Unit 1 – Chapter 4 (2/23/22)

THE CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE

Types of Challenges for the Adolescent Freud’s View of the Human Mind Defense Mechanism

TYPES OF CHALLENGES FOR THE ADOLESCENT

1. Self-esteem
2. Physical Appearance
3. Group belongingness
4. Relationship
5. Sexuality and sexual relationships
6. Academic concerns
7. Choosing the right course and career path

1. SELF ESTEEM

Self-esteem is your subjective evaluation of your own worth

• Do you sometimes feel badly about yourself? Try to reflect about what specifically causes you to feel
badly about yourself
• Can you also see yourself in an objective and balanced manner?
• Can you equally notice your strengths as well as weaknesses?

2. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

• Do you sometimes feel bad about how you look?

• Do you compare yourself to models or celebrities?

3. GROUP BELONGINGNESS

• Do you have a group of friends that you can easily relate to? Do you feel like you belong in that group?
• What do you like and dislike about your group?
• Do you sometimes feel pressured to do things you do not want to do?

4. RELATIONSHIPS

• What’s your relationship like with your parents? How do you interact?
• What is your relationship like with your friends? How is it different from your relationship with your
parents?
• What about romantic relationships?
5. SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Has the view on sexuality and sexual behavior changed in the recent years?
• Have Filipinos become less conservative, or more conservative about these matters?
• What about you?

6. ACADEMIC CONCERNS

• How have your grades been in the recent years?

• Have you set a goal for the grade you wish to attain Is this subjective? For the whole year?
• What usually motivates you to study?
• What keeps you from studying even when you know you need to do it?
• How important are grades in school for you?
• Do you think that your grades reflected what and how much you learned? If not, why not?

7. CHOOSING THE RIGHT COURSE AND CAREER PATH

• Have you decided which college you want to go to?

• How about what course to take up?
• Or what about what career path you want to take?
• What makes you excited to wake up each day?
• What would you be happy doing on a daily basis?

FREUD’S VIEW OF THE HUMAN MIND: THE MENTAL ICEBERG

DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Chapter 1: Coping with Stress in Middle and Late Adolescence (2/28/22)
Unit 2: Aspects Of Personal Development

What is stress?

Some researchers define stress as the challenging stimulus or things that happen to people, like a time
pressured exam, being in an unfamiliar place or the death of a loved one.
Meanwhile, other researchers also define stress as a person’s response to what happens to her/him

“Quarter life crisis is not an internal problem. It’s an internal reaction to external problems.”
-Aaron Atayde

A more encompassing definition of stress would be the subjective experience of distress in response to
perceived environmental problems Kring Davidson, Neale Johnson, 2007

How do you know you are under stress?

Stress is characterized by feelings of tension, frustration, worry, sadness, and withdrawal.

These feelings commonly last from a couple of hours to a few days, but for some, it may last longer and
may evolve to various forms of self-defeating thoughts and behaviors if left unchecked.

It is important to become aware whether you are under stress, accept the feelings that come with it,
and try to find healthy and productive ways where you can release or deal with stress.

What Stresses Senior High School Students?

1. Break up with a boyfriend or girlfriend and friends

2. Increased arguments with or between parents
3. The pressure of expectations from self and others
4. Change in parent’s financial status
5. Serious illness or injury of a family member
6. Pressure at school from teachers, coaches, grades etc.
7. Relationships with family and friends

Health and behavioral problems caused by unmanaged stress:

a. Internalizing Difficulties deep sadness intense fears

- arises from coping with difficulties by turning against yourself within

b. Externalizing Behaviors aggression antisocial acts

-frustrations and disappointments are acted out in aggressive behavior against other people
Questions for interactive discussion:

1. How do you know you are feeling stressed?

2. What are the common causes of your stress?
3. Is there a common theme or area?
4. What are items you have control over?
5. What items are beyond your control?
6. What do you think is the purpose of stress?
7. What ways can you manage stress?

Coping Strategies for Stress

Coping is the way people try to deal with problems, including the problem of handling the typically
negative emotions produced by stress

Three (3) Broad Dimensions of Coping:

a. Problem Focused Coping

b. Emotion Focused Coping
c. Avoidance Coping

a. Problem Focused Coping

- is dealing with the actual problems posed by a stressful situation

- being issue oriented, it is objective and geared toward fixing what is out of order

b. Emotion Focused Coping

- is more subjective as it considers the difficulties challenging the feeling states of the individual, and as
such aims to comfort and soothe the stressed person
- this coping style puts immediate importance to reducing distress and re-establishing calmness or peace

c. Avoidance Coping

- this is what happens when you would rather ignore the stressors or fantasize being in a different non
stressful circumstance either of which does not solve the issue or truly bring about true relaxation
- is a refusal to accept and deal with the stressors which unfortunately prolongs and even possibly
worsen the problem

Personal Ways of Coping with Stress

1. Tackle the problem

2. Create a stress journal or include the topic in your Personal Journal
3. Develop a “stress relief toolbox”
Chapter 2: Mental Health in Middle and Late Adolescence (3/07/22)
Unit 2: Aspects of Personal Development

Defining Mental Health…

Mental Health in childhood and adolescence is defined as “the achievement of expected developmental
milestones and the establishment of effective coping skills, secure attachments, and positive social
relationships” ( Mendez, Mihalas 2010 as cited in URBIS, 2022).

To be mentally healthy as an adolescent, one thing to look for is if they are enjoying a positive quality of
life, free of psychopathology or mental illness and are able to function well at home, school, and in their
communities.

Psychological Well Being…

Dr Seligman proposed PERMA

Positive Emotions

Engagements

Positive Relationships

Sense of Meaning

Sense of Accomplishments

Mental Health Concerns in Adolescence…

Depression

Anxiety

Conduct

Disorder

Eating Disorder (Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa)

Self-injury

Risky Sexual Behavior

Substance Abuse

Antisocial Behavior

Post-traumatic Stress
Getting Support for Mental Health…

Friends, Peers

Family Members

Teachers

Counselors

The Road to Psychological Well Being…

SOCIAL SKILLS

1. Try to understand different perspective

2. Learn to listen with empathy
3. Develop emotional intelligence
4. Learn to read facial expressions
5. Learn impulse control
6. Learn to use the “ message

PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS

1. Identify the problem

2. Brainstorm possible solutions
3. Evaluate the pros and cons of each solution
4. Choose the best option
5. Create backup plan

DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM

1. make progress toward a goal

2. learn things at school
3. make friends and get along
4. learn skills music, sports, art, cooking, tech skills
5. help give, or be kind
6. get praise for good behaviors
7. try hard at something
8. do things you’re good at and enjoy
9. feel understood and accepted
10. get a prize or a good grade they know they've earned
UNIT 3: BUILDING AND MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS
Chapter 1: Personal Relationships (4/06/22) (APR)

“I present myself to you in a form suitable to the relationship I wish to have with you.”
-LUIGI PIRANDELLO

We have to show suitable behavior to fit with the people we want to be in a relationship with

WHO LIKES WHOM?

1. Proximity

-refers to the geographical state, kung sino mas malapit

2. Mere exposure

- expose like classmates, etc kaya sa kanila tayo mas close.

3. Similarity

-similar hobbies, likes and dislikes

4. Physical Attractiveness

-kung gaano sila katangkad, based on their attractiveness

FRIENDSHIP

ATTRACTION

ROMANTIC LOVE

COMMITMENT

Friendship

"Friends are the family we choose for ourselves."

Questions for discussion:

• What qualities of a person makes you want to become friends with them?

• What qualities do you think your friends love the most about you?

• What topic of conversation would you want to have when making new friends?

• Are you happy and in peace with your circle of friends?

Attraction

- refers to something that draws two or more people together.

- anything that a person finds captivating from the opposite or same sex.
Modern science has proven that love usually starts with physical attraction.

Romantic Love

- is defined as an intense state of longing for union with another person encompassing a distinct
amalgamation of behaviors, cognitions and emotions [Diamond & Dickenson, 2012].
- is when there is strong empathy towards the loved on - and a desire for emotional and physical union. -
- is very difficult, if not impossible, to control.

Commitment

is when one promises a loved one that he/she will not look at another person the same way he does for
him/her; it means keeping that promise despite temptations along the way.

- is a word taken seriously by those who are either in the state of love, or very responsible, or both.

Commitment

Questions for discussion:

. Have you tried committing to a relationship with someone? Why or why not?
.What promises do you usually tell your partner? Which promises have you kept or broken?
.Is commitment an important thing for partners?

Love Languages

ACTS OF SERVICE

-nagvovolunteer ka sa community, naghuhugas ng pinggan, linis

GIFT GIVING

-you give gifts, chocolates, wallets, things, etc

WORDS OF AFFIRMATION

-like Ily

QUALITY TIME

-making time to your friends, loved ones

PHYSICAL TOUCH

Mas gusto mo makikipagcuddle, hawak braso, hugging, like sa pagpatong din ng legs

Top love language

Love in English only have 1 term but in Greek have 9 terms/words,

EROS – sexual desire, romantic love towards another person

Philia - soul connection

Storge – devoted love

Pragma-matured love

Ludos – playful love, free, fun lang

Mania – obsessive love

Merati – love of created endevours , love for arts, painting, music, literature, poetry

Philautia – self-love

Agape – unconditional love

Expressing One's Love

1. Be thankful.

2. Be accepting of differences between herself/himself and others.

3. Learn to communicate to other people involved in the relationship.

4. Through communication, the person can check out assumptions about others rather than decide for
the latter as to how they think and feel

5. The person should be true to herself/himself and give up living up to other's expectations.
Unit 3: Building and Maintaining Relationships
Chapter 2: LEADERSHIP (4/18/22) (APR)

LEADERSHIP

Leaders typically act as monitors and control for discipline, direction, and methods used to reach goals
by the community.

Nine Leadership Essentials:

1. A leader has followers. No followers, no leader.

2. Effective leaders listen well.

3. Great leaders combine both empathy and logic.

4. Great leaders provide clear and compelling communication.

5. Great leaders have visions.

6. They genuinely take care of their people.

Nine Leadership Essentials:

7. Great leaders provide actual modeling and provide structure and organization.

8. Great leaders are both reflective and action- oriented.

9. Great leaders are team players and help develop other great leaders.

Servant-Leadership

Robert Greenleaf originated the leadership model servant-leadership.

He concluded that its central meaning was that the great leader is first experienced as a servant to
others, and that this simple fact is central to the leader's greatness (Stone, Russel, & Patterson, 2003).

"True leadership emerges from those whose primary motivation is a deep desire to help others."
10 Traits of Servant Leadership

1. Listens well

2. Empathetic

3. Heals

4. Self-Aware

5. Persuasive

6. Conceptualizes

7. Has foresight

8. Stewardship

9. Commitment to the growth of the people

10. Builds community

"If you know your enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles."

Sun Tzu, The Art of War

GRIT

Dr. Paul G. Stoltz authored 'GRIT The New Science of what it takes to Persevere, Flourish, and Succeed'.

Here he defined GRIT as "the capacity to dig deep and do whatever it takes - even sacrifice, struggle and
suffer - to achieve your most worthy goals in the best ways."

GRIT's 4 Dimensions

TENACITY

RESILIENCE

INSTINCT

GROWTH
UNIT 3: BUILDING AND MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS
Chapter 3: FAMILY STRUCTURES AND LEGACIES (4/06/22) (APR)

DIANA BAUMRIND’S PARENTING STYLES MODEL

WAYS OF IMPROVING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

1. Communication is an important component in any relationship.

2. Learn to appreciate.

3. Sharing activities.

4. Commitment to the family.

5. Show support to each other.

6. Acceptance.

BIRTH ORDER AND FAMILY CONSTELLATIONS

1. Firstborn Children

2. Second-born Children

3. Youngest Children

4. Only Children
Unit 4: Career Development
Chapter 1: Persons and Careers (5/16/22)

THEORY OF CAREER CHOICE

There are many theories or frameworks that can help in one's journey of discovering, developing, and
achieving one's chosen career.
One of the most renowned is that of John Holland's Theory of Career Choice.

-sabi ni holland there is six personality types na makakatulong sa atin in identifying kung ano career path
na gusto natin

Theory of Career Choice

R – REALISTIC – the “doers”

-doers, mga tao na work mainly in hands. They like creating, making, using, assembling or building
things, using and operating tools and machines. They often like to work outdoors. They would prefer
working outdoors and mas hands on works.

Examples are pilot, farmer, engineer, mechanic, computer technologist, sports person/spokesperson.

I – INVESTIGATIVE – the “thinkers”

-they make use of their critical thinking or their advantage is knowledge. They like to discover and
research ideas, observe, investigate and experiment, ask questions and solve problems. Scientist,
Researcher, Medical or Health occupations, zoologist, dentists or doctors in general.

A – ARTISTIC – the creators”

-they like to use words, music, drama to communicate, perform or express themselves. They also love
creating and designing things. Examples are Artist, Photographer, Songwriter, Instrumental Player,
Actors, Fashion designers.

S – SOCIAL – the “helpers”

-they like to work with people, to teach, train a new form, help, treat, heal and cure serve and greet, .
They are more concern with the well-being and welfare of other people. They are motivated to help
other people. Examples, are teachers, clerks, guidance-councilor, police officer social worker and sales
person or call center agents.

E – ENTERPRISING - the “creators”

-rather lead people, talking and influencing people, encouraging people and working in the business.
Magaling magconvince. Examples are lawyers, salesperson, politicians, accountant, travel agency,
promoters.

C – CONVENTIONAL – the “organizers

-They like working indoors like secretary, receptionist, librarian, clerks.

Career Development is a major component of human development. Important factor in order for you to
fully develop as a human being kasi it’s gonna bring you life crisis later on if you don’t have a solid career
path na ipupursue. Be relentless in pursuin that. Dito nabubuo yung work identity natin. Kaya may
strands tayo sa K-12.

JOB VS. CAREER VS. CALLING

In a TED talk by Stefan Seigmeister, he distinguished between what a job, career, and a calling were.

JOB:

done from 9-5, typically with compensation.

-short term lang

CAREER:

system of advancements and promotions

-long term na nangyayari in a span of time or even a lifetime

CALLING:

inspires and motivates for what it is

-Example, calling mom aging doctor
Five C's / Meaning of Work Model

Edna Franco distinguished the Five C's of the Meaning of Work Model among Filipinos.

CAUSE (SACRIFICE)

-kinokinsider mo yun trabaho as a responsibility. Mabigat siya sa loob and not enjoyable pero ginagawa
mo pa rin kasi nagcocontribute naman siya to something. Trabaho na we feel like we are sacrificing.
Andun responsibility, heavyload siya and unmotivated tayo, it’s not enjoyable.

CALLING (VOCATION)

-Trabahong ginagawa because of satisfaction. Nasasatisfy kang gawin yung trabaho, nasasatisfy ka sa
non-material goal, nasasatisfy ka doon sa pagkakaroon ng sense of self. You’re doing this not because
you are expected to but because you enjoyed it and it’s fulfilling for you. High energize and highly
fulfilled kapag sa calling.

CAREER (PROFESSION)

-pineperform mo kasi beneficial siya sayo, nakakatulong sa personal development, prestige, social
network and enjoyable experience.

CHORE (JOB)

-yung trabaho ginagawa mo kasi you need to earn for a living and for other tangible outcomes like you
have to put food on the table, pay the bills or rent, etc. Mahirap siya, heavy and burdensome siya pero
ginagawa mo kasi kailangan mong aging financially secured and stable.

COAST (FILLING TIME)

-trabaho na cinoconsider mo pa ring trabho pero di mo siya nakikita as something important in you life.
Ito yun ginagawa mo just to kill time.
Ikigai is a Japanese concept, it have a book, it’s a self-help book.

In life there are things that you love doing, that the world needs, that you can be paid for, things that
you are good at. Those are the main factors.

What you LOVE + What the world NEEDS = MISSION

What the world NEEDS + What you can be PAID FOR = VOCATION
What you can be PAID FOR + What you are GOOD AT = PROFESSION
What you are GOOD AT + What you LOVE = PASSION

What you LOVE + What the world NEEDS + What you can be PAID FOR

-that’s between mission and vocation

- Excitement and complacency, but sense of uncertainty
-because it’s not something you’re good at.

What the world NEEDS + What you can be PAID FOR + What you are GOOD AT

-that’s between profession and vocation

- Comfortable but feeling emptiness
-kasi hindi mo ganun kamahal yung trabahong yun

What you can be PAID FOR + What you are GOOD AT + What you LOVE

-that’s between passion and profession

- Satisfaction, but feeling of uselessness
-because you feel like it’s what the world needs

What you are GOOD AT + What you LOVE + What the world NEEDS

-that’s between passion and mission

-Delight, and fullness, but no wealth

What you LOVE + What the world NEEDS + What you can be PAID FOR + What you are GOOD AT

-that’s ikigai
-maachieve mo yung feeling ikigai, yung purpose mo for living, yung reason na andito ka is maachieve
mo yun kapag you are doing something you love, the world needs, something you are being paid for and
what you are good at
UNIT 4: CAREER DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2: CAREER PATHWAYS (5/16/22)

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES TO CAREER CHOICES:

Duffy & Dik (2009) describe four categories of external influences and how relevant these could be when
it comes to career choice:

1. Family expectations and needs

-ito pinakastruggle, na sometimes yun yung pinipili natin na due to expectations, pressure and needs ng
family

2. Life circumstances

-may situations na naeexperience natin na nag aaffect sa kung pano tayo pumipili ng career natin

-it could either be an advantage or disadvantage, depending on what the situation or circumstances

3. Spiritual and religious factors

-meron pumipili ng profession according to their beliefs

4. Social service motivation

-motivation na gamitin mo yung trabaho na itatake mo as a medium to help to make this world a better
place.

PRACTICAL GUIDELINES IN CAREER PLANNING

Step 1: Set personal goals

goal setting is a powerful process into two ways:

-is a process of thinking about your idea of future

-in motivating yourself to turn your vision into reality
- Specific, Measurable, Available, Relevant, Timeframe

Step 2: Setting smaller goals

-smaller goals talaga para di nakakaoverwhelm, magfocus muna sa kung anong meron

Step 3: Staying on course

-this is important, pwede magpahinga but maging relentless ka on staying on that.

Step 4: Achieving goals

-if u have have smart personal goals, setting smaller goals, staying on course, maachieve mo goals mo
UNIT 4: CAREER DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 3: INSIGHTS INTO ONE'S PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (5/16/22)

Martin Seligman's PERMA

Positive Emotion

-pinkaobvious connection to happiness

-it’s good to take the good to bad, but let’s not stay with the bad

Engagement

-importante na may activities tayo, nanunurture mga bagay na meron tayo kapag nageengage tayo sa
iba’t ibang activities

Relationships

-we are social animals, we try for connection, law of intimacy, strong emotional and physical connection
with other people, we need that

Meaning

-dito natin ipapasok si ikigai, meaning of our life, we should do something na we love, we’re good at,
we’re being paid for and the world needs

Accomplishments

-yung sinasabi kanina sa goal setting, set up goals, small, naachieve, build confidence, gather
experiences so may sense of accomplishments.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
-breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion

SAFETY
-security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property

LOVE/BELONGING
-friendship, family, sexual intimacy

ESTEEM
- self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

SELF-ACTUALIZATION
-morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1. 1906 - June 8 1970)

- was a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people. In 1954,
Maslow created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and ON expressed his theories in his book. Motivation
and Personality.

Self-Actualization - A person's motivation to reach his or her full potential, As shown in Maslow's
Hierarchy of Needs, a person's basic needs must be met before self-actualization can be achieved.

Life inflicts the same setbacks and tragedies on

the optimist as on the pessimist, but the optimist
weather them better.

-Martin Seligman