INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PROJECT ON

CORPORATE LAWS AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS:

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

SUBMITTED BY
MS. VARSHA RAGHANI
2nd YEAR LL.M. (SEM IV)
ROLL NO. 22
GROUP II: BUSINESS LAW

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. SANDHYA BALAKRISHNAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

KISHINCHAND CHELLARAM LAW COLLEGE

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
2021-22
 TABLE OF CONTENT

SR.N PARTICULARS PAGE NO

O
TILE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
STATEMENT OF CANDIDATE
ABBREVATIONS
1. CHAPTER I 1-4

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Introduction to Companies Act
1.3 Historical Background
1.4 Accounting Standards
1.5 Historical Accounting Standards
1.6 Financial Statements
1.7 Meaning
1.8 Indian Accounting Standards
1.9 Statement of Cash Flow
1.10 Accounting Policies
1.11 Financial Reporting
1.12 Procedural Aspects
1.13 About Nestle Company
 1.14 Brief of Chocolates
1.15 Financial Statements of Company
2 CHAPTER II 50-51

2.1 Meaning of Research

2.2 Definition of Research
2.3 Types of Research
2.4 Source of Secondary Data
2.5 Statistic Tools
2.6 Objectives
3 CHAPTER III 52-55

3.1 Review of Literature

4 CHAPTER IV 56-77

4.1 Ratio Analysis

4.2 Balance Sheet
5. Suggestions 78
6. Conclusion 79-80
7. Bibliography 81
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled“CORPORATE LAWS AND ACCOUNTING

STANDARDS: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES” is a work of “Varsha Mukesh Raghani”
(Roll No 22) submitted to kishinchand Chellaram Law College affiliated to University of
Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of postgraduate
in “Master of Laws”.

Dr. Sandhya Balakrishnan

(Assistant Professor)
 DECLARATION

IVarsha Mukesh Raghani, student of 2nd Year LL.M. declare that this written submission
titled “CORPORATE LAWS AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES”represents my ideas in my own words and where others ideas or words have
been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that
I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not
misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I
understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the college
and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or
from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Date:

Varsha Mukesh Raghani

Roll No 22
 STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE

As required by the University Ordinance 770, I wish to state that the work embodied in this
dissertation titled “CORPORATE LAWS AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: ISSUES
AND CHALLENGES” forms my own contribution to the research work carried out under
the guidance of Dr. Sandhya Balakrishnan. This work has not been submitted for any other
degree of this or any other University. Wherever reference has been made to previous works
of others it has been clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.

Varsha Mukesh Raghani

Roll No 22
 ABBEREVATIONS
AGM: Annual General Meeting
ASB: Accounting Standard Board
CA: Chartered Accountants
CEO: Chief Executive officer
CGU: Cash Generating Unit
CIN: Corporate Identification Number
CPA: Certified Public Accountants
CPF: Central Provident Fund
CPP: Current Purchasing Power
EPS: Earning Per Share
GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IAS: Indian Accounting Standard
IASB: International Accounting Standard Board
ICAI: Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standards
Ind As: Indian Accounting Standards
KMP: Key Managerial Personnel
MCA: Ministry of Corporate Affairs
NACAS: National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards
NBFC: Non-Banking Financial Companies
NCLT: National Company Law Tribunal
NFRA: National Financial Reporting Authority
OPC: One Person Company
PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
PNB: Punjab National Bank
ROC: Registrar of Companies
SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India
SFIO: Serious Fraud Investigation officer
SMEs: Small and Medium Size Enterprise