steel or concrete that is driven into the

ground to provide support for a

structure

SLOPE ANALYSIS

Slope formula:
S = V/H x 100 %
S = slope
V = vertical distance
H = horizontal distance

Slopes Descriptions
0% -5% generally flat suitable for all possible
developments

6%-10% gently rolling moderately buildable

11%-15% gentle to mild slopes moderately difficult

terrain

16%-20% mild to steep slope difficult terrain

21-25% above harsh, steep slope unbuildable

Slope requirements for various land uses

Land use maximum minimum optimum

Housing sites 20% 0% 2%

Playgrounds 2%-3% .05% 1%

Parking lots 3% .05% 1%

Sidewalks 10% 0% 1%

Streets 15% 1%

- 20kmph 12%

- 30kmph 10%

- 40kmph 8%
 - 50kmph 7%

- 60kmph 5%

- 70kmph 4%

Industrial sites

Factories 3%-4% 0% 2%

Contour Map
- in analyzing slope, contour map is needed

Contour Line
- set of points connected to form a line
- the points on the ground have the same elevation
- sea level is the reference at 0 elevation

Characteristics of contour

- Constant interval
- Never merge of fork
- Closes a plane forming summit or depression
- Runs parallel forming ridge
- Water runs perpendicular from one contour to another
- Water seeks the lowest level

HOW TO DETERMINE SLOPE

1. get contour map

2. determine the minimum horizontal distance that will give the desired slope
Desired slopes:
0-5%
6-10%
11-15%
16-20%
21-25%

Slope formula
S=vertical/ horizontal x100%
Where Vertical is the Interval I In this case, the map shows a constant interval of 5.00 meters
from one contour line to another contour line

In finding the horizontal distance H= I/slope

The shorter the distance, the steeper the slope

Using the formula H=I/S get the horizontal distance

H is equal to
5%--- 100 m
10% --- 50 m
15% --- 33 m
20%----- 25 m
25% -----20 m

3. measure the horizontal distance on the contour map that will give the corresponding
slope. Establish reference measurement by

3.1 get a piece of paper and make line corresponding horizontal distances of the specific
slope. Be sure to use the scale of the contour map in drawing the reference line.

3.2 run the paper, with the reference horizontal dimensions, perpendicular to the
adjacent contours
 3.3 mark the spot where the dimension fits the two adjacent contour lines with hatched
lines

SLOPE ANALYSIS

Water flow behavior

1. water seeks the lowest level
2. water runs perpendicular from one contour line to the next contour line

WATER RUN-OFF ANALYSIS

How to determine slope of a site?

1. get contour map