AGEI

SM I
NFAMI
LIES:AREOLDERPEOPLEALWAYSRI
GHT?

AResear
chPaperpr
esent
edont
hecour
se

ELECTI
VE2:FAMI
LYI
SSUES

Submi
tt
edby
:

I
SLYSMI
DGED.CI
NCO

BSN3A

Januar
y2022
I
.INTRODUCTI
ON

Agei
sm i
saser
iouspr
obl
em i
ntoday
'sgener
ati
on,af
fect
ingpeopl
einbot
h
dev
elopedandpoorcount
ri
es.Agedi
scr
imi
nat
ion,ont
heot
herhand,i
sthepr
oductof
agei
sm.Consequent
ly,
humanshav
eli
vedi
ntool
dagesi
ncet
hedawnofhumanhi
stor
y,
andt
hesubj
ectofagei
nghasl
ongbeenasour
ceandsubj
ectofmi
sunder
standi
ng,
mostpr
obabl
yinaf
ami
l
yset
ti
ng.Mor
eov
er,basedont
hest
udyofLar
ssonA.
T.&
JönsonH.(
2018)
,agei
sm i
sapr
ocesst
hati
nvol
vescat
egor
izi
nganddi
scr
imi
nat
ing
agai
nstsomeonebecauset
heyar
eol
dert
hanacer
tai
nthr
eshol
d.Fr
om adef
ini
ti
onal
st
andpoi
nt,i
tis si
mil
art
oraci
sm and sexi
sm,wher
ein ol
derpeopl
etr
eatot
her
s
di
ff
erent
lybasedonassumpt
ionsandwhatt
heyt
hinki
sri
ghtf
rom t
hei
rper
spect
ive.
Thus,t
hemaj
ori
tyofagei
ngdi
scour
secont
inuest
oemphasi
zewhet
herol
derpeopl
e
al
way
shav
ethest
andt
ober
ightandbedomi
nanti
naconv
ersat
ionordeci
sionandi
fit
f
ail
stor
ecogni
zet
heenv
ironment
alandsoci
etalconst
rai
ntst
hatl
i
mitaper
son'
sabi
l
ity
,
speci
fi
cal
l
ythey
out
h,t
oful
l
ypar
ti
cipat
einav
ari
ousandser
iousmat
ter
.

Fur
ther
mor
e,t
hemeasur
est
olear
naboutandr
esi
stagei
sm hav
etendedt
o
emphasi
zeagei
ngandseni
orswher
einmayuni
ntent
ional
l
yleadt
othef
urt
herexcl
usi
on
anddi
scr
imi
nat
ionoft
hel
essandv
italsegmentoft
hey
oungerpopul
ati
on.Agei
sm i
s
si
gni
fi
cantf
ory
out
h,especi
all
ytot
her
esear
cher
,si
ncet
hisi
samaj
orconf
li
cti
ntoday
's
f
ami
l
yset
ti
ng,
whet
heri
tispol
i
ticalst
andpoi
nt,
gender
-speci
fi
c,ormor
alsi
nli
fe.Thi
sis
anoddt
wistonhowsoci
ety
'sol
derf
ami
l
ymember
stendt
obecomepr
esi
dingbecause
ofagei
sm.Ther
efor
e,t
hisst
udyi
nvest
igat
est
heposi
ti
onofol
deri
ndi
vi
dual
sshoul
dbe
orshoul
dnotbesuper
ioranddomi
nanti
neachandev
eryf
ami
l
ymat
ter
,pr
eci
sel
y,i
ts
nat
ureandconsequences.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,t
hisposthopest
orai
seawar
enessofagei
sm
andpr
ejudi
cet
owar
dsol
derpeopl
eint
hef
ami
l
yandi
ngener
al.
I
I.EXPOSI
TION

Basedont
hest
udyofMar
ques,S.etal
.(2020)
,di
ff
erentset
sofdet
ermi
nant
s
appeart
ohav
ear
olei
nthedev
elopmentofdi
ff
erentandsel
f-
dir
ect
edki
ndsofagei
sm.
St
udi
esonot
her
-di
rect
eddet
ermi
nant
shav
epr
imar
il
yconcent
rat
edont
heef
fectof
det
ermi
nant
satt
hei
ntr
aper
sonall
evelofanal
ysi
s.I
ndi
vi
dual
s'"
wor
ryaboutbecomi
ng
ol
der
"and"
fearofdy
ing"ar
ethemostsi
gni
fi
cantdet
ermi
nant
sint
hissi
tuat
ion.I
tis
possi
blet
oar
guet
hatt
hei
nfl
uenceof"
fearofdeat
h"wi
l
lbedi
ff
icul
ttomi
nimi
zef
rom a
pr
e-empt
ivest
andpoi
ntduet
otheassumpt
iont
hatt
hisdr
eadi
sdeepl
yingr
ainedand
ev
en i
nher
entt
othe human condi
ti
on.Howev
er,educat
ionalef
for
tst
o addr
ess
r
epr
esent
ati
ons ofdi
sease and mor
tal
i
tyhav
ethe pot
ent
ialt
o al
terhow moder
n
soci
eti
es per
cei
ve and compr
ehend t
he pr
ocess of gr
owi
ng ol
der
.Indi
vi
dual
psy
chol
ogi
cal char
act
eri
sti
cs and speci
fi
c per
sonal
i
ty t
rai
ts hav
e al
so been
demonst
rat
edt
ooper
atet
oat
tenuat
eagei
sm agai
nstol
derper
sonsatt
hei
ndi
vi
dual
l
evel
.Iti
sconsi
stentwi
thper
sonal
i
ty-
basedt
heor
iesofpr
ejudi
cet
hatt
hisf
indi
ngexi
sts,
andi
tunder
scor
est
heneedoft
aki
ngi
ntoaccounti
ntr
a-i
ndi
vi
dualdi
ff
erenceswhen
cr
eat
ingandi
mpl
ement
ingt
reat
ment
stopr
eventagei
sm.

Accor
dingt
oRudni
cka,E.etal
.(2020)
,cont
actwi
thol
deri
ndi
vi
dual
sappear
sto
be t
he mosti
mpor
tantf
act
orofot
her
-di
rect
ed agei
sm att
he i
nter
per
sonaland
i
nter
groupl
evel
s.Cont
actwi
thol
derpeopl
eiswi
del
ybel
i
evedt
obesuf
fi
cienti
nandof
i
tsel
ftodi
mini
shagei
sm.Howev
er,t
hequal
i
tyoft
heencount
eri
smor
eimpor
tantt
han
t
hef
requencyofcont
act
,andt
hatt
hewayol
derf
olksar
epr
esent
edi
simpor
tantaswel
l
,
wher
einmostoft
hepeopl
ear
elessl
i
kel
ytost
ereot
ypeol
deri
ndi
vi
dual
sofwhom we
hav
e a posi
ti
vei
mage.Thus,i
tis possi
blet
o hy
pot
hesi
ze t
hat encour
agi
ng
i
nter
gener
ati
onalcont
acti
naposi
ti
vecont
extcoul
dhel
ptomi
nimi
zeagei
sm.Thi
s
coul
dincl
ude,f
or exampl
e,encour
agi
ng pr
ogr
ams wher
eyounger peopl
e can
col
l
abor
atewi
thol
derpeopl
eandshar
ethei
rexper
iences.Fol
l
owi
ngt
hesamel
ogi
c,
emphasi
sshoul
dal
sobepai
dtot
hepor
tray
alofol
derpeopl
eandt
heagei
ngpr
ocessi
n
medi
a cont
ent
,wher
ethe pr
esent
ing ofmor
e posi
ti
ve pi
ctur
es ofol
derper
sons
r
epr
esent
sapossi
bler
out
eforcombat
ingagei
sm.
 Ont
heot
herhand,
accor
dingt
oStLuke'
sInnov
ati
veResour
ces&Ti
m Lane(
2018)
st
udy
,yout
har
erar
elyseenorhear
dinf
ami
l
ysuppor
tser
vices.Theypr
ovi
decompel
l
ing
ar
gument
sforwhyt
hei
rvoi
cesshoul
dbehear
daspar
toff
ami
l
yassi
stance.These
j
ust
if
icat
ionsar
econsi
stentwi
thf
ouremer
gingt
hemesi
dent
if
iedbyt
hest
udy
,wher
ein
eachchi
l
dhast
hei
runi
queknowl
edgeandi
nsi
ght
s,chi
l
drenar
epar
toft
hef
ami
l
y.
Ther
efor
e,t
heyshoul
dber
ecogni
zedandgi
venav
oice;expr
essi
ngt
hei
rneedsr
esul
ts
i
nthem andt
hei
rfami
l
iesr
ecei
vi
ngt
henecessar
yhel
pandsuppor
t,andchi
l
drengai
n
agencybyf
eel
i
ngv
aluedandl
i
stenedt
o.I
nspi
teoft
hef
actt
hatt
hechi
l
drenwer
ea
smal
lgr
oup,t
hei
rmeani
ngs and sense-
maki
ng hav
e subst
ant
iali
mpl
i
cat
ions f
or
pr
act
icesi
ncet
heyar
econsi
stentwi
tht
hegr
owi
ngbodyofl
i
ter
atur
edemonst
rat
ingt
he
v
alueofchi
l
dren'
svoi
cei
nkeepi
ngchi
l
drensaf
eandwel
l
.

Fr
om t
her
esear
cher
'spoi
ntofv
iew,el
der
lypeopl
ear
eunabl
etoadj
ustt
othe
changi
ngci
rcumst
ancesofmoder
nsoci
ety
,wher
etheyar
efor
cedt
orel
i
nqui
sht
hei
r
ear
li
erpr
est
ige,posi
ti
on,and st
atus.Moder
n soci
etyi
sfounded on t
echnol
ogi
cal
gr
owt
h,y
etol
derpeopl
ear
enotabl
etoadaptt
othenew env
ironmentcr
eat
edby
t
echnol
ogi
caladv
ancement
.Al
so,moder
n cul
tur
e embr
aces di
ver
sit
ywher
e many
bel
i
efsar
echanged,per
sonal
i
tyi
scat
egor
ized,somear
egi
venpowerandv
oices,
pr
efer
encesar
ebr
oadandbol
d,andhi
stor
yhasbeenr
esear
chedf
urt
her
.Asar
esul
t,i
n
ev
eryspher
eofsoci
ety
,youngeri
ndi
vi
dual
shav
ebeenpushedatt
heexpenseand
det
ri
mentoft
heol
dergener
ati
on.

Fr
om t
his,
iti
sknownt
hatt
hewor
ld'
spopul
ati
oni
sgr
owi
ngol
deratanal
armi
ng
r
ate.Wi
tht
hesedev
elopment
s,i
tisnecessar
ytoadj
ustper
son-
cent
eredi
ntegr
atedcar
e
t
obet
termeett
heneedsandpr
efer
encesofol
derpeopl
ewhi
l
eal
sopr
ovi
dingaccesst
o
awi
der
angeofage-
fr
iendl
yser
vicest
hatar
eti
ght
lyi
ntegr
atedwi
thf
ami
l
iesandt
he
wi
dercommuni
ty.I
tisessent
ialt
hatpubl
i
cheal
thpr
ogr
amsaddr
esst
hewi
der
angeof
heal
thandf
unct
ionalst
atesexper
iencedbyol
derpeopl
eandai
m t
oincr
easet
he
numberofper
sonswho hav
egoodagei
ngt
raj
ect
ori
es.I
nor
dert
o besuccessf
ul,
i
ntegr
ati
onmeasur
esmustt
akepl
aceatt
hemacr
o-l
evelf
rom l
egi
slat
ionandf
inance,
t
hemeso-
lev
elt
hroughcr
eat
inganage-
fr
iendl
yat
mospher
e,andt
hemi
cro-
cli
nicall
evel
.
Howev
er,onl
yaf
ewnat
ionshav
ebeenabl
etopr
ovi
dei
ntegr
atedcar
eforol
derpeopl
e
i
n a sust
ainabl
e manner
,and t
he dat
afort
he ef
fect
iveness ofi
ntegr
ated car
e
t
echni
quesi
sst
il
li
nconcl
usi
ve(
Michel
,J.
Petal
.,
2021)
.
I
II
.CONCLUSI
ON

Agei
sm i
sasi
gni
fi
canti
ssuet
hatshoul
dbet
ackl
edi
nthesamewayassex,
r
aci
sm,anddi
sabi
l
ity
-basedpr
ejudi
ce.I
ncr
easi
ngpubl
i
cawar
enessoft
hepr
obl
ems
t
hatagei
sm causescanbebenef
ici
alasi
twi
l
lbecomei
ncr
easi
ngl
ynecessar
yast
he
popul
ati
on ofol
derper
sons gr
ows and t
o dev
elop st
rat
egi
es t
oreduce agei
sm
whenev
erpossi
ble.Ev
ery
one,speci
fi
cal
l
ythe y
out
h,needs t
o modi
fyunf
avor
abl
e
at
ti
tudest
owar
dtheel
der
lybutaswel
lasknowourst
andwhent
ofi
ghtf
orourr
ight
s
andbel
i
efs.Br
eaki
ngt
hest
ereot
ypei
sof
tent
hehar
dest
,andchangi
ngt
heol
dway
sand
t
radi
ti
onshasal
ongwayt
obet
ackl
ed.Butasy
out
hwhohav
ethepr
operknowl
edge
andbr
oaderper
spect
ive,weshoul
dst
il
lappr
eci
ateandsuppor
tthem i
nov
ercomi
ng
t
hei
rissuesandr
egar
dthem asv
ital
asset
sinoursoci
ety
.

Speci
almeasur
esshoul
dbei
mpl
ement
edatal
llev
elsofsoci
ety
,incl
udi
ngt
he
f
ami
l
y,i
nst
it
uti
ons,t
hecommuni
ty,andt
hef
eder
algov
ernment
.Agei
ngf
ami
l
ymember
i
snotabur
denbutr
atherasour
ceofst
rengt
hbecauset
heyhav
eaccumul
atedaweal
th
ofi
nfor
mat
ion,wi
sdom,andt
alent
spasseddowni
nthehi
erar
chy
.Ther
esear
cher
hopest
hatt
hisst
udywi
l
lcont
ri
but
etot
heef
for
tsbyassi
sti
ngi
nident
if
yingi
mpor
tant
f
act
orst
hathav
e been empi
ri
cal
l
yand r
obust
lypr
oved t
o cont
ri
but
eto negat
ive
per
cept
ionsaboutagei
ngandol
deri
ndi
vi
dual
s.Att
hesamet
ime,mani
fest
ingt
hatt
his
wor
kwi
l
linspi
readdi
ti
onalr
esear
cht
hatwi
l
lhel
ptocl
oset
her
esear
chgapst
hatar
e
i
ntegr
atedwi
tht
her
evi
ewoft
hel
i
ter
atur
eident
if
ied.
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sm I
mpactMor
eThanJustOl
derAdul
ts?Ver
yWel
l
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nd.Ret
ri
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rom:
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l
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-i
s-agei
sm-
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ul,
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imi
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ques,S.etal(
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ermi
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chel
,J.
Petal(
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s
t
hest
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orgl
obal
l
ycompar
abl
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aonheal
t ng.El
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i
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018

StLuke’
sInnov
ati
veResour
ces&Ti
m Lane.(
2018)
.Ref
lexi
onscar
dset(
2ndedi
ti
on)
.32
l
ami
nat
ed, f
ull
-col
our car
ds, 210 x 148mm, pol
ypr
opy
lene box, 17pp
downl
oadabl
e bookl
et.I
SBN:9781920945961.Aut
hor
s:Russel
lDealwi
thKar
en
Bedf
ordDesi
gner & phot
ogr
apher
: Ti
m Lane.
ht
tps:
//i
nnov
ati
ver
esour
ces.
org/
resour
ces/
car
d- set
s/r
efl
exi
ons-
new-
edi
ti
on/
.