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Week 4 Math Mis G8
Week 4 Math Mis G8
Week 4 Math Mis G8
OF EXPONENTS
for Mathematics Grade 7
Quarter 2 / Week 5
FOREWORD
2
LESSON 1: LAWS OF EXPONENTS
OBJECTIVES:
• defines and interprets the meaning of an where n is a
positive integer.
• derives inductively the laws of exponents.
• applies the laws of exponents in simplifying or evaluating
algebraic expressions.
I. WHAT HAPPENED
Hello, there! Today we will
discuss an important
concept in mathematics,
the Laws of Exponents.
Study how it derives and
learn to apply it. Have
fun!
3
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
A. Evaluate the following.
Example: 25 = 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2
5 factors of 2
DISCUSSION:
LAWS OF EXPONENTS
1 Product of Powers
Study this example.
23 • 22 = (2 • 2 • 2) • (2 • 2)
3 factors of 2 2 factors of 2
23 means to 22 means to
write 2 as a write 2 as a
factor 3 times factor 2 times
4
Notice that the exponent of the result is the sum of the
exponents of 23 and 22.
23 • 22 = 23+2 = 25
Product of Powers: For any number x and any positive integers a and b,
xa •xb = xa+b.
To multiply two exponential expressions with the same base, add the
exponents and copy the common base.
Examples:
1. (x3)(x5) = x3+5 Since the bases are the same, add the
= x8 exponents and keep the common base
which is x.
2. (4m)(5m3) = (4 • 5)(m • m3) Apply the commutative and associative
= 20(m1+3) properties to change the order and
regroup the factors.
= 20m4
Do the multiplication of the numeral
coefficient. Add the exponents of the
common base.
When the bases are different, we cannot apply the first law. Instead, we
must find the product of each factor,
Then multiply the two products.
Therefore,
23 • 42 = 8 •16 = 128
2 Power of a Power
Consider the expression (24)2. Notice that the base 24 is
raised to a power. Using the definition of exponents, let us
simplify this expression.
5
Notice that the exponent of the result is the product of the
exponents in (24)2.
(24)2 = 2(4)(2) = 28
Power of a does
Power:
thisFor any non-zero numbers x and any integers m and n,
What process suggest?
(x ) = x
m n mn
3 Power of a Product
Observe the following illustration.
Example 2:
(-2y)3 = (-2)3 (y)3
= -8y3
6
THE ZERO EXPONENT AND THE NEGATIVE EXPONENT
Example 1:
How will you simplify ? Notice that the
expression, both the numerator and denominator are the
same this we can say that
Example 2:
How will you simplify expressions with negative exponents?
What is the simplified form of 2x-3 and (2x)-3?
a.
b.
7
4 Quotient of Powers
Repeated multiplication can also be used to simplify
fractions. See the following illustration.
= 3· 3·3
= 33
We can conclude the rule for dividing powers with the same
base, thus:
Quotient of Powers: For any non-zero numbers x and any integers m and
n,
Examples:
Simplify.
1.
Subtract the exponents when
dividing powers with the same base
2.
5 Power of a Quotient
Let us study the next property of algebraic expressions. For
any non-zero numbers x and y, and any integer n,
8
Examples:
1. Simplify:
2. Simplify:
For a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0
Product ax • ay = ________
Quotient ax ay = ________
9
EVALUATION/POST TEST:
A. Perform the indicated operations.
1. x5 • x2 11.
2. (m+n)2(m+n)
12.
3. (3y2)(-5y)(4y3)
4. m7 • n-3 • m-6 • n5
13.
5. (23)2
6. (-k5)2
7. (v2)2(w2)3 14.
8. (2a2)3(b3)2 15.
9. (h5)6
16. (x2y)0
10. (-2x4y2z)3
17. 2x0
18..
10
LESSON 2: MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS
OBJECTIVES:
• determines the steps in multiplying and dividing
polynomials.
• multiplies and divides different kinds of polynomials
correctly.
• observes the value of accuracy in multiplying and
dividing polynomials.
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
A. Matching Type.
Direction: Match the factors in column A with the products in
column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
12
DISCUSSION:
MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS
Multiplying Monomials
To multiply two monomials such as (5x2) and (-3x5), we use
the associate and commutative properties and regroup.
Remember that to multiply exponential expressions with the
same base, add the exponents and copy the common base.
Example 1:
(5x2) (-3x5) = (5)(-3)(x2•x5)
= (5)(-3)x2+5
= -15x7
Example 2:
2m4 • 5m3 • m7 = (2)(5)(m4)(m3)(m7)
= (2)(5) (m4+3+7)
= 10m14
13
6x2 – 10x + 4 Multiply 3x2 – 5x + 2 by 2
3x3 + x2 – 8x + 4 Combine like terms
DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS
Dividing Monomial
Recall the quotient rule for exponents: if x is nonzero and
m and n are positive, then
= 5x3
14
Example 2:
= -6x3 – 4x + 1
15
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST:
1. (6x2)(4x5) 6. 6m (n + 3p)
2. (x + 2)(x + 7) 7. (a + 5)(2a2 + 3a – 2)
3. (5ab)(3a2b)(2b2) 8. (4x + 3)(4x – 5)
4. (a -7)(a + 3) 9. 5x2(8 – 3x + 7x2)
5. -3a (a2 – 4a + 1) 10. (3a – 1)(a2 + a + 2)
B. Divide.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3
16
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
CLEOFE C. KINICOT
Writer
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ROLANDO B. ABRASADO
JOHN KEVIN C. INOVENO
CELSIUS L. ALCALA
BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI
ENHANCEMENT TEAM
ROLANDO B. ABRASADO
JOHN KEVIN C. INOVENO
CELSIUS L. ALCALA
17
ANSWER KEYS
LESSON 1 LESSON 2
ANSWERS KEY
Pre-test
A.
1. 8
2. -8
3. 1/9
4. -1
5. 36 or 729
B.
1. Negative since the exponent 5 is an odd
number.
2. (-2)4 is equal to 16 while -24 is equal to -16.
What I have learned.
ax+y, ax-y, axy, 1, 1/ax
Post Test
1. x7
2. (m+n)3
3. -60y6
4. mn2
5. 26 or 64
6. k10
7. v4w6
8. 8a6b6
9. h30
10. -8x12y6z3
REFERENCES
18
Gamboa, Job D. (2010). Elementary Algebra, United Eferza
Academic Publications, Co., Lipa city, Batangas.