Revision on S.1 & S.

2 Geometry (Triangle Proof)

Thinking Steps:

1. Draw all information on the diagram. Use highlighter pens to help you.

2. See what you need to prove.

Think of what conditions you are very likely to get with your genius brain.

3. Start from the information given, find the easiest condition by direct use of reasons first.

(Given, Common, Parallel Lines, (vert. opp. ∠s), (base ∠s, isos. ∆s), (sides opp. equal ∠s), 4 Lines)

4. See what information you have never used.

5. Think again what other conditions you would like to get. THREE conditions in total.

6. You can “Let 𝑥 and 𝑦” if there are a lot of combinations of angles.

((∠ sum of ∆), (ext. ∠ of ∆), (adj. ∠s on st. line), 90°, So Many Equal Angles)

7. Always relate to part (a) when doing part (b).

題目資料就是案發現場的證據，不要放過任何一絲蛛絲馬跡！

相信自己是福爾摩 B，擁有能破解一切的大腦！ "

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真相永遠只有一個！（其實數學題的解法是不只一個的！So 神奇！So Funny！So Cute！ &

)）
(
'

By Detective Conan *
+ By Detective Cola -
/
.

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 2 Prepared by Ho Nok Chun Harry (HKTA THMSS S.3 Maths)
4b. Consider 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐷.
5a. Think about ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷.
6. Prove a pair of congruent triangles with the given sides and given angles first.
7a. Prove another pair of congruent triangles first.
7b. Just use result of part (a) directly almost.
10a. Find a pair of equal (not common) angles in the pair of triangles.
11b. Find 𝐴𝐷 first.
12a. Let 𝑥 be one of the acute angles in the pair of similar triangles first. Ignore length.
13c. Set up a ratio relationship each with part (a) and (b).
14a. Any strange information given? Think about the position of point 𝐹.
14b. Prove another pair of similar triangles first.
1 if you use it )
Hints ( -1 0
You suck……Do the whole textbook!!!!! 0–6
Um……not bad. But I think you can be better. 7 – 12
Good overall. But Mr. Ho trusts you can do better. 13 – 18
I think you must enjoy Maths. so much. 19 – 24
You’re a genius like Mr. HoHo! 25 – 27
The Fact Your Expectation 1
0
I. Straight Lines / Parallel Lines

Prove Straight Line: 𝒂𝒅𝒋. ∠𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑.

PROVE! PROVE! PROVE!

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II. Triangles / Polygons

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 (𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, ≅ ∆𝑠) 𝑂𝑅 (𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟. ∠𝑠, ≅ ∆𝑠)

(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, ~∆𝑠) 𝑂𝑅 (𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟. ∠𝑠, ~∆𝑠)

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III. Other Keywords

Regular All sides are equal in length and all angles are equal in size.
Equilateral All sides are equal in length.
Equiangular All angles are equal in size.

Quadrilateral A polygon with 4 sides.

Pentagon A polygon with 5 sides.
Hexagon A polygon with 6 sides.
Heptagon A polygon with 7 sides.
Octagon A polygon with 8 sides.
Nonagon A polygon with 9 sides.
Decagon A polygon with 10 sides.

Equilateral Triangle A triangle with all 3 sides equal in length.

Isosceles Triangle A triangle with 2 sides equal in length.
Scalene Triangle A triangle with no sides equal in length.

Acute-angled Triangle A triangle with all angles that are acute angles.
Right-angled Triangle A triangle with 1 right angle.
Obtuse-angled Triangle A triangle with 1 obtuse angle.

Acute Angle 0° − 90°

Right Angle 90°
Obtuse Angle 90° − 180°
Straight Angle 180°
Reflex Angle 180° − 360°
Round Angle 360°

Convex Polygon A polygon that all interior angles are smaller than 180°.
Concave Polygon A polygon with at least one reflex angle.

Parallel Two straight lines never meet with each other.

Perpendicular A right angle is formed by two straight lines.

Congruent Having the same shape and same size as another.

Similar Having the same shape and same size after resize, flip, turn.

Interior Angle The angle is inside the polygon.

Exterior Angle Formed by a side and the extension of another side.

Line Segment A section of a line between two points.

Intersect A line crossing another line.
Extend Make the line longer.

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A. Congruent Triangles

0
1 Example 1

In the figure, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵 // 𝐷𝐶.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐷𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐵𝐷.

(b) Prove that 𝐴𝐷 // 𝐵𝐶.

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 0
1 Example 2

In the figure, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are the mid-points of 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐶 respectively and 𝐷𝐸 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐷𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐸.

(b) Prove that ∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 = ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴.

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 0
1 Example 3

In the figure, 𝐴𝐷𝐶 is a straight line. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐵 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐶𝐵𝐷. Prove that 𝐷 is the mid-point of 𝐴𝐶.

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1 0
0 1 Example 4

In the figure, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are points on 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 respectively such that ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 and 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐴𝐸. 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸

intersect at 𝐹.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵.

(b) Prove that 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐶𝐸.

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1 0
0 1 Example 5

In the figure, 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 is a straight line. 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐸𝐴𝐷.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐸𝐶.

(b) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 is an isosceles triangle.

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1 Example 6

In the figure, 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐷𝐵 intersect at 𝐸. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝐵. Prove that ∆𝐵𝐶𝐸 is an isosceles triangle.

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1 Example 7

In the figure, 𝐴𝐸𝐶 and 𝐵𝐶𝐷 are straight lines. 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐴𝐶 ⊥ 𝐵𝐷.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸.

(b) If 𝐷𝐸 is produced to meet 𝐴𝐵 at 𝐹 and 𝐵𝐸 is produced to meet 𝐴𝐷 at 𝐺, prove that

∆𝐴𝐵𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐹.
A

B C D

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B. Similar Triangles

0
1 Example 8

In the figure, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on 𝐴𝐹 such that ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷. 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸 intersect at 𝐺. 𝐴𝐵 = 5 cm, 𝐵𝐶 = 10

cm, 𝐷𝐸 = 6 cm and 𝐸𝐹 = 3 cm.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ~ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐷.

(b) Prove that ∆𝐺𝐷𝐶 is an isosceles triangle.

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 0
1 Example 9

The figure shows a trapezium 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 with 𝐴𝐷 // 𝐵𝐶. Diagonals 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at 𝑂.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝑂𝐷 ~ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐵.

(b) If 𝐴𝐶 = 8 cm, 𝐴𝐷 = 10 cm and 𝐵𝐶 = 6 cm, find the length of 𝑂𝐶.

3 cm

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1 0
0 1 Example 10

In the figure, 𝐵 is a point on 𝐴𝐶 such that 𝐵𝐷 bisects ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ~ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶.

(b) Prove that 𝐴𝐷! = 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 .

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1 0
0 1 Example 11

In the figure, 𝐷 is a point on 𝐴𝐶 such that ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵. 𝐴𝐵 = 9 cm, 𝐴𝐶 = 15 cm and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90°.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ~ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐵.

(b) Find the length of 𝐷𝐶. A

9 cm

B D
15 cm

9.6 cm

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1 0
0 1 Example 12

In the figure, 𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a straight line and 𝐴𝐵 // 𝐸𝐷. 𝐴𝐵 = 8 cm, 𝐶𝐷 = 4 cm, 𝐶𝐸 = 5 cm and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 90°.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ~ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸.

(b) Find the area of ∆𝐴𝐶𝐸.

25 cm2

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1 Example 13

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵 // 𝐶𝐸. 𝐴𝐺𝐷, 𝐴𝐹𝐸, 𝐶𝐷𝐸 and 𝐵𝐹𝐺𝐶 are straight lines.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐹 ~ ∆𝐸𝐶𝐹.

(b) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐺 ~ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐺.

"# × &' "( × )'

(c) Prove that = .
&# )(

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1 Example 14

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐸. 𝐹 is a point on 𝐴𝐸 such that 𝐵𝐹 ⊥ 𝐴𝐸. 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on 𝐵𝐸 such that 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐷𝐸.

𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐹 intersect at 𝐺.

(a) Prove that ∆𝐸𝐹𝐷 ~ ∆𝐸𝐴𝐶. A

(b) Prove that 𝐺 is the mid-point of 𝐵𝐹.

B
C D E

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