www.kalvisolai.

com

jkpo;ehL muR
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw

gphpT : TNPSC Group I Njh;T

ghlk; : ,e;jpa murpayikg;G
gFjp : cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

fhg;Ghpik

jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - I Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh

,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.

Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw

www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
www.kalvisolai.com

www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 ,JNt khepy murpd; euk;G nghJthf ,Uf;Fk; Jiwfshtd.
kz;lykhFk;.  nghJ eph;thfk;> cs;Jiw> epjp>
 ,J khepy murpd; gy Jiwfis Rfhjhuk;> tUtha;> tdj;Jiw>
cs;slf;fpaJ. fy;tpj;jpl;lk;> rpiw> Ntshz;ik>
 ,j;Jiwfs; murpay; mikr;rh; gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pak;> njhopyhsh;
-fshYk;> eph;thfj;jpd; nrayh; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G> nghJg;gzp>
-fshYk; jiyik $l;LwT> njhopy;> Ruq;fk; kw;Wk;
tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tphptpjpg;G> ePh;ghrdk;>
 khepy jiyik nrayfj;jpd; kpd;rhutl;lk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J>
jiyth; jiyik nrayh; Mthh;. tpsk;guk; kw;Wk; jfty;> cs;ehl;L
 xU nrayh;> xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L muR> rptpy; rg;is];> tPl;Ltrjp
jiyth;fspd; jiyth; Mthh;. kw;Wk; r%f tho;T.
 tof;fkhf xU nrayh; %j;j
I.V.v];. mjpfhhpahf ,Ug;ghh;. Copah;fs; (Personnel)
Mdhy; nghJg;gzpj;Jiwf;F  xU jiyikr; nrayfj;Jiw
kl;Lk; jiyikg;nghwpahsh; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F epakpf;fg;gl;l
jiytuhf ,Ug;ghh;. Copah;fisf; nfhz;lJ. jiyikr;
 xU nrayh; khepy muRf;fhd nrayf mYtyh;fspd; mLf;F
nrayh; Mthh;. mth; jdpg;gl;l xU Kiw gpd;tUkhW.
mikr;rUf;fhd nrayh; Mthh;.  nrayh;
 rpwg;G nrayh; my;yJ $Ljy;
mikg;G (Organisation) nrayh;
 jiyik nrayf Jiwfspd;  ,izr;nrayh;
vz;zpf;if khepyj;jpw;F khepyk;  Jizr;nrayh;
NtWgLk;.  fPo;r; nrayh;
 midj;J khepyq;fspYk;  cjtpr; nrayh;

khepy eph;thfj;jpd; jiyth; - MSeh;

Page 1
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 jiyikr; nrayf mYtyfk;  gl;n[l; jahhpg;gJk; nghJr;nryT

gpd;tUk; Copah;fis -fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;>
cs;slf;fpaJ. nfhs;iffisAk;> jpl;lq;fisAk;
 gphpT mYtyh; my;yJ eilKiwg;gLj;Jjiy Nkw;ghh;it
fz;fhzpg;ghsh; -apLjy;> mikg;G rhh;e;j Nghl;bia
 cjtp mYtyh; my;yJ Nkk;gLj;j eltbf;iffis
Jizf;fz;fhzpg;ghsh; vLj;jy;.
 Nky;gphpT Fkh];jh  Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; mspj;jy;
 fPo;gphpT Fkh];jh cs;spl;l mikr;rh;fspd;
 jl;lr;rhsh; flikfis rhptu epiwNtw;w
 Copah;fs; mth;fSf;F cjtp nra;jy;>
 Jiwj; jiyth;fis epakpj;jYk;>
gzpfs; (Functions) rk;gs eph;thfj;jpid ftdpj;jYk;>

 jiyikr; nrayfk; xU  khepy muRf;F Nahridj;

mYtyh;fspd; epWtdkhFk;. njhl;bahf nray;gLjy;.

 ,jd; Kf;fpa gzp mikr;rh;fSf;F  khepyj;jpd; epjp epiyia

mth;fspd; gzpfspy; cjTtNj Nkk;gLj;j tha;g;Gfis
MFk;. cUthf;Fjy;
 nghJkf;fspd; kDf;fis ngw;W
mth;fspd; Fiwfisj; jPh;j;jy;>
,jd; Kf;fpa gzpfshtd
 gzpfspd; tpjpfisAk;> mtw;wpd;
 khepy murpd; nfhs;iffisAk;
jpUj;jq;fisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
jpl;lq;fisAk; tFj;jy;.
 murpd; nfhs;iffisAk;
jpl;lq;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;jy;. jiyikr; nrayh; (Chief Secretary)

 rl;lq;fisAk; tpjpfisAk;  jiyikr; nrayhpd; gjtp

xOq;F KiwfisAk; tFj;jy;. ,q;fpyhe;jpd; Ml;rpfhyj;jpy;

 kj;jpa> khepy muRf;fpilNaahd kj;jpa murpy; Njhd;wpaJ.

njhlh;igAk;> xUq;fpizg;igAk;  ,J ,e;jpahtpd; MSeh;

ghJfhj;jy;. nty;ny];yp gpuG mth;fshy; 1799

Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Efh;Nthhpaypd; je;ij - ,uhy;g; elhy;

Page 2
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 ,g;gjtpapy; Kjd; Kjypy; [p.n`r;. mjpfhuq;fSk; gzpfSk; (Powers and

ghh;Nyh epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. Functions)
 ,g;gjtp Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kd; kj;jpa  jiyikr; nrayh; khepy eph;thfk;
murplkpUe;J khepy muRfshy; njhlh;ghd midj;J tptfhuq;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. -fspYk; Kjyikr;rUf;F
 jiyikr; nrayNu khepy MNyhrid toq;Fk; Kjy;
jiyikr; nrayfj;jpd; eph;thfj; MNyhrfuhf cs;shh;.
jiytuhthh;.  khepy Nfgpndl;bw;F nrayuhf
 ,tNu khepy eph;thfj;jpd; cs;shh;.
jiytUk;> khepy eph;thf  ,th; Nfgpndl; jiyikr;
mLf;FKiwapd; rpfuKk; Mthh;. nrayfj;jpd; jiytuhthh;. NkYk;
 ,tuJ epiy kw;w nrayh;fspd; Njitg;gl;lhy; Nfgpndl; kw;Wk;
epiyfis tpl KjyhdjhFk;. mjd; cl;FOf;fspd; $l;lq;
 ,th; midj;J nrayh;fSf;Fk; -fspYk; fye;J nfhs;thh;.
jiytuhthh;. ,th; midj;J  Nfgpndl; $l;lq;fspd; epfo;r;rp
jiyikr; nrayf JiwfisAk; epuiy jahhpg;gNjhL mf;$l;lq;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuKilath;. -fspd; eilKiwfisAk; gjpT
 ,th; khepy eph;thfk; KOtijAk; nra;thh;.
fl;Lg;gLj;jp jiyik jhq;fp top  khepy r%fg;gzpfspd; jiytuhf
elj;Jfpwhh;. nray;gLthh;
 1973y; ,Ue;J jiyik nrayNu  %j;j khepy r%fg;gzpahsh;fspd;
midtUf;Fk; %j;j epakdk;> gzpaplkhWjy; kw;Wk;
r%fg;gzpahsh; Mthh;. gjtp cah;T njhlh;ghd
 ,g;gjtpf;F ve;jtpj fhy tptfhuq;fis ifahSjy;>
eph;zaKk; fpilahJ.  midj;J r%fg; gzpahsh;
 jiyikr; nrayhpd; gjtpf;fhyk; 3 -fisAk; kdrhl;rpg;gb nray;gl
ypUe;J 4 tUlq;fs; tiu ,Uf;f itj;jy;.
Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpa eph;thf  khepy eph;thfj;jpd; jiyik
rPhj
; pUj;jf;FO ghpe;Jiu nra;jJ. xUq;fpizg;ghsh; Mthh;.
 JiwfSf;fpilNaahd xj;Jiog;
-ig cWjp nra;jy;

Page 3
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 JiwfSf;fpilNaahd xj;Jiog; -fspd; jiytuhfNth my;yJ

-gpw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l FOf;fspd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpduhfNth ,Ug;ghh;.
jiytuhthh;.  ,th; epthuzg;gzpfspy;
 gy Jiwfspd; nrayh;fspd; midj;J mYtyh;fSf;Fk; khepy
$l;lq;fis jiyikNaw;W murpd; gpujpepjpahf nray;gLthh;.
elj;Jthh;.  kw;w nrayh;fspd; mjpfhu
 kz;ly Mizahsh;fs; khtl;l tuk;gpw;Fs; tuhj tptfhuq;fis
Ml;rpahsh;fs;> khtl;l eph;thf jiyik nrayNu ftdpg;ghh;.
Jiwfspd; jiyth;fs; gq;Nfw;Fk;  rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepyk; ve;j
$l;lq;fSf;F jiyikNaw;ghh;. kz;lyf;FOtpy; cWg;gpduhf
 rpy jiyikr; nrayfj; cs;sNjh mf;FOtpd; nrayuhf
Jiwfspd; eph;thf jiytuhf Row;rp Kiwapy; nray;gLthh;.
nray;gLthh;.  ,th; khepy murpd; jiyik
 nghJthf nghJ eph;thfj;Jiw> kf;fs; njhlh;G mjpfhhpahf
njhopyhsh; Jiw> jpl;lj;Jiw> nray;gLthh;.
eph;thf rPhj
; pUj;jj;Jiw  ,th; Njrpa Nkk;ghl;L FOtpd;
Nghd;wit jiyikr;nrayhpd; $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;thh;.
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;.  ,th; khepy murpd; rhh;ghf
 nghJ eph;thfj;Jiwjhd; jiyik NgRgtuhf nray;gLthh;.
nrayf JiwfSs; kpfTk;  rl;lk; xOq;F kw;Wk; jpl;l
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jd; murpay; eph;thfj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;F
jiyth; khepy Kjyikr;ruhthh;. tfpf;fpd;whh;.
 midj;J khepyq;fspYk;  khepy jiyikr;nrayfk;
njhopyhsh; Jiw jiyikr; KOtJkhf ,tuJ Nkw;ghh;it
-nrayhpd; Neubj; jiyikapd; fPo; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;.
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpa  jiyikr; nrayf fl;blk;>
eph;thf rPh;j;jpUj;jf;FO ghpe;Jiu mikr;rh;fspd; Copah;fs;> kj;jpa
nra;jJ. Nfhg;Gg; gphpT> jiyikr; nrayf
 ,th; neUf;fbahd #o;epiyfspy; E}yfk; ghJfhg;G. fz;fhzpg;G
cah;epiy nfhs;if KbTfis kw;Wk; thh;L mYth;fs; kPJ
vLg;gjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l FOf;

Page 4
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

,tUf;F eph;thf fl;Lg;ghL jiyikr; nrayUf;Fk; Nfgpndl;

cz;L. nrayUf;FKs;s xw;Wikfs;:
 ,th; rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy (Similarities between the Chief
muRf;Fk;>kj;jpa muRf;Fk; kw;Wk; Secretary and the Cabinet Secretary)
kw;w khepy muRfSf;F ,ilNa  ,UtUk; jq;fsJ eph;thfj;
xU njhlh;G ghykhf jiyikf;F jiyik MNyhrfh;
tpsq;Ffpd;whh;. -fshfTk;>
 Nfgpdl; nrayuhy; jiyik  jq;fsJ eph;thfj;jpw;F jiyik
tfpj;J elj;jg;gLk; jiyikr; xUq;fpizg;ghsuhfTk;>
nrayh;fspd; Mz;L $l;lj;jpy;  Nfgpndl;bw;F nrayuhfTk;
fye;J nfhs;thh;. cs;sdh;.
 kj;jpa MNyhrfh;fs;  ,UtuJ gjtpfSk; kj;jpa murpy;
epakpf;fg;glhj NghJk; FbauRj; cUthdit.
jiythpd; Ml;rpapd; NghJk; ,th;  ,UtUk; jq;fsJ r%fg;
MSeUf;F MNyhrfuhf gzpfSf;F jiyth;fshth;.
nray;gLthh;.  ,UtUk; jq;fsJ Nfgpndl;
 khepy jiyikr; nrayUld; vLf;Fk; KbTfs; mkyhf;fg;gL
xg;gplf;$ba ve;j gjtpAk; kj;jpa -tij Nkw;ghh;itapLth;.
murpy; ,y;iy.
 kj;jpapy; cs;s Nfgpndl; nrayiu jiyikr; nrayUf;Fk; Nfgpndl;
khepy jiyikr;nrayUld; XusT nrayUf;FKs;s NtWghLfs;
xg;gplyhk;. (Difference between the Chief Secretary
 khepy jiyik nrayhpd; and the Cabinet Secretary)
gzpfSk;> gq;Fk; kpfTk;  jiyikr; nrayh; khepy
mjpfkhdJk;> mfykhdJk;> nrayh;fSf;F jiytuhthh;.
NtWgl;lJk; MFk;. Mdhy; kj;jpa Mdhy; Nfgpdl; nrayh; kj;jpa
mit Nfgpndl; nrayh;> cs;Jiw nrayh;fspd; jiyth; my;y.
nrayh;> epjpr; nrayh; kw;Wk;  jiyikr; nrayhpd; mjpfhuq;
njhopyhsh; nrayh; Mfpath; -fSk;> gzpfSk; Nfgpdl;
-fshy; gfph;eJ
; nfhs;sg; nrayhpd; mjpfhuq;fisAk;>
-gl;Ls;sd.

Page 5
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

gzpfisAk; tpl mjpfkhdit Mfpa khepyq;fspy; khtl;l ePjpgjp

-ahFk;. vd;Wk; m];]hk;> [k;K fh\;kPh>;
 jiyikr; nrayh; khepy jiyik gQ;rhg;> mhpahdh kw;Wk; fh;ehlfh
nrayfj;jpd; eph;thf jiytuhthh;. Mfpa khepyq;fspy; Jiz
Mdhy; Nfgpdl; nrayh; kj;jpa Mizah; vd;Wk;
jiyik nrayfj;jpd; eph;thfj; miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.
jiyth; my;y.  nghJeph;thfj; Jiwfs; khtl;l
 jiyikr; nrayh; khepy mstpy; Ml;rpahpd;; Neub fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;
kPjkha; ,Uf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fis ,Uf;Fk;. ,tiur; Rw;wpNa khtl;l
jd;dplNk itj;jpUg;ghh;. Mdhy; eph;thfk; KOtJk; RoYk;.
kj;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; Nfgpdl; nrayh;  khtl;l Ml;rpah;> murpay;
mg;gb ,Uf;f KbahJ. Kiwapy; Kjy;tuhYk;> eph;thf
 khepyj;jpd; rpy Jiwfs; Kiwapy; jiyikr;nrayuhYk;
jiyikr;nrayhpd; Neub jiyik tfpf;fg;gLthh;. khepy
fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; ,Uf;Fk;. murpd; nghJ eph;thfj;Jiwia
Mdhy; Nfgpdl; jiyikr; Nrh;;ej
; th; Mthh;.
nrayfj;ij jtpu ve;j JiwAk;  khtl;l Ml;rpah; kz;ly
Nfgpdl; nrayhpd; Neub Mizah;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jp
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;fhJ. Nkw;ghh;itapLth;.

khtl;l Ml;rpah; (District Collector) Njhw;wk; (Evolution)

 khtl;l Ml;rpah;> khtl;l  khtl;lk; vd;gJ ,e;jpahtpd;
eph;thfj;jpd; jiytUk;> khepy eph;thfj;jpDila mbg;gil
murpd; gpujpepjpAkhthh;. Gtpapay; myF MFk;.
 khtl;l Ml;rpah; gjtp  khtl;lk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F eph;thf
xg;gw;wjhFk;. gpuhd;]; ehl;by; fhuzj;jpw;fhf Fwpf;fg;gl;l
Perfect gjtpiaj; jtpu NtW ve;j gpuNjrk; vd;Wk; Mf;]‡Nghh;L
eph;thf Kiwia ,jDld; xg;gpl mfuhjp nghUs; $WfpwJ.
KbahJ.  nkhfyha eph;thfj;jpd; NghJ
 khtl;l Ml;rpah;> cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;> khtl;lk; rh;f;fhh; vd;W
gPfhh; kw;Wk; Nkw;F tq;fhsk; miof;fg;gl;L RNgjhhpd; khtl;l

Page 6
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; gzpGhpAk;> Ml;rpaUf;F gpd; tUk; gzpfs;

fNuhhp/gh[;jhh; vdg;gLk; uhZt cz;L.
mjpfhhpapd; jiyikapd; fPo;  epy tUtha; t#ypj;jy;.
,Ue;jJ.  murhq;fj;jpw;F tuNtz;ba kw;w
 jw;nghOJcs;s khtl;l Ml;rpah; tUtha;fis t#ypj;jy;.
gjtp 1772 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa  TACCAVI fld;fis toq;Fjy;
MSeuhf ,Ue;j kw;w tUtha;fis t#ypj;jy;.
thud;N`];bq;]; gpuG mth;fshy;  epy Nfhg;Gfis guhkhpj;jy;.
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.  fpuhkg;Gw Gs;sp tptuq;fis
 mth; kpfTk; mjpfhuk; cilatuhf Nrfupj;jy;.
,Ue;J rpwpa neg;Nghypad; vd;W  njhopy; epWtdk; mikj;jy;
miof;fg;gl;lhh;. fl;Lkhdk;> Nrhp xopg;G Nghd;w
gzpfs; (Role and Function) fhuzq;fSf;fhf epyq;fis

 tUtha; eph;thfk;;: tuyhw;wpd; ifafg;gLj;Jjy;.

mbg;gilapy; tUtha; t#ypg;gNj  epyr;rPhj
; pUj;jq;fis
khtl;l Ml;rpahpd; Kjy; kw;Wk; mky;gLj;Jjy;.
Kf;fpakhd gzpahf ,Ue;jJ.  tptrhapfspd; eytho;tpid
 Mdhy; mth; ,g;nghOJk; khtl;l ftdpj;jy;.
tUtha; eph;thfj;jpd;  neUg;G> gQ;rk; kw;Wk; nts;sk;
jiytuhthh;. Nghd;w ,aw;if rPw;wq;fspd; NghJ
 kfhuh\;buh kw;Wk; F[uhj;jpy; toq;fNtz;ba epthuzk; Fwpj;J
cs;s tUtha; thhpak; my;yJ ghpe;Jiu nra;jy; kw;Wk; gaph;
tUtha; Mizak; my;yJ ,og;gpid kjpg;gPL nra;jy;>
gQ;rhg;> mhpahdh kw;Wk;  fUT+yj;ijAk;> Jizf;
[k;Kfh\;kPhpy; cs;s epjp fUT+yj;ijAk; Nkw;ghh;itaply;>
Mizah; %yk; tUtha; t#ypf;f  ];lhk;g; rl;lj;ij mkyhf;Fjy;.
khepy muRf;F khtl;l Ml;rpah;  Gydha;T khdpaq;fis toq;Fjy;.
nghWg;Gilatuhth;.  murpd; v];Nll;Lfis eph;tfpj;jy;>
 khtl;l tUtha; eph;thfj;jpd;  fPo; mjpfhhpfshy; toq;fg;gl;l
jiyth; vd;w Kiwapy; khtl;l cj;juTfSf;F vjpuhf tUtha;
KiwaPLfis Nfl;ly;.

Page 7
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 [kPd;jhhp Kiw xopg;gpw;fhd eph;thfk; kw;Wk; rl;lk;

e\;l<l;bid toq;Fjy;. jdpj;jdpahf gphpf;fg;gl;lJ.
 ,jd; njhlh;r;rpahf rl;l
khepyj;jpd; fPohd eph;thfk;:
kh[p];l;Nul; vd;Dk; khtl;l
 khepy muR - Kjyikr;rh;
Ml;rpahpd; gq;F Kbtile;jJ.
 khepy jiyik nrayfk; -
 khtl;l kh[p];bNul; vd;Dk;
jiyikr; nrayh;
Kiwapy; khtl;l Ml;rpah;
 kz;lyk; - kz;ly mYtyh;
gpd;tUk; gzpfis ftdpf;fpwhh;.
 khtl;lk; - khtl;l Ml;rpah;
 jdf;F fPo; cs;s ePjpgjpfis
rl;lk; xOq;F (Law and Order) fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk;
 khtl;lj;jpy; rl;lk; xOq;if Nkw;ghh;itapLjy;>
epiyehl;LtNj khtl;l Ml;rpahpd;  Fw;wtpay; eilKiwr;rl;lj;jpd;
Kjy; flikahFk;. 144tJ tpjpapd; fPo; r%f
 ,jw;fhf fhty;Jiw mikjpf;Fk;> rl;lk; xOq;fpw;Fk;>
fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fspd; jiyikap Mgj;J Vw;gLk; NghJ cj;juTfis
-yhd khtl;l fhty; Jiw> khtl;l ntspapLjy;.
Ml;rpahpd; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk;  murplkpUe;Jk; kw;wth;fspl
Nkw;ghh;itapd; fPo; ,aq;Fk;. -kpUe;Jk; ngw;w kDf;fspd; kPjhd
 Rje;jpuj;Jf;F Kd; khtl;l Nfhhpf;ifia epiwNtw;wy;.
Ml;rpah; eph;thf kw;Wk; rl;l  ifjpfis gNuhypy; tpLtpj;jy;.
kh[p];l;Nul;lhf nray;gl;lhh;.  rpiwfspy; Ma;T elj;Jjy;>
 eph;thf kh[p];l;Nul; vd;w Kiwapy;  muRf;F Mz;L Fw;wtpay;
mtUf;F rl;l xOq;if mwpf;if mspj;jy;
ghJfhf;Fk; flik cs;sJ.  MAjq;fs;> czTtpLjp>
 rl;l kh[p];bNul; vd;w Kiwapy; ntbnghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
mth; r%f kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; ngl;Nuhypak; Nghd;w gy tifahd
tof;FfSf;F nghWg;Gilatuhth;. chpikfis toq;Fjy;>
 Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpwF muRf; jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itj;jy;
nfhs;ifapd; topfhl;b kw;wk; uj;J nra;jy;.
newpKiwapy; cs;s ruj;J 50d; gb  rpiwf; ifjpfSf;F trjpahd
tFg;Gfis toq;Fjy;.

Page 8
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 cs; mikg;Gfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;  Nkk;ghl;L eph;thfj;jpy; khtl;l

kw;Wk; Nkw;ghh;itapLjy;> Ml;rpahpd; Kf;fpa gq;F
 Nfspf;if thp kw;Wk; gj;jphpf;if xUq;fpizg;Ng MFk;.
rl;lq;fis mkyhf;Fjy;>  73tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr;rl;lk;
 mrhjhuzkhd #o;epiyfspy; 1992> 1993 kw;Wk; 1994 Mk;
r%f eph;thfj;jpy; cjt MAjg; Mz;Lfspy; gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa
gilfis mioj;jy;. rl;lq;fs; Nkk;ghl;L eph;thfj;jpy;
 njhopw;rhiyfs; rl;lk; kw;Wk; khtl;l Ml;rpahpd; gq;fpid
th;j;jf FwpaPl;L rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Fiwj;jd.
Fw;wthspfSf;F vjpuhf
eltbf;if vLj;jy;> kw;w mjpfhuq;fSk; gzpfSk; (Other
 ahUk; chpik Nfhuhj nrhj;jpid Powers and Function)
tpw;f cj;jutpLjy;.  khtl;l jpl;l mkyhf;f FOtpw;F
 fhLfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fis jiyikNaw;wy;>
ghpe;Jiu nra;jy;.  khtl;l jiyik mjpfhhpahf
nray;gLjy;>
Nkk;ghl;L eph;thfk; (Development  eph;thf kw;Wk; Fbkf;fSf;fpil
Administration) -Naahd njhlh;G ghykhf
 Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Nkk;ghl;L nray;gLjy;>
jpl;lq;fs; njhlq;fg;gl;l gpd;dh;
mj;jifa jpl;lq;fis  khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s efuhl;rpfspd;
mkyhf;Ftjpy; khtl;l eph;thfj;ij Nkw;ghh;itapLjy;>
Ml;rpaUf;F Kf;fpa gq;F cz;L.  khtl;lj;jpy; eilngWk;
 gy khepyq;fspy; khtl;l Ml;rpah; tpohf;fspy; khepy murpd;
khtl;l Nkk;ghl;L mjpfhhpahf gpujpepjpahf fye;J nfhs;Sjy;.
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.  ,aw;if rPww
; q;fs; kw;Wk; gpw
 ,th; ,e;jpa rq;fq;fs; gjpT mtru epiyfspd; NghJ jiyik
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; xt;nthU eph;thfpahf nray;gLjy;.
khtl;lj;jpYk; 1980 Mk; Mz;L  khtl;l njhopyhsh;fspd;
mikf;fg;gl;l khtl;l fpuhkg;Gw tptfhuq;fis ifahSjy;>
Nkk;ghl;L mikg;gpd; jiytuhthh;.

Page 9
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 rptpy; rg;isf;F (tl;l toq;fy;)  Jiz kz;ly mjpfhhpahf xU

nghWg;Gilatuhf ,Uj;jy;> ,e;jpa eph;thf gzpfs; my;yJ
 r%f ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd khepy r%fg;gzpfspd; cWg;gpdh;
Ntiyfis ifahSjy;> xUtiu khepy muR epakpj;J
 ,uhZt mjpfhhpfSldhd jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;
njhlh;ig guhkhpj;jy; kw;Wk; itj;jpUf;fyhk;.
gzpapYs;s> Xa;T ngw;w  khtl;l Ml;rpaiug; Nghd;Nw
MAjg;gil tPuh;fspd; eyid mtUk; mg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mjpfhhp>
fhj;jy;> eph;thfp kw;Wk; gy gzpfis
 ghuhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; rl;lrig nra;af; $bath; Mthh;.
Njh;jy;fSf;F jftyDg;Gk;  mtUf;F tUtha>; ePjp kw;Wk;
mjpfhhpahf nray;gLjy;> eph;thfk; rhh;e;j mjpfhuq;fs;
 khtl;l mstpy; Njh;jy; gzpfis toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
xUq;fpizj;jy;>  jiyik eph;thf mjpfhhp kw;Wk;
 khtl;l fzf;nfLg;G mjpfhhpahf khepy murpd; gpujpepjp vd;w
nray;gLjy;. Kiwapy; Jiz kz;lyj;jpy;
cs;s muR mYtyh;fspd;
khtl;lj;jpd; fPohd eph;thfk;: nray;ghLfSld; ,th; njhlh;G
 khtl;lk; - khtl;l Ml;rpah; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
 Jiz kz;lyk; - Jiz kz;ly  ,th; tUtha; njhlh;ghd
mjpfhhp tptfhuq;fspy; khtl;l
 jhYfh - jhrpy;jhh; Ml;rpaUf;Fk; jhrpy;jhUf;Fk;
 tl;lk; - tUtha; Ma;thsh; ,ilNaahd ,izg;ghfTk; rl;lk;
 fpuhkk; - gl;thhp xOq;F njhlh;ghd tptfhuq;fspy;
khtl;l ePjpgjpf;Fk;> fhty; epiya

Jiz kz;lyk; (Sub – Division) mjpfhhpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa

 epy tUtha; rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,izg;ghfTk; nray;gLfpd;whh;.

Fw;wtpay; eilKiw rl;lj;jpd; fPo;  ,th; khtl;l Ml;rpahpd; jiyik

tUtha; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; MNyhrfuhthh;. ,th; Jiz

eph;thfj;jpw;fhf xU khtl;lk; rpW kz;lyj;jpy; eph;thfk; njhlh;ghd

rpW gFjpfshf gphpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Page 10
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

mk;rq;fspy; khtl;l Ml;rpaUf;F guhkhpg;gjw;Fk;

nghWg;Gilatuhthh;. nghWg;Gilatuhthh;.
 Jiz kz;lyk; ,U tifg;gLk;.
mYtyf tif> Rw;Wg;gaz tif. tl;lk;: (Circle)
 ,jd; ngah;fSk;> jiythpd;  tUtha; eph;thfj;jpw;fhf xt;nthU
ngah;fSk; khepyj;jpw;F khepyk; jhYfhTk; rpWrpW gphpTfshf
gpd;tUkhW NtWgLk;. gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
 tl;l Ma;thsh; tUtha; eph;thf
jhYfh: (Tehsil) rq;fpypapy; Kjy;epiy
 xt;nthU Jiz kz;lyKk; Nkw;ghh;itahsuhf cs;shh;.,th;
NkYk; rpWrpW gphpTfshf tUtha; eph;thfj;ijAk;
gphpf;fg;gLk;. epyNfhg;GfisAk; Nkw;ghh;it
 epytUtha;> epyf;Nfhg;Gfs;> ,Lthh;.
fUT+yk;> ePjpkd;wk; Nghd;w  ,th; nghJthf khtl;l
mk;rq;fSf;F jhYfhNt Ml;rpauhy; epakpf;fg;gLthh;.
mbg;gil myfhFk;.
 gy;NtW Jiwfspd; fpuhkk; (Village)
mYtyfq;fSk; ,jDs;  midj;J khepyq;fspYk; eph;thf
mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,J xU rpwpa kw;Wk; epjp rhh;e;j fhuzq;fSf;fhf
khtl;lkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. gphpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; midj;Jf;Fk;
 jhrpy;jhh; khepy r%fg;gzpfis fPohd mikg;G fpuhkNkahFk;.
rhh;ej
; tUk; nf]l; me;j];jpy;  jkpo;ehl;by; fpuhkj;jpd; kpf
cs;s mjpfhhpAk; Mthh;. Kf;fpakhd gjtpapd; ngah;
 ,th; jhYfhtpy; tUtha; fpuhkj;jiyth; MFk;.
t#ypg;gjw;Fk; rl;lk; xOq;if  ,tUf;F ,izahd gjtp
kfhuh\;buhtpy; gNly; vdg;gLfpwJ.

khepyq;fs; gphpTfs; jiyth;fs;

cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; Jiz kz;lyk; Jiz kz;ly ePjpgjp
jkpo;ehL tUtha; kz;lyk; tUtha; kz;ly mjpfhhp
kfhuh\;buh gpuhz;l; gpuhz;l; mjpfhhp Jiz Ml;rpah;

Page 11
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

khepyq;fs; gphpTfs; jiyth;fs;

cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; jhrpy; jhrpy;jhh;
jkpo;ehL jhYfh jhrpy;jhh;
kfuh\;buh jhYfh / k`hy; khk;yj;jhh; / k`hy;fh;
 ,jw;F ,izahd gjtp vJTk; cs;shl;rp murhq;fk;
cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,y;iy.  xU Fwpg;gpl;l rpwpa epyg;gug;gpy;
 gQ;rhg;> ,khr;ryg;gpuNjrk;> thOk; kf;fs; jq;fsJ rpy
`hpahdh kw;Wk; kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; Njitfisg; G+h;j;jp nra;J
Mfpa khepyq;fspy; gl;thhp nfhs;sTk;> jy tptfhuq;fisf;
vdg;gLgth; jhd; tUtha; ftdpf;fTk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L
fzf;FfisAk;> epy ,Uf;Fk; Xh; mikg;ig cs;shl;rp
Nfhg;GfisAk; guhkhpg;ghh;. murhq;f mikg;G vd toq;fyhk;.
 ,th; gy khepyq;fspy; gy  mt;tplj;jpy; thOk; kf;fNs me;j
ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. Ml;rp mikg;gpd; tptfhuq;fisf;
cjhuzkhf cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; ftdpj;jhy; mJ cs;shl;rp my;yJ
Nyhf;ghy; vdTk;> jkpo;ehl;by; jyRa Ml;rp vdg;gLfpwJ.
fh;zk; my;yJ fzf;Fg;gps;is  fpuhkq;fspYk; efuq;fspYk; thOk;
kfhuh\;buj;jpy; jyhj;jp vdTk; kf;fspd; ey;tho;it cah;j;Jtjw;
miof;fg;gLfpd;whh;. -fhd topKiwfis tFj;J
 ,th; khtl;l tUtha; eph;thfj;jpd; mtw;iwr; nray;gLj;JtNj jyRa
mbg;gil vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. Ml;rp epWtdj;jpd; Kf;fpaf;
 Ch; kd;wf; $l;lq;fs; Mz;Lf;F Fwpf;NfhshFk;.
ehd;F Kiw $Lfpd;wd. 1. [dthp jyRa Ml;rpapd; gzpfs;:
26 FbauR ehs;> 2. Nk 1 njhopyhsh;  jyRa Ml;rpapd; gzpfis
ehs;> 3. Mf];l; 15 tpLjiy ehs;> 4. ,uz;L gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fyhk;.
mf;Nlhgh; 2 kfhj;kh fhe;jp gpwe;j  xd;W fl;lhag;gzpfs; (Obligatory)
ehs;. kw;nwhd;W tpUg;gg;gzpfs;
(Discretionary).

1688 Mk; Mz;by; jhd; ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ cs;shl;rp mikg;ghd

nrd;id khefuhl;rp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Page 12
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 njUf;fs;> nghJ ,lq;fSf;F  ,jdbg;gilapy; ,e;jpahtpy;

tpsf;F NghLjy;> jz;zPh; trjp> cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs;
gpwg;G ,wg;G gjpT> njhlf;ff; fy;tp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
kUj;Jtkid> jPaizg;G Nghd;w
gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pak; (Panchayat Raj)
nghJeyj;jpw;F mtrpakhdit
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pak; vd;Dk; nrhy;
fl;lhag; gzpfshFk;.
fpuhkg;Gw cs;ehl;L Ra murpid
 G+q;fh mikj;jy;> nghJ
Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
Njhl;lq;fs;> E}yfq;fs;> ePr;ry;
 Nth; (mb kl;l mstpy; ,Ue;J)
Fsq;fs;> kdkfpo; kd;wq;fs;
mstpypUe;J [dehafj;ij
Nghd;w trjpfs; nra;J jUtJ
mikg;gjw;fhf ,it me;je;j
tpUg;g gzpfs; MFk;.
khepyj;jpd; rl;lrigfs; ,aw;wpa
,e;jpahtpd; cs;shl;rp murhq;fk;
rl;lq;fspd; %yk;
 gz;ilfhy ,e;jpahtpy; cs;shl;rp cUthf;fg;gl;ld.
mikg;Gfs; nray;gl;lij kDE}y;>
mh;j;j rh];jpuk; thapyhfTk;>
 ,jw;F fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghl;Lj;
Nrhoh; fhy FlNthiy Kiw gw;wp
-Jiwapd; flikfSk; gzpfSk;
cj;jpuNk&h; fy;ntl;L %yKk;
cs;sd.
mwpayhk;.
 73tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr;
 Mdhy; jw;Nghija cs;shl;rp
rl;lk; 1992d; %yk; ,J murpay;
mikg;Gfs; Mq;fpNyah; fhyj;jpy;
mikg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jhd; Njhd;wp tsh;e;jd.
 kj;jpa mstpy; fpuhkg;Gw
 cs;shl;rpapy; Kf;fpakhd
Nkk;ghl;L mikr;rfk; gQ;rhaj;J
rPhj
; ;jpUj;jq;fis hpg;gd; gpuG
uh[;[pa mikg;Gfspd;
Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. jw;Nghija ,e;jpa
nray;ghLfis ftdpf;fpwJ.
murpayikg;gpd; newpnra;
 cs;ehl;L murhq;fk; vd;gJ
tpjpfspd; ruj;J 40 ‘muR fpuhkg;
khepyq;fspd; gl;baypy; ,lk;
gQ;rhaj;Jf;fis Vw;gLj;jp mit
ngw;Ws;s xU mk;rkhFk;.
Ra Ml;rp mikg;Gfshf
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; 7tJ
,aq;Ftjw;F Njitahd
ml;ltizapy; khepyq;fspd;
mjpfhuq;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;”
gl;bay; cs;s 5tJ gphpT ,jidf;
vdf; fl;lis ,LfpwJ.
ifahSfpwJ.
Page 13
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;jh FO (Balwanthray cWg;gpdh;fshYk; mikf;fg;gl

Metha Committee) Ntz;Lk;.
 r%f Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk; (1952)  midj;J jpl;l kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L
kw;Wk; Njrpa ePl;bf;fg;gl;l gzpfs; eltbf;iffisAk; ,e;j
(1953) Mfpatw;wpd; mikg;Gfsplk; xg;gilf;f
nray;ghLfis gw;wp MuhaTk;> Ntz;Lk;.
mit NkYk; rpwe;j Kiwapy;  gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp eph;thf
nray;gl MNyhridfis mikg;ghfTk;> [py;yh ghp\j;
toq;fTk;> ,e;jpa muR 1957 k; MNyhrid $Wk;>
Mz;L [dthp khjk; xU xUq;fpizf;Fk;> kw;Wk;
FOtpid mikj;jJ. Nkw;ghh;itapLk; mikg;ghfTk;
 ,f;FO jdJ mwpf;ifia 1957k; ,Uf;Fk;.
Mz;L etk;gh; khjk;mspj;jJ.  khtl;l Ml;rpah; [py;yh ghp\j;jpd;
NkYk; ,J gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa jiytuhf ,Ug;ghh;.
Kiw mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd  ,j;jifa [dehaf mikg;G
ghpe;Jiuj;jJ. mjd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f -fSf;F mjpfhuq;fSk;
ghpe;Jiufshtd. flikfSk; cz;ikapNyNa
 khtl;l mstpyhd [py;yh gup\j;> toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
xd;wpa mstpyhd gQ;rhaj;J  ,j;jifa mikg;Gfs; jq;fsJ
rkpjp fpuhk mstpyhd fpuhk flikfisAk; gzpfisAk;
gQ;rhaj;J Mfpatw;iw epiwNtw;w mitfSf;F
cs;slf;fpa %d;wLf;F Kiwia NghJkhd %y tsq;fis toq;f
mikj;jy;. Ntz;Lk;.
 ,k;%d;W mLf;FfspYk; kiwKf  vjph;fhyj;jpy; tUgth;fs;
Njh;jy;fspd; %yk; xd;Wld; xd;W mjpfhuj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;
,izf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. tifapy; ,k;Kiwia mikf;f
 fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;J Neubahf Ntz;Lk;.
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l  ,g;ghpe;Jiufs; Njrpa Nkk;ghl;L
cWg;gpdh;fshYk; gQ;rhaj;J FOtpdhy; 1958 Mk; Mz;L
rkpjpAk;> [py;yh gup\j;Jk; [dthp khjk; Vw;Wf;
kiwKfkhf Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gl;l nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

Page 14
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 ,f;FO xNu Kiwia gpd;gw;WkhW mth;fspd; jiyikapy; [djh

typAWj;jtpy;iy. cs;ehl;L muR mikj;jJ.
#o;epiyfSf;F jf;fthW xU  ,f;FO jdJ mwpf;ifia 1978>
Kiwapid khepy muRfNs Mf];l;by; mspj;jJ. NkYk; ,J
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk; vd;W ehl;by; Fiwe;J tUk; gQ;rhaj;J
$wpaJ. uh[;[pa Kiwia typikahf;f 132
 Mdhy; ,jd; mbg;gilf; ghpe;Jiufis mspj;jJ. mjd;
nfhs;iffs; ehL KOtJk; xNu ghpe;Jiufshtd.
khjphpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.  %d;wLf;F gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[paj;ij Kjd; Kiwf;F gjpyhf ,uz;lLf;F
Kjypy; mikj;j khepyk; Kiwia mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
uh[];jhd;.  khtl;l mstpyhd [py;yh ghp\j;
 ,j;jpl;lk; ehfTh; khtl;lj;jpy; kw;Wk; mjw;F fPo; 15000ypUe;J
1959 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; 2k; 20000tiu kf;fs; njhif nfhz;l
ehs; gpujkh; gz;bl; [t`h;yhy; fpuhkq;fs; ,ize;j FOtpid
NeU mth;fshy; njhlq;fp nfhz;l kz;ly gQ;rhaj;J.
itf;fg;gl;lJ.  mjpfhuq;fis gfph;ej
; spg;gjpy;
 uh[];jhid njhlh;e;J khepyj;jpw;F mLj;jgbahf
Me;jpug;gpuNjrKk; 1959 Mk; khtl;lNk Kjy; epiyahf ,Uf;f
Mz;L ,k;Kiwia Vw;Wf; Ntz;Lk;.
nfhz;lJ.  [py;yh ghp\j; eph;thf
 tpjp tpyf;Ffs;: jkpo;ehL mikg;ghfTk; khtl;l
; mstpyhd
,uz;lLf;F Kiwia Vw;Wf; jpl;lkpLjYf;F nghWg;ghdjhfTk;
nfhz;lJ. Nkw;F tq;fk; ,Uf;Fk;.
ehd;fLf;F Kiwia  gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jy;fspd; midj;J
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. epiyfspYk; murpay; fl;rpfs;
gq;Nfw;f Ntz;Lk;.
mNrhf; Nkj;jh FO (Ashok Metha
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfs;
Committee)
jq;fsJ epjp Mjhuq;fis
 1977> brk;ghpy; gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd thpfis
mikg;Gfspd; kPjhd xU
tpjpf;f mjpfhuk; ngw;wjhFk;.
FOtpid mNrhf; Nkj;jh

Page 15
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu FOf;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F

FOf;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l epjp tfpf;fpd;wd.
mitfSf;fhf nryT  gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfis
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij ftdpg;gjw;fhf mikr;ruitapy;
fz;fhzpf;f khtl;l mstpyhd xU mikr;rh; epakpf;fg;gl
mikg;G xd;wpdhy; jzpf;if Ntz;Lk;.
nra;ag;gLk;.
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfis  jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhh; kw;Wk;
khepy muR ePf;f KbahJ. goq;FbapdUf;fhd ,lq;fs;
 mtrukhd rpwg;G $l;lj;njhlhpd; mth;fsJ kf;fs; njhifapy;
NghJ mf; $l;lk; eilngw;w mbg;gilapy; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl
ehspypUe;J 6 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; Ntz;Lk;.
Njh;jy; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  [djh muR jdJ gjtpf;fhyk;
 epaha gQ;rhaj;Jf;fs;> Nkk;ghl;L KbAk; Kd;dNu fiyf;fg;gl;ljhy;
gQ;rhaj;JfspypUe;J gphpf;fg;gl;L mNrhf; Nkj;jh FOtpd;
jdpahd mikg;Gfshf ,Uf;f ghpe;Jiufspd; Nghpy; ve;j
Ntz;Lk;. mtw;Wf;F jFjpngw;w eltbf;ifAk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.
ePjpgjp xUth; jiytuhf ,Uf;f  fh;ehlfh> Nkw;F tq;fk; kw;Wk;
Ntz;Lk;. Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; Mfpa khepyq;fs;
 jiyik Njh;jy; MizaUld; mNrhf; Nkj;jh FOtpd;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J jiyik Njh;jy; ghpe;Jiufis kdjpy; nfhz;L
mjpfhhp gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jy;fis gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;GfSf;F
elj;j Ntz;Lk;. Gj;Japh; mspf;f KbT nra;jd.
 Nkk;ghl;L gzpfs; [py;yh
ghp\j;Jf;F khw;wg;gl;L midj;J G.V.K uht; FO (G.V.K. Rao
Nkk;ghl;L Copah;fSk; ,jd; Committee)
fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;gpd;  fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; tWik
fPo; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. xopg;Gj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[paj;jpw;F kf;fspd; eph;thfj;jpw;fhf G.V.K uht;
Mjuit jpul;Ltjpy; jd;dhh;t jiyikapyhd xU FOtpid

Page 16
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

1985 Mk; Mz;L jpl;lf;FO  mDke;jh uht; FOtpd; mwpf;if>

mikj;jJ. gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;jh FO> eph;thf
 ,f;FO Nkk;ghl;L eilKiwahdJ rPhj
; ;jpUj;jf; FO> mNrhf; Nkj;jh
gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfsplk; FO>G.V.K uht; FO Mfpatw;wpd;
,Ue;J gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w mwpf;ifapypUe;J NtWgl;L>
KbTf;F te;jJ. Nkk;ghl;L eph;thfj;jpd; khtl;l
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa Kiwf;F Ml;rpahpd; gq;iff; Fiwj;J
Gj;Japh; mspf;fTk;> typik gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[paj;jpw;F mjpf
toq;fTk; ,f;FO gpd;tUk; gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpaJ.
ghpe;Jiufis toq;fpaJ.
 [dehaf mjpfhug; gfph;tpy; [py;yh L.M rpq;tp FO (L.M. Singhvi
ghp\j;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;f Committee)
Ntz;Lk;.  1986 Mk; Mz;L uh[Pt; fhe;jp
 khepy mstpyhd rpy muR> [dehafk; kw;Wk;
jpl;lg;gzpfis> khtl;l Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa
mstpyhd jpl;l mikg;GfSf;F mikg;GfSf;F kPz;Lk;
khw;w Ntz;Lk;. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;f L.M rpq;tp
 khtl;l jpl;l Mizah; vd;w gjtp jiyikapyhd xU FOtpid
cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mth; epakpj;jJ. ,jd; Kf;fpag;
[py;yh ghp\j;jpd; jiyik eph;thf ghpe;Jiufshtd.
mjpfhhpahfTk;> khepy mstpyhd  gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfs;
jpl;lj;Jiwf;F murpayikg;gpd;gb
nghWg;GilatuhfTk; tpsq;Fthh;. mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L> ghJfhf;fg;gl
 ,e;j mbg;gilapy; G.V.K uht; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf xU Gjpa
mth;fspd; mwpf;if (1986) xd;wpa mj;jpahaj;ij ,e;jpa murpay;
mstpyhd jpl;lj;jpd; kPjhd mikg;gpy; ,izf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jde;thyh FOtpd; mwpf;ifapy;  gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;GfSf;F
,Ue;Jk; (1978)> khtl;lj;jpd; Kiwahd epahakhd Njh;jy;fis
kPjhd mDke;jh uht; FOtpd; elj;jTk; ,f;FO rpy
mwpf;ifapypUe;Jk; (1984) murpayikg;G cld;gbf;iffis
NtWgl;Ls;sJ. ghpe;Jiuj;jJ.

Page 17
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 gy fpuhkq;fs; ,ize;j FOtpw;F njhif mbg;gilapy; ,l xJf;fPL

epaha gQ;rhaj;Jfs; mikf;fg;gl nra;jy;.
Ntz;Lk;.  ngz;fSf;F %d;wpy; xU gq;Ff;F
 fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;Jf;fs; NkYk; Fiwtpy;yhj ,l xJf;fPL nra;jy;.
tYg;ngWk; tifapy; fpuhkq;fis  midj;J mLf;Ffspd; jiyth;
xd;wpizf;f Ntz;Lk;. gjtpfspYk; Nkw;fz;l
 NkYk; ,J fpuhk rghtpd; jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhh;> goq;Fbapdh;>
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; $WfpwJ. ,J ngz;fs; ,l xJf;fPl;bid
fpuhk rghit Neub [dehaf cU nray;gLj;Jjy;.
nfhLf;ff; $baJ vd;W  cs;shl;rp mikg;GfSf;F epjp
$Wfpd;wJ. epiyapid typik nra;Ak;
 fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F mjpf nghUl;L xU epjp Mizaj;ij
epjp Mjhuq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mikj;jy;.
 gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pa mikg;Gfspd;  ,e;j Mizak; Ie;J
Njh;jy;> fiyg;G kw;Wk; gzpfs; Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw cs;shl;rp
njhlh;ghd rh;r;irfis ePf;f mikg;Gfspd; epjpepytuj;ij
xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; ePjpj; Ma;T nra;Ak;. NkYk;> khepy
jPhg
; ;ghaq;fs; mikf;fg;gl ,Ug;G epjpapypUe;J ,tw;wpw;F
Ntz;Lk;. toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba
njhifapidAk; KbT nra;Ak;.
73tJ kw;Wk; 74tJ rl;lj;jpUj;jq;  cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd;
-fspd; nghJthd $Wfs;: fzf;Ffisj; jzpf;if
 rPuhd Ie;jhz;Lg; nra;tjw;nfd Vw;ghL nra;jy;.
gjtpf;fhyj;Jld; midj;J  VNjDk; cs;shl;rp mikg;G
fpuhkg;Gw kw;Wk; efh;g;Gw fiyf;fg;gLkhdy; MWkhj
mikg;GfSf;F Neh;Kfj;Njh;jy; fhyj;jpw;Fs; fl;lhakhfj;
elj;Jjy; 21 taJila vtUk; Njh;jiy elj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghL
,j;Njh;jypy; Nghl;baplyhk;. nra;jy;.
 jho;j;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdh;>  fl;rp Ntl;ghsh;fshfNth my;yJ
goq;Fbapdh; kw;Wk; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l RNal;ir Ntl;ghsh;fshfNth
tFg;gpdh; MfpNahUf;F kf;fs; Nghl;baplyhk;.

Page 18
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

73tJ murpayikg;Gr;jpUj;jr; rl;lk;:  ,tw;iw khepy muRfs; khw;wq;fs;

 ,r;rl;lj;jpd;gb ,e;jpa ,d;wp nra;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;.
murpayikg;gpy; Gjpjhf tpUg;g tifKiwfis khepy
‘gQ;rhaj;Jfs;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; muRfs; tpUk;gpdhy;
gFjp IX ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mk;khepyj;jpd; Gtpapay;> murpay;>
 ,J ruj;Jfs; 243 - 243-O eph;thf #o;epiyfspd;
tiuapyhd tifKiwfisf; jd;ikf;Nfw;g khw;wp
nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> mikj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.
gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s  khepyg; gl;baypy; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;s
29 tifahd gzpfisf; ,e;j kj;jpa muRr; rl;lk; fPo;kl;l
Fwpg;gpLk; (ruj;J 243-G) 11tJ mstpy; kf;fshl;rp kyu top
ml;ltizAk; ,r;rl;lj;jhy; nra;fpwJ.
murpayikg;gpy; 73tJ rl;lj;jpypUe;J Kf;fpaf;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. $Wfs;:
 ,r;rl;lk; muRf;F topfhl;Lk; fpuhk rig:
newpKiwfspd; ruj;J 40y; cs;s  ,J xU fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s
gQ;rhaj;Jf;fis cUthf;Fk; thf;Fhpik gilj;j midj;J
murpd; flikia epiwT nra;Ak; egh;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa
tifapy; mike;Js;sJ. rigahFk;.
 ,jdhy; gQ;rhaj;Jfs; murpay;  fpuhkr; rl;lkd;wkhf> khepy muR
rl;lg; ghJfhg;igAk;> mspj;Js;s mjpfhuk;>
njhlh;r;rpahf Njh;jy; elj;jg;gl;L chpikfSf;F cl;gl;L ,J
cUthf;fg;gLtijAk; rl;lg;gb nray;gLk;.
ngw;Ws;sd.
 ,r;rl;lk; fl;lha tif %d;wLf;F gQ;rhaj;J (Three tier
KiwfisAk;> tpUg;g Panchyat):
tifKiwfisAk; ngw;Ws;sd.  ,r;rl;lk; fpuhk mstpy;> xd;wpa
fl;lha tifKiwfs; ehL mstpy; kw;Wk; khtl;l mstpy;
KOikf;Fk; xNu khjphpahd vd %d;W mLf;F gQ;rhaj;J
mikg;ig cUthf;f top Kiwia Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ.
nra;fpd;wd.

Page 19
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 xt;nthU mLf;fpw;Fk; khepy epjpf;FO (State Finance

cWg;gpdh;fs; Neubj; Njh;jy; %yk; Committee)
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;  gQ;rhaj;Jf;fspd; epjpepiyia
khtl;l kw;Wk; xd;wpag; Ma;T nra;a khepy MSeH
gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; jiyth;fs; xt;nthU 5
kl;Lk; kiwKfkhf Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiwAk; xU
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdh;fs; epjpf;FOtpid mikf;fyhk;.,J
%ykhf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. gpd;tUk; ghpe;Jiufis
 fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;J jiyth;fSf;F MSeUf;F toq;fyhk;.
khepy muR tpUk;gpdhy; Neub  khepy murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l tupfs;
my;yJ kiwKfj; Njh;jiy kw;Wk; fl;lzq;fis khepy
elj;jyhk;. muRf;Fk;> gQ;rhaj;Jf;FkpilNa
 kf;fs; njhif 20 yl;rj;jpw;F gfpHe;J nfhs;tJ njhlHgpyhd
Fiwthf cs;s khepyq;fspy; nfhs;iffs;.
xd;wpag; gQ;rhaj;J mikf;fj;  khepy njhFg;G epjpapypUe;J
Njitapy;iy. gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F toq;f Ntz;ba
khdpak; njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;.
epjp (Finance)
 gQ;rhaj;Jf;fspd; epjp njhlHghf
khepy rl;lrig :
MSeuhy; epjpf;FOtpw;F jpUg;gp
 t#y; nra;aTk;> gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F
mDg;gg;gl;l tptfhuq;fs;.
mjpfhuk; toq;fyhk;.
 khepy rl;lrig FOtpd;
 khepy murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L t#y;
cWg;gpdHfspd; jFjpfs; kw;Wk;
nra;ag;gl;l tupfs; fl;lzq;fs;
mtHfs; NjHe;njLf;fgl Ntz;ba
Nghd;wtw;iw toq;fyhk;.
Kiw Nghd;wtw;iw toq;Fk;.
 khepy njhFg;G epjpapypUe;J
 MSeH mf;FOtpd;
khdpaq;fs; toq;fyhk;.
ghpe;JiuNahL mtw;wpd; kPJ
 epjpfis mikj;J mtw;wpypUe;J
vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; gw;wpa
jdJ epjp Njitfis G+Hj;jp
mwpf;ifiaAk; khepy
nra;J nfhs;s mjpfhukspf;fyhk;.
rl;lrigapd; Kd; rkh;g;gpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.

Page 20
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 khepyj;jpYs;s gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F khepy rl;lrig tpjpfis

epjp Mjhuq;fs; toq;f khepy tFf;fyhk;.,r;rl;lk; njhlq;fg;
njhFg;Gepjpapid -gl;l ehs; 1993> Vg;uy; 24 MFk;.
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd
MNyhridfis kj;jpa epjp fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk;
MizaUk; toq;fyhk;. (Rural Dvelopment Programmes)
(khepy epjpf;FOtpd;  1952 - r%f Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk;.
gupe;Jiufspd; mbg;gilapy;).  1953 - Njrpa tphpthf;fj; jpl;lk;
 ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiytH jhd;  1960 - kiyg;gpuNjr Nkk;ghl;L
$Wk; tpjptpyf;Ffs; kw;Wk; jpl;lk;.
jpUj;jq;fSf;Fl;gl;L ,r;rl;lk;  1962 - goq;Fbapd gpuNjr
ve;j xU A+dpad; gpuNjrj;jpw;Fk; Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk;.
nghUe;Jk; vd;Wk; cj;jutpl  1965 - mjpf kf#y; tif
cupik cz;L. jpl;lq;fs;.
 [k;K fh\;kPH> ehfyhe;J>  1969 - rpwpa tptrhhapfs; kw;Wk;
Nkfyhah> kw;Wk; kpNrhuk; Mfpa Ntshz; njhopyhsHfspd;
khepyq;fSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; rpy Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd mikg;G
gFjpfSf;Fk; ,r;rl;lk;  1972 - Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;l fpuhk
nghUe;jhJ. FbePH toq;fy; jpl;lk;
 ,e;jg; gFjpfs; murpayikg;gpd;  1973 - twl;rpf;Fl;gl;l fpuhk FbePH
244tJ tpjpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s toq;fy; jpl;lk;
jho;j;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; goq;Fbapd  1974 - Fiwe;jgl;r Nritfs;
gFjpfs; khtl;l rig cs;s jpl;lk;
kzpg;G+upd; kiyg;gFjpfs;>  1975 - ,UgJ mk;r jpl;lk;
lhH[pypq; Nfhf;uh kiy rig cs;s  1977 - me;j;Nahjah jpl;lk;
Nkw;F tq;f khepyj;jpd; lhH[pypq;  1977 - ghiytd Nkk;ghl;lj;
khtl;lk; Nghd;wtw;iw jpl;lk;
cs;slf;fpajhFk;.
 1978 - khtl;l njhopy; ikak;
 gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; fzf;Ffis
 1978 - xUq;fpize;j fpuhkg;Gw
guhkhpf;fTk;> jzpf;if nra;aTk;

,e;jpahtpy; eilngWk; Ml;rp - kiwKf kf;fshl;rp

Page 21
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; (1980y; ,e;jpah  1997 - fq;fh fy;ahz; Nah[dh

KOtJk;)  2000 - gpujhd; ke;jphp fpuhNkhjha
 1978 - RaNtiy tha;g;Gf;fhf Nah[dh
fpuhkg;Gw ,isQHfSf;F gapw;rp  2000 - md;dG+Hzh jpl;lk;
 1980 - Njrpa fpuhkg;Gw  2001 - me;j;Nahjah md;d
Ntiytha;g;Gj; jpl;lk;. Nah[dh
 1982 - fpuhkg;gFjpfspy; ngz;fs;  2001 - kfhtPH fpuhkfy;ahz
kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; Nkk;ghl;Lj; Nah[dh
jpl;lk;  2001 - rk;G+Hzh fpuhkpd; Nuh[;fhH
 1983 - fpuhkg;Gw epykpy;yhjtH Nah[dh
-fSf;F Ntiytha;gG
; cj;juthj
jpl;lk; efHg;Gw cs;ehl;L murhq;fk;
 1983 - gbj;j Ntiyapy;yhj (Urban Local Government)
,isQHfSf;F Ra Ntiytha;g;G  ,r;nrhy; efh;g;Gw gFjpfspy;
jpl;lk; kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l
 1986 - ,e;jpu mth]; jpl;lk; gpujpepjpfspd; %yk; elj;jg;gLk;
 1986 - fpuhkg;Gw njhopy; El;gk; muir Fwpf;Fk;.
kw;Wk; kf;fspd; nray;ghl;il  ,e;j murpd; mjpfhuk; khepy
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhd fTd;rpy; murhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;gpl;l
 1989 - [tfH Nuh[;fhH Nah[dh efHg;Gw vy;iyfSf;Fl;gl;lJ.
 1992 - fpuhkf; iftpidQh;fSf;F  ,it vl;L tifg;gLk;. khefuhl;rp>
cgfuzq;fs; mspg;G jpl;lk;. ,e;j Kdprpghypl;b> Nehl;bigL > Vupah
jpl;lk; 1999 Mk; Mz;L Rth;z fkpl;b> lTd; Vupah fkpl;b>
n[ae;jp nghd;tpoh fpuhk fz;Nlhd;nkd;l; Nghh;L> lTd;\pg;>
Ntiytha;g;Gj; jpl;lj;Jld; NghHl; bu];l; kw;Wk; ];ng\y;
,izf;fg;gl;lJ. gh;g]; V[d;]p.
 1993 - Ntiy tha;g;G cj;jputhjj;  efHg;Gw cs;ehl;L muR
jpl;lk;. KiwahdJ 74tJ murpayikg;G
 1994 - KjyPl;L Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk; jpUj;jr;rl;lk; 1992d; %yk;
 1995 - xUq;fpize;j jupRepy murpayikg;gpy; NrHf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk;

Page 22
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

 kj;jpapy; 3 mikr;rfq;fs; ,ij jiyaplg;gl;L 243 PKjy; 243 ZG

ifahs;fpd;wd. 1985Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd tpjpfis nfhz;lJ.
jdp mikr;rfkhf njhlq;fg;gl;l  ,r;rl;lk; murpayikg;gpy; 12tJ
efHg;Gw Nkk;ghl;L mikr;rfk; ml;ltiziaAk; ,izj;jJ.
fz;Nlhd;nkd;l; NghHL tptfhuj;  ,J efuhl;rpfs; njhlHghd 18
-jpy; ghJfhg;G mikr;rfk;> tptfhuq;fisAk; ruj;J 243w
A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; njhlHghd ifahs;fpd;wJ.
tptfhuj;jpy; cs;Jiw mikr;rfk;.  ,r;rl;lk; efuhl;rpfis
murpayikg;Gld; ,izg;G murpayikg;gpd; rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l
(Constitutionalisation) gFjpapd; fPo; nfhzHfpd;wJ.
 ,J 74tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr;  ,r;rl;lk; midj;J khepyq;fspYk;
rl;lk; 1992 Mf Njhd;wp 1993 [Pd; gpd;tUk; 3 tifapyhd efuhl;rp
1 Kjy; mkyhf;fg;gl;lJ. -fis mikf;f top nra;fpwJ.
 74tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; 1. khw;wg;gl;l gFjpf;fhd efu
rl;lk; 1992 gQ;rhaj;J
 ,J efuhl;rpfs; vd;W

Jiwapd; ngaH khtl;;l jiythpd; gjtpapd; ngaH

tUtha; kw;Wk; khtl;l Ml;rpaH> MizaH-khtl;l nghJ epHthfj;Jiw>

ePjpj;Jiw ePjpgjp

fhty; Jiw fhty; Jiw fz;fhzpg;ghsH.

Rq;fk; Rq;fthp fz;fhzpg;ghsH.

kUj;Jtk; rptpy; rH[d; - khtl;l kUj;JtH mYtyfk;.

tdk; khtl;l td mYtyH

fy;tp gs;sp Ma;thsH - khtl;l fy;tp gjpthsH

$l;LwT $l;LwT rq;fq;fspd; Jiz gjpthsH

Ntshz;ik Ntshz;ik Jiz ,af;FeH> khtl;l Ntshz; mYtyH

rl;lk; khtl;l ePjpgjp> khtl;l nr\d;]; ePjpgjp

nghJg;gzpfs; epHthfg; nghwpahsH.

Page 23
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

2. rpwpa efHg;Gw gFjpf;fhd efuhl;rp  ruj;J 243Q efuhl;rp mikg;ig

fTd;rpy;. $Wfpd;wJ.
3. ngupa efHg;Gw gFjpf;fhd efuhl;rp  cs;shl;rpfspd; midj;J
fhHg;gNurd; cWg;gpdHfSk; efuhl;rpf;F
cl;gl;l kf;fshy; Neupilahfj;
Kf;fpaf; $Wfs;: NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpwhH.
 xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; %d;W  ,jd; nghUl;L efuhl;rp gy;NtW
tifahd efuhl;rp mikg;Gfis tl;lq;fshf (Wards)
Vw;gLj;j ,r;rl;lk; tif gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ. efuhl;rp
nra;fpwJ. mit> gpujpepjpfs; ,t;tl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj
1. efug;gQ;rhaj;J - fpuhk epiyapy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
,Ue;J efHg;Gwkhf khWk; gFjp.  efuhl;rpfspd; jiytHfisj;
2. efuhl;rp - rpwg;G efHg;Gw gFjp. NjHe;njLj;jy;> ghuhSkd;w>
3. khefuhl;rp - ngU efug;gFjp rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l
Jiw ty;YeHfs; kw;Wk;
tifg;ghl;L Kiw (Classification): FOj;jiytH MfpNahiu
 Nkw;fz;l tifghLfs; rpy efHkd;wj;jpy; ,lk;ngwr; nra;jy;
fhuzpfis mbg;gilahf Kjypatw;iw khepy muRfNs
nfhz;L gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. KbT nra;J nfhs;syhk;.1>00>000
cjhuzkhf> mjpfkhd kf;fs; njhifAs;s
Ng&h;fs; efuhl;rpfs; Mfr;
1. mg;gFjpapd; kf;fs;njhif. nray;gLfpd;wd.
2. kf;fs; neUf;fk;
3. Mz;L tUkhdk; (cs;shl;rp tl;lf;FOf;fs; (Wards Committee)
mikg;Gfs; tup %yk; ngwy;).  %d;W yl;rk; my;yJ mjw;F
4. Ntshz;ikapy; <Lglhj kf;fspd; Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; njhiffisf;
tpfpjhr;rhuk; nfhz;l efuhl;rpfspy; xd;W
5. nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; my;yJ my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l
murpd; gpw tpUg;gq;fs; tl;lq;fis cs;slf;fpa tl;lf;
efuhl;rpapd; mikg;G : FOf;fs; (Ward Committees)
mikf;fg;gLk;. khepy muR ,J

Page 24
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com
 www.kalvisolai.com

cs;shl;rp kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL

Nghf> NtW FOf;fisAk; khefuj; jpl;lf;FO (Metropoltion

mikf;fyhk;. Planning Committee)
 xU khefuj;jpd; tsHr;rpj;
khtl;l jpl;lf;FO (District Planning jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;nfd;W
Committee) khefuj; jpl;lf;FO cUthf;fg;gL
 xU khtl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l -fpd;wJ.
efuhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; gQ;rhaj;J  khepy muR ,jd; mikg;G>
-fspd; jpl;l mwpf;iffisj; cWg;gpdH kw;Wk; jiytH NjHjy;>
njhFj;J khtl;l mstpyhd gzpfs; Mfpatw;iw KbT
jpl;lkhf khepy muRf;F nra;Ak;. ,jd; %d;wpy; ,uz;L
rkHg;gpf;Fk; nghUl;L khtl;lj; gq;F cWg;gpdHfs; khefug;
jpl;lf;FO mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. gFjpf;F cl;gl;l efuhl;rpfspd;
 ,jd; mikg;G> cWg;gpdH NjHjy;> cWg;gpdHfs; kw;Wk; Cuhl;rpfspd;
gzpfs; Mfpatw;iw khepy jiytHfshy; mtHfsplkpUe;Nj
muRfNs KbT nra;Ak;. NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
 khefuj;jpd; efuhl;rp kw;Wk;
Ie;jpy; ehd;F gq;F cWg;gpdHfs; Cuhl;rpfspd; kf;fs; njhif
 khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J kw;Wk; tpfpjj;jpw;F Vw;g ,f;FOtpYk;
efuhl;rpfspd; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdHfs; ,lk; ngWtH.
cWg;gpdHfshy; mtHfsplj;jp  ,f;FOtpd; jiytH tsHr;rpj;
ypUe;Nj NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. jpl;lq;fis khepy muRf;F
 khtl;lj;jpd; fpuhk> efu kf;fs; mDg;gp itg;ghH.
njhif tpfpjj;jpw;F Vw;g ,jpYk;
cWg;gpdHfspd; tpfpjhr;rhuk;
mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
 khtl;lj; jpl;lf;FOtpd; jiytH
khtl;l tsHr;rpj; jpl;lq;fis
khepy muRf;F mDg;gp itg;ghH;.

Page 25
www.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com