Limiting Reactant

Limiting Reactant

Limited reactant: is the substance which is totally consumed

when the chemical reaction is complete.

Excess reactant: the reactant in a chemical reaction that

remains when a reaction stops and limiting reactant is
completely consumed. The excess reactant remains because
there is nothing with which it can react.

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 Limiting Reactant
In this experiment you will be given a mixture of two ionic solids, AgNO3 and
K2CrO4, that are both soluble in water. When the mixture is dissolved into
water they will react to form an insoluble compound, Ag2CrO4, which can be
collected and weighed. The reaction is the following:
2 AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)
Potassium Silver Potassium
Silver nitrate
chromate chromate nitrate

Colorless Yellow Red

Colorless
Precipitate

Precipitate is the term used for an insoluble solid which is produced by mixing two
solutions.

Part 1- Preparing reactants solutions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2YyIo8vSCA

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 Preparing silver nitrate solution

First Reactant (Silver nitrate AgNO3)

1- Molarity of 0.1 M Moles

Molarity= Volume (L)
2- Volume of 100 ml= (0.1 L)

3- Moles= 0.1 *0.1= 0.01 moles

4- Atomic Mass of:

Ag= 107.9 g/mol
N= 14.0 g/mol
O =16.0 g/mol
5-Molar Mass of AgNO3 = 169.9 g/mol
5-Mass of AgNO3 = 0.01 mole*169.9= 1.70 g

Preparing silver nitrate solution (colorless) cont.

Mass of Silver nitrate

Transfer the amount of silver nitrate in 1000 Fill the flask with distilled water till the mark
ml volumetric flask and shake the solution very well

3
 Preparing potassium chromate solution (yellow color)

Second Reactant (potassium chromate K2CrO4)

1- Molarity of 0.125 M Moles

Molarity= Volume (L)
2- Volume of 100 ml (0.1 L)

3-Moles= 0.125*0.1= 0.0125 moles

4- Atomic Mass of:

K= 39.1 g/mol
Cr= 52.0 g/mol
O =16.0 g/mol

4-Molar Mass of K2CrO4 = 194.2 g/mol

5-Mass of K2CrO4 = 2.42 g

Preparing potassium chromate solution (yellow color) cont

Transfer the amount of potassium

Mass of potassium chromate chromate in 1000 ml volumetric flask

Fill the flask with distilled water till the

mark and shake the solution very well

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 Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Using graduated cylinder measure 13.0 ml of 0.1 M 𝐀𝐠𝑵𝒐𝟑 and 20.0 ml

of 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐌 𝑲𝟐 𝑪𝒓𝑶𝟒.

𝐀𝐠𝐍𝐎𝟑 (transfer 13.0 ml) 𝐊 𝟐 𝐂𝐫𝐎𝟒 (transfer 20.0 ml)

Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Concentration of Ag𝑁𝑜3 0.100 M (molarity= moles/volume)

Volume of Ag𝑁𝑜3 13 ml=0.013 L

Mole number of Ag𝑁𝑜3 0.1*0.013= 1.3*10-3 moles

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝐿)
Concentration of 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 0.125 M

Volume of 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 20 ml = 0.020 L

Mole number of 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 0.125*0.02= 2.5*10-3moles

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝐿)

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5
 Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Mix the two solutions in a beaker.

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Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Silver chromate Potassium nitrate

and
(solid) (liquid solution)

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 Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Prepare a simple filtration apparatus

Then fold it

Weigh a filter paper (0.31 ± 0.01)

Set up the simple filtration apparatus

using a glass funnel, conical flask
and the folded filter paper. Then pour
the solution into the filtration
apparatus

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Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Transfer filtered
solid on a watch
glass & places it in
the oven to dry

Weigh the solid and

the filter paper

0.48g +- 0.01

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 Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Write the formula of chemical reaction and balance it.

2 AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Which compound is the limited reactant from theoretical

result?

How much 𝐴𝑔2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 (s) is produced from calculation?

(Theoretically)

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Part 2-determing the limiting reactant

Mass of Clean filter paper 0.31 +-0.01 g

Mass of filter paper with solid(after filtering) 0.48g +- 0.01

How much of 𝐴𝑔2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 produced from experiment value? 0.48 - 0.31 = 0.17g
(Experimentally)

Calculate the percentage yield for 𝐴𝑔2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 0.17g)

𝑋100
𝑌𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑑% = 0.22
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡(𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦) = 77.3%
= 𝑋100
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡(𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦)

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