Image and Video Processing

Digital Image

Sampling
Natural Image Digital
and
image acquisition image
quantization
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Image Representation and Processing

Image Digital Image
representation Processing

Spatial
Binary
Domain

Frequency
Gray
Domain

Color

Wavelet
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Digital image
• An image with countable number of rows and
columns
• Fixed range of brightness for pixels
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Matrix representation of Digital Image (spatial)

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Digital image
• Has countable number of rows and columns
• Intensity value of pixel has fixed number of
values
• Thus discretized both in spatial coordinate (row
and column number) and brightness value of
each pixel
• Can be represented by an image matrix
• Size of image matrix is same as size of image
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Color and Binary Image Processing

• Restoration
• Enhancement
• Segmentation
• Compression
• Object Recognition
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Image Filters for Enhancement

Original Image Image After Image After

With Noise Averaging Filter Median Filter
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Image Filters for Enhancement

Original Image Image After Image After

With Noise Averaging Filter Median Filter
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Image Filters for Enhancement

Original Image Image After Image After

With Noise Averaging Filter Median Filter
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Image Filters for Enhancement

Before averaging filter
• Remove digital noise from image
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Image Filters for Enhancement

Before averaging filter After averaging filter

• Remove digital noise from image

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Frequency selective Low pass filter

Lowpass Filtering Examples

(cont…)
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Filter for Edge Detection

• An image of a contact lens which is enhanced in order to

make defects more obvious
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Edge detection
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Edge detection
Horizontal Edges
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Edge detection
Horizontal Edges

Vertical Edges
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Edge detection
Horizontal Edges

Vertical Edges Horizontal and Vertical Edges

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Canny edge detection

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Canny edge detection

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Segmentation based on thresholding

Original Image Histogram

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Segmentation based on thresholding

Original Image Histogram Segmented Image

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Image smoothing to improve segmentation

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Image smoothing to improve segmentation

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Morphological Operation: Erosion

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Morphological Operation: Erosion

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Morphological Operation: Erosion

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Morphological Operation: Erosion

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Morphological Operation: Dilation

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Morphological Operation: Dilation

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Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Image Acquisition
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Image Enhancement
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Image Restoration
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Morphological Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Segmentation
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Object Recognition
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Representation & Description

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Image Compression
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Colour Image Processing

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Video processing
• Video consists of several frames
• Each frame is an image
• Image processing techniques are same for video
processing
• Unlike Image processing, some video processing
techniques are based correlation between frames
• Some of these techniques are
• Compression
• Object tracking
• Segmentation
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