ae of two/three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference F different material such as copper, iron, constantan, etc.), a voltmeter ) A of appropriate range, a battery (battery eliminator), a rheostat, ametre and a piece of sand paper. ww, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional ee ayeteal conditions (temperature, dimensions, nain the same. If I be the current flowing through a conductor and s its ends, then according to Ohm's Law, and dimensions of the conductor. n volt and the current I in ampere, theMeasurement of Resistance 7, @) Toestablish the current-voltage relationship, it is to be shown that the ratio V/I remains constant for a given resistance. Therefore, a graph between the potential difference (V) and the current (D) must be a straight line. (2) The constant ratio gives unknown value of resistance, it = i CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Battery Hie : | © ee | La wees Lo Fig. Circuit diagram, PROCEDURE . Arrange the apparatus in the same manner as giver in the arrangement diagram. Clean the ends of the connecting wire with sand paper to remove the insulations, if any. |. Make neat, clean and tight connections according to the circuit diagram. While making connections ensure that +ve marked terminals of voltmeter and ammeter are joined towards the +ve terminal of the battery. 4, Determine the least count of voltmeter and ammeter, and also note the zero error, if any. 5. Insert the key K, slide the rheostat contact and see that ammeter and voltmeter are working 6. Adjust the sliding contact of the cheostat such that a measurable current passes through tthe resistance coil or the resistance wire, 7. Note down the value of potential difference V from voltmeter and current I from ammeter. 3,OBSERVATIONS 1. Length Length of the resistance wire | = ...... 2. Range Range of the given ammeter = ...... Range of the given voltmeter = .....-Mean value of resistance, R =... CALCULATIONS 1. Find the ratio of V and I for each set of observations. 2. Plota graph between potential difference V (column 36) and current I (column 2b), taking Valong X-axis and I along Y-axis. The graph comes to be a straight line. From the graph, the resistance can be calculated. Al 45 tical Physics—X | 50 Comprchensive Pract v Constant ratio 7 Bives resistance of the wire. 4, Resistance of the wire . 5. Finding the Diameter of wire 1 Table for diameter (D) of the wire 1. | Serial | Linear Scate Circular Scale Reading Observed diameter | Corrected | diameter Ne. | Reading [> apcicaant D,=N+nxL.c. Dae fobs. | (mm) | No.of a (mm) D=D,+ fonon | nx (Lc) io veferenceline (n) |” Gum) @ @ Ga) (3b) o o) hh @ D@= D,@= ® | D,@)- D,@) 2 @ D,(a)= ® Dib)= 2 @ D,(a)= (b) D, (b) = Mean D -...... xD? ‘rea (A) = a om? 6. Finding the lengths of the wire 1. Lthel, Mean length, L= bi *bs* ly, De 2 Table for unknown Serial No. of Resistance fromthe | Length AB=1 ‘Length Obs. resistance box (on) Bc = (400-0) Rg (om) (ohm) ‘ @ @ @ ae r . mE 3. (© Resistivity ofthe wire i... m._ (i) The graph between V and lis a straight line.Measurement of Resistance 5. The key should be inserted only while taking observations to avoid heating of resistance (otherwise its resistance will increase), 6. Theelectric current through resistance wire should not be very high, so as to avoid heating effect of current. 7. The switch should be open when you are not taking readings. SOURCES OF ERROR 1. The instrument screws may be loose, 2. Thick connecting wires May not be available. 3. Rheostat may have high resistance, @ =EXPERIMENT2