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Transition of Flow through Coarse Porous Media with Network Models (In
Persian)

Conference Paper · October 2013

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3196.3203

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Seyed Mehdi Mohammadizadeh Mehdi Azhdary Moghaddam

University of Campinas University of Sistan and Baluchestan
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Arman Dahmardeh Pooyan Nikeghbali

University of Sistan and Baluchestan Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
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 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﮔﺬﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،1‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺍژﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ‪ ،2‬ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻤﺮﺩﻩ ‪ ،3‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﻗﺒﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪F3‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬ ‫‪F0‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ( ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ( ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ( ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫‪mohamadizadeh@pgs.usb.ac.ir‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ‬
‫‪35 mm‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﺮﺷﻬﺎﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎء ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 95‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺷﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ]‪1‬ﻭ ‪ .[2‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ] ‪.[3‬‬
‫ﺳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﻼﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮔﺮﺍﻑ )ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ( ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ(ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﮑﺒﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ(ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ(ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮی‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﻼﺏ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ]‪ .[4‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﻼﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[5‬ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ]‪ .[6‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ]‪8 ،7‬ﻭ ‪ [9‬ﻭﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭژﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻭﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ]‪،11 ،10‬‬
‫‪14،15 ،13 ،12‬ﻭ ‪ .[16‬ﻓﺮﺷﻬﺎﻳﻤﺮﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1914‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺁﺭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ]‪.[13‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺷﻬﺎﻳﻤﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ]‪.[17‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ]‪ .[18‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎء ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ]‪20 ،19‬ﻭ‪ .[21‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪[22]:‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ )ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ( ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻫﻴﺰﻥ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺴﻂ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ M‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‪ N ،‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ‪ P‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ M‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‪ N ،‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 1.633d‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫‪VT = 1.633MNd3‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫‪VS = 0.334MNᴫd3‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫‪e= VV/VS = (VT-VS)/VS = 0.559‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫‪0 ˂ n = e/(1+e) ˂ 1‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪ d ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ e ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ n ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻮﻛﻲ‪ VT ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ‪ VS‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﻛﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ]‪.[22‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ]‪23‬ﻭ ‪ .[ 24‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫‪R = VV/SA‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ R ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪ VV ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ‪ SA‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ VV‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪SA = VR . AVS‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬

‫‪VV = VT . n‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫‪R = VV/SA = VV/(VR . AVS) = e/AVS‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪AVS = (ᴫd )/(ᴫd /6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪( 9‬‬
‫‪R = e . d/6‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻮﻛﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪R = 0.559(d/6) = 0.093d‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪ VT ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ e ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ n ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻮﻛﻲ‪ AVS ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ‪d‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ )ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ D‬ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ ،( L‬ﺍﺯ ‪ M‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪ N‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫‪ ML‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ NL‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻞ ) ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮ ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﻄﺢ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ]‪ .[24‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬
‫‪VT = 2MN(ᴫD /4)L‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(12‬‬
‫‪ST = 2MN(ᴫD)L‬‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬
‫‪D = 0.373d‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ D‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ‪ d‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫) ‪VV = e . VS =(0.559)(MNᴫd /3) = 0.186(MNᴫd‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪(15‬‬
‫‪SA = VR . AVS‬‬ ‫)‪(16‬‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ‪ VS‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ VV‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ L‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ]‪[ 22‬‬
‫‪VV = 2MN(ᴫd /4)L‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(17‬‬
‫‪L = 2.67d‬‬ ‫)‪(18‬‬

‫ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪ 1387،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ‪ 7.5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ‪ 400‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻮپ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺗﺮﻭپ ﺑﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺴ‪‬ﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ، 1‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ – 1‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬ ‫)‪(cm‬‬
‫‪20.025‬‬ ‫‪2.7975‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9.879‬‬ ‫‪1.3801‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪3.7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ]‪.[22‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺋﻴﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺤﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺰﻱ‪-‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪n = 0.009‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪2‬ﻭ‪ ،3‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 7.5‬ﻭ ‪ 3.7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪4‬ﻭ‪ ،5‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 7.5‬ﻭ ‪ 3.7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪1‬ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 7.5‬ﻭ ‪ 3.7‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪3‬ﻭ ‪ 4‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‪،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ً ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
1392 ‫ ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ‬30

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‫ "ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺎ‬،(1387) .‫ پ‬،‫ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻲ‬.‫ ﺝ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻨﻲ‬،.‫ ﺡ‬.‫ ﺱ‬،‫ ﺍﻓﻀﻠﻲ‬.22
.56-48 ،68 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫" ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

23.Li, B., Garga, V. K., and Davies, M. H. (1998),“Relationship for non-Darcy flow in rockfill.” J. Hydraul.
Eng., ASCE, 124(2),206-212.

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 ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻲ‬
1392 ‫ ﺁﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ‬30

24.Taylor, D. W. (1948),“Fundamental of soil mechanics, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,New York.

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