f jrwfw,f? oDvxuf bm0emukov dk u
f
jrwfw,f? bm0emxJrmS vJ orxxuf 0dyóem ukov dk uf jrwfw,f? tJ'D t,kwt f jrwf ocFg&awGeYJ pyfNyD;
ok;H oyfyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(8? 9) ,kwn f w hH hJ tukov

dk o
f cFg&awG[m aumif;jrwfwu hJ o k v
dk f ocFg&awG jzpfcu dk o f Ydk ra&muf? taumif;
tjrwf ukov dk f ocFg&awGuvJ t,kwt f nHh tukov dk f ocFg&awG jzpfcu dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? xkx d dk cPrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk
csKyfysufomG ;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ 'geukov dk o
f cFg&onf oDvukov dk f
bm0emukov dk f jzpfcudk o f Ydk ra&muf? oDvukov dk f bm0emukov dk w f YdkuvJ 'geukov dk f apwemjzpfqo J Ydk ra&muf?
oDvukov dk f apwem ocFg&onf bm0emukov dk f ocFg&jzpfqo J Ydk ra&muf? bm0emukov dk f apwemuvJ oDv
ukov dk f apwem jzpfqo J Ydk ra&muf? orx bm0em ukov dk f apwemonf 0dyóem ½IrI ukov dk f apwem jzpfqo J Ydk
ra&muf? 0dyóemukov dk f apwemuvJ orx bm0em zj pfqo J Ydk ra&muf? xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuo f mG ;Mu
aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

'D tukov dk ef YJ ukov dk f ocFg&awGudk ok;H oyfqifjcifyu Hk awmh tvGeo f rd af rGUygw,f? 'gayrJh rjywf½rI w S f
aewJh a,m*DrmS awmh xkx d dk ocFg&awG xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeu f ek yf sufysufomG ;wmukd uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odEidk yf g
w,f/ Oyrm-azmif;w,f ydew f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; vkcd sif ESpo f ufwhJ BuHpnfrI jzpfvm,if tJ'gukd
vkcd sifw,f ESpo f ufw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S vf u dk &f w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw S v
f udk af wmh vkcd sifEpS o f ufwhJ tBuHu ½Irw S w f hJ
ukov dk jf zpfcudk o
f Ydk ra&mufcif ukeq f ;Hk oGm;wmukd b*FÓPfa&mufaewJh a,m*Du ykid ;f jcm; od&ygw,f/ ay;vSLrI
pm*ukd tm½kûH yNyD; 0rf;ajrmufwt hJ cg 0rf;ajrmufw,f? 0rf;ajrmufw,fvYdk ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw S w f t hJ cg pm*g
Ekówd orxukov dk f ocFg&[m ½Irw S cf u
dk o f Ydk ra&mufyJ ukeyf suo f mG ;wmukd b*FÓPf a&mufaewJh a,m*Du
ykid ;f jcm; od&ygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh azmif;w,f ydew f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if; tvGwf pdwu f ;l jzpfvmwJt h cg
tJ'D pdwu f ;l ukd ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw S v f u dk af wmh azmif;w,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S rf I ocFg&[m tvGwpf w d u f ;l
jzpfcu dk o f Ydk ra&mufyJ ukejf ywfomG ;w,f? tvGwpf w d u f ;l ocFg&[mvJ pdwu f ;l w,fvYdk ½Irw S cf u
dk o f Ydk ra&mufyJ
tewåvu©Pokwf 105

ukejf ywfomG ;w,f? tJ'vD dk wckwckaom ocFg&u tjcm; ocFg& wck wckjzpfcu dk o
f Ydk ra&mufyJ ukeq
f ;Hk ukeq
f ;Hk
oGm;ykuH dk a,m*Du uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odEidk yf gw,f/ tJ'v
D dk rodao;,ifawmh tJ'D 0dyóemÓPfrsKd;ukd
r&ao;bl;vkYd qk&d rSmbJ/ ,ck ta0;teD; ocFg&awGeYJ pyfNyD; ok;H oyfyu Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(10? 11) ta0;tm½ku H dk BuHpnfNyD;jzpfwhJ ocFg&[m teD;tm½kH BuHpnfcu dk o

f Ydk ra&muf? teD;BuHwhJ ocFg&
uvJ ta0;tm½kBH uHcu
dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? xkx d dk cPrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysuf oGm;MuaomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå
oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

ocFg&awGudk (11)yg; tjym;tm;jzifh cGjJ crf;a0bef ½Iyu

Hk awmh pko
H mG ;ygNyD? ,ck pdwf 0dnmPf ½Iyu
Hk dk zGijhf y
a[mMum;&rnf/ jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfryl Hk ygVduawmh--

(5) pdwf0dnmPfukd (11) yg; tjym;tm;jzifh a0befí ½IykH

,H udOdö 0dnmPH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEHé tZÑwåH

0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&duH 0g okcrk H 0g [DeH 0g yPDwH
0g ,H 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁH 0dnmPH aewH rr?
aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåmwd {0 arwH
,xmblwH or®yn Ü m, '|AÁ/H

twDwmem*wypöKyÜE-Hé twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜejf zpfaom? ,H udOdö 0dnmPH-trSwrf ½Sd tvk;H pkaH om
pdw0f nd mPfonf? tw¬-d ½Sd\/ tZÑwåH 0g-uk, d w f iG ;f pdwf jzpfap? A[d'g¨ 0g-uk, d yf pdwf jzpfap? MoVm&duH 0g-
pdwMf urf;jzpfap? okcrk H 0g-pdwEf jk zpfap? [DeH 0g-pdwn f jhH zpfap? yPDwH 0g-pdwaf umif; jzpfap? 'la& 0g-ta0;u
pdwjf zpfap? oEÅad u 0g-teD;u pdwjf zpfap? ,H- tMuif pdw0f n d mPfonf? tw¬-D ½Sd\? oAÁH wH 0dnmPH-xkd
tvk;H pkaH om pdw0f n
d mPfu?dk aewH rr-þ t&monf ighOpöm r[kw?f e {aom t[H to®-d þ t&monf ig
r[kw?f e ar {aom twåmwd-þt&monf ightwå r[kwf[lí? {0H-þokYd ? {wH-rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyef
wwfaom þ oabmuk?d ,xmblw-H [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? or®yn Ü m,-rSepf mG odaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzif?h
'|AÁ-H ½Ijriftyf\? 0g-½IjrifEidk af tmif tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h

'DygVdteufudk jrefrmoufouf twkcd sKyfjyef,if 'Dv&dk ygw,f/

jrefrmjyef twkdcsKyf

twdwf jzpfap? tem*wf jzpfap? ypöKyÜejf zpfap?

uk,
d wf iG ;f u jzpfap? uk,
d yf u jzpfap? tMurf; jzpfap? tEk
jzpfap? t,kwf tnHh jzpfap? taumif; tjrwf jzpfap? ta0;
jzpfap? teD; jzpfap? pdw0f n
d mPf[ol rQukd ]]igh[m r[kw?f ig
r[kw?f igh twår[kw}f }[k uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSew f idk ;f
odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf wJ/h tJ'gukd vku d qf Mdk u&r,f/

twdwf jzpfap/y/ trSet

f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I&
tm;xkw&f rnf/

tJ'g[m 0dnmPu©Em¨ ac:wJh pdwu f dk twdwf ponf (11) yg;aom tjym;wkYd jzifh cGjJ crf;a0befNyD; tedpö
'ku© tewå tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh ½I&ef nTejf yawmfrwl hJ a'oemawmfygbJ/ 'Dae&mrSm tedp[ ö k ½IyEHk iS hf ]](aeaom[ro®)d
þ t&monf ig r[kw}f }[k ½IyHk wlnaD Mumif;? 'ku[ © k ½IyEHk iS hf ]](aewH rr) þ t&monf igh[m r[kw}f }[k ½IyHk
wlnaD Mumif;? tewå[k ½IyEHk iS hf ]](e araom twåm) þt&monf igh twå r[kw}f }[k ½IyHk wlnaD Mumif;rsm;ukd þ
w&m;pmtkyf q|rykid ;f (ESm 90-ponf)rSm om"u ygVdEiS w hf uG ½Si;f jyxm;cJyh gNyD/

emrfcE¨m av;yg;xJrS 'D pdw0f n

d mPfqw dk muawmh txif½mS ;qk;H vkYd qk&d rSmbJ? Armt&yfo;Hk pum;tm;jzifh
avmb a'go ponfjzpfyu Hk ydk if vkcd siw
f phJ w
d f ESpo
f ufwphJ w
d f jypfrmS ;wJph w
d f ponfjzifh pdwu
f dk acgif;wyfNyD;
tewåvu©Pokwf 106

ajymavh½w dS ,f? t|uxmrsm;rSmvJ pdwu f dk a½S;OD;pGm jyNyD;awmhrS usefwhJ apwodurf sm;ukd ,SOb
f uftaejzifh
zGiahf vh½w
dS ,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D ae&mrSmvJ pdwuf dk cyfus,fus,f zGijhf yajym&rSmbJ/

twdwf 0dnmPf qkw d m a½S;a½S; b0rsm;u jzpfcw hJ hJ pdwvf ½J w

dS ,f/ ,ck b0wGif uav;oli,f b0u
jzpfcw hJ hJ pdwv
f ½J w
dS ,f/ tJ'u
D aemuf ,ck tcsdeo f Ydk ra&mufrD a½S;a½S; ESprf sm; vrsm; &ufrsm;u jzpfcw hJ phJ w
d v
f J
½Sw
d ,f? 'DuaeY twGi;f rSmvJ ,cktcsdef rwkid rf u D jzpfcw hJ hJ pdwv f J ½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'D twdwpf wd af wGxrJ mS a½S;b0rsm;u
jzpfcwhJ hJ pdwrf sm;[m ,ckb0okYd ygrvmbl;? xkad ½S;b0rsm;rSmyif csKyfaysmufcNhJ yD qkw d muawmh w&m;bufrmS
pdw0f ifpm;aewJh Ak'o ¨ moem0if yk*Kd¾ vfwYdk taetm;jzifh xif½mS ;odomw,fvYdk qk&d rSmygbJ/

'gayrJh twåpJG tm;BuD;wJo h al wG&UJ taetm;jzifah wmh tJ'v D o dk jd rif oabmaygufzYdk &mawmif rvG,v f S
aybl;/ bmaMumifv h J qkad wmhum-twåp½JG o dS al wGu trsm;tm;jzifh pdw0f n d mPfudk twåaumifç vdyjf ymaumifç
0dnmOfaumifvYdk xifrw S pf vJG rf;aeMuw,f? a½S;a½S; b0rsm;u pdw0f n d mPf[m b0a[mif;rsm;u ½kyu f ,
dk yf supf ;D
oGm;wJt h cg tJ'D ½kyu f ,dk af [mif;rsm;xJrS xGucf gG vmcJNh yD;awmh ,ckb0opf ½kyu f , dk o
f pfxrJ mS 0ifNyD; wnfaew,f?
trd0rf;wGi;f rSpí ,ckxufxd wnfaew,f? aemifvJ aoonftxd wnfaer,f? aowJt h cgvJ aemifb0opf
½kyu
f ,
dk xf rJ mS ajymif;a½TUNyD; wnfaevdrrhf ,fvYdk xifrw S f pGvJ rf;aeMuwJh twGuaf Mumifyh gbJ/ tJ'v D dk pGvJ rf;yku
H dk
þw&m;pmtkyf pwkwy¬ idk ;f (ESm-50 ponf)rSm omwd&[ef;\ 0w¬Kjzifv h J azmfjycJyh gNyD/

b0tqufquf pdwfjzpfykH

trSeu f awmh pdwf qkw d m[m ,cka,m*Drsm; ½Irw S af e,if; uk, d yf idk Ó f Pfjzifyh if odxm;NyD; jzpfMuwJt h wkid ;f
wpuúeYf rQawmif rwnfb;l ? cPrpJ csKyfysufaewmbJ? tJ'v D dk cPrpJ topfta[mif;ajymif;vJ csKyfysufaeyku H v
dk J
þw&m;pmtkyf (ESm 58 -ponfrmS ) 0Dxpd w d f jzpfyrHk sm;ESiw hf uG jycJyh gNyD/ tJ'v D dk jycJw
h t hJ wkid ;f wb0wb0ü
aocgeD;umvrSm uH ur®erd w d f *wderd w d uf dk tm½kûH yNyD; r&PmoEé0x D d qkw d m jzpfw,f? jzpfyu Hk awmh-(qifjcif
NyD;cg aZmw'g? BuH&mpdwjf zpfy-Hk vkYd ESm 59 -rSm) jycJw h t hJ wkid ;f b0ifpw d t f pOfrS qifjcifwhJ tm0ZÆe;f pdwjf zpfvm
w,f? ûybl;wJh ukov dk u f u
H dk jzpfap? tukov dk uf uH jdk zpfap? okYd r[kwf xku d ûH ypOfu tm½keH rd w d u
f jdk zpfap? okYd r[kwf
jzpf&rnfb h 0u tajctae *wderd w d u
f dk jzpfap qifjcifwhJ pdwyf gbJ? tJ'pD w d cf sKyfomG ;wJh tcg tJ't D m½ku
H dk tm½kûH y
pGJvrf;NyD; aZmpdwf 5-Budrjf zpfw,f? tJ'D aZmpdwt f pOfjywfomG ;wJt h cg tJ't D m½ku H bdk J tm½kûH yNyD; w'g½kaH c:wJh pdwf
2-Budrf jzpfw,f? tJ'D w'g½kpH w d f qk;H oGm;wJt h cg b0ifpw d jf yefjzpfw,f? tJ'D b0ifpw d w f Budrf ESpBf udrjf zpfNyD;,if
tJ'b D 0u pdwt f pOf jywfomG ;w,f/ tJ'v D dk pdwt f pOfjywfNyD; tJ'b D 0rS a½GUavsmoGm;wJt h wGuf tJ'aD emufq;Hk
b0ifpw d u f dk pkwpd w
d v
f Ydk ac:w,f/

tJ'pD wk pd w d f csKyfq;Hk oGm;onfEiS hf wûydief uf aocgeD;u xifay:cJw h hJ ukovdk u f H tukov dk uf t

H m;avsmfpmG
aocgeD;u &cJw h t hJ m½ku
H dk pGNJ yD; b0opfü pdwt f opf jzpfw,f? tJ'pD wd uf dk a½S;b0ESihf qufpyfwhJ y#doaE¨pw d v
f Ydk
ac:w,f? tJ'yD #doaE¨pw d f csKyfomG ;wJah emuf b0ifpw
d af wG tqufqufjzpfomG ;w,f? tqif; toHponf rsufpx d J
em;xJ ponfrmS xifay:vmwJt h cg tJ'b D 0iftpOf jywfNyD; qifjcifwphJ w d f jrifwphJ wd f Mum;wJph wd f ponfawG
tqufquf jzpfomG ;w,f? ,ck vlawGrmS jrifwphJ w d f Mum;wJph w
d f ponfawG jzpfaeovkyd gbJ/ tJ'D pdwjf zpfyHk
t&tm;jzifh pdwq f w dk m wpdwcf sif;tqufquf topftopf jzpfjzpfNyD; csKyfysuf csKyfysuo f mG ;wmbJ? a½S;b0rS
pkwpd w
d [ f m a½S;b0wGiyf J csKyfysufcw hJ ,f? ,ck rsufarSmufb0ü pdw[ f m a½S;uHaMumifjh zpfay:vmwJh pdwt f opfy?J
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tewåvu©Pokwf 107

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tewåvu©Pokwf 108

tJ'v D dk ½Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm od&wJah ,m*Du jrifopd w d [ f m ½Iocd u

dk f BuHocd udk f Mum;odcu dk f ponfoYdk
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tewåvu©Pokwf 109

pdwåmEkyóemt& odjrifykH

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oGm;w,f BuHw,fponfjzifh ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D ½dk rI wS v f u dk af wmh rysHUvGiahf wmhyJ rSwaf eus tm½kw H iG o
f m pdwu f
wnfNidraf ew,f? tJ'vD dk wnfNidraf ewJph w
d u
f v
dk J ½Irw S Nf yD; od&wmbJ/

(r[*¾Kwfpw d çf tEkw&å pdwaf c:wJh ½lypsmef t½lypsmef pdwrf sm;ukd odyu

Hk awmh psmef&yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;eJYom qkid yf g
w,f? psmefr&wJh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;eJYawmh rqkid yf gbl;/)
tewåvu©Pokwf 110

rSwaf eusudk rSwaf e,if; trSwaf umif;NyD; rSw&f m rSw&f mtm½küH om wnfNidraf e,if tJ'v D w dk nfNidraf ewJh
pdwuf vdk J tvkv d ydk if odoo d mG ;wmbJ/ rwnfNidrw f phJ wd f jzpfay:vm,ifvJ tJ'pD w d uf dk ½Irw S &f w,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw S f
vku
d ,f if pdw[ f m rSwv f suf rSwv f suo f mjzpfNyD; wnfNidro f mG ;wmbJ? tJ'v D dk wnfNidro f mG ;wJph w
d u
f v dk J tvkv d ydk if
xif½Sm; od&ygw,f? ½Irw d phJ wd uf dk (0drw
k )å udavomrS vGww f phJ w
d af c:w,f? r½Irw
d phJ w
d uf dk (t0drw k )å udavomrS
rvGww f phJ w
d af c:w,f/ tJ'pD w d rf sm;ukvd J a,m*Du ½Irw S Nf yD;odwmbJ/

,ckajymcJw h m[m owdy|meokwrf mS bk&m;a[mxm;wJh pdwmå Ekyóem jzpfygG ;ykyH gbJ/ tJ'pD w d må Ekyóem
t& ½Ioyd x Hk rJ mS wyfrufom,mwJph w d ?f a'gopdw?f ysUH vGiw hf phJ w
d ?f rwnfNidrw
f phJ w
d f ponfawG[m Murf;wrf;wJh
pdwaf wGb?J tJ'pD w d Mf urf;awG uif;oGm;wJt h cg jzpfwu hJ ok v dk f tAsmuwpdwaf wGu El;nHw h hJ pdwaf wGb/J 'gaMumifh
jzpfqwJ &m;awGudk rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*D[m Murf;wrf;wJph w d uf El;nHw
h phJ w
d f jzpfcudk o
f Ydkra&muf ponfjzifh
ok;H oyfNyD; odjrifomG ;ygw,f/ tJ'v D dk ok;H oyfyuHk dk vku
d q f Mdk u&r,f/

tMurf;tEk ponfjzifh ½IykH

(6? 7) Murf;wrf;wJph wd [ f m El;nHw h phJ w

d jf zpfcu
dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? El;nHw
h phJ w
d u
f vJ Murf;wrf;wJph w
d f jzpfcu
dk o
f Ydk
ra&muf? xkx
d cdk PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

pdwt f ,kwtf jrwf cGyJ u

Hk awmh ocFg& t,kwf tjrwf cGyJ t Hk wkid ;f yif oifah wmfavmufygNyD? 'gaMumifh tJ'D
ocFg&cGyJ jHk zifh pdwt
f ,kwtf jrwf cGjJ crf;ok;H oyfyu
Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(8? 9) ,kwn f w hH hJ tukov dk pf w d u f aumif;jrwfwhJ ukov dk t f Asmuwpdwf jzpfcu dk o f Ydkra&muf? aumif;jrwf

wJh ukov dk t
f Asmuwpdwu f vJ ,kwn f w hH hJ tukov dk pf wd jf zpfcu
dk o f Ydk ra&muf? xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;
aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/ 'geukov dk pf w
d uf oDvukov dk pf w d f bm0emukov dk pf w
d f
jzpfcudk of Ydkra&muf? oDvukov dk pf w
d f bm0emukov dk pf w d wf YdkuvJ 'geukov dk pf w
d jf zpfcudk o f Ydkra&muf? oDvukov dk f
pdwuf bm0em ukov dk pf w d jf zpfcu dk o f Ydkra&muf? bm0em ukov dk pf wd uf vJ oDvukov dk pf wd jf zpfcu
dk o f Ydkra&muf/
orxbm0empdwu f 0dyóem½Icu dk o f Ydk ra&muf? 0dyóempdwu f vJ orxtm½k½H cI u dk o
f Ydk ra&muf? xkx d cdk PrSmyif
ukeqf ;Hk csKyfysuof mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQomwnf;/

jrifrI Mum;rI ponfudk ½Irw S jf cif; r½Sw

d hJ yuwdy*k Kd¾ vfawG[m ta0;ukd Munfjh rifae&mu teD;ukd
Munfjh rifwthJ cg ta0;jrifwphJ w d u f yJ teD;a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? teD;ukd Munfjh rifae&mu ta0;ukd
Munfjh rifwthJ cg teD;jrifwhJ pdwu f yif ta0;a&mufomG ;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ xkYd twlyif ta0;u toHMum;
ae&mu teD;utoH Mum;wJt h cg ta0;rS pdwu f yJ teD; a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? teD;u toHMum;
ae&mu ta0;u toH Mum;wJt h cgvJ teD;rS pdwu f yJ ta0;a&mufomG ;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ tjyifu teHYudk
eHae&mu uk, d x
f u J teHYudk eH&wJt h cg ta0;rS pdwu f yJ teD;a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? uk, d x
f u
J teHYudk
eHae&mu tjyifu teHYudk eH&wJh tcgvJ teD;rS pdwu f yJ ta0;a&mufomG ;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ ('gu
txif½mS ;qk;H jzifh jywmbJ)/ ajczsm;ponf ta0;ü xdoad e&mu &ifxJ ESv;Hk xJ uk, d x
f üJ xdo&d wJth cg ta0;pdwf
u teD;a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? &ifxJ ESv;Hk xJ uk, d x
f J xdow d hJ ae&mu ajczsm; ponfü xdo&d wJh
tcgrSmvJ teD;pdwu f ta0;a&mufomG ;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ ta0; BuHoad e&mu teD;ü BuHow d thJ cg
ta0;pdwu f teD;a&mufvmw,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f? teD;BuHoad e&mu ta0;ukd BuHow d hJ tcgrSmvJ teD;pdwu f
ta0;a&muf oGm;w,fvYdk xifaeMuw,f/ (ta0;ü tqif;ukd jrifo&d mrS teD;ü Mum;od eHod pm;od xdod BuHow d hJ
tcg ponfjzifv h J cGjJ cm;jyEkid yf gonf) tusOf;tm;jzifh ajym&,ifawmh wpdww f nf; tNrJ wnfaew,f? tJ'D
wpdww f nf;uyif teD; ta0; tm;vk;H ukd odaew,fvYdk xifaeMuwmygbJ/

jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f eHwidk ;f pm;odwidk ;f xdow d idk ;f BuHow d idk ;f rjywf½rI w S af ewJh a,m*Duawmh ta0;u
pdw[f m teD;okYd ra&muf? teD;u pdwv f J ta0;okYd ra&muf? xkx d cdk PrSmyif ukeq f ;Hk csKyfysufomG ;w,f qkw
d mukd
uk,
d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odjrif qk;H jzwfEidk yf gw,f? tJ'vD dk odjrifNyD; ok;H oyfyu Hk dk vku
d q
f Mdk u&r,f/

(10? 11) ta0;ü jriford I Mum;odrI BuHord -I paom pdwu f teD;okYd ra&muf? teD;ü jriford I BuHord I
Mum;odrI paom pdwu
f vJ ta0;okYd ra&muf? xkx
d dk jzpfcu
dk cf PrSmyif ukeq
f ;Hk csKyfysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifh tedpö 'ku©
tewåoabmw&m;rQomwnf;/
tewåvu©Pokwf 111

pdw0f n
d mPfudk (11)yg; tjym;tm;jzifh ½Iyu Hk awmh jynfph oHk mG ;ygNyD/ ,ck tJ'D ½Iyq
Hk idk &f m ygVdawmf\ jrefrm
jyefoufouf tusO;f csKyfudk qkNd yD; w&m;odr;f &r,f? uJ vku
d qf Mdk u/

twdwf jzpfap? tem*wf jzpfap? ypöKyÜef jzpfap? uk, d wf iG ;f u

jzpfap? uk,
d yf u jzpfap? tMurf;jzpfap? tEkjzpfap? t,kwf tnHh jzpfap?
taumif; tjrwf jzpfap? ta0; jzpfap? teD; jzpfap? pdw0f n d mPf[o l rQudk
]]igh[m r[kw?f ig r[kw?f igh twår[kw}f }[k trSew f idk ;f odjrifatmif ½I&
tm;xkw&f rnf/

þ tewåvu©Pokww f &m;awmfudk ½kad opGm em,l rSwo f m;Mu&aom "r®o0e ukov

dk af pwemwkYd \
tpGr;f tmEkabmfaMumif/h y/ edAmÁ efudk vsifjrefpmG qku
d af &mufí rsufarSmufûyEkid Mf uygap/

om"k om"k om"k/

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBuD;

owårykdif; NyD;\/
tewåvu©Pokwf 112

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfBu;D
t|rykid ;f
1325-ckESpf awmfovif;vjynfhaeYESifh vqkwf 8-&ufaeYrsm;ü a[monf/

w&m;tEkoaE¨

tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;awmfudk a[mvmcJw h m tBudrt f m;jzifh 10-Budr½f cdS NhJ yD? tykid ;f tm;jzifah wmh (7)
ykid ;f ½Scd NhJ yD? ,ck t|rykid ;f rSmawmh tNyD;owfzYdk ygbJ/ okwyf gVdawmf&if;rSmawmh (4) ykid ;f ½Sw d t hJ eufu yXrykid ;f rSm ]]½kyf
a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfqw dk hJ cE¨mig;yg;[m ESyd pf ufwwfaomaMumifv h J twGi;f om; twår[kwb f ;l ? rdrt
d vkd
twkid ;f rjzpfjcif; tpk;d r&jcif;aMumifv h J twGi;f om;twå r[kwb f ;l }}vkYd odapcJyh gw,f/

'kw,
d ykid ;f rSmawmh cE¨mig;yg;[m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? qif;&Jvm; csr;f omvm;vkYd ar;awmfrNl yD;aemuf rNrJ
qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwo hJ abmw&m;ukd igh[mbJ igbJ ightwåbv J Ydk ½Ijrifxifrw
S &f ef roifah Mumif;ukd odap
awmfrcl yhJ gw,f/

wwd,ykid ;f rSmawmh cE¨mig;yg;ukd (11) tjym;tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;a0befNyD; igh[mr[kwf igr[kwf ightwår[kwf
[k ½Ijrif&ef (tedpö 'ku© tewå[k ½Ijrif&ef) a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gw,f/

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D PfjzpfNyD; r*fÓPf zkv
d Ó
f Pf tpOfjzifh t&[wår*fzv dk af &mufvsuf &[EÅm
jzpfyrHk sm;ukd a[mMum;awmf rlcyhJ gw,f/ a[mMum;awmfryl Hk ygVduawmh--
0dyóem ÓPfpOfwufoGm;ykH (okwf\ tqkH;ykdif;)

{0H yóH bdua© 0 okw0g t&d,om0aum ½lyo®rd dÜ

edAEdÁ w
´ ?d a0'em,yd edAEdÁ w ´ ?d onm,yd edAEdÁ w
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edAEdÁ w´ ?d 0dnmPo®rd dÜ edAEdÁ w
´ ?d

bdua© 0-&[ef;wkYd ? {0H-þqkt d yfcNhJ yD;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh yóH-yóaEÅm-½Ijrifaom? okw0g-

tMum;tjrifEiS hf jynfph aHk om? t&d,om0aum-jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynfo h m;jzpfaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf? ½lyo®rd -dÜ ½kywf &m;ü
vnf;? edAEdÁ w ´ -d raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmh\? a0'em,yd-cHpm;rI a0'emüvnf;? edAEdÁ w ´ -d raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUav
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ocFg&wkYd üvnf;? edAEdÁ w ´ -d raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmh\? 0dnmPo®rd -dÜ BuHord pI w d 0f n
d mPfüvnf;? edAEdÁ w ´ -d raysmf
rarGU NiD;aiGUavawmh\-wJh/

tJ'g[m 0dyóemÓPfawG tpOftwkid ;f jzpfygG ;NyD;awmh NiD;aiGUwJh edAEdÁ Ó ´ PfjzpfyuHk dk jyawmfrwl mygbJ/
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hJ wkid ;f ½Ijrifw,f}}qkw d phJ um;jzifh ]]tedpö 'ku© tewå[k ½Ijrif&ef ({0arwH ,xmblwH
or®yn Ü m, '|AÁ-H vkYd ) nTeMf um;awmfrw l t
hJ wkid ;f ½IjrifaewJyh *k Kd¾ vf}}vkYd qkv d ydk gw,f? tJ'v D dk ½IjrifwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf[m
okw0g-tMum;tjrifeYJ jynfph aHk eawmhwmygbJ/ ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwYdk udk tedpö 'ku© tewå [k
½IjrifEidk af tmif jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f eHwidk ;f pm;odwidk ;f xdow d idk ;f BuHow d idk ;f ½IrwS &f r,f qkw d mvJ Mum;bl;w,f?
tJ'Dvkd ½Iod&wm[m Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrf 2-yg;rQbJ? ½Iow d muvJ emrfw&m;rQbJ qkw d mukv d J Mum;bl;w,f?
taMumif;ESit hf usKd;w&m;rQbJ qkw d mvJ Mum;bl;w,f? cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJh tedpö 'ku© tewåw&m;rQbJqw dk mvJ
Mum;bl;w,f? tJ'v D dk Mum;bl; rSwo f m;bl;wmukd tm*rokwac:w,f? tJ'gu r½Iru D wnf;u jynfph v Hk mcJwh hJ
tMum;okwbJ/ ,ck w&m;emy&dowfrsm;vJ tJ'v D dk Mum;bl;Muw,f r[kwv f m;? (Mum;bl;ygw,fb&k m;)? tJ'v D dk
Mum;bl;,if tm*rokw ac:wJh tMum;okweJY jynfph aHk ewmbJ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 113

aemufNyD;awmh ½Irw
S af e,if; azmif;wm ydew f m auG;wm qefYwm vIy½f mS ;wm awmifw h if;wm wGe;f uefwm
cufrmwm Murf;wm Ekwm acsmnufwm ylwm at;wm jrif&wm Mum;&wm eH&wm pm;od&wm xdo&d wm-'Dv[ dk m
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d m
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d mG ;w,f/ 'gvJ
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J rf;w,f?
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aemufNyD;awmh ½Iod&wJh ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfa&mç ½Iow d hJ oabma&m topftopfjzpfNyD;
ysufysufomG ;wmukv
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l t
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,ckajymcJwh t
hJ wkid ;f ½Irw
S af e,if; ½kyef mrfudk cGjJ cm;odyrHk pS NyD; tjzpftysuf tedpö ponfwYdk udk uk, d w f idk af wGU
tm;jzifh odjrifwmawG[m t"d*rokwawGb?J wqifMh um;rQjzifh r[kwyf J uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh odjrifwmbJ? tJ'gukd
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f Pfjzifh ½IjrifEidk wf yhJ *k Kd¾ vf
[m tMum;tjrifeYJ jynfph aHk eawmhwmbJvYdk bke;f BuD;u ajymcJyh gw,f/ tewåvu©Pokwf w&m;ukMd um;emaeMuwJh
yOö0*¾D &[ef;awmf ig;yg;uawmh aomwmyef jzpfaeMuwJt h wGuf ,ck ajymcJw h hJ tMum;tjrifrsK;d eJY jynfph aHk eMu
aMumif; ajymp&mrvkyd gbl;/

tJ'v D dk (tm*rokwac:wJ)h tMum; (t"d*rokwac:wJ)h tjrifeYJ jynfph aHk ewJh bk&m;wynfjh zpfo[ l m
jrifwidk ;f Mum;wkid ;f awGUwkid ;f odwidk ;f xif½mS ;ay:vmorQ ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfqw dk hJ cE¨mig;yg;ukd
ygVdawmft& wwd,ykid ;f u ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f ('Dw&m;pmtkyt f & qk, d ifawmh q|rykid ;f owårykid ;f rsm;u ajymcJw h hJ
twkid ;f ) uk, d yf idk Ó
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tvGef 0rf;ajrmufwhJ yDwt d xl;ukvd aJ wGU&w,f? uk, d pf wd \
f Nidr;f at;rI ayghyg;rI El;nHrh I oefprG ;f rI ajzmifrh wfrI
txl;awGuv dk J awGU&w,f? 'gaMumifh uk, d af &mpdwyf g b,fvdk aumif;rSe;f rodatmif txl;aumif;aewmukv d J
awGU&w,f? trSwo f wduvJ rrSwEf idk wf m r½Sb d ;l vkYd xif&avmufatmif tvGeaf umif;aew,f? todÓPfuvJ
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o'¨guvJ b,fawmhurS rjzpfpzl; txl;Munfvifaew,f/

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ukeuf ek f ysuyf suf oGm;wmuko d m awGUae&w,f? Oyrm azmif;w,fvYkd ½Irw S vf u dk ,
f if azmif;wmvJ aysmufomG ;
w,f? ½Iow d mvJ wygwnf;yif aysmufomG ;w,f? wazmif; wazmif;rSm w&dy&f yd ef YJ aysmufaysmufomG ;wmawGudk
rsm;pGmawGU&w,f? ½Iow d mawGuvJ rsm;pGmyif wygwnf; aysmufaysmuf oGm;wmbJ? tJ'gukv d J ½Iwidk ;f ½Iwidk ;f odod
oGm;w,f/ odp&mtm½kH ysufomG ;wmu tvsifusNyD; ½Iow d mu aemufusaew,fvYdk awmif xif&wwfw,f? tJ'v D dk
xifwm[m trSeyf gbJ? BuHw,fvYdk ½Io&d wJt h cg BuHwmaysmufomG ;NyD;rS ½Iopd w d u f jzpfvmwmbJ? tjcm;tm½kaH wG
ukd ½Io&d mrSmvJ enf;wlygbJ? odp&mu aysmufomG ;NyD;rS ½Iord u I jzpfvmwmcsnf;ygbJ/ 'gayrJh ÓPfEpk Ofuawmh
tm½keH YJ tod[m ûydiwf bl vJ Ydk xifc&hJ w,f? tJ'v D dk xifwmodwmvJ okweå f a'oemawmft& ypöKyÜeu f dk ½Iowd ,f
qkdwmeJY tnDygbJ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 114

w&dy&f yd ef YJ tvGev
f sijf refpmG ysuyf suof mG ;wmukcd sn;f awGUae&awmh b,ftcsed rf qkd aoEkid w f ,f qkw d mukd
od&wJt h wGuf aMumufp&mbJvYdk xifjrifvmw,f? tJ'gu b,ÓPfb?J aMumufp&mxifawmh raumif;bl;vkYd
tjypfjrifvmw,f? tJ'gu tm'De0ÓPfb/J tjypfjrifvmawmh tjypf½w dS hJ ½kyef mrfcE¨mawGrmS raysmfEidk af wmhb;l ?
NiD;aiGUvmw,f? tJ'gu edAEdÁ Ó ´ Pf (edA'dÁ gÓPf)bJ/ tJ'v D dk edAEdÁ Ó
´ Pfjzpfyu
Hk dk &nfNyD;awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u
]]½lyo®drÜd edAÁdE´wd-½kyüf vnf; raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmhonf}}ponfjzifh a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/

'DeAd EdÁ Ó
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dk f ewf
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jynfph b Hk Ydk ajr§mv f ifah wmifw h aew,f/ ,ckawmh tJ'v D rdk aysmaf rGUawmhb;l ? vlcsr;f om jzpfaew,f qkw d mvJ 'Dvdk
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NyD; NiD;aiGUaew,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ig;zrf;wJo h [
l m ig;BuD;xifNyD; a>rqk;d BuD;ukd qkyu f idk xf m;,if; a>rqk;d BuD;rSe;f
odwt hJ cg qkyu f idk rf xm;vkad wmhyJ NiD;aiGUovkyd gbJw/hJ tJ'D Oyrmtjynft h pku
H adk wmh oDv0EÅow k eå w
f &m;awmf (ESm
167)rSm Munf½h EI idk yf gw,f/

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h NyD; aysmaf ewmbJ/ ,ckrw S f
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a0'emponfawG[m 'Dvdk vsifjrefpmG ysufysufomG ;rSmcsnf;bJvYdk qifjcifNyD; NiD;aiGUaeygw,f/ tJ'v D dk edAEdÁ Ó
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jzpfNyD; wu,fNiD;aiGUbkYd &m ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

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hJ PfjzpfNyD;awmh wu,fpeG Yf vw T Ef idk af tmif
qufvufNyD; wzef½rI wS f tm;xkwof mG ;Ekid rf mS ? tJ'v
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ocFg½kayu©mÓPfu &ifo h ef jynfph yHk grS t&d,r*fÓPf zkv d Ó f Pfjzifh edAmÁ efudk rsufarSmufûyNyD; aomwmyef
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´ Pf tppfjzpfatmif ½Irw S t
f m;xkwzf Ydk &m tvGet f a&;
BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'v
D dk ta&;BuD;wJt
h wGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu f 'Dvv dk J a[mawmfryl gw,f/

tedpöjrifvQif edAÁdE´ÓPfjzpfonf

oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpmö ? ,'g ynm, yówd/

tx edAEdÁ w
´ d 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0do'k ,
d¨ m/

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l ? ,'g-tMuiftcgü? ynm,
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-½kyef mrfw&m;tm;vk;H [laom qif;&Jü? edAEdÁ w
´ -d raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmh\/ {o-{aom-þokYd raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGU
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&aMumif; vrf;aumif; vrf;rSeyf gaywnf; wJ/h
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½kyef mrfocFg&awGudk pGeYf vw T cf sifw,f? pGeYf vw T Ef idk af tmifvJ qufNyD; ½Irw S t f m;xkwo f mG ;w,f? tJ'v D dk tm;xkwf
tewåvu©Pokwf 115

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l mygbJ/ xkYd twlyif 'kux © ifNyD; NiD;aiGUyku
H v
dk J 'Dvdk
a[mawmfryl gw,f/

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oaAÁ ocFg&m 'kum© wd? ,'g ynm, yówd/
tx edAÁdE´wd 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0do'k ,
d¨ m/

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H ek af om? ocFg&m-uH pdwf Owk tm[m& paom taMumif;w&m;wkYd u aygif;pknn D w
G v
f suf
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f rIudk ûyvkyw f hJ apwemocFg&tjzpfjzifh
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paom taMumif;aMumiffh jzpfaewJh ½kyef mrfw&m;rsm;uko d m &nf½, G yf gw,f? tJ'D ½kyef mrfawGxrJ mS vJ 0dyóem\
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S af e&w,f? tJ'v D tdk cgrSm
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tewåvu©Pokwf 116

tewåjrifvQif edAÁdE´ÓPfjzpfonf

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tx edAEdÁ w
´ d 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0do'k ,
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tewåvu©Pokwf 120

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h mbJ? 'gayrJh tJ'D ÓPftqifh
rSmawmh rxif½mS ;vSygbl;? b*FÓPf tqifrh mS tawmftwef xif½mS ;ygw,f? aumif;aumif; xif½mS ;wmuawmh
'DocFg½kayu©mÓPfusrSbJ odoo d mom xif½mS ;ygw,f? tJ'v D dk &[EÅm\*kPef YJ wpdwwf a'otm;jzifh jynfph Hk
aewmukd od&,if tJ'v D dk a,m*Dudk ab;u yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;uvJ Munfñpdk &m aumif;w,f? olwyg;u rMunfñadk wmif
a,m*Du ol uk, d w
f idk af wmh tifrwef Munfñpdk &m tm;&p&m aumif;aewmbJ/ uJ 'D aqmify'k t f yk'd u
f av;ukd
xyfqdk Mu&r,f/

csrf;om qif;&J ½INrJwn l ?D

aMumifMh u rûy rSw½f I vG,o f nf?
ocFg½k nDrI *kPfokH;rnf/

(3) ½IrSwf& vG,fw,f

wwd,*kPt f *Fguawmh txl;aMumifMh u rûy&bJeYJ ½Irw S &f wm vG,af eygw,fw/hJ tJ'D *kPyf 'k &f UJ rS&D m ygVd
uawmh ocFg&0dped ae rZÑwåH [kwmG -ocFg&wkYd udk ½Iord üI tv,ftvwf oabm½So d nf jzpfí -vkYd jyqkx d m;wJh
0do'k rd¨ *feYJ ocFga&ok 0d, awoH 0dped aeyd O'godeH [kwmG -vkYd zGijhf y axmufcx H m;wJh 0do'k rd¨ *f r[m#DumygbJ/
½Iord üI tv,ftvwf tnDtrQ jzpfw,fvYdk qkx d m;&mrSm ]]ocFg½kayu©mqkw d m t½IcH ocFg&wkYd uo dk m vspfvsL
½Ioifhw,f? ½IodrIuadk wmh vspfvsLr½Ioifb h ;l r[kwyf gvm;}}vkYd apm'emp&m½Sw d t
hJ wGuf #Dumu 'Dvdk zGijhf y
axmufcx H m;ygw,f? t½Ico H cFg&wkYd ü vspfvsL½Iovkb d J ,if; ocFg&awGudk pl;prf;½Iow d hJ 0dyóemüvJ tnDtrQ
vspfvsL½IwmygbJ wJ/h a,m*D[m atmufyidk ;f ÓPfawGwek ;f u qk, d if tm½kaH y:atmifvJ txl;aMumifMh u ûy&w,f?
½Iord I jzpfatmifvJ txl;aMumifMh u pku d &f w,f? 'DocFg½kayu©mÓPfusawmh ½Iopd &m tm½kaH y:atmifvJ aMumifMh u
rpku
d &f awmhb;l ? ½Iord I jzpfatmifvJ aMumifMh u rpku d &f awmhb;l ? tm½ku H vJ wckNyD;wck tvkv d dk xifay:aew,f?
ay:vmorQukd ½Iord u I vJ txl;aMumifMh urûy&bJ ½Io½d o I o d mG ;aew,f? ½IrwS &f wm[m tvGef vG,u f al eygw,f/
'gaMumifh aMumifMh u rûy&yJeYJ ½Irw S vf Ydk vG,u f w l ,fqw dk mukd aqmify'k w f ck pDxm;wmygbJ/ ,ck ajymcJw h hJ
*kPo f ;Hk yg;[m tnDtrQ vspfvsL½Ijcif;eJY pyfqidk w f hJ *kPt f *Fgrsm;ygbJ/ xl;jcm;wJh *kPo f ;Hk yg;uawmh aqmify'k u f
pNyD; qkMd u&r,f/

(c) Mum½Snpf mG vJ wnfNrJ olwnf?

Mumavomí odraf rGUavonf?
tm½kw
H jcm; jyefYomG ; uif;onf?
ocFg½k xl;rI *kPfokH;rnf/

(4) Mum½SnfpGm wnfw,f

atmufyidk ;f ÓPfawGwek ;f uqk, d if wjcm;ukd pdwf rxGuyf J em&D0ufcefY wem&DcefYawmif wnfbYdk

rvG,b f ;l ? 'D ocFg½kayu©mÓPfusawmh wem&DavmufvJ t½Sed rf ysuf wnfaew,f? 2-em&D 3-em&D ponfvJ
t½Sed rf ysuf wnfaewwfygw,f/ tJ'gukd ]Mum½Snpf mG vJ wnfNrJow l nf}-vkYd qkxd m;wmygbJ? tJ'v D dk Mum½Snf
wnfy[ Hk m 'DÓPfjzpfb;l wJh a,m*DawG&UJ uk, d af wGUygbJ/ rS&D m om"uygVduawmh oEÅ|d em ynm-aumif;pGmwnf
wJh ynm[m ocFg½kayu©mÓPfbv J Ydk qkw
d hJ y#dorÇ'd gr*f ygVdawmfygbJ/ tJ'rD mS aumif;pGm wnfyu Hk dk 0do'k rd̈ *f
r[m#Dumu ÓPó-ocFg½kayu©mÓPf\? oEÅme0aoe-tpOftwef; oEÅmeftvkt d m;jzif?h y0wård m[-jzpfyu Hk dk
qkw
d ,f-vkYd zGijhf yxm;ygw,f/ [kww f ,f? Mum½Snpf mG wnfrS aumif;pGmwnfw,fvYdk qko d ifw
h mbJ/

(5) Mumav omí odrfarGUw,f

yOör*kPx f ;l uawmh okyaÜ *¾ yd|H 0¥d,rmeH 0d,-Aef;xJü qift h yf 0kid ;f tyfwhJ rkUH rIeYf [m Mumav Mumav
El;nHo
h mG ;ovkyd J odraf rGUEl;nHo
h mG ;w,f qkwd hJ 0do'k rd̈ *fEiS hf tnDygbJ? ocFg½kayu©mÓPf[m jzpfcgpuwnf;u
tjcm; atmufÓPfrsm;xuf odraf rGUygw,f? 'gayrJh jzpfcgpxuf Mumav Mumav omomNyD; odraf rGU odraf rGU
vmygw,f? tJ'gvJ a,m*DwYdk \ uk, d af wGUjzifyh if xif½mS ;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ]Mumav omí odraf rGUavonfvYdk }
aqmify'k rf mS qkx
d m;w,f/
tewåvu©Pokwf 121

(6) tm½kHwjcm; jyefYroGm;bl;

aemufq;Hk *kPx f ;l uawmh-tm½kw H jcm; jyefYomG ;uif;onfw/hJ atmufyidk ;f ÓPfawGwek ;f uawmh pdwu f
tm½kw H yg;okYd jyefYviG hf jyefYviG o hf mG ;wwfw,f? 'DÓPfusawmh pdwu f wjcm;tm½krH sm;qDudk jyefYomG ;wm r½Sd
oavmufyJ jzpfaew,f/ tvGwt f m½kaH wGom r[kwb f ;l ? ½Ioifw h hJ tm½kaH wGxrJ mS awmif jzefYvYdk r&bJ ½Sad ewwf
w,f/ b*FÓPfponfwek ;f u wuk, d vf ;Hk u tawGUtxdawGudk jzefYNyD; ½Irw S af e,if tpOftwkid ;f wuk, d v f ;Hk rSm
jyefYNyD; odood mG ;wmbJ? 'DÓPfusawmh tJ'v D dk jzefYvYdk r&bJ ½Irw S af eus tm½kt H enf;i,frmS om ½Iov d suf ½Iov d suf
jzpfaewwfw,f? Oyrm-wuk, d vf ;Hk ukd jzefYNyD; ½Irw S af e&mu rSwaf eusjzpfwhJ azmif;wm ydew f m xkid w f m xdwm
'Dav;cküom tpOftwkid ;f odvsuf odvsuf jzpfaewwfw,f? tJ'D av;ckxu J vJ xkid w
f ,fqw dk hJ uk,
d Bf uD;u
aysmufNyD; 3-ckom useaf ewwfw,f? tJ'D 3-ckxu J vJ azmif;wm ydew f m ray:vmawmhbJ xdwmuav;om
ay:aewwfw,f? tJ'D xdwmuvJ aysmufomG ;NyD; odwphJ w d u
f av;wckwnf;uko d m odw,fow d ,fvYdk ½Irw S af e&
wwfw,f/ tJ'v D t
dk cgrSm rdrt d xl;pdw0f ifpm;wJh tm½kw H Ydk trIupd w ö Ydk udk qifjcifMunf, h ifvJ tJ'D tjyiftm½kaH wGrmS
MumMumraebl;? ½Irw S af eustwkid ;f rSwo f v d suf rSwo f vd sufom jzpfaewwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh tm½kH wjcm;jyefYomG ;
uif;onf-vkYd aqmify'k rf mS qkx d m;wmbJ/ rS&D m om"u uawmh-ywdv, D wd-wGeYf \? ywdu#k wd-qkw\ f ? e
orÜom&D,wd-jzefYaomfvJ jyefYroGm;-qkw d hJ 0do'k rd̈ *fygbJ/ tJ'D aqmify'k u f dk xyfNyD; qkMd u&r,f/

(c) Mum½Snpf mG vJ wnfNrJowl nf?

Mumavomí odraf rGU avonf?
tm½kw
H jcm; jyefYomG ;uif;onf?
ocFg½k xl;rI *kPfokH;rnf/

,ck ajymvmcJw h m[m ocFg½kayu©mÓPf\ *kPft*Fg 6-yg;bJ? 'DÓPfjzpfbl;wJholqkd,if 'D *kPft*Fg 6-

yg;ukd uk,
d w
f idk af wGUtm;jzifh xif½mS ;od&ygw,f? tJ'v D dk xl;jcm;wJh todÓPfudk rawGU&bl;ao;bl;qk,
d if ocFg
½kayu©mÓPfudk ra&mufao;bl;vkYd uk, d [hf muk,
d f qk;H jzwf½yHk gbJ/

0k|me*grdeD 0dyóem jzpfyHk

tJ'D *kPft*Fg 6-yg;eJY jynfph w Hk hJ ocFg½kayu©mÓPfu xufoefjynfph v Hk mwJh tcgusawmh tvGev f sifjref
xl;jcm;wJh todawG jzpfvmw,f? t[keef YJ ajy;vmovkv d J xif&wwfw,f? tJ'v D dk xl;jcm;wJh toduadk wmh
0k|me*grdeD 0dyóemvkYd ac:w,f/ 0k|me-qkw d m xw,fvYdk teuf½w dS ,f? wae&m&mrS xvmwmrsKd;aygh? 0dyóem
ÓPfuvJ xdord I BuHord I cHpm;rI Mum;rI jrifrI paom cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrft,OfrmS om ½Iov d suf
½Iov d suf jzpfvmcJw h ,f? ½Iwidk ;f ½Iwidk ;f jzpfysufwhJ ½kyef mrft,Ofay:rSmom ususaew,f? tJ'g[m y0wåac:wJh
½kyef mrft,Ofay:üom ususaeykyH gbJ? tJ'v D dk ½kyef mrft,Ofay:rSmom ususae,if;xJu t&d,r*fÓPfjzpfvmwJh
tcgusawmh jzpfysufwJh ½kyfemrfuif;csKyfwJhoabmxJokdY usa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'g[m ½kyef mrft,OfrS xNyD; edAmÁ ef
tm½ko H Ydk a&mufomG ;wmygbJ? tJ'v D dk ½kyef mrft,OfrS xoGm;wwfaomaMumifh t&d,r*fudk 0k|mevkYd ac:w,f?
ckwifu ajymcJw h hJ txl;oGuv f ufvsifjrefwhJ 0dyóemqk;H oGm;,if 0k|meac:wJh 'Dt&d,r*fu edAmÁ efudk rsufarSmuf
ûyvsuf jzpfawmhwmbJ? tJ'aD wmh xl;jcm;wJh 0dyóemu 0k|meac:wJh t&d,r*fqu D dk oGm;wJoh abm jzpfaewmaygh?
'gaMumifh tJ'D 0dyóemtxl;ukd 0k|me*grdev D Ydk ac:w,f? ocFg&tm½krH S xwJh t&d,r*fxo H Ydk oGm;wJh 0dyóemvkYd
qkdvkdwmygbJ/

tJ'D 0k|me*grde0D yd óemu xkckd Pü xif½mS ;ay:vmwJh BuHord u I dk jzpfap? xdord u I dk jzpfap? Mum;odru I dk
jzpfap? jriford u
I dk jzpfap? pm;odru
I dk jzpfap? eHord u
I dk jzpfap wckcu k dk ½Iov d suf jzpfw,f? ½Ioyd u Hk awmh tvGef
vsifjrefpmG ysufysufomG ;vkYd rNrJwhJ tjcif;t&mjzifh odoo d mG ;wmvJ ½Sw d ,f? qif;&JwhJ tjcif;t&m raumif;wJh
tjcif;t&mjzifh odoo d mG ;wmvJ ½Swd ,f? tewåtjcif;t&m oabmw&m;rQ taejzifh odoo d mG ;wmvJ ½Sw d ,f/
tBudru f awmh tenf;qk;H 2-Budrf 3-Budrf jzpfw,f? rsm;,ifawmh av; ig; q,fBudrf ponfvJ jzpfEidk yf gw,f/
usr;f *ef a0g[m&eJY ajym&,if tJ'D 0k|me*grdeD aemufq;Hk tBudrrf mS y&duH Oypm tEkvHk ac:wJh ½Ioad Zm ok;H Budrf
qk;H oGm;wJt
h cg ½kyef mrfocFg& csKyfNidr;f uif;qdww
f hJ edAmÁ eftm½kq H u
D dk nTwu f idk ;f tm½kûH ywJh umrukov dk af Zm txl;
wBudrf jzpfw,f? tJ'aD Zm\ tjcm;rJrh mS t&d,r*f jzpfay:vmNyD; ½kyef mrfocFg& csKyfNidr;f uif;qdww f hJ edAmÁ eftm½kH
xJoYdk ajy;0ifusa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'D r*faZm\ tjcm;rJhü tusKd;jzpfwJh t&d,zkdvfaZm 2-Budrf 3-Budrf jzpfw,f?
tewåvu©Pokwf 122

tm½kûH yyku
H awmh t&d,r*fEiS hf twlwyl gbJ? tJ'v
D dk t&d,r*fzv
dk f jzpfomG ;,if ykxZk Ofu aomwmyefjzpfomG ;wmbJ/
aomwmyefu ou'g*grf? ou'g*grfu tem*grf? tem*grfu &[EÅm jzpfomG ;wmbJ/

tJ'vD dk jzpf&mrSm edAmÁ eftm½kq H u

D dk nTwu f idk ;f tm½kûH ywJh umrukov dk af Zmukd a*gMwblvYdk ac:w,f? ykxZk Of
tjzpf tp½Sw
d hJ rlvtEG,u f dk vTr;f rk;d ausmfveG o
f mG ;wJh aZmpdwv f Ydk qkv
d w
dk mygbJ? 'gaMumifh y#dorÇ'D gr*frmS --

OyÜg'g-jzpfjcif;rS? 0g-jzpfjcif;½Sad om ocFg& tm½krH ?S 0k|[dwmG xí? tEkygÜ 'H-jzpfjcif;uif;aom edAmÁ eftm½kH
okYd ? yu©Ew´ w
D -d ajy;0ifomG ;wwfaomaMumif?h a*gMwbk-a*gMwbl rnf\/ y0wåm rjywfjzpfaeaom ½kyef mrft,Of
tm½krH ?S 0k|[dwmG -xí? tyÜ0wåH-½kyef mrf t,Ofuif;aom edAmÁ eftm½ko H Ydk ? yu©Ew
´ w
D -d ajy;0ifomG ;wwfaomaMumif?h
a*gMwbk-a*gMwbl rnf\-ponfjzifh jyqkx d m;ygw,f/

tJ'gu edAmÁ eftm½koH Ydk a*gMwblpw

d f ajy;0ifomG ;ykb
H /J t&d,r*fuvJ tJ'D a*gMwblpw d f nTwuf idk ;f ajy;0if
oGm;&m edAmÁ ef tm½kx
H J usa&mufomG ;wmygbJ/ tJ'v D dk usa&mufomG ;yku
H dk rdvEd y´ O§m (311)rSm 'Dvdk jyxm;ygw,f/

edAÁmef rsufarSmufjyKykH rdvdE´yO§m

wó wH pdwHå ty&my&H reod ua&mawm y0wåH

orwdurú wd mG tyÜ0wåH Mouúrwd? tyÜ0wår-EkyaÜ wåm r[m&mZ
or®my#dyaEém edAmÁ eH opäu
d a&mwDwd 0kpw
ö /d
ty&my&H-wrSwNf yD; wrSwf tqifq h if?h reod ua&mawm-ESv;Hk oGi;f ½Ioad eaom? wó? xkd a,m*D\?
wH pdw-Hå ½Ioad eaom xkpd w d of nf/ (ty&my&H reod ua&mawm-wrSwNf yD; wrSwf tqifq h ifh ESv;Hk oGi;f ½Ioad e
pOf?) y0wåH orwdurú w d mG -rjywfjzpfaeaom ½kyef mrft,Ofudk ausmfveG í
f ? tyÜ0wå-H rjywfjzpfaeonfh ½kyef mrf
t,Of\ jywfpJ csyk Nf idr;f jcif; oabmokYd ? Mouúrwd-ouf0ifomG ;avawmhonf wJ/h

a,m*D[m rlvuxdord I BuHord I Mum;rI jrifrpI aom rjywfjzpfaewJh ½kyef mrfawGudk wrSwNf yD; wrSwf tqifh
qifh rjywf ½Ioad e&w,f? ½Iov d Ydk rukerf qk;H Ekid w
f hJ ½kyef mrf tjzpftysufawGucdk snf; awGUodae&w,f? tJ'v D dk rukef
rqk;H Ekid wf hJ ½kyef mrfawGudk tedpö 'ku© tewåtjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh ½Ioad e,if;xJu (y&duH Oypm tEkvaHk c:wJ)h
aemufq;Hk ½Iord \ I tjcm;rJrh mS tJ'o D pd &mawGa&m ½Iow d hJ pdwaf &m jywfpJ csKyfNidr;f jcif;oabmxJoYdk ½kww f &uf
nGwu f idk ;f usa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'v D jdk zpf&mrSm nGwu f idk ;f qkw
d mu a*gMwblpwd yf ?J usa&mufomG ;wmu t&d,
r*fzvdk jf zifh edAmÁ efudk rsuaf rSmufûyoGm;wmbJ/

'gaMumif-h -

r[m&mZ-rdvEd r´ if;BuD;? or®my#dyaEém-enf;vrf;rSepf mG usifch hJ ½Iocd o

hJ nfjzpfí? tyÜ0wårEkyaÜ wåm-½kyef mrf
t,Of\ jywfpcJ sKyfNidr;f jcif;oabmxJoYdk qku
d af &mufomG ;aoma,m*Du?dk edAmÁ eH opäu d a&mwDw-d edAmÁ efurdk suaf rSmuf
ûyonf[íl ? 0kpw
ö -d ajymqkt d yfygw,f wJ/h

tJ'g[m usrf;*efrsm;t& 0k|me*grdeD 0dyóemESihf r*fzv dk jf zpfyyHk gbJ/ a,m*Drsm; tawGUeJYvJ uku d n f yD g
w,f/ uku d n f yD u
Hk awmh-a,m*D[m trsm;tm;jzifh xdord u I pNyD; BuHord I Mum;rI jrifrpI aom Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;ukd
rjywf ½Iov d mcJ&h w,f? a½SUykid ;f uajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f b*FÓPfjzifh vsifjrefpmG ysufysufomG ;wJh ½kyef mrfawGudk rjywf
awGUodae&wJt h wGuf aMumufz, G x
f if tjypfjrifNyD; NiD;aiGUvmcJw h ,f? pGeYf vw T v
f w dk t
hJ wGuf pGeYf vw
T Ef idk af tmif
qufvufNyD; ½Irw S t
f m;xkwNf yD; ocFg&awGudk tnDtrQ od½o Hk ½d ½Hk o
I ad ewJh ocFg½kayu©mÓPfa&mufvmw,f? tJ'D
ocFg½kayu©mÓPfu &ifo h efwt hJ cg txl;oGuv f ufxif½mS ;wJh 0k|me*grdeD tEkavmrÓPfrsm; jzpfvmNyD;awmh
½Iodp&ma&m ½IodrIa&m ocFg&tm;vk;H qdwo f Ok ;f csKyfNidr;f jcif;oabmxJoYdk usa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'g[m t&d,
r*fzv
dk Óf Pfjzifh edAmÁ efudk rsuaf rSmufûyoGm;wmygbJ? tJ'v D dk rsuaf rSmufûyoGm;,if ykxZk OftjzpfrS aomwmyef
jzpfomG ;w,f? rlvu aomwmyefq, dk ifvJ ou'g*grfjzpfomG ;w,f? ou'g*grfq, dk ifvJ tem*grfjzpfomG ;w,f?
tem*grfq, dk ifawmh &[EÅm jzpfomG ;awmhwmbJ/ tJ'v D dk jzpfomG ;yku H dk 'D tewåvu©Pokwrf mS --
tewåvu©Pokwf 123

NiD;aiGUÓPfjzpfNyD; t&d,r*fzkdvfÓPfjzpfykH

edAÁdE´H 0d&ZÆwd? 0d&m*g 0drkpöwd/

edAEdÁ -H´ edAEdÁ a´ EÅm-NiD;aiGUvwfaomf? 0d&ZÆw-d wyfruf uif;um t&d,r*fjzpfavawmh\/ 0d&m*g-wyfruf

uif;um t&d,r*f jzpfjcif;aMumif?h 0drpk w ö -d tmoa0g udavomwkYd rS vGwaf jrmufomG ;avawmhonf wJ/h

a,m*DrmS or®oeÓPfrS b*FÓPftxd tedpö 'ku© tewåtjcif;&mwkYd jzifh ½IjrifyHk odyu Hk dk jrwfpmG bk&m;u
]]{0H yóH-þokYd jrifvQif}}-qkw d hJ pum;ESpv f ;Hk jzifh a[mawmfrw
l ,f/ NyD;awmh b,ÓPfrS ocFg½kayu©m tEkavmr
ÓPftxd jzpfyu Hk -dk ]]edAÁdE´wd-NiD;aiGUavawmhonf}}vkYd a[mawmfryl gw,f/ tJ'u D aemuf r*fzv dk Ó
f Pfjzpfyu
Hk dk
]]edAEdÁ H́ 0d&ZÆw?d 0d&m*g 0drpk w ö -d NiD;aiGUvQif wyfrufuif;onf? wyfrufuif;jcif;aMumifh vGwaf jrmufonf}}vkdY
a[mawmfryl gw,f? wkw d u
dk av;bJ? a,m*DrmS jzpfyeHk YJ tHusuku d af ewmygbJ/

uku
d nf yD uHk awmh-ocFg½kayu©mÓPftm; aumif;aewJt h cg xl;jcm;wJh todÓPfawG vsifjrefpmG jzpfvm,if
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onm tmAm"m, oH0wåw?d e p vAÇwd onm, ]]{0H ar onm a[mwk? {0H ar onm rm ta[moD}}wd/

4/ ocFg&m tewåm? ocFg&m p [d'H bdua© 0 twåm tb0dóo H ?k e,d'H ocFg&m tmAm"m, oH0awå,sKH?
vaAÇx p ocFga&ok ]]{0H ar ocFg&m a[mEÅK? {0H ar ocFg&m rm ta[ok}}-EÅ/d ,o®m p acg bdua© 0 ocFg&m
tewåm? wo®m ocFg&m tmAm"m, oH0wåE?dÅ e p vAÇwd ocFga&ok ]]{0H ar ocFg&m a[mEÅK? {0H ar ocFg&m rm
ta[ok}}EÅd/

5/ 0dnmPH tewåm? 0dnmPOö [d'H bdua© 0 twåm tb0dó? e,d'H 0dnmPH tmAm"m, oH0awå,s?
vaAÇx p 0dnmaP ]]{0H ar 0dnmPH a[mwk? {0H ar 0dnmPH rm ta[moD}}wd/ ,o®m p acg bdua© 0 0dnmPH
tewåm? wo®m 0dnmPH tmAm"m, oH0wåw?d e p vAÇwd 0dnmaP ]]{0H ar 0dnmPH a[mwk? {0H ar 0dnmPH
rm ta[moD}}wd/

('kwd,ykdif;? NrJ rNrJponf tar; tajz)

6/ wH uð rnx bdu©a0? ½lyH edpHö 0g tedpHö 0gwd/ tedpHö baEÅ/ ,H yemedpH?ö 'ku©H 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'ku©H
baEÅ/ ,H yemedpHö 'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem
a[wH baEÅ/

7/ a0'em edpmö 0g tedpmö 0gwd/ tedpmö baEÅ/ ,H yemedp?Hö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'kuH© baEÅ/ ,H yemedpHö
'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH baEÅ/

8/ onm edpmö 0g tedpmö 0gwd/ tedpmö baEÅ/ ,H yemedp?Hö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'kuH© baEÅ/ ,H yemedpHö
'kuH© 0dy&dPmr-"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH baEÅ/

9/ ocFg&m edpmö 0g tedpmö 0gwd/ tedpmö baEÅ/ ,H yemedp?Hö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'kuH© baEÅ/ ,H
yemedpHö 'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH
baEÅ/

10/ 0dnmPH edpHö 0g tedpHö 0gwd/ tedpHö baEÅ/ ,H yemedp?Hö 'kuH© 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'kuH© baEÅ/ ,H yemekpd Hö
'kuH© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwHk ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®?d {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH baEÅ/
tewåvu©Pokwf 128

(wwd,ykdif;? 11-yg;cGJjcm;í igh[mr[kwf ponfjzifh ½I&efjyonf)

11/ wo®mwd[ bdua© 0 ,H udOdö ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEHé tZÑwåH 0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&duH 0g okcrk H 0g
[DeH 0g yPDwH 0g ,H 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁH ½lyH ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH
,xmblwH or®yn Ü m, '|AÁ/H

12/ ,m umpd a0'em twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé tZÑwåH 0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&dum 0g okcrk m 0g [Dem 0g

yPDwm 0g ,m 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁm a0'em ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH
,xmblwH or®yn
Ü m, '|AÁ/H

13/ ,m umpd onm twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé tZÑwåH 0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&dum 0g okcrk m 0g [Dem 0g

yPDwm 0g ,m 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁm onm ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH
,xmblwH or®yn
Ü m, '|AÁ/H

14/ a, aupd ocFg&m twDwmem*wypöKyÜEmé tZÑwåH 0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&dum 0g okcrk m 0g [Dem 0g

yPDwm 0g a, 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oaAÁ ocFg&m ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH
,xmblwH or®yn
Ü m, '|AÁ/H

15/ ,H udOdö 0dnmPH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEHé tZÑwåH 0g A[d'g¨ 0g MoVm&duH 0g okcrk H 0g [DeH 0g yPDwH
0g ,H 'la& oEÅad u 0g? oAÁH 0dnmPH ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH ,xmblwH
or®yn
Ü m, '|AÁ/H

(pwkw¬ tqkH;ykdif;? NiD;aiGUykH? r*fzkdvfÓPf qifjcifÓPfrsm;jzpfykH)

16/ {0H yóH bdua© 0 okw0g t&d,om0aum ½lyo®rd dÜ edAEdÁ w ´ ?d a0'em,yd edAEdÁ w ´ ?d onm,yd edAEdÁ w
´ ?d
ocFga&okyd edAEdÁ w
´ ?d 0dnmPo®rd dÜ edAEdÁ w
´ /d edAEdÁ H́ 0d&ZÆw?d 0d&m*g 0drpk w
ö ?d 0drwk o
å ð® ]0drw
k }å rdwd ÓPH a[mwd? ]]cDPm
Zmwd? 0kow
d H jA[®p&d,?H uwH u&PD,?H emy&H £w¬wmå ,m}}wd yZmemwDw/d

(oH*g,emwif rSwfwrf;)

17/ £'ra0gp b*0g? twårem yOö0*¾, d m bduL© b*0awm bmodwH tbdeE´K/H £ro®ð p ye
a0,smu&Po®ð bnrmae yOö0*¾,
d meH bduL© eH tEkyg'g, tmoa0[d pdwmå ed 0drpk ðö olw/d

tewåvu©PokwåH ed|dwH/
jrefrmjyefoufouf twkdcsKyf aqmifyk'f

cE¨mig;yg; tewå jzpfaMumif;

&[ef;wkYd ? ½kyo f nf (twGi;f om; txnfu, dk )f twåaumif r[kw?f twåaumif [kwyf grl þ½kyo f nf
(rdrt
d m;) ESyd pf ufzYdk&m rjzpfwefav&m? xkYd jyif ]]ig\ ½kyo f nf 'Dvdk taumif;csnf; jzpfygap? 'Dvdk tqk;d awmh
rjzpfygapeJY}}vkYd ½kyüf pDrcH efYcí
JG vJ &av&m\/

trSetf m;jzifah wmh ½ky[ f m (twGi;f om; txnfu, dk )f twåaumif r[kw?f twåaumif r[kwaf omaMumifh
yif þ½kyof nf (rdrt d m;) ESyd pf ufzYdk &mvJ jzpfaeacsonf? xkYd jyif ]]ig\ ½kyo
f nf 'Dvt
dk aumif;csnf; jzpfygap? 'Dvdk
tqk;d awmh rjzpfygapeJY}}vkYd ½kyüf pDrH cefYcí
JG vJ r&yJ ½Sad csonf/

(a0'em onm ponfwYdk t&mü ½kyt

f pm; a0'em onmponfudk vJv,
S f xnfyh g)/
tewåvu©Pokwf 129

NrJ rNrJ ponf tar; tajz

&[ef;wkYd ? 'gukd b,fvdk xifMuovJ? ½ky[ f m NrJovm;? rNrJovm;? rNrJyg bk&m;/ rNrJwm[m aMumufz,
G f
qif;&Jvm; ESpof ufz, G f csr;f omvm;? aMumufz, G f qif;&Jygbk&m;/ rNrJ qif;&J ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwwfaom
w&m;ukd ]]igh[m[k? ig[k? igh twå[}k } ½Ijrif xifrw S &f ef oifyh ghrvm;? roifyh gbk&m;/

cHpm;rI-a0'em[m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? rNrJygbk&m;/

rSwof m;rI-onm[m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? rNrJygbk&m;/
ûyvkytf m;xkwrf -I ocFg&awG[m NrJovm; rNrJovm;? rNrJygbk&m;/
BuHord -I pdw0f n
d mPf[m NrJovm;? rNrJovm;? rNrJygbk&m;/ (rNrJwm[m-ponf
t<uif;wlNyD)

(11)yg; tjym;jzifh cGJí½I&ef nTefjycsuf

&[ef;wkYd ? ,ck jyqkcd o hJ nft h wkid ;f igh[mbJ? igbJ? ightwåb[ J k ½Ijrif xifrw S &f ef roifah omaMumifh
twdwf jzpfap? tem*wf jzpfap? ypöKyÜef jzpfap? uk, d wf iG ;f u jzpfap? uk,
d yf u jzpfap? tMurf; jzpfap? tEk jzpfap?
t,kwt f nHh jzpfap? taumif;tjrwf jzpfap? ta0; jzpfap? teD; jzpfap? ½ky[ f o
l rQukd ]]igh[m r[kw?f ig r[kw?f
ightwå r[kwf}}[k uk, d yf idk Ó
f Pfjzifh trSet
f wkid ;f odjrifatmif ½I& tm;xkw&f rnf/ (a0'em ponfüvJ enf;wlyif)

ÓPfpOf wufykH

&[ef;wkYd ? tMum;tjrifEiS hf jynfph aHk om bk&m;wynfh t&d,om0uonf þqkcd o hJ nft

h wkid ;f (½kyaf 0'em
onm ocFg& 0dnmPfudk igh[m r[kwçf ig r[kwçf igh twå r[kwçf tedpö 'ku© tewå oabmw&m;rQ)[k odjrif
vQif ½kyüf vnf; raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmhonf? a0'emüvnf; raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmhonf? onmüvnf;
raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmhonf? ocFg&wkYd üvnf; raysmrf arGU NiD;aiGUavawmhonf/ pdw0f n
d mPfüvnf; raysmrf arGU
NiD;aiGUavawmhonf/

NiD;aiGUvQif wyfrufuif;aom t&d,r*f jzpfavawmhonf/ wyfrufuif;um t&d,r*f jzpfay:vmaom

aMumifh (tmoa0g udavomwkYd r)S vGwaf jrmuf oGm;avawmhonf/ vGwaf jrmufvQif pdw[ f m vGwo f mG ;NyDvYdk
qifjcifÓPf jzpfavawmhonf? (qifjcifyrHk mS ) b0topfjzpfrI ukeNf yD? tusijhf rwfudk usio hf ;Hk NyD;ayNyD? ûybG,f
udpu
ö dk ûyNyD;ayNyD? 'D udpt
ö wGuf tjcm;wyg; ûybG,f r½Sad wmhNyDvYdk qifjcifvsuf odjrif qk;H jzwfavawmhonf/

tewåvu©Pokwf\ jrefrmjyef tusOf;csKyf aqmifyk'f NyD;\/

tewåvu©Pokwf(atmufajcrSwfpkrsm;) 130

rSwfcsuf

ygVdt&edA'dÁ gÓPfç jrefrmok;H toHxu

G t
f & edAEdÁ Ó
´ Pf ac:onf? xkYd aMumifh 2-rsKd;vk;H yifjyonf/

ÄrSwfcsuf

tmoa0[d-yk'u f dk uwåm;teuf,í l 0drpk ðö ok-yk'u f v

dk nf; uHa[m,lNyD;vQif ]]pdwmå ed-pdww f Ydk u?dk
tmoa0[d-tmoa0gw&m;wkYd u? tEkyg'g, rpGv J rf;MuyJ? 0drpk ðö ok-vTwt f yfuek Nf yD}}[lí zGijhf ycsufvnf; ½S\ d /
okYd aomf xktd eufonf jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tvkad wmfç oH*g,emwif rax&fjrwfwYdk \tvkad wmfrsm;ESihf nDnw G rf nf
rxif? taMumif;rlum;-&[EÅm t½Sijf rwfwYdk \pdw[ f m tmoa0g w&m;wkYd u vTwaf y;vkYd om vGwaf jrmuf&½Smonf
-[lí t&[wåzv dk pf w
d f *kPo
f u
d m© uszG,f ½Sad omaMumif¤h if;? tmo0w&m;wkYd onf pGv J rf;wwfaom a0g[m&ESihf
rpyfqidk ?f ,kpd ;D jzpfygG ;wwfonf[al om teufa0g[m&ESio hf m pyfqidk af omaMumif¤h if;? tu,fí rpGv J rf;yJ
vTwt f yfonf-[laom teufudk qkv d ydk grl tmba0[d-[k rqkyd J Oyg'gae[d-[líom qkb d ,
G ½f adS omaMumif¤h if;
jzpfayonf/ (ygVdynm½Srd sm; twGuf qifjcif&ef jzpfonf)/

rSwfcsuf
þokYd aom vufonf;uGi;f twGi;f ½Sd pmnTe;f acgif;onf ,ckrS xnfx
h m;onfh pmacgif;jzpfonf/