ATFIENIAN

I]LACK FIGURE VASES

a kandbook

JOHN BOARDMAN

jB5 illustrations

/s
IT& HI
\@
THAMES AND HUDSON
 CONTENTS

l'rcfice

INTRODUCTION
IJA IT.LY ATHENIAN BLACK FIGURE t4
'lhc Pioneers; The Gorgon Painter to Sophilos;
()thcr groups

KLEITIAS, SIANA CUP PAINTERS

AND OTHERS 3r
\i.rnr cup parnrers: Kleirias: Otht"r por p.rinrer';
'Iyrrhenian amphorae
Any copy ofthis book issued by lhc publishcr rs a
prp.rbJck t. suld sublett to rhc condrrton rhar ir THE MID CENTURY AND AFTER 52
.l.,tt
"",
hu *,v ofn.de or otherwEe be lerlt,
out or otherwise circulatcd without
resolct. hircd
Lydos; The Amasis Painter; Exekias and Group E; Little
thc pubhshcr's Pnor conient rn rn) [onn o[ Masters and other cup painters; Other pot painters and
bind,ng or .o\ <, orh, r rhrr thar in ulrrch n ir Nikosthenes
publ,shrd and without a simrlar .ondnon
in.ludng these wor& be:rrg imposed nn a

subsequent purchaser. THE AGE OF RED FIGURE r03

Bilinguists I; Cup painteis; The Antimenes Painter and
O rqz+ Thamcs rnd Hudson Ltd, London
Coriected edition 199r
Leagros Group; Other pot painters; Bilinguists ll; Lekythoi
Reprinted r997
THE LATEST BLACK FIGURE r46
All Rishts llesewed. No part ofthls plrblication
rrr rl be rrproduced or rr"n'mirtcd rn anl lontt or The lekythos painters; Other lare work
by Jny nk.,n...lecrront. o, rnerhanrtrl. rn,ludirrg
photocopy, recording or:rny other infonmtion [,ANATHENAIC VASES r67
storrgc aDd retricval system, without Prior
pcnnission in wrttirg from the pDbllsher-
ODDS AND END S r78
rsBN o-5oo-2or 38-2
Six technique; Polychromc; Miniatures; Black vases;
l,riolcd rnd bound in Snrsrporc by C.S. CnPhics Achens or Atrica ?: Emigranrs.rnd Imitatorr
 sllAl'tiS. NAMhS AND FUNCTIONS r84
Arlphomc; H ycl i;ri; ()iuocho:ri ; lVine mixers and coolcrs:
Cups; l3ou,ls; Oi1 flasks; Riturl shapcs; Other shapcs

IO RELATIVE AND AtsSOLUTE CHRONOLOCY I93

PRE FAC E

IT GENERAL DECORATION 196

Conventions; lnscriptions; Florals; Anin-ra]s and Monstcrs

t2 SCENES OF REA LITY ',, rr, rlrr rri likc twcnty thousand Athcnian black ligurc vascs have bccl
Evcryday life; Fighting; Winc, womcn, boys and song;
,lr ,,\,r,,1, urrcl rnany rnorc reech thc light ofday cech ycar fionr cxclv:r-
Sport; Commerce and industry; Religiotts occasions
rr',r , ,,rr rrollcrl rnd illicit. or fronr thc shclvcs of dcalcrs and old collcctiorrs.
t rl rrl).rr,lhlc works surviving fronr altiquity only Athcns'rcd 6gurc vascs
, , ,rL,rt runrcr-()us and divcrsc in shepc and subjcct. Thc black figurc vases
r3 SCENES OF MYTH
1,r , tlrL c.rllicst major corpus ofnryrhologicel sccncs irr Clrcck art, lrd arc
The Gods; Hcrakles; Thcscr.rs and other heroes; The Trojan rlr' Lr r(\r \crics of works so p]entihrl and so closcly studiccl that rhc
Cycle; Other figures of nryth r ,L r r, ,r[lri|s lnd identity ofertists end studios can bc workcd out. Thcy havc
rlr,r, ,, r t'llinrcd xn irnporrant part in any study of(lreek art or lryth, alld
Chror-rological chart 234 rr, ,,, )\l,i.u()Lrs ir nruscnns trrd collcctiol)s of Classicrl art. Ncvcrthclcss,
Abbreviations 235 I rl, r, Llrorrs ofthc rtrajor coJlections havc ncvcr also €iivcn a contprcltcDsivc
r , ,, rrrr ol rhc history ofthc subjcct, whilc rronogrlphs ot vasc paintinlj havc
23J
Notcs and bibliographies i,
', r L,, t.rr so hrlly ilJustratcd that studcllts have not bccu otrligcd to tunr to
24?'
rr rr \ orlrcr books for picrurcs, and thcrc is llo systcn)atic accoulc of thc
List ofillustrations
,l,,,trr;rrtcrofthcsccncsplintcdo[vlscs.Thishandbooklropcstorcnrccly
lndex ofartists and groups 249 rl , ,,lroltcorniugs to givc a history ofthc art full :rnd dcrailcd cnoueir
2J I i , , tirr()issc!u a11cl stude11t, supportccl by picturcs nurllcrous cnouilll to
Index of t'nythological subjects ,1, r r,,rr\tr;rtc the quality of thc work of thc fincst altists as wcll as thc

Gencral index ,1,1,!.u.rr.c ofthc work by lcss compctcnt p:ri1ltcrs, aDd to add arl account of
1,, .Lrlrrriliury dccoration and thc figurc scctlcs, sillcc thcsc often have nlorc to
, ,,r \ ( ! t() thc rllLrscurlr visitor or studcnt than sirnplc considcrations ofstylc,
I' L ,, .rrd datc. If this hls nlcarlt that pa[ts ofthe book are more'archaeo-
l, ,,r,.rl than'art historical' I hopc this will provc to gcucral advantagc, bur it
Ir.,rtrrrcclbcsttoouritfromthisvolumr:anydetliledcorlsiderltiorloftlrc
r,, rrrr,lLrcs ofporting and paintirrg cxccpr in so fxr as thcy lffcct the history of
Ll , ,,t vlt.
lccourrt ofthe srylc's ofAtbenian bJack figure painting is based on Sir
I lre
l,'lrr Ilclzlcy's brilli:urt work in distinguishingprirlters arld gr-oups. This hc
l,r,l cxpounclccl in articles and books, :rud in his Dcuelopncnt o.l'Attir Blnrk
/ rr,rrrr' (r95 r) he givcsln lccount ofthc subjcct which is r1lore profound thul
lrrr oliirccl hctc, but lcss conlplctc, lcss fu1ly illustratcd a:rd diffcrcnt irr rr'
rrr, bcing basecl ona scrics oflccturcs. ()thcr ch:rptcrs rely in varyinq dcqrccs
,,rr thc lr-ticlcs and books of othcr scholars, llut, throughout, thc rccri to
corrsi(lcrrll .rsl)r(l\ ()l tlr( \\ork\ ilrvolvcd rhcir st,vlc, drrc, sltrtPc, strbjcct-
rrrrtcr h;rs lc,l rrre t,r t.rk. .r tltorc pcrsollel vicrv of xrrDc problcDrs- So this
attcrllpts r.rll)cr Irl()rc tlr.lrr ;t sLln)lll.lr y ofthc work ofothcrs, arlcl fi)r a stlt'-lLLr
which is too rcerlily sttrrlicd Picccllrcxl nou'lcleys, or vcr',v bricfl,v ilrld
cor)vcntioDrlly skctchccl iu thc er-t llistorics, it is pcrheps tilltcly ro plcscnt e
rrorc cictailccl synoptic vicrv. Evcu so, it rvill bc irrcorlrplctc, gcncrelislrti""'
lbound, rnd rhc l cldcr n)usr nrildly qrr:rli6' tix hitnsclf m1' Lrsc of tcrnls likc
'rrcvcr' or 'lhvnys'.
Onc ftrrthcr point on thc sllbjcct_rrrilttcr ofthis bcxrk rlrtlst bc nlrclc llcrc-
Fronr ebout ilo B(t o11 thc ltl.rjor tcchrriLltlc ofvrsc plirlting in Atheus is rccl
ligurc, lot blrck frgurc, ancl sorlc printcrs prilctiscd [rotl] tcchniclttcs. It nligllt
sccnr strxnqc to cxcludc corrsiclcr:rtiou ofthc lcd figurc vascs hcrc- (lonvc-
llicnce dictittcs thc rrlrngcrucllt, but ll is supporlcd by thc rllltcrirl, rrrrtc
rnost paintcrs wcrc rlot 'Lrililrqunl' lncl thc ltrrlhcr dcvcloprtlcrrt of bl,rr:k
figurc dcsclvcs collsidcralion on its ttwtt firr its occesional tlu.rlifi', fir rtr
indcpcudcncc, elrd fol its plcnty, thilc cven iu its iconogrrph,v, r1l is by trr.r
rucens sharctl with rc'd frgurc. I havc clottc nry bcsr to irldicllc rvhclc rccl
6gurc has its elllct aud to rcruirtcl lhc reedcl of thc inrportll:cc of thc Dcw
iclionr, but l conrpantbly dcteilccl study of its dcvelopnrcrrt nrust ilpPciu
clscu4rcrc.
Thc pictrrrcs in thc book havc bccrt alloscn k) dclrlonttretc thc ftlll
tlcvclopurcrrr of thc stylc, but rlso to illustratc thc tullcsc possiblc rerrgc of
shapcs rd fiqurc scclcs. SiDCc il sccnrcd ruost illrPortlllt lo kccp tollcthcr
works of rhc s:llDc llroup or ertist, thc PictLllcs :rccorllPrlll)' lllc sccli(Ds oll
stylc, rncl in othcr sccliorrs thc lcrdcr's paricncc will lrot, I hopc, bc strairlccl lry
hiving to rclc': back to Iclcvirlrt illusrratiolls. It hes sortlctinrcs provcd
corrvcnient to usc clrrr,r,ings ro displ:r1'thc firll sprcad ofr hgurc sccnc or
clccoratiort rvhich is hlrd to disccrn olr x poor'ly plcscrvccl stlrfircc. It rvoLlld,
of cou:sc, havc bccrr xglL'ealllc to hevc plcscntcd still nlolc piclttrcs, lttlcl
llrgcr oncs, but drcrr tltis rvoulcl hevc beerr a qltitc ditlcrcnt book, :lt I qtlitc
difii'rcrrr pricc.
Ml nlin dcbr is to SirJohn 13citzlc,v's publishccl work ; rhcu to thc writirrrj\
of rrror-e scholers lhrn I cilD lcadilv trenrc hcrc; thcn to rllo!c DlLlsctlllls,
collcct()rs lrrrd photographcls \\,ho ll]vc pclrlrittccl lllc to illLlstrille thcir vrscs
rrrrd rrsc rhcir prints. Thc rcsources ofthc Ashnrolerll Muscr.tllr Libt al l and tL r'
Ilcrzlcv rrrchivc of photogrrphs h:rvc corrsiclcrlbly lighrcnccl lrl trsk.
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION
/1,, ,l.Lrk tiqure cechnique ofvasc peintitg was iuvcnlcd in Corinrh in thc
\ , ..rr,rrrnd 7oo uc. It involvcs painting tigures in black sill-roucttc, incisrng
r I rrr, rr clctail so lhat the p:rle cley shows through thc black, and addilg, if
',; rr,,1.touchesofrcdandwhircpaint,al) applied bcforc thc vasc wts firc'd.
lr \\ r\ .r rcvolutioDery orcthod ofdccorxtion for portery. Hithcrto lror.r Agc
,,,,,,, |r;rd knorvn only thc Gcon)ctric style wirh its rngul;rr silhouettc
lr L': oi trcn rnd aniurals, r:rrely rdrnitting any dctail in outline drau ing.
r
I r'. r,,ls a style practiscd bcst in Athcns and not unknowl clscwhcrc, but rt
, ,r rrcll bc thlr the Corinthian rrtist's virtual absrcntion front Geomcrrie
t,r ri rlrerving nadc ir cesier for hirn to evolvc the new tcchniquc, probrbly
r r ,L, r thc iuflucncc ofirnpolted castcrn ivorics trd nrctel rvork with inciscd
,,rr.rtion, and with it to accept ncw 6gure convcntions and a nc-w
,r , rr,rlisiDg rcpcrtorl ofsutrjc'crs. Ir rvas Corinrhier)s, rhcrr, who developcd
rlr, tiLhnique through thc scvcnth ccntury on vascs dorninatcd by eniruel
tr r, z, s. wirh occasional ruyth sccncs, in thr' rnctictlous minilturisr sty)c ofthc
l'r,,tocorinthian scrics. Athcnirn paintcrs, rnear.rwhilc, on thc vxscs wc k11ow
i'r ()toltttic, prcfcrrcd silhouettc end outiinc drlwn figurcs, oftcl cxccutcd
,,rr .rrsc potS, sorllctinrcs :rddir-rg whitc aDd vcry rarciy incisrng dctril l t ]. But
l,r .rhoLrr 63o rc Athcnian arrists wcrc bcgiuning to rlsc thc black 6gurc
r,, lrrrirluc for ell thc figurc work on their vescs, end in thc lest dccadcs in the
,, r tLrry thcy uscd it for thc 6lling ornlmcnt as wcll. 'Arhenian Bl:rck Figure'
I r,l bcstur arrd in thc coursc ofdle following hurdrcd and fitiy ycar, ir
ll('t tivcly won thc rrrarkcrs of rirc (ircck rvorld-
l'r cscnt-dav krorvlcclrc lnd undcrstencliug oiArhcnilr vitscs is biscd oD l
rr rrplicity ofstudics clc'voted roughly to thc thrcc topics rvhich scrvc to
lr, ri1 thc rlajor scctioni in fiis book - style, decorrtiou ;rnd shapc; br.rt chc
rLrrlics hlvc not progrcssed at equel plcc. Thc vascs wcrc not bcilg coilcctcd
, r .rry nurnbcrs until thc cightccnth centrlry, uslrally from ltaly lvhcrc thc
l,r rlr tombs oftcn glve up intect specimcns- (lrcccc r,vts less:rcccssibic irnd ur
r\ rxtc thc cilcumstrlccs of burial seldont yiclded cornplctc vascs! s() lt
r , r nins truc that It:rly is thc prille sourcc. This has ucant, in thc 6rsr plrrr c,
t r.rt ir rook sollc tirllc lor thc vlscs to bc rccogniscd xs Gtcck rxdtcr thitrr
I trrrscrn, and, in thc sccoDd plecc, thlt thc nxtionili aDd privarc collcctions ol'
lirropc.rt r i( lr( r \1,rrr..\ li,r strr<ly tl"'r Crcccc itsclf cvcn \vith thc increasc rl',r rrcrlivcnrrraybctakcn6ontthlrofapottcrwhosignssoDrcol-tlrt r,,rsr's
ir st icrrtiliL .'\(.rvirtrorr ,rrrrl rccorclitrq in thc counlry over the last fifiy ye:rrs' I I r( Anrirsis I':rjntcr); frorn kulos lrnrcs (cxplrrined on p. :lor) rvhir lr ,r1,1r',rr
Fr onr thc bcqrrrrrirrq stltol rrly rrrlcl dilcttentc intcrest irl thc
vrses wes dirccted ,,r,,,rrrc(rsthcAntimencsPaintcr);l'romkcyvascs(asthc[,rintcrot-li,rlirr
rr,\(,) ; lionr thc nrmcs ofowncrs ofke), vascs (ls the ()akcshott lrrriutr.r ); or
to thc rrrl,thoiogicril .()rttcrrt ol thc figlrrc scencs Lrpo1l rhcln This intcrest
has

rcr)11irlci stx)rt; ir)cl tlrc stuciy has yicldcd irlportant ncw cvidencc abour thc lr,,rir .hiul.tcristicsofsrylc (as Elbor,r,s Out lijSl orrheLongNoscl).rirrttr').
clcvcloprrlcllt of rrryth, dct:rils llnd variations in verious storics' othclwi\' 1 ,, r r q11, ,,.1, thc srudy of srylc began with the study of pairtcr s rncl r,,,e lLr v.'

rcc,orclc'd onlv i,r rcxts u'hich rrc oftcn far iatc'r ir-r drtc, end a proving
ground 1,,, rr rplrccl any srrcJr artificirl clessification ofEerly, Middlc:rnd Lrtc, I, II,

lor theorics ,rbo.rt tl-r. dcvcloplncnt of iconogrephic rnd nerrttivc
tions in (lrcek rrt. Ii this bool, dcvotcd to thc black figurc vescs, in rcl;rtiv'
isoletion lrorl arts in olhcr lnxterilrls:urd pcriods, it hes provcd possible onlv
to sumtlarise thc lconographic convenlions pcculiir to bleck iigure lnd gir e
a guidc to thc rccognition of 6gures etrd scencs'
Thc shepc ofthc vascs rppealcd frolrl thc stxrt ro lhe Nco-Clessicist Thc
i)odern st;dcrrr is, horvcvii, trrorc concerncd with function atd rvith tl,c
study of shapc anrl proportion which cerr rcvcrl thc idcntity of individrral
pott;rs and iro.ksiropt, or cal) givc ir critcrion lor deting which is indcpen-
lc,rt of dccorltion. Thesc studies arc ncw, and b:rsicrlly ' erchacologica l
convcn- r,,l lll, such as is imposc'd on the xronynlous works ofprchistory or thc lcss
r, ll ,lrrrccd weres ofArchaic (lrcccc. Thcsc:rrc, after lll, thc works ofnrcn,
, ,l'l,,vcd meinly in onc restrictcd qllarter of thc city of Atbcns, :rrrd wc
rrr,,l, rstlud thcnr by undersrrnding thc. rciationship bctwecn thcnt, bctwccn
I ,,l lrr ;r,rd prirltcr, masrcr and pupil, as well as by studying thcm aqxinst thc
,,, rrl rrrcl political history of ficir day.
Wlro rverc thcsc rrcn, paintcrs and pottcrs? Wc lnusr staft frorn therr
, rr rtrrrcs- A pxinter who is bcrDg cxplicit signs '... cgrapscn'
. . plinted (this)'. Bur agrinst thc fcr,v nrnrcs rhus ollcrcd thcrc arc sixty
r, r .rppcar as '- . . c'poicscn' - '. . . made (this) '. The word for ' rnadc' is
rr 1r

supportcd by thc ralc potter signlturcs, to which wc shall rcturn " rl r rrscd htcr by :rrtists signing, for instancc, sculpturcs, gcnrs or mos:rics, so
+i1e study ofstylc, c'spccirlly ofthc rndividual peinrer's stylc' was slow to
,, r,rscs it lrighr refcr to the prinlcr. llut on occasion wc find u 'cpoicscn'
dcr"lop paintcrs' signaturcs wcre rcad collcctcd 13y the cnd of r,l rn'cqrrpscn'signaturc on onc vlsc, cithcr \\,ith two llillrcs (ts with
"lthoughtlrc attribution of unsigncd vtscs'nd begin to occuPy scholars' 1..1, rtirs end Ergotimos who collaboratcd on thc Frangois Vasc l46l) or with
th. 1a.i .cnt.,ry
but it rves l.ft t,, John l3cazlcy (who died, a Knight lnd (ion-rpaniotr of ,,r( ntrllc cleirning both hrnctions (rs Exekias docs twicc). Morcovcr sotne
Honour, in r970) l; facc thc whole rlngc ofsurvivitrg vlscs, :rnd to pul ordcr r rscr cerrying thc srme 'epoicsor' signaturcs (as of Nikosthenes) arc obvi-
into thc stu<11, ofthcir Paintcrs. His achicvcmcot with bhck figure, ettribLtting r'lr. p:rintcd by diffcrcrlt artists. Hcrc we arc quite clclrly dcaling rvith citbcr
to paintcrs o; lssigning to closcly dclincd groups wcll ovcr threc quartcrs of r, l)ottc[ or thc studio orvncr, lnd in nlany iistlnces it is apparent that rhe
thc rvorks knou,n to liin, is cxcccded only by his comperab]c work on
red ,,,rrrrtron irctor is pottcr work. Where Exckies docs not sign wirh thc twiLr
frgurc, end cxPrcsscd in his book of iists, Attit Bla& Figutt Vost Paitttl:' t,, rrrrrle hc writcs simply 'cPoicscn', yct it is ccrrein rhxt his hend wls on thc
,,Lnh ;rrrd only probrblc thet it was xr rhc whcel. So 'cpoicscn' ney trftcn
put,tirir.a in r956, aud slrPplclnentcd in Pdralipomua, publishcd. posrhu-
ir,.rusly ir', , 97, . ih" ptir.ipl., of artrihrr tion- bascd on thc cotl bination
of en rr(.Lrr 'pottcd', can imply 'parntcd' end rtray irlply'paintcd and pottcd'
o.,"r,rli ,pp.;,is"l of,tiyl",,,,d.o,,tposition, with cotDparative study ofdetaii' rr lrrclt rnusr olccD havc bccn true irr me y workshops. ' Owncr-pottcr' )nxy

es in thc mdcring oi,1."p"ry o; ln.Itomy, wcrc rvcll dcnlonstrated

irr his rir, n bc implicd. It has bccn suggcstcd that ' cpoicscn' usually nrclns 'owncr' :
cerly essey on r bhck 69urc:rrtist, the Antirllcncs Plritrtcr, publishcd in r9z7' rlr,.r ,"vc r,vould cxpcct dctcccrtrll, diilirelt potter work with thc srDlc owlrcr
Theic principles arc rh; ones which have guidcd the work of nrany other 'rrin.rtrrrc. NikosthcDcs' ntaDy signaturcs rnight sccrr evidence for flris, but
sch,rla..li ."ho-h"r" contributcd to this ficld ofstudy And Ilcazlcy rvas
no art rlri sisncd riases ncerly lli havc a distincti.,,e orisinality ofsirapc and wc mey
hisroricel snob. Hc dcvotcd as rnuch cerc to assigning end collccting thc work , rrislcd by his passion for idvertiscrncl)l end his devocion to thc cxport
to that ofthe lllxstcrs As a rcsult, his vicrv and ours r, r,lc nfiicb gulranteed e bcttcr strrvival ratc lor his u,ork. lt is dil1,icult to scc
ofpoor or hack ertists as
ovcr the full rarlge ofthc wlre, and this.has n-redc I t hc 'cpoicscn' narrrcs of Littlc Mastcrs rs owncrs ofseparate esttblishnlclrts
a",r'Lr" a,rnrpr"lr.rt.ivc
possiblc its nrchrtcolrlaicel usc es r yerdsrick fbr drc rclativc :rnd nb\olrrtc ,t lrcr rhan simply pottcrs. ln thc licc ofthe rare twin 'epoicsen ' si!!Dxtur-cs (rs
,,1 Archiklcs lnd Glaukyrc's
ihronology of Arch:ric Circcce. Thc historical importarrce ofthis lvork.cennot Il r di, An;rklcs lnd Nikosthcnes) u,c utusr :rssurrrc
,,,llrrbor:rtion, brrr surciy llot ll) tllc pottiDla, so lrcrc rn o\vllcr or prir)rcr llt.ry
bc trgtLci rn dctail hcrc, but \\'ill rcceivc pessing nlcntiol whcre thc principlcs
of chronolocy ltt c discttsscd. l,, involved too. Wc shall also 6ndexlDlpics whcrc wecan bereasonably strrc
Wc krrow thc llillrcs o[el]oLlt I dozcn Athcrtian black figurc paintcrs for rlr.rt pottL'rs' signrturcs rcvcal paintcrs' n:rnlcs (ts with Anrasis). BtLt rrrost
ccrt;rir, btrt llc.tzlcy hrrs sorlrc four hundrc'd artists or groups- Thc ncw nancs .rrrvivirg signeturcs seenl to be of pottcrs or owDers, and that thcy wcrc

lo
irscritrcrl lrv p,rirrtcrs rvho by choicc or llcccssitv rcm:tilrcd anol)yrnous Is 1l
I r'L.rrr nrerkct. So rhc status of sone succcssful pottcrs nli), lt;rvr, hccrr
rclicctiorr Lrporr tlrc irl)Poltxrt.c ofthc Pottcr in thc industry' an ilnporterlcc
,,,r,rl throngh weelrh. \)fc havc no rcason whatcvcr ro bclicvt. tlr.rr
'\r,lr.ric v:rsc plintcrs won estccnt as artists in rhc wxy thirt scLtll)l()r\ ()r
\\,hich wc, prcocclpicd rvith thc dccoretiorr, lnay too cesily forget
rr, lr ri.cts rnight; but wc ntay sLlspcct that sonrc ofour- vltse peirr rcr : pr.:rr r isr.rl
ln thc cJrly sixth ccntury rhc Adrc[ilrr hw-givcr Solon is said to iravc
,,rlr,r,rrrclscniorarts.Theseerc:ril subjccts to which thcre rvill lrc occlsiLrrr r,,
cnc()Lrrlgcd tlrc itrrrnigrarion ofnon-Athcnrrn cr.tftsrtren Ap'rrl fronl tome
Ciorinrhilr-inspircd pottcl work thcrc is no clcer cvidcncc fionr the vascs for '. r Ir .rl \,, oU\ \t.tdc\ tn rlte n.rU.rtiV(..
thc work of hands trailrcd clsc'whcrc, but thc story docs rcflcct oD thc
I,,r Adrcns' pottcrs' quirrtcr itsclf wc have to await stili thc cviclcrrtc ol'
, ., rr.rtior, end that cvidcDcc rrray bc scr-appy. The quertcr 1ey itr tltc ovcr-
important rolc ofnon-citizen nctics in thc practicc'ofthe lrrts in Athetr's' And
,, r .rlcl llclwcctr thc Atrerican c'xcavxlions rn thc Agora and thc Ccrflurr
we can add ro this lhe cvidcncc latcr in thc ccntury fbr thc prcscnce ofisland
, L\.rtior)s at thc Dipylon (ietc. It [ray scc]tr too exsy to roll)itr1cc. cvcr)
ald lonian sculptors working in Athcns. Wc rnry catch a littlc of rhis in thc
potter and pairrrer nanres Lydos, who signs sirrrply ts 'thc Lydien' ; Anr'rrir
| ,., rolrrrly, but we losc a lot in our rrndurst.rndrng of-ririqu rry by l( trruc lists
'lr.rpcs and aliegcd llhnities domrnrru \tLrd) F(,r rhr.sc wcrc 1,c.rrs rvhctr
,r,1
who carrics the Hclleniscd fornt ofl common but also royal Egyptian nirn)c;
'\ rr L.r' .rnd Excki:rs rnen, not tvpological ciphcrs sar at their bcDchrs ll
Sikelos, tlrc cthnic ofa nativc ofsicily; Thrtx, ofThrrce; Kolchos, Colchis'
\rlr, rrs Ir o grext distancc fronr cach othcr,:rud no doubt passcd cach othcr
To thcsc rvc r,. ay add some natles ofpottcrs xnd Pilintcrs ofearly rcd figurc
,l rlr ; u,hcn thc darrdics, poliricians, poets and soldicrs ofAthens strollcd by
Sikenos. anothcr Sicilien n:rtivc nemc; Mys, of Mysit; Skythcs, ofScythia;
13rygos, ofThrucc. lltlt, c\ccPr possibl,v for'thc Lyclilrl', rvc rre lrot bound
i , ,t rlls, rodded ovcr thc bright v:rses frcsh from thc kiln, approvcd a nrotto
to iook for ton-Athcnian or scrvilc blood in thcsc mcn, nor is thcre enything l,r lrnq ir ftshionabic beaury, surilcd at rnany an ellusion to thc lili or polirrcs
gcncrally in thcir work to indicate cxpcricncc oLltside Attice. We sh:rll see th:rt
,, rlrt dly u,hich eiudcs Lrs now, cnjoyed rhc firsr tnLly popular figur:rrivc art
,,i nl i(lLrity.
Anr:rsis plovidcs a good tcst ofthis, rud thc rcsults arc incoltclusive but at leest
st1!i!lcstivc.
T1r".",,." tto sigrlilttlrcs on AthcDitn black frgurc vascs until tlle paillter
Sophilos in thc 57os. Thcn they cornc'thick eld fast, but lhcrc is many a good
plirrtcr, to whose hand ovcr:t hundrcd vxscs can bc attributcd, who seems
ircvc. ro havc signcd- So thc si€inaturcs xrc a nlattcr of pcrsonel pridc or
choicc, rtthcr rhan dclibcratc advcrriserncllt, cxcept for the pottcr or owncr
Nikosrhencs u,ho saw thet most ofhis work was cottntcr-signcd. Thc status of
thc ertists we can barcly judgc. Thrt they should preisc the dandics ofthe day
rvith krlos n:rrncs (scc p. :ol) trcccl tncrltr llothirl!1.'fhrcc Pottcrs Nearchos,
Andokidcs lnd thc early rcd 6gurc potter/paintcr Euphronios - could alirrd
costly sculpturil dcdications on thc Acropolis at Athclls, lnd dcclarcd tht:ir
crlfi in thc dedicatory inscripriotts. This is not a period in which wc can
cliscovcr accur:rtcly the cost of dccoratcd vascs, bur fiotlr htcr cvidcncc we
mly gucss thet a fairly largc v:rsc cost I day's wagc. It is rvith thc Athcntln
blrck figurc vascs, cspcci:rliy ofrhc htcl sixlh ccnttrry, lhat wc have soilc
opportu:rity to study thc nlcthods of tradillg thctll sillcc rnany bcar incised
rirrks on thcir blscs, usually gloups oflettcrs or lllonogr;rnls, optimistically
knorvn as 'ntcrchant nlrrks'. Sillcc thcrc is olicn closc corrcspondcncc in the
mrrks oD vascs from a singlc paintcr or workshop, it sccnls that thcy werc
irrscribed vcr y soorr irficr procltrctiort etrcl so :rrc nol iikcl-v to clucidetc morc
thanloctl rctail conditioDs ill thc potrcrs' qtrertct. Horvcl'cr, thcrc was clc:uly
rnolrey in potcry a:rd we find Attic studios carcfully studying dre markct rnd
producing wlrcs to sttit it rrotably thc Tyrrhcnilln :rlrtphorac lnd imilations
na Er..rr.",, vese shapes fronr thc N ikosthcncs/ Perrphaios studio for the
t irtnrtti. dnryhotul'tont Elrasls. Orlysrors , Pro iori thld olp(. H. t,

ChaPter Two
EARLY ATHENIAN BLACK FIGURE
Athcnian vasc pairltcrs of thc mjddlc of thc sevcnth ccntllry could achicvc e
gr:rndeur of scale and conrposition which thc miniaturist black 6gurc tcch-
iiqucs of Coritth, allhough morc' controlled and precisc, could lot rnatch'
Thc' Athcnian paintcr was wcll awlrc ofthc ncw tcchniquc since, although his
own vascs nev-cr travelled furthcr than Acgine or thc lslands, thc Oorinthian
dicl, and they werc weil known in Athcns rtscli Nor did hc havc any Posilivc
abhorrencc ofincision, and he was prcparcd to usc it f616in61d611i15 6fhrir
or ar)xron)y, as on thc Odysseus and Polyphernos of thc famous Elcusis Vase
peintcdjLrsi bcforc the rtrid-ccrrrttry Il]. Latcr vlscs adnrit rrrorc rncision:rrd
.ed paitrt to thc whitc used lor incidcrrral detail, in the Corinthian
",1.1
nauncr, ;nd in rhc 63o's wc caD disccrn thc first Athenian peintcrs who usc
black 6gurc for all their 6gurc rvork.
-tlotnilant
Thc dccorativc style on Corinthian veses had bcen of animel
friczcs {zl, and ilcccptancc of thc black figurc technique in Athens secl11cd to
.".ry *it-h it ,o,r," olClorinth's obscssion with this schcnre Meny of thc early
blaci figurc vascs of Athens carry finc Iargc animals, heraldicelly posed ;rnd
cxccutef, with a comllland ofpattcrn and precision at least equal to Corinth's,
but thcre is xll incrcasing use of aninul friezes lo dccorerc nrinor v:rscs or
nrajor arcas ofJargc vasci, rhroughout thc lirsr two gencrations ofthc use of
thc ncw tcchniquc in Athcns. A f-cw plintcrs could risc abovc this rcstriction
rnd oller 6r'rely composcd narrativc iccncs, while the quality ofpotting is
rlways high. li ur"y L. again Corirrrh whosc influcncc was, rbis timc, s'lltr-
tary, introducitrg ncw shapes (colurnu creters, cups) lnd a rangc ofnlrrrtive
hgure scetcs which pc.h"ps dcpcndcd or-r Pelopolrncsian nxrmtivc arls iD
oiirc, rn"tcri"ls, rnd wbich encouragcd thc Athcnian peinters to rcalise morc
lully thc quelities ofnlonurrlcntal nrrrativc they had ncvcr rcallylost By thc
cnd of thc:phasc dcscribed in this chapter, the regimc ofthc :lnimal friczes was
coming to ln end.
The Pioneers (c. 635 to 600)
One artist illustrares within bis surviving attibutcd work thc transition fronr
the idiom oforicntalising Protoattic to full black figure- He is thc P'qlNrnn ot'
r4
Itrr rN At.+ (formcrlv knorvn :ls thc Woll:lr Puintcr). Tuo oiltrs v.rst.s .rrr'
tr,,rrr rlinclonAegina(drcvascswcnttolJctlinbutarenoulost()r(lcstro\,((l)
ir,, rr ulrlch wc lcartr rnuclr about thc finest Proroilfti(: vrsc p:ritrtint. ()rr
r, r];lthchrLrnlritcr's incltrdine orlc rranrccl hcro rrc drur,,,r ir orrtlrrri.
rr l),' ()ld llallrlcr! tlle dress is covcrcd with rcd, whitc errcl trscttcs, tlrt
1,,, . rir orrnd frll is orienteiisins with zigzags end dr)t rosctcs, :nrci cltcrc is
r,,1,, rtr thc old bleck rnd-r,r,hilc petccrn ofravs. Bur rhc lcst is blr.k tlqur(
'rill
,r
'rlr l.rvish edditions ofrcd lnd whitc. Exrnrplc's ofhis work frorr Atlrcus
lr,,r lrorv hc ebanclonc'd outlinc lor lavirg whitc ovcr bleck in rhc propcr
l,l , , liqule rnarrn cr - rs for his sphinxcs' trccs l .1], .urd whilc the fill rcrn.rrn,
r , .rrrc rhc srrbsidiary pattcr'ns are closer to thosc ofthe Lrtc Pxrtocorinthi;ru
I r, \ ()t thc 63o's. Hc wts probably at work by 63o, btrt nr)r as late as 620 sinc(
rlr,r, r. no sign ofchc influcncc ofthc fullCorinthian stylc ofblack figurc. His
lrr rr rn fiqrrrcs bclong still to the Athcnixn trrditiorl, blrr his a:rinrals, with
rl,, r rcu, rc'chniquc end nronumcntality, are rovc), and for rhcir shccr srzc
,
' I l, r r rcncc easily ch:rllcrrgc an y products of Corinth in rhcsc ycars :rlth ough
,
rlr,', issrill somc stillircss and rigidiry of outlinc, for in stance in thc tr cat L'nt
,,t lrrrq filrrhers. Thc Paintcr ofl3erJin A34 was I pionccr, aud cl:rirrs;Ltr
r,,lr)rt.uit position iD thc histoly of Athcrrial vxsc paiDting, bur it wrs his
,,, rsors rvho finally cstablished thc ncv,, idionr rn Arhcns and set thc colrrsc
r , ,,crv stylc.
llre first 'pcrsonality' in Athetien black figurc ro bc rccogniscd by
,,,, ,,1, r rr scholarship wxs thc N Frssos PAtsrln, nenrcd altcr his Arhens vasc [5 |
l,,,rinij (ioriror)s on thc bclly, Heraklcs Eghting Ncssos on thc ncck (hc
, 1( \ Nctos and Bcezlcy caltc to r-rsc thc lull Attic fornr ofthenamc, Ncttos;
L ,t' thc aonlrlclr)er Grcck form). An earlicr mastcr of rhc animal stylc wls
,1, r rllccl fronr finds in Athc:rs lud Acgina ald cellcd thc Chirnaere Peintcr
r ,, rrr r lrc subjcct hc rwicc paintcd [7]. More finds it
Athcns ald cspcci:rliy in
rl , ttic counrrysidc cclnctcry at Vri hlvc rnadc clcar that onc artist only is
A
r ,,'ivccl, and his staturc lnd importe cc can now bc propcrly judgcd.
ll, u lcr.called hirn thc Chiuacre and Ncttos Plinrcr; I leavc hinr with the
tr.t sobricluct hc acquircd the Nessos Pxintcr. His clrlicst vrscs rcscnrblc
rl,",rithe Paintcr of llcrlrn A34, wirh' Protocolinthiln' filling ornenrcnt.
ItLrt. orr the shouldcr ofhis n:rnrc vasc [5] there is a ncw black figurc trcatmcnt
,, tlrclloral chain which thc Protocorinthirn rrtist normally drew in outlin u.
, ),r lrtcr-work tllc inciscd r-oscttcs ofchc 1u1l Cotinthian black figrrrc stylc arc
,,i,rrttcd, and theu bccomc the ru1c, so wc rney bclicvc his working lifc ro
I rr thc llst quartcr ofthc scvcnth century, sccing out the transition frorn
l'r,,r()corinthi"n to thc lull Early Corir-rthian stylc.
I lis v:Lses, likc his 6gurcs, trc big: the rnassivc skyphos-crttcn [6] (r. ro rl).
1,, r). oficn wirh donrcd lid and high conical stand, which are the pridc of rhc
1
\ rr lind; a big ncck amphora-his nanrc vasc; and a ncw invcntion of thc
\rlrL rrien pottcrs'quarter, thc 'bclly anphora'with onc piccc proGie which
rj
oflirs rr tLrllLr licld lirr thc frgurcs alrhough many carly exatllples kccp a
scper.rtc rrcck p;rrrcll,l'].'lhcorrly srnall vascs hc painted wcre of anothcr new
shapc, rhc sh.rlkrw bowl krrou,u as a lckanc, rcservcd for aninral lriezcs and
witl enirrils or :r qorgorrcion in thc londo within He did not wholly e schew
outlinc drlwing, lor sotlc worttcn's faces, lions'tccth and the gorgoneia (e
convcntion which died hard) but hg dsvslops subtle ncw convcntions for
black 6gurc using doubJc or treblc incised lincs to acccntuate importxnt
fcaturcs wherc the snrillc'r Corinthian animals carried single lincs only The
doublc shouldcr linc for bcasts soon bccomes a hallmark of Attic painting, as
wcll as thc grcatcr dctail bestowed on animal fcatures and limbs Hc is
particularly good at incised surface patterns on bodics, oflocks, scales, fcathers
or circles. Hc uses little whitc, cxcept in the lincs ofdots in the Corilrthian
manner ar,d for some female flcsh, but he likcs red in broad masses, or
alternatrng with black for wing feathers, ald for male arrd somc lr-ronstcr
faccs. The 'male : red, femalc . white' conventiol'ls ofEgyptian art may
have had somc direct elrect hcre and arc the only realistic fearures on the
otherwise unrcalistically coloured black figurcs. The dcbt to Corinth in his
filiing ornarncnt has bcen indicatcd, but with it thcre arc black figure versions
ofthe d.licate p:,lmettc tendrils fromProtoattic and Island vases. Theheraldic
anirnals on his large vascs posc with dignity and arc wcll 6tted to the bcllying
bodics or domed lids which they decorate. Thcy reducc wcll in thc smallcr
friczcs and admit still the grtzing horses, rare it Corinth, br-rt familiar on
Athcnian vascs sincc Geomerric. His mythological scencs havc all thc monu-
mentality of Protoattic but he hls learned from Corinth to make his 69urcs
move with a ncw and subtlc plausibility and he can devotc major arc's of
vases to my[h, even excerpting from a stock scenc xs with the (iorgon Sistcrs
who lack their quarry on his name vasc. Hc succcssfully combines thc bcst
qualitics ofthc Athcnian tradition in vasc painting with the ncw subjccts and
tcchniques of Corinth.
Of his contc-po.".ies thc PIRAEUS ParNrtt's namc vase l9l is early, with
stilFrather prinlirivc figurcs of which only the animals display a nicc scnse of
sizc and pattcrn. Noticc thc way the lion's chcck folds ere stylised into I sr:roll
and palmctte. Othcrs, likc thc BELLERoPHoN PalN'Ltn, crowd thcir big vases
r,vith figures and fill which bccomc hard to distinguish, whilc thc LIoN
Ir,rrr'rrtn with his balding, worried lionsIIo] hrs a llair which lcaves us
regretting thet so little ofhis work survivcs. But the prodlrctiorl ofEgure-
dccorated vescs in Athcns in thcsc years was firr from brisk and, but for a
Ncssos Paintcr vase in Elruria, we know of nonc which travelled beyond
Attica or nearby Aegina. Onc Athcnian bowl ofchc 6zo's apParcntly p'inted
by ar-r itlnrigrant or visiting Corilthiau, rcrninds us of u4rat r'r':ls still thc
don-rinant vasc painting centrc ofthcse yean.
r6
llrc Gorgon Painter to Sophilos (c. 600 to 570)
llr, ,.rlll ycers of thc sixth ccntury sec a considerable chlngc irr lltc lir t rrrrls
,,i tlr, Athcrien pottcrs' quartcr- Scveral ncw vesc shapcs ald sclrcrrrcs ol'
,l,,,,r.rlion arc introduccd, end thc cxamplc set by Corinth can bc observe.l
1,,,r r r) thc dom;rancc ofanimei friczc decoration and by thc' irct rhut firr th.'
lr L rr]lrc Athcnirn vlscs bcgin to compete in the markets ofthc (lrcck worltl
,r,,1 rrt lbund lrorn chc Black Sca ro Libya, frorn Sprin to Syrir.
Ilrr (;onc()N P,rrNrEn (r. 600 to J8o) is the most proJific succcssor to rhc
ll,.\()! l)rintcr. Hc is sprring with mythological scenes and humrn fig-
L'r,.lrrl, end thcy are always rccornpanicd by aninals or animxl friczcs.
r) r('r virscs carry xnimal friczcs only, or singlc anirnals I l z- I4], but nreny arc
lrr r,rltrced in size fron those of the lxtc scvcnth ccntury. Thc style is still
1,,,, r:c rnd his lions in particulu arc distinctivc for thcir squarc muzzlcs,
r,,,,rlrl qrins, hatched forclocks, rnd thc cnd locks ofthc back nrrne, often
, r , r
, pprlg. Wings lrc cxccutcd wirh ncat rows of secondary fcf,thcrs. A fcw
1.r
,, Llrc old dot rosettes linger in the 6cld and thc old roscttc bordcrs arc not
,,rtt)lrcn, whilc a ncrv fom of floral chain is evolvcd, thc lotus squarc,
, l,l,,rrr splayiug so much nor,v (at least in friczcs), thc palnrcttcs ncatly filling
1,, rrccn, the interlace propcrly placcd, and bands of wavy lincs on thc'
His fcw huruan figures are stiffand mannered but his nalr1e vasc olfi'rs
tl, , rr t rs.
,,r,r lrr* [rr]i friczc with figures lrrl e 6ght and thc Gorgons pursuing thc
l', r
', rrs rvhom thc Ncssos Painter omitted from his name vasc. The big dinos
i,,,rl. ,,vhich is on l scplratc starrd, clrrics rirc lriczcs of:rninrals :rld fivc
,t llonls alonc bcsidcs thc figurc fricze. Other new shapes wortir noting are
r, l)cirnira shapc' lekythoi with iong ovoid bodics, oftcn dccoratcd by
l, rrrtcrsofthc()orgonPaintcr'sworkshop[15,r6],whosestyleislooserthan
r r( | orxstcr's but whose imaginativc conlPositi()n ofEgurc sccncs irnprovcs
,, r llre Clorgon Paintcr's rathcr sobcr rcpertory. The rnaster paints an early
r, .ion ofthc lckythos, rvith a sphcrical body Ii1], which, for this fcaturc
,,,, 1, rccllls the Corirrthian aryb:rllos flesk; oinochoai with various shapcs of
11, (tspccially thc oJpai lr3l), also uruch favourcd by con tcnrporaries; to-
, rlrlr with platcs, kothons ald miniature amphorae (amphoriskoi), rrore
, , rr lv dcrivcd frorn Corinth. Although an artist ofdistinction thc Corgon
l' Lr rtcr ciur be sccn to hevc submittcd rxthcr nlorc to thc rcgimcn of Corin-
r nrr srylcs, lnd thc dominancc ofanirnal lriczcs bodcd ill for Athcnian bllck
lr..rrrc. A scnior contcmpor:rry ofhis, far less prolific, simpler but nrore fluer1t,
\\ L\ thc CERAMETcus PATNTER. Thc importancc ofthc animal friczc stylc was
Lr,ll dcrnonstratcd on his olpc whcrc even the smlll vase is divided rnto
, , ,lrstcrs, alrd the silrgle nyth figure in the upper frieze is flanked by lions
I r 7l.
In thc semc circlc was born thc scrics ofHonsr-ucao Aulnrtrat, ofthc
', r, 'bclly'shape, with a horse's head and neck on each side Ir 8], and onc,
, r,,prionally, with an outlinc-drlwn wornan's hcad drawn on onc sidc.
t7
Witlrorrt tlrc v1r.rr'.rtc rr,.ck lr-iczc ofcarly belly aotphorae thesc carry thcir
dcc()r:r(i(r) irr lct t;r rrqrrl.r r p;rrrcls, with the rest ofthc vrsc black, which is to bc
tllc c()l),lorrcst s.hcrrc li)r this shepc. Scvr'rlrl diffcrcnt artists, including bed
ol1cs, pair)tcd rlrc llorsc-hc;rcl vrscs (ovcr a hundrcd arc kl)own), whose
dccoretion nlLlst hrvc llid sorrrc spccial signific:rncc, nrore probably as prizcs
than funcr:rry sincc scvcrll wcrc cxported. Onc was found with the Ncssos
Plintcr's name vasc, but thcrc is no clcer cvidence that any were evcr uscd as
gravc nrarkcrs- Bcazlcv rhoLrght thc scries Decd not oLrdest thc rlid-ccntury:
possibly it is evcn briclcr siucc thc stylc barely dcvclops and it is tcmpting to
rcgard thc Panathenaics (Chaptcr Sevelr) as in solnc respcct lhcir successors.
Thc artists of the KouasT GRoup (r. 58J to J7o) follow the Gorgon
Paintcr. Therc arc two leaders, callcd by Beazley thc KX and KY Plinters.
Thcy dccoratc new shapcs for Athens, end srnaller vascs arc preferred, bcsidc
thc lckanai ard kothons. From Corinth lheir Pottcrs copied thc Kornast
cups Izr, zz], and thc deeper cup known as a kotylc (bur in this pcriod usr.raily
callcd a skyphos by archecologists), whilc thc KY Paintcr, rhc Icsser artist alrd
thc younller man, introduccs thc colurnD cratcr which becomcs the mosl
popular shrpe of mixing vessel for winc and watcr. Ycr anothcr typc ofcup
with vcrtical handles (rhc kantharos) also becornes popu)ar. This is an oldcr
Atric shape not uscd in Clorinth. But from Corinth conc the komasts the
jolly, botcom-slapping danccrs with their sunburnt faces and chcsts, naked or
in rcd tunics, and somctiInes joined by wotnen lzt-zj). They appcarcd on
many Corinthian vascs, bur not so oftcn on cuPs as they do in Athers. Mort
are oD thc KY Peinter's cups, or thc work oflesscr artists iIr thc Clroup, but
the KX Painter oll-crs sonrc on shapes othcr than cuPs, espccially skyphoi. Hc
has also a fcw myth scenes lzol, and the animals, which arc sccn on the
majority ofhis viscs, arc ncat, stout versions ofthc Corgon PaiDtcr's bexsts,
thc lions beirrg particulerly distinctivc with their big car locks I l9l. His florals
resemble the carJicr type, slimrning dightly. Thc cups with kontasts arc our
frrst Athcuian class which erc at al1 comparablc with thc repctitivc production
ofnrany (iorinthian workshops, and thcy rrc well distributcd in the Grcck
world.
Sr*nrlos (r. 580 to J7o), thc last of this gencratiorl, is also thc first 'real '
nin1c. Hc si!1)s four vascs, three as paintcr, onc as Potrer, and is gcncrally freer
witlr nlscriptions th:rn his spelling would sccm tojustify. Thcrc arc nlorc largc
vrscs 6-om his bench, notably dirroi aDd amPhorlc. His style is embitiotrs,
livclt, btrt rarely prccise [24-28]. Most of his vases carry animal friczc' of
rlcgcrcratc tvpc, and in his flortls too wc dctcct still the idiom ofthe Corgon
l)uirrrcr, much debased. Hc is nrore occupicd by rrryth than his prcdcccssors,
.rrrtl hc shows somc spirit ofinvcntion, as in his treatntcnt ofa chariot race
,,r,irh r livcly crowd ltnd a furnbli:rg attempt to labcl thc wholc picturc 'drc
(irrrrrcs Ior Patroklos'Iz6l. But thc sccr)cs arc accomplnied by thc normal,
l)oor xrlinlrl lriczcs, tud thc schenrc ofdecoration is virttLally thc semc ls that
rll
Ilre (lorgon Painter. Wc havc'sccn outlinc faces in Athcnirrr bllck ligLrrc
,,1
trirc, but Corinth may be rcsponsiblc for Sophilos' cornmor usc of-ourlirrr.
1,,
,lr ,rring for flcsh parts of woorcn and for somc drapery, urrrsrr;rlly irr lc,l
trll, rl u,ith whitc [2J]. He was, howevcr, awxrc of bctre r thiDlls irr tllc pr )ll( I s'
,lLr rt.randontwodinoi(oncrccentlyacquiredbythetsritishMrrscrrrrrl.r.ll
Lrrrothcr known from fragnents found on thc Acropolis l;5l) lrc givcs lr is
,r,,
r , r sr, ro of the Wcdding of Pclcus and Thctis, which is to appc;rr tr irs l)csl ;u r(l
rrr tlrr'ncw ma[ncr on the ncar contemporary Franqois Vasc [4d.51. l]or.tlrr.
lLr,,r t irrc wc see a long tnrdtifigure frieze on a large vasc dcvotcd to .r sin{lc
rrr r;, rr thcmc, and not an cpisodic rnixturc of myth, man and animli, lrs on I hc
t .,,rrtrrrr Painter's narre vasc. From Sophilos'hand chcrc is also a chalicc
1.,:,91,
s lrL, h is I rare shapc; and the first ofour funerary piaquc scries, with strrr-lics
,,1 rrrrrrrning womcn. A follower ofhis (Beazley bclicvcd, Sophilos hirnsclt)
,l,,,,r.rtcd our first lcbes gamikos (a ruarriage vesc) with its usual decoratiou
,, r rvcclding proccssion, in this casc, and uuiqucly, with chariots bcarrrrg
ll,l, rr.rud Mencl:ros and the bride's brothcrs.
Olher groups
I lr(' Virri ccmetery was a rich source for thc work of thc'Nessos Peintcr, but
r,,,t ol drosc artists just discussed. Thcrc are:r few othcrs, however, whosc
,' ,,r I is known only in the Attic countryside, and who may trot have bcen
,',, L rng in Athcns itself. Thosc supplying Vari m:rinly decoratc lckanai with
, ,,rrr.rl friczes. I mcntion only the PaNrnnt ParNrrn [29] who likcd cablc
lr , zcs (as did the Ncssos Pai:rtcr on occasion) and thc ANacvnus (: Vari)
l'rrx rrn {3o] who decorates othcr shlpes. Eieusis was being supplied by a
rr,lcr end old-fashioncd artist (thc P.rll,rLtn or ELEUSTS 767) for whom
1, ,,vinciaf is quite thc right word. Anrong his works are tall nccked
,ri|hor:rc[Jr], which sccm a ritual shapc. The animals and sircns of thc
l'\rN r riR ol. tue DrrsorN LnxaNrs [32] look likc comic versions ofthe KX
| 'r rr tcr'' s figurcs. Scveral ofhis vascs are in a palcr clay than the usual Attic but
rr,,st ofhis work is fronr Athens itscli Howcvcr, he emigratcd to Boeoti:r
rr lrlll lris painting style coarscns a litde and is practised on differeirt shapes
1 L IIorse-bird Group').
Arrothcr artist of sonrc individualicy but no ment is thc Poros Parur.rn
1, i/\ to J6J) a rnass produccr of animal friczc vases in a dcgcncrate stylc,
r, rrred fbr the cross hatched' polos' crowns, worn by his women, sircns and
1, rrrrrcs [33]. Wcll over two hundrcd of his works are known and they wcrc
\\, I distributed to less discrinritating buycrs itr thc Grcck world, although
I r l( to the \)(/cst. Hc is fond oflckanai and platcs, but decoratcd all currcrt
,.r1,r's lnd lavours miniatures.
Ap:rrt from works ofapparcntly non-metropolitan artists, which wc hevc
,,,tr.( d at Vari ]nd Eleusis, thc vases ofthe Corgon Paintcr and his followcrs
t9
 \{J()n r\ Ir .r slr.rrI ol tlrL' l)() cr v rr.ldc ir1 the Cireck world, mainly in corul..-tr-
tiorr rvitlr ( lor irr tlr i.u r rv,r rcs. N:r ucr-rtis in Egypt, Rhodcs rrld ccntr al ILrlv are
Lhc c.rrliest irrrport.rrrt rrr.rrkcrs, Lrut thc Konxst Croup is rcprcscntcd cvcrr il
(iorirrth;rrrtl irr tlrc Sp:rrtun colony:rt Tarentum, while Sophilos' vascs
rclchctl thc lll:rck Sc.r rurtl Svliu, uncl the Poios Paintcr is richly rcprcscrtcd in
colonirl (lyrcnuic:r (l-ibvu). Arhcnian stylcs begin to influence othcr schools
too, and thcrc urc irritrtions ofthe C;orgon and KX Paintcrs in Bocotia, as
wcll es thc i-ruigri pailltcr wc havcjust noticcd. Thc Acheniarl pottcrs' quartcr
is bcginning to cxpolt successFrrlly, and, once the animal friczc idiorl r:
shakcn old it will both crowd markcts and influence styles far and widc in
Greece rnd her colonies.

-.:" +'
,

' t ntrord ry /r1AI.J!.J Pdintu ( dnt rd\.). 5-1: N{k. Hodll.r./i(rh N.soJ.
/i ,/f 1]i. Cot(ori

Ctdtu na d by th( ]\i t.r af tstlin Ala ( dnt rd!()

\^/ )/./,, .r.x,, t) tlr 1 ,,",.tR.tl ,.4!4.Sll''ttt
 9 N..Lr thMt(brlt)[) tht t\1,,r

1a 1:td.{ 1tt hy tht l.rrt l\tnttt

6 Skytln!.rot.r hy th( N!$o\ Painru

H. t io. 6. t : tl/hob tu\(. 6. ,: Bad),.
H(rakL(s.lt.t \ 1+o,tttt I kt\

7 Skyphos hy th( N$a! Pai

cntd ka.
Btlbtu\nnn d th! Chn"duo

1t Ditlo\ dtl ttdnd ty thc CarcaD Paiu

(raw n\,). H.93. t ) r : Wlnh tu!.
1 t-,: Shotld.r. '1 tu Cory. \ n l t11\ \

8 B.llt d,tphoft lty th. N$\ot I'ai tu-

Lia s d l lrik \. H. 79
 -6
{q
1] Oly I'y th( Corlo Pni'tu. H. 26-l
,a Sph.ri.tl l.kyho\ by tlL( ()t!o Paiottt. tt. t7
t 5 D(ia itu hkythot i't LItt na t ol tlt( Cotla Pntt(t. A luyl
ond c 'ithnn\r dtt

ti l)cidnna ltlytha\ h th(

nnhku ol ttu Corran Pdhltt

1 6., : Shaultu. Htrakb.fi.t:ttrt

1, Btll)' n ryln t 1',t, tlr ( )rtton l),tittLl

 !

t7 OII bt tlk .itn 'tL1A PoitlLt . rinni.\

)il IIo&-ltkrl. tl)hokr- 11. tt

t9 I.(kn( Ltl tllt KX l\1ttnt

t I.(kntu ly lt Kx Pdi t.t. Athilk' RIit.' tnrt

I (:rp itl tl1( ltu tt alth. IiX l1,irtur'. Ko,idJrJ

'! Ka un Ctury dtt- Ko tu1\l d\d \r on

'I Slt,tn,)r rl /r. KY ldi,,,rr. K,,,dr/j

 ,6 Frar t t ol ditu\ Jiln l hy
.So/rIilor Cd,,$ olldrr.lloJ

,4 Di,\\ a ti ndkl \i\ti hy ,7 Ncek nnph.tu hy Saphilo!. H.59

SophiL\. |ttartidXc ol t\'lus an,1
,6 Chdltu I'y Sothilos. H. t:
zs-t.z l:nt.Ctutfu olli'tos si.Cn hl, ,9 Ltlnft by ltu l)n nu Pni td.
SophilLJ\. )Ittrit.r( ol P.h \ n,tl w- :g :
 I

Chapter Three

l\lllTlAS. SIANA CU P PAINTERS AN D OTH ERS

lr r,rur this poiut on irr rhc nirrntivc thlt rhc nrrjol prcocctrperion of thc
r, t lt1lt,, l,) th ) \)rt lr tit
I' p.riutcrs iu Athcns is sccn to bc thc por-truvul of nr r.tholoqicr I or othcr
I I \ccues. Anirrr:rl fi-iezcs rrc disr:risscd ro subordinrtc positions,:rncl vcrt
r ,i rhr pililrrcrs to bc ruct in lrtcl chlptcr s (l,yclos rud sr>mc cup p:rirrrcrs),
, ,rrP.rrcLl srill ro clcvotc thoulahr elld cirrc to ilrlirlirl dccor-rrcd virscs. Thc
Lrorl oithc rnirllxl fi-iczc srvlc is clcclrrcd tirr us bl Klciti:rs'ulrstcr-piu.c,
r I r.rrgois Vrsc l46l, lrncl sirrccithassrrtvivccl nc.rrlv intuct, ithrscorrrr tobc
, L ,[',:1 ,rs .i s]gniflcirnt ltronLrlrcrlt of Atharliiln vitsc pirjllting, ils inlfucntiill
t Ll.rv rs it is insrructivc now. 'WL' e\irglJclrte rhc inrpoltencc of rvhet
r Llcs nou,bcclrusc rvc hxvc (). ]'hc Fr-rngois Vesc in t'icr dcrllonstr'rrcs lhc
r rriiorn, tirlll.ecccptcd, encl irs dcbr is nvofbld to thc dinos pirirrlcrs, fi,.)nr
()orgon Priurcl to Sophilos, \\,ho dcvclopcd thc trrcliriou ()f u nr.Ljr'r
it NLtk r )itoht l,) tlt t\1i tt1 t'l
Lri ilic'ze cnci:cliuq r vilsc;but pcrhrps no less to rhc cLrp p:rirrrcrs rvho
ll.ltt\i\ 7tj7tnn t rn\ )
r rcd throrrqh thc rcvolution st:rrtccl bv drc p:ril)tcrs of I(onl:1st crLps, \in.c it

, (llc\'who rcgr.rler'1y lcpllccci eninrels rvith figurcs, end sonlctinrc\ rLldcLl

r rlr. Thc tlic'zcs of thc Frilr)(,ois Vesc rcscnrblc nrorc closclv ir sclic rncl
rpositior thc i-iczcs on cLrps thrn thc,v rlo thc biggcr teblc.rrrx or thc
t, rs of (lorirrth or Athcr)s, end thc othcr u,orks of its .rrtistr xlc rlilinl\,
J. Ntrk d ryh'r L) tli l\rn ( t)l rrirnrrist. So thc cup pxintcr\,:lcscrvc sorrrc pliclc ofirlecc, lcss ti;r thcir
, rLitrthlr lor thc lhct rllilt ir thi\ pcriocl corrirluit\.xnd chiinqc ir AthcDi.rn
\c p.llrrting cun bcst bc stuclic(l irr thcir !\ oIL.

lliana cup painters (c. 575 to 555)

r( sc.llrclrcc ofdcaor'.ltcLl Atllcriir) I)leck igurc ctlIs cuDnot bc Ll .lcrst()()Ll
L Lthout rcii'rcncc to thc pllin vcrsions, rvhich arc bllck irr erd orrt brrt lor.L
.rir iip r,r,ith ;r blrck stripcjust bclorv rhc iip errri r r-cscrvcd
errcl hrurclic zorc,
ripc lorvcr on thc boclr'. Thcl rrc frnc vlscs, lhcy $.crc fr_ccl,v cxpor-tcLl, iurLl
rc scrics bcg.rrr rvitlr pllrin vcrsiors ofthc Clorirrthilrrisirrg I{orrrlst cuPs -rt,
',1. llLrt thc pllin'bl.icL glizcd' clLps (rs thcv:rrc oficrr still rrriscellcrl) rrc
, )n rrt)on to rrlu),otltcr CJrcck rvercs i:rclLrciirrg C)orirrth err,-1 EesL (lrcccc. Tlr.'
11 t tiyo,l k'rhot lry tlt l\,lL,s \Lhcnien cer bc sccr) flrst to clcpcrlcl Lll)on Ciolirch, thcrr upor Eest Clrcccc lirt

.lr
 I
I L, \, r r lir rt r lrl,., rrl lr( I llril thc I(orrritst cLtps and rvith Srorrps of ( ,, ntlrixn brrt lrvs his \\rhitc ovcr bl;rck irr rhc Attic rrr'rrrrcr s'1r,rr rlr,
i , ,, , ,lrr, 1r,,,,1,,. n11 11', Ilrr lisltr.-d(\()r.rlcd I clsioDs ofthcsc:rrc lr.hlt r,,r rrrrhian dr:rrl,s his ledics' fl esh in ourlirrc. His myrh sccncs, lr()lr', vl r,,,\\,
'\, , rl ),.Lr.r L s i r r ..n)ct(ry irr l(hodcs). ()lc or trvo ofrhc r)cw
' rr r
I
( .r I r ,

rr ,l,,,,r,rr.rl hy tlr,. l:rrcst of thc.utisrs in the Konrest Ciroup, lnd

'lr. 1,r rrr
tlrr rr' rs orc ,lrlist \\ll() aollhincs dtc ri..vclopccl Konrasl cLryr sl)tpe \.\,ith
tltrrrcrtr ol tlrc li,r:t (lrcck .Lrp! (fi11c lincs p.rintccl uithin tltc hollor,r'loot).
Ili\ ilqLrlc \tvlc, howc\,cr, looks to thc Si:ur:r cup serics irrcl, ir tirc ncr,v
rrlitnllcr, hc dccoriites the lntcriors ofhis cups, sotnctirl]cs lcaviug rhc outsidc
p1rin. Tlris is thc PatNtlll or ATHLINs J t -:1, :rrrd on his nrrnc vesc l-r4l wc scc thc
rclirlcnlerrt of thc old Konrlst cup shrpc with thc figurc dccorecccl tondo
wirhin rvhich nlct hithctro in Athcns only in lckenai. Thc bor<lc:.of
has bccrl
finc hoops is probably borrorvcd fi.onr the plairr cups. O f lris :ur i11r:rls, tllc lions
look likc e cross bctwcctl Corirthiun rnd rhc KX l)lrntcr. r.,'hilc thc handlc
palnlcrtes look lot u,urd to sontc. Si:rnes end thc Littlc Mastcr crrps. (Clups of
this cless arc'somcritlcs clllcci ST cups.)
Siaul cups erc clccorutcd in orrc. oftu,o urys: 'dotrblc dcckcr'{.;s,40, 1_.]
oltcn u'ith I flor:rl <)rl thc lip un i\,\'()r hrrrcl $,rcalh ls otr nrlnv East (lrcck
cups, or rlrcly luriruals, arrcl rvirh figurcs itr the hendlc z(r1L', s()lrlctlln(.s
betrvccn herdlc p:ilmctcs; or'overhp'lS6, , +.1 5l r,,,.ith rhc figures ovcr-
hppirg )ip rnd h:rndlc zonc, iftholrsh still split by rhc incvitabic bleck line
rLlrrn;rgjrrsr bclo\\' thc lip. Thc 1o,,l,cr botr.l rtrly h:rvc a reser.r,cd stripc fillccl
r,ith thiu lincs lrrrorLlcr East (ircck rrlit or dccorrtivc bands of tongues,
ravs or llorills, rvhich rra., somcrimcs bc piurnp buds alcl llolvcrs r:rthcr thll
lotus ancl prlucftc. Up to thrcc qrurtcls ofrhc intcrior is occupicd b,v a roDdo
cxrrvirlgitnilllrlorfirrurcdc'coratio ,usuallvbordcrcclbrtongucs[7t-:,45].
Tlris is thc u,rl rhrt C)oriDthi:rrr clrps hacl bccn dccomtcd bUr thc C P;rirtcr
:rdds dots ancl othcr pitttcrned hoops to llil urorc of rhc inrcrior. Thc Lnrdct
hrot is finclv roolcd erd sornctiurcs stripccl- These lrc hlnclsonlc vcsscls wllich
onlv slowiv llrovc ilwilv honr thcir Corinthilrr nrodcls by hciqhccrrirrq loot
ancl lip, rnd dccpcninq thc ligurc-dccor-rtcd li iczc.
Thc scnior Siana cLrp rrtisl is rhc (l Parxllrr [-rJ,-rEl ((] t'itr 'Crtrinthilnis-
ing'). Hc still decorrtcs sonrc oltl Konrest ()roup shlpcs lckauai, tripod
kothons [3d], skr.phoi, but his lckvthoi xrc shoLrldcrcd not rhc olcl ovxl
'Dcienira'shlpe elrhough ritis is srill bcirg printccl, and lrc llso dccorrLcs
exanplcs of thc 6rsr Arhcriun cup rvithorrr lu ofliscr lip thc 'Mcrr1,-
tlrouqht', nclrlv hcnrisphcrical, r,r.ith knobbcd u-ishborrc hlndlcs errr.l scncr
ally e rall foor [ 77] This shrpc ur:rv c:lrrv pitirs ofrhirr r-ed iincs orr drc fbor rnd
u,irhin strch us wc scc on East (;rcck cups ancl on othcr Atheni:ur bleck vuscs,
.nd it scclns r retincd irritation ofa rustic wooden goblct- Thcrc rrc vcrr fiw
c\xrr)plcs srrrviv;rg, but the Peilrtcr ofAthcl]s 53 j clccorrrcd I lootlcss vcrsrUll
encl hc (or Erqotirnos, sec bclo*,) nrieht ltxve invcntcd it. I hc C l);rintcr rrkcs
nrost of his subjcct-nlattcr iiortr (loriuch clucllirrq .,verriors, Lorscnrcr,
syrrrPosia, end hc hlrs llot iorgottcD dtc Kotl]ists; hc uscs colour likc e
.Jl
r ( or nothing to Corinth lnd hc dcvclops thern wcll botlr ir lorrlg lr rcri s,
" r,ir crll to nlir1d thc Gorgor P:rintel or th. fir-srrbtlcr
l<lciti;r\, rn(l rr
t,,l..rsonthcbroadfirotofltripodkothonu'hcrchcoflcrsirlu(lqrnr(l]li)l
t' r s llJl- His 6gLtrcs rrc ncrt, Lrill hceclcd, xrld $'ith l ccrr.rirr torrrl,.rrt
.,,Lrr- fhc enirrral hcacl shiclcl blezotrs arc particullrl) disti,rctivc l.iZl. N, ,
'
",rlsprob:rblythccndofhisciuccrhisstudioisproviclingcupsvcr,vlikctlrt ()r)c
I rLlr Master lip cups ir sh:rpc but dccorrtcd irr thc Sirna manlrcr'- Olr
. L rplc out irr_tist lcts ser)r's joiD thc Gorgotl chilse xfter :t Pcrsctts whcr
, rics r,,,hrt nlust bc ir llililltllriscd Mcdns;1 hcld rrr his hrncl bag. l hcrt rr .r
, r spirir hcrc u,hich :rrtists likc the Anttsis Prirrtcr r,r,ill e\prcss nrorc
,II tivcly in thc ttrid ccrrrurr.
(
llrc HLI)Lil tlrl(i PArNrr,R ljg-+r] is e fir nrorc sopliisticatcd ertist, rnorc
,rl,itious rlun thc C Pliltcr, u.ith his rnorc clctailcrl Egrrrcs occrrpyinq a
,, pcr triczc- on tirc cup- llut his rerrgc is slighter arrcl hc is ruorc complcrclv
,1,,lirurcd ro cup peinting and oftcn lcss crrcFtrl. I Ic too dcrivcs his srlle fronr
, lercst ofdrc Kornest (iroup, bnt hc rvorks l:ltcr in e llllnncr rlot rclclill
, .tirrguishrblc fronl that of thc- Amasis Paintcr il his dullcr cerlv drys (scc
, ';) : notc thc bolcl ti'rturcs, bigl cvcs, clrlborrtc drxpcrY pltltcrns rrld lril)racs.
( )frhc orhcr plintcrs dcdicatcd to Si:rna clrps thc otlt'onc ofnrcrit is thc
'\rN r rn ()r fl()s'IoN CA (for tht'Circc rncl Achcloos on his nrlllc visc) \vhosc
,',,rk bclrs \olnc rcscrlrblincc ro that ofthc (l Paintcr[1:1. Scvcrll ofhis
', .Lnir cups h:rvc black lips, Iikc l:rtcr bel1d cups, ilDcl thc flolal on onc hrs slill
rL ancl proportion ofrvork in thc Konlrst Croup. Thc SANr)AL l)AINlEll
iirrm
C)vrc() PAIN l rR [41] rrc clrclcss lbllo$ crs, thcir figulcs r,"'ith tirrl cvus in
rr(L
r,rll hceds erd Nith no fincssc in thc drl,,ving; thc fornrer Prints shoulLlcr
Lkvthoi roo [1-;], a shapc rvhich thc C l)aiurcr :tlso cirnrc to r)oticc. Thc
( irruN llrRD l),lrr*rrn is rllrnl,v s:rtisfrccl \\irh rrther crrclcss lnilllals rnd
tolrls,rndhisrondosleckhnc_vborclcrs.Butlrcw:rsprolific,ltnalthcrrronstcr
:r ,rrn rvhich hc tekcs his nemc [+ 5] rvls elso thc hellnr:rrk of l largc group of
lrc.rp coDtcrllporxrv ()orinrhien ctrps.
lhc Sirur cLrps \vcrc n,cll distri[rrrctd in tlrc (ircck rvor]cl, lnd it ir
r )tclcstirllr to otc u hrt r good nrrrkct fol thcrtr wils loLrnd cvctl 111 Corinth
. rrd cspcciaily tl)c Wcst, llorxblY rt Tirenlorrr. This is true evcD ofthc Si.rn.L
. ups dccomtcd try pot pirirrtcrs likc Lvdos (nc\t.hxplcr), r'hosc othcr work
\rcn1s not to hirvc bccn nlrrkctccl in thc sltlc rvev. It sug{csts sonlc spcci;rlis;1-
rion in procltrctior xlld rlxde.
l(le it ias
Ihc F:lnqois Vesc f46l rvrs loLrucl lt (llriusi il lltrtrril in rll4s b-v Alcssrrrdto
Ftuugois r'r,ho spcnt scvcl-lll subscqrrcrlt scilsolls lookirlg for_ llrissing frlunrcrrrs.
:ll
 It r,vus slr;rtt.,retl ir)t() a)tll liilql)rcrlts by;r discontcrtcd nuseLrrl attendal)t rl
Florcrcc irr rgrxr bLrt rvls skilfirlly rcstorcd. Il survivcd thc rccclt floocls,
whict orhcrwisc dcllt so scvcrcly with other muscun cxhibits, but is lg.rrrr
bciDq Icbuilt. It is a volutc c(ttcr a ncw shape in clay and proudly signctl
twicc by thc pottcr Ersotinlos, just as it was signed rwicc by its painrur
Klcitias. Sonrc viral statistics xrc worth recording: it stf,nds 66 crn. high,
carrics:7o hunran and arriural figures, and r:r iuscriptions, solnc of thcrrl
proudly and unncccssarily c{evotcd to inanimatc objccts likc the ait.r or
fbuntain. Only one friczc is dcvoted to rnimals and florais, rbovc thc foor
\,hcrc therc arc hcraldic sphinxcs and gritiins [466], and groups of lions
attacking othcr lnirnals which in this form xre rlcw to Athenien vascs and
which lorrg outlive thc animal friczcs. All thc othcr friczcs are dcvoted to
lnyth. On onc side ofthc ncck 146.31 thc Celydonian bolr hunt, abovc thc
funeral garncs for Prtroklos; on thc othcr, Thcscus' victory dance (thc
gcranos) with thc Athcnian rncn rnd girls hc had rcsctred froir thc Mino-
taur 1q6.4), ov.:r thc flghr bctwccn Lapiths end Ccutarrrs_ Tlre rnlin shouidcr
friczc arotrnd the wholc' vrse [46.5 ] and passiirq bchind thc handics shows chc
processiolr ofdcicies ]ronouring the tlcwiy wcd Peicus who stands bclorc his
homc, in thc opcn door of which we sec his bridc, Thctis. Bclow this corrrcs
Achilles' pursuit of Troilos [46.5], warched by Priarn outsidc Troy,s walis,
lrnd on thc back x viiror-ors Ilerurn ofHcphaistos [46.7] to thc contparry of thc
Oiyrnpiar-r gods; on rhc edgcs of each handlc a Corgon, :rnd Arten-ris with
xnimals, and Ajrr crrryirg dcad Achillcs l16.zl; aud lor comic rc,licf, on
the foot, pygmics fighr crenes [46.8].
Klcitias has sonrething in conrmon with the bcst ofthc C painrer. but is far
nlore fastidioLrs ard x master ofcolour and dctail, not for its own sakc but for
varicty oftcxturc (as in thc animals), to lcnd richness to a sccnc ofpomp, or ro
cxpress Jively emotion the rcj oicing Athenians ir the boet 6.4], the inten t
[4
satyrs 146.7]. Frou his florals, howcvcr, and his use ofoutlinc drawing, filled
with white for women's flcsh and some drapcry, we cxn sec thxt hc stems
lrorn the (iorgon Printer- Sophilos tradition, and it is Sophilos who paintcd
two sitrrilar vcrsions ofthc grear wcdding procession, problrbly a littlc carlicr.
!9hcre Sophilos conplctcd thc vases with animal friczcs, Kleitias fillcd his
with nych, iD r tolrr de force which must lravc takcn days [o c,xecutc frorn
cercfully preparcd skctches. No othcr \urvivrng u.rc f.o,, this period is
comparably rich and litcratc, and Klcitirs' othcr work is, as wc havc observcd,
mxinly lniniatu st and often in coilaboracion with thc potter Ergorimos. A
r1e\rr shape thcy introducc is the carlicst ciass of thc Littlc Master cups
(iordion cups Iro8] (sec pagc 5tt), indicating a mcasurc ofindcpcr)dcrce of
thc Siana cup rvorkshops, and hinting pcrllaps thit r. 57o could bc r triflc
c:rrly for thcir mastcr.piccc.
.14
lllllr)r pot Painters
\\', r1 n l1) olhcr painlers lor \\ork on a lar!!c scalc and oD ltrgc vltscs' St'tltt
r, rr,,r Lr':rcr:trtists than Kicities but thcy cxprcss thc ncrv tnood itt vrtst
,1, ,,,r.rt r.n. not so rcadily rclated to thosc oldcr traditions to which wc c;rrr sci'
rlrrt l,,,tlr l{lcitias and thc Siana cup peinters werc indcbtcd. Thcy prrirrt xrrrrc
trrrr I .rr shlpcs - dinoi and colunrn cratcrs but thc ovoid llcck anrPhor'r i\
,, rrrrr r, iDto its owD now among Pxilltcrs, just occxsion:rlly carryitlg p;rrrcl
,1,,,, rrr,rn likc a bclly anphore, and with it thc hydria in its carly forttr wirh r
1,l,,l,Lrlrr body.
llrL |irn1c vase ofthc PAINTER o[ AcRoPoLIS 606 (r. J7o to J6o) is a 6Dc
,lr ,,, 171 rvith x vigorous battlc sccr-rc of warriors and chariots in rhc rnrirr
t, ,, ,, othcrs cairying groupcd arlimals, :i cavalry fight, and florals, with
. .,,rcl
,r, .,r Lrrr.rl rvhirligig on thc brsc. Hc cen match Klcities' eyc for dcteil :nd
, ,,1, ,,r, . .rncl cxcel hin-r ir-r skilful compositiotr of ovcr)epping, jostling figurcs'
ll,,,rcsthcderailofharncss,wcaPons,hclmelcrcsts,andstLrdiestheposture
,,1 I r\ liitLrrcs, ifDot aJrvays with totel succcss (noticc thc f:rllcllwrrrior) M()rc
,,1,, .rucl rnore obviously notrunlent^l in cherecter are his horsencn-
,rr,1,lr,rr,rc ITSl otthc standardbcllyshapcbut r,vith thc picturesin pancls, likc
il, I l,,r sc-hc:rd arnphor:rc. This is a decorativc schcme which allows the arrist
r,, l,r ( \rrlt r singlc 6gurc or group in its owrr right, not ls part ofany lnore
,1, r, l,rpcd xctio; sccile. Yct cven hcre wc erc probably to tskc the coursinsi
lr, , bcuceth rhc horscs as an indicatiott ofswiftness, lnd the eaglc carrying a
r rl\( Js llll Ornen.
Nr,rucnos (c. JToto J5J), whosignsaspottcrandpaintcr,shelcsthc6ncssc
,, rlrc hst:utist irrrd can:rdd somcthing of the dignity of an Exckias in his
L , ,l r ofAchillcs harncssing his horscs [4 9]. This is on a big klntharos, a sh epc
l' I r\'oLus, alld ls potter-paintcr he nlxkes tbis a showpiccc of illnovetion,
,,,r .rll ofit luppy thc white grourrd bencath ihc tongucs at thc lip and thc
,r l,'rc ,rrr rhc horscs irrsct frorrr thc contours to givc I black outlire He c()Pies
r , \l)iipc ofa Corinthian aryballos too, lo carry a liny frieze ofpygmics and
r rircs, srtyrs it play end othcr figttrcs l5ol (thc whole vase is lcss then 8 cnl'
f,r1'fr). Lik; Ergotirlos hc nr:rdc Littlc Mrstcr cr-rps and so probebly r'vorkcd
.rrr r drxn j60.
I hc other paintcrs to find :r placc herc favoured ovoid ncck rnlPhorllc and
rl,, round-bodicd 1-rydriae. Thc ProoN PAINTER dccontcs Silna cups too errd
r . r cry fond of friezcs of opposcd palmcttcs :tnd bold rcd-bleck
pattcrns on
of xnirral in hardly bcttcr thaD
',,,,gi. H"
is still a paintcr friczcs, thcse
l,,pirilos, lnd hc still uscs blob rosettcs ilr the beckgr-ottnds to his scencs, btrt
l,r'dorrls with hoop lirrks instcad ofintcrlaccs, arrd his dr:rped figrrrcs which
rc \o closc to Lvdos shou' thlt hc nray bc letcr tharr hc looks (r' s6s ro 5ss)'
lli\ key vasc', thc He:rrst H1'clrie 15ll, is low itr Ncw York Thc Caut'ttt
l'\rN'rui [J2 3] (namcd xarcr vascs in Cembridgc and Tarquinia) is a poorcr-
3J
 I
I I .. l.r , \,,1,1 r\ ll()rr(l .rrr1\r r,,ith his:rnirn:rl fi.iczes. florlLsliDkccl
, I , I r,l r,.lrr.nl ol .r bcil1.:rurphotu in thc old ntanncr rvith
,, lr r, rrr,r,.rrl ol lr,rrcls..rDd cvcn r row ofroscttesarthcrirn
f5z].
t, ,, ir ,\,,,,,l, rrirtrrrr.s rr.r.r.obLrsrlv clccorrtivr,. ldios,vncrasics itrclrrclc thc
, ,t ,,,1,r.1, r,l,,l l,l.r, llLrr.irrsrriptiorrs(rsoftcnsophilos)xndrrrrDir)gthc
rr ir irr ,.irlr, lr lrrLi lr ir lr cr.ro crosscd lotuscs irr to l o\vs of circlcs. Mosl ofhis
L ,,r r il,( rr rr rr': lr.rrl orrrittccl rhcsc b:rnds. "fhc IJuRC()N GRoup bclonss herc.
rL
\\rll),,1r lr\r r'orrrpictc l)luurhcnlic vesc [zg6], to rvhich rvc shell rc,tun,, rnci
,lorclr r el.r tcd, rlrc l)^lNTtR oF LoNDoN B 76 iJ.l, Jj l. Hr: is anothct rcd_lcfter
rrr.rrr. lr.rs rlrc fhrrriiiur lrrirrrlls rnd ilorels, but adds r litclc morc colour to his
lirt r rlc rvork r,,,hicL is closer to th it ofdtc Lydan Vlses. His intcrcst ilr i nitrr.ow
t.rnqc ot lrojiln rllyth sccDes l-clninds rrs that bv Dow soute collvcnriors hed
\ct huld jn thc v:r\c paintcrs' r cpcrtor) . .r nd rh:r c innr,,. rri,rn .rtrd irt r trtrion rvill
disringuish tllc rruc rrastcrs ofrhis craft as ntuch es tcchrlical;rbilir\,. Thus. in
his nlmc v:rsc, a cotlvcntiollal frorrt.rl chlriot \cel)( !.rrh u.lrlior\ 15 oltlv
rcndcrcd hcroic bv thc lddicion ofTrr>jan namcs [5rr]. This is r pcriod u.hich
levours colour't'irl llorvcr ancl bud fliczcs, l:lter to beconlc bl:rck end crrra
cietcrl, end rvhich lnrl cvokc thc oldcr filling or'nanlcnrs bv cxotic biossonls
ri.irr! lr,'rr {l)( SroL rd lirrc olrrgr.rc *r'n...
Tyrrhenian amphorae (c. 565 to 550)
Thc ovoid ncck arlphol:r hrs bccD rhc chiractcristic vasc shipc for scvcr:ll pot
paiDters of thc sccond qurrtcr of thc sixrh ccrltrrrv. The largcsr single gror.rp
procftrccd in thcsc ycars, nurrtrcrinE ncltrly two hntr.ircd iu..,iuing pr...s,
scctns to havc becu dcstined [ot.u,cstcrD rnxrkcts ruh.lrcc its,.r",rr.l
()nc or tu'o only arc kuor,r,rr lrom Acgcarr sites. We havc:rlready notcd
i6 63].
tlte
iDrportance ofthc $,cslcrrl tratkcts, r)i,t.lbl) i11 Solrth lrill),, ro rhc SLJt):r (Lrp
peintcrs. lhc Ecruscer citics, cspcciallv Cacrc Vulii, hed btcn gooil
custolDcrs too, Lrttt gcnertllv rcadic.r for Corirrthiln "ud wxrcs.
Now Athclts
cDtclcd thc coDlpelition scriously u,ith e li1le:rirned lt a rnarkct conciitiotred
r1rclcl1,to Clolnrh's colotrr lnd:rnirrral t'iiezcs, and bcconring rccustorrrccl tcr
Athcrs'intcrcstine retrgc of myrh encl ircnr.c sccrer. fhc shepc clroscrr rvas:r
Lrsctirl onc, rot lvcli srrppliccl liorl Oorinth, ilrld pclhrps trirvclline lillcd rvith
plirrrc Attic oil. Thc schcnrc ofdccor.rrion rc\unrL)l!\ rhrr t,f(-orrnth.s vascs,
;rlthotrgh b1' thc nrid-ccrrurv thesc hrcl gcncrall\, rbtudoncd subsidiurv
.rrrrr r.rl llr,z-.,,rr r]ll,lr,,fr..lrdl'r.rr,.r.orrrrtrrl,ur.rrr {rrrcDi rrr rr,,rI t.c,o.,.r
to thcnr in st11c (incltrding thc Lyclln v:rses yct to bc cousiclcrcd). Colorrr is
.r-.1 rr,,1r.,.1\.r.r'lr.'rrrlr.tr-tLr,..,crrL...\,,.rr,..rr.rrrr.lli,1rl,lr,,,.,,,lr.,l.
scvclri crr rr'_r'ronsctsc irscriptions for rhcir snob valuc. Thc.c is gr'r.r.1 rur,,r.
"
o1_stock livth sccrrcs, uith cmphasis on Ilcraklcs:urd A nr:rzn,,.r,rr" ch v. s.r,,,.
korrrrsts still :tnd thcir strcccssors! rrtr rr. .rs r,r cll r, uur c.trltc,,r b.rrrh of
Athcrrien lovc-rueki:rg displaYs u c:rrlt lnd spccillisccl ilrrcr.cst in cr,'crvd:Lv
l6
lrl, l hc vxsc lrccks usuxlly carr\'ar lotus aDCl pxlllrette cross ()r ir)rcrl.r( (. .lr(l
1,,\\ thL'rrlain sccnc on thc shoulclcr colre two or thrcc fr_iczcs ol ,rrrrrrr,rlr.
,,
, ,,,t,,,,hichnreybcrcphccdby:rflora1. l\arcly rhey:rrc ell trlu,k b,rrc,rrlr .r
, ,,l,L l shouldcr lriczc [59]. Thc lttcst amphorae rrc slimrlrcr irr slrrrl,c ;rrr,l
, r lorLrscs losc thc cortrll spiky lcal Scvcral artists havc bccr rlistirrgr rislrr'rl
r , L ti'r.u nrey bc pickcd out hrrc: d1e Cestcllrni Prilltcr, thc nrosl all;r:r( -
r, rrc ofthc rvl-rolc group, for hisjoll,v, big hcadcd figurcs:urtl his lirrrtlrress
,,,,ncflor-allriczc:rbovchistu,ooftninrals[59,60];theCoitl.rPeirrrcr-fbl
l, . l,Lrlbous-hcetlcd enirn.rls l5dl; thc poorcr sc\y (;ueliclnri Iraintcr I6 r ] errcl
r, linri:rdcs Peintcr 156-71 u,h o in vcnts sorrre iltcrestiDg cock m or stcrs ; thc
Ii illrrios l)airtcr [62] u,ho hes sonrc prcrensions to reil skill rnd ,,vit, sinee ru
'
givinq birth to Arhcna from his hced it is HcrrDcs who stclls
', crc ofZetrs
r,
r,, rhou, u, ith his clccllrlrion ' l anr Herrnes ofl{yllcnc' (his Arcadiau honrc) ;
,l thc OLL G: orrp (OxfLrd Lcipziq Louvrc) of crr-licr, frucl v:rscs, rlot
I r.l\ cxpor-l Dlodels.
L
\\,'h;rvc not sccn thc last ofaninrals and aninral friczcs on Athcnian vascs,
,Lrt b,vDow a fierrrc styic of somc vcrsatility rrld vigour-hes bcen cstablishcd
, i c\plcss e
liro\\rir[i rcpcrtory ofstock lnydl sccDcs and to scrve the ]Dorc
r.rsirrativc:lrtist to tcll nc\n, stories o: depict evcrydey lit'i'. Whet chengcs
r\ c thcrc bccn i11 thc idio[r offigurc drau,ing ? In ctlc'ct, vcry tcrv. Thc bllck
,,r rrcn - whitc for rvorren convcDrion is rlruost firlly cstablishcd but tlrcrc
r . s!ill solnc rnalc red faces and chcsrs. Whcn sonrc Tyrr benian paintcrs grvc
i.orrr;tsts, end cvcn sonrL'her-ocs, r-cd torsos but bleck f;rccs wc nriv suspcct
thc point ofthe convclltion is bcing lost. On worrrcn's clrapcrv grid
ir.Lt
i,.rrtcr_ns talkc Do rroticc of fbld or corrrour bur thcrc rnay bc closcr obscrvltrou
,,l rlrc detril ofpcplos slccvcs rnd cloeks (himetia). Wc conre to sec thc
l,nrdirllc prttcnr of oblique lines suqgcstilq folds for nreir's himatit, lnd
,,,c:rsiorulll rn:tnqulir fold u.hcrc en cd5ic hiurgs frcc. On the fiqulcs rhc
l. rttL'rns ofknecs, cibows or c:u s rney be clrcfully obscrvcd erld cvcll xpproxi-
r r.rtc to lifi', but this rcprcsctts Jitclc eclvancc on the scventh ccntlrry. Frorrtil
. lrcst and profilc hips ol1ir no problcrl sincc no ettcmpr is mildc rs yct to show
ll)c stoltlrcll rlllrsclcs but thcrc xrc sonlc cllictivc siclc vicws of the rorso,
n)ulctinlcs rather oddlv con)bir)cd u,ith half t frontal chcst. I'hc nrelc cyc
,r.rrcs rorrrld xnd frontal in tlrc profilc ficc, thc fcrurlc eye is haifcloscd, olrcrr
r irh a black or rcd dot for thc pupil. Withlrr rhcsc colvcntions rvhich allorvcd
ro rcnclcring ofdcpth, forcshortcning oflirutrs or facial exprcssior bcvond
rn opcn urouth or the pxnring :ul\icty ofl slt\'r_ - thc rtrtists itchicvcd e go()Ll
r.rrr!lc ofstudics of:lctio1r al)d rcposc. lt \4,as for thc rlcxt gcllcrxtion to tfterr)pt
to rdd licline.
37
 T

j1.t,2Ottby1kl\htktt'| .ALlt! \ 5t1t dlkto!.). lt. ta t7 l\l\rthorlht nq by th C |'jai,tut. H- t1 9

jb Ott Ly th( C hltlt' Syt4D\tt .tt 'ltilotl krthr (lL!)\' llt C I'jdirlu' |tu1lvknl t)l I'ii\
Jj (:rt' l)y tlr (: l\ titt.H.tl
tt (: tI'ytht Ihit(lh.t.q Pannlr B(lltra o a ltliChi ruo H lI
 T
i

+t Ott b),th( Ciriti l\tilt(

1o (:ry Ly th 11(ii.llt! t\ii k1. t.tu itlln ! .4thi (! b,a\:tht ti Chirc _ H_ j1

1j.12 C1ry l,t ttu ()ifitFhil1l l\nnd'.11. 1t'.1

t1 Cry) hy th ll.td.lh(c l\1it1ttj 11tt0j.t \rtyr drlr!

42.2 tu1

t..t (:lt)lttlttlTtj ttrttl Bondt CA $ ltktthr! ht th S.,ttnl P itu l r n

ll.t1 N! ). ..1 hrr hdttt ,itlt,t! li| H- t7-3
 ?

t6 th(Fta *)i\11\. L'ol .nltlsi! tt q Kttitid\.t1tl Et.rotit .\. tt.6(

1ti- J N(l 't lk Cil)'do idn |ton, U t I 11| .h1t (;.,,.j .r'l ,rr)UoJ

16.1 N*ttL L tu Athitit t!' ha fttriij 't tunj^

t(.j lJrt) 'fh( W..ldtt! rl Ptld\ r l lt|1j\: ALhitltt thn!.! t11)ito!

.+l
 T

16-2 Hntullt Ant tit; AN! .d'ria tht j6-iJ I:ort I,y! tri t'd,l. .\ lt |'ni'ttt ol Adilli\ ('o t( tr|!)
l).\lht t t)1 b), 606

ttt B(llt dnphaLt hy th( ]\ti ka ol A.1\Nii! 6oi

t6-7 Bolt Ttu lltln .l Hqlntinr\

 5, Btlly n 4)l\\d l,y tlt Cr"tor

1-u.l1rot ol kn than ! si.q|t.t by Nu,rh,),. A.hith\ ttith hi! hoY,\

Jo Strdr,dl .4r,/ioJ J/(,.ii ,), Ni,,,.rdj. r.L d. -j0 .t: py! 1t(\ f,Jht tr c! ;tJcrrirr. so _:; Sary^

51.1.) Hyl'ir l,t tht L\.l\t l\1tn t l'|'ln

I lLdn Hylri.) L|- .to I
 Y

5 | Nrtl! n \lon by tlr Cr tdr ])ni kr. Adtillt\ Mnih.l

5.! Hydrin I'y th Pii tt t)l Lo to B 76 ( rtu rn't). +h.to')\.ltdiot

56
't ynl\rir r phoa bf lk 't't intl.\ ]\tino. H,llklL\ flll l\ /1 :o \- I I- t9 t
ti N..l d,4lDrd,), /r.l,nittt t,l 1.. da B76..,1(hill(r tlu\lti t'trtln\ lkl t\'l)\t1tr
 57 1)'nhant drthnn b), ltu Tn ah: ltiljta. rh \rdifa,ttt t\)t)lon

nt I )ultnr h ltrtl^\r rl tli I r\lnl r t 't tl

.. Tyholitn nn4,l\\d l,t tk Ktllotii\ Pdttttl tlr.rd!) ql.i 'l ylnliol d tthohL. t1.15

\t ltrlt,it artl,lt ah) tln.tr.ttlr 59 'l tfth i,nj n Vhrftt t,t tt. C.nx. dnt
h)ithr 1 \t:lt ht jt \t _11 /) Prnnr. Atolh) r d Arx li\ ntDt Ltoml

7.t t'v '

g,l,:

lri:,
qfri
6 ).,: l'h 1\nth,, ]:.tiltlttl.
 Chapter Four
THE MID CENTURY AND AFTER
Lydos, Amasis and Exekias
Thrcc artists, whosc works span thc yc'ars frorn:rbout 56o to 5:5 and so to tht.
thrcshold of rcd frqurc, ifnot beyond it, rcpresent Arhcritn blick 6gurr rrr
its prirnc and exploit lll rh:rr thc tcchriqrrc. can oli-er.
Lydos [61-7r ], at his bcst, riscs to thc quality ofhis scniors, Ncarchos or thc
Plintcr of Acropolis 6o6. Hc is rootcd iu the rradition of Athclial black
figure, evcn irs anim;rl stylc to which he gives a bricf ncu, lifc, brrr he had rr
long carccr rnd, albeit in a rather sclfconscious and mlnnered fashiori, his lltcr
work rccords thc ncw stylcs ofhis rrore acconrplishc'd contcmporarics- His is
cspccially, though, the mood of thc ycars beforc rhe micl-ccrrrury, and
' Lydan ' dcscribcs a stylc which is distinctive, ifrot l)ways ofdistinction.
Thc Anrsis Paintcr 177-9tl also workcd long: an individurlist rn thc
history ofAthenialr paintinq whosc brrrsh was as cxpressivc as his qrevcr, aucl
whose nrost trivial rvork cu pieasc wirh its flucncy or hulI our.
And Exckias [97 ro6l, a tnLly grclt artist rvho, irr his fcrv sur.,,ivins vasc's,
dcrnolstretcs holv it was possiblc to sc above thc cxigcncies o fa tcchn ique so
poorly sLrited to vrsc dccorttion! and to cxprc'ss t nood and dignity such as
rv:ts achievccl, lncient r,r,rilcrs assurc us, in the pairtings ofthc ercrt cl.r\sicrl
rnnralists ofthe fifth century nc.
LYDos (.. J6o ro -s4o)
Twosurvivinsvascsaresigncd l64l,aspainter-, by'ho Lvdos"drc Ll.clirrr'
a sufncicDt indication rhat thc artist or his fur-nily rvas imnrigr-lnt lionr
Crocsrs' Ernpirc, although hc mry havc bcc'n borr in Athcns and hc ccr rrinlv
learncd his tradc thcre. It hes not provcd casy to isolatc Lydos an individuel
es
irtist rvhcn his signcd works and their obvious kin f,rll r.,,ithin the ransc of r
vcr v ltrgc group ofvases, fairly hotrrogcncous;1 stylc bur widclv dillirinl in
qualiry. We sccm ro bc dcaling wirh e prolific workshop in which the
standlrds wcrc sct by thc Lydian- Morcovcr, thc r,r,orkins lilc of Lyclos ald
his studio sccms to havc bccn iong. His stylc is firnrly rootcd irr thc tradirion of
the paintcrs dcscribed in thc last chaptcr; hc decoratcs rrrlnv Sianr cups
(ovcrlep) and hc is drc last of rhe paintcrs in Athcus to dcvore larsc v;rses
rvhollv to Iergc rninlals, dr:lwn with cousidcrablc little colour_ In
c:rre and no
thcse respccts his stylc rcnreirs close to thet oftlte (lorinthians, u,hilc'in his
s2
lLr,rrr'rvorLhccrrricsLtsfrolnthcswllcldledgcntrvof tlrcirllllrc(lirl(1\ |t)\l
l\l( rri,ul vascs, tirror-rgh thc dltpper clrcssirlg of Arllasis, to ncrlt ll)r (lrrlrrrl\ ()l
1.,,i,rs. Within his group $'c find good llriniarurist work too orr lrttl'
Nlr\1cr clrps irrrLl e-vc cups, u,lrilc Lydos hirnsclf p]i tccl I berrtl cLrl' lZol 1i'r r
1,,,r!r. Nikosthcnes, \\,hosc florLlit bclongs to thc Ycrrs ofrcd figrrrc
l'ttl"t
l)rrl! the full rcpcrtorv oflargc ancl slDall vxses avaihblc irr thc P()(ttr\'
lLrLrtcr, nrcluding :L trick v.rsc [6.s], a coolcr [66],
loLrtrophoroi:rncl :r firrr' r':rl
1, L,lue scrics [7t l.
()nc signccl piccc is l supcrb, norv frlgtlreurary diuos frorlr dlc Acro-
havc rcndcrcd thc besr rvork of sonl c of
1,,, rs | 611, r shrpc xDd sourcc which
I r ,los' prcdcccssors. ln the llorals, clctailing ofdrcss and f-celul-cs, ltrd thc bolrl
, ,,Lrprrig ofthe battle ofgods ancl giarrls, wc xrc 11ot ftr lrom Acropolis 6o6
, ,1 Nc,richos. Thc rlriu liiezc hts thc gigrlntorrrachy end bclorv ir thcrc i"
l,ir.cssioll xlrd ] hurlt, thcn eDinlrls akrnc. Thcre is dclail allal colour hcl_c lo
r r,'point of tirssrncss, relicvcd by thc vcrve o[lhc fighting lirouPs lrrd thc
, \ r rL'n1cl,v s)'nlPrthctic trcltrncnt oflhc aninils, iiorl thc rvasp shicld dcr r' '
1,, thc s:rcri6.iel bc.rsts :rccolrlpanied by thc nlen *'ith e clsc ofwickcd looking
,ll rvcs. A colunur cletcr ir1 Ncw York [65] is ncarly I s big es thc Frxnqois V;11('
,ul, \\,ith x singlc friczc, its figtrrcs arc ncarlY 25 cn1. hilih. Thc l{crutn of
llr'phaistos is rcndcrcd with thc rninitrlnnr rcqtlisitc allcntiolr to thc storv
l)ionysos orr ollc sidc, Hephirisl()s llloLnltcd on thc otlrcr end ItlilxinlullI
,rlcrcst i1r thc licstulcs rncl bchrviour of rhc :tcconlpln,ving sl 'rs 'rrrd
rn,rcnlds. bLrt without thc circtrlnslarrtixl dcrail rvl-rich Klcitils olli-rccl. Nrltiu'
rlrc s]t-vr sllxkc-h:llldlcr; thcrc is sonle stcalil)g ofdiDk froltr ir willc skirl,
Lnd tlil-pu1ling. Lydos' srtyrs are gcllllcrncn heiry solllctilrlcs or rvriuklcd
bLrt alnlost rlcvcr xs sextrxllv c,\hibitiollist lls thc Aollscell, \{ho xrc rotlghcr
bcrsts, 1)or as sornc ofLydoi Incn whcll ficcd by halrclsornc ,vouths. Pcrhxps
(llis tcilchcs sornethirr!! xborlt LYdos lrlld Al11asis.
Lls
Thc nryrh sccncs cstiblish xncl cleboritta stock thclllcs, uot ltll of rhcnr
rcrldt'rcd rvirh rhc firtcssc sccll on thc vescs alrcacly consiclcrcd. Thc onlookcrr
.u c- lnol c corllnlor1 n611, ' pc guirr ' r,,'otncn holditrg thcir cloeks irl lio t of
thcnr (prcsrrruebly wrxppcd r.ross thcir chcsrs) treililg o11 ilto'tails' 'rrd
r1rcr1 \\'ith the fblds ofrhcir hinratia shorvll ir) slar)lirlg stripcs likc blnd:rging
A trick.jtLg (rn lir holc irr thc hollorv heudlc rvill, $'hclr Lrncovcrcd, rclcir\c
licluicl fronr:r sep:rrltc irrtcr c;rvity throttgh thc ftrot ofthc vlsc!) Dllclc b)'thc
pcittcr Kolchos [6E] h:rs Iuorc lD:urncrcd fisules lrld rhc Athcne supPorlirlj
Hcreklcs egeinst K1'knos has ltcr flcsh drltvn in outlillc as Anlrsis might 1l:tvc
donc. uhilc rhc folds of Arcs' .hcss lncl of Zctls (r'r'ho intcrvcllcs) sltou erl
.rttcrnpt lo herrdlr'thc nc\\, thrce-dinlcllsiollal convcrltiolls oirhc 5,1os. Thc
lrcck e d halldlc pelrltcltcs loo :trc lxlc, and lvcll orl dlc rvrv to prltcms oflllc
lccl frgurc pcriod. (On this v:rse scc also p. (rr.) Sotttc of L-vclos'olhcr bcst
wol k is sL-erl in thc nrnrrirlg or' fl,vitrg figtll_cs oll p1:ttcs. A gorgollci"rr is
promotcd to Ii1l :r pi:rtc orlcc 169]
53
 I r.'
i
I r r , r.spccirllv on thc ceriicr vascs
. rrr rrr ;rI
whcrc rhe fiiczcs mav snll ., Lrl,lcs ofsiout'spcciel s]rrpc'fd5 61. His siEriturcs irr( ()r llr.( n{,L
I1,",,:.l,.,rrl,ol,,l,r,..,rr,.....rnnrrr,ir.,,l.,r ..rrr,l.,,r.r,.rnr,.r.c,rrn,d.t.,,'l.l,L, , r 1,lror.c, e cup illd t'btrr oirrochori, xnothcr levorrrcd shupc. I Iis r'.rrlr,'r
rl,. rrlri.l,rr lt.rr,l .1rr.r.r. r, ,,f ..,r)( t,.lir(\ rr.ri,lr
5, Lr.,,l ,,, rh,. 1_.,,,r,,,,
Vlsc. Thr.1, urc sriflilcgecd, siirrr-bodicd, r rther- rt oodcn bLrt tlccorativc bcasrs, 'i,,rl, ir on slrotrldcr lckythoi [77 El, .rnd hc peirts elso ;r lirv ol tlrc ol,li r

I)t LLririt t)-pc.Hiscupsurcludcordin;rr1,blndcupsIdIItrD(l r()nr( c\l(rr

encl thc closest ofell in Athels to thc very latesr ofthosc plintcd ,', rtr,.,,iththcliplcssT,vpcActLps[.9;] ircludirewharlookslikc;rp.rrotlr ol
ol1 \,i1scs by
(lorirthirn-ertrsrs (comp:rrc
l7.u l). Bclzlcy distirgtrishcs trr,o principll conr_ 1,, ckien cl'c cup, wirh its cyc-sircn xnd cxcrciscs in m:rniptrlr tior l,t..l1,:rrrrl
lr r
penions oiLldos, but onll.frrrnr thcjr hLlrnrn figurc r.r,ork sincc ,,,,.'rvirh pleirr stcrrrs rDd onc-piccc profilcs to tbot ft4l, ,,vlrich ertirip.rtc
thc aninrrls
r-cllr:riD 'Lvdell'. ()f thcsc thc l)ArNtE]l ()1, VATTcAN y,r ofTvpc ]3. His potting is unifolnllv c\ccilcnt rr1d, likc thc peinting, otrt
-lo9,s pcrk1,_fcetrrrccl
figrrcs r arcll app:-olch L vdo s cvcr iu h is ntost pcclestr i:rn rrrood , , r r1 11161i11111, l ulr of prodLlclioll ir Atlrcrs pottcrs' quartc'r.
| 7-1 a l, whilc
thc PAINTT.R or LouvRE F6 orlv occtrsionally.i,,cs hr.k ruurt'i75 f1. I he broed dcvclopmcllt oithc plintar''s cill ccr cilrl bc obscr vt'cl both in thc
Thc firrlrcr is nrorc old-[rshiorrrt anci shorrc,r-livcd,"b,r.," dccol,i"r*,r*i,,f",r"af. rr L. ot_his flerrres ilnd orlrill)lcrt, lrrd ir thc shepcs ofthc vescs hc rlccoratcs,
rllrphoric: thc lattcr gocs oIrc dccor.lttc- the nctv shot,iclcrccl h,vclria, crltcrs 1,,! rnstrrlcc in tllc scrics oi 1)cck xnlphor:lc. Thc c:rrl1' shouldcr lckl-
rlld n1ln,v bclll irnrphorlc,, nrost like thc latc.sl Cor.rnthil:r in shapc, and r r,,l 177 El illc closc to rhc u,ork ofthc Sien:r cup pairrrcrs.'fhc rcietioushi;r
sctting;rbovc thc p.rncls thc lorq tongucs, rvhich arc so cr:rrrnror in (lorrlrh, ,rLtI thc Hciclclbcrq Irrinlcr hxs bccrr norcd, lnd rhis indicares thrt Am.r:rs
or rous ofblobbr ir,r'lc-ercs. Thc colunrr crltcrs t()o.rr-c llicl orrt nrrLch likc ,r.rs p.riuting by lbout 56o ll(r. On thc rnrphorlc wc ciln scc chrlrgcs il) thc
th. ilrcst Cor.irirhi:rn. Whlt lilks rhc u,r)rk ofthcsc er.tisrs to L1.dos is thc st1,lc ,, ]l rrrrr cnt lhclotlrscslosirlqrhcirccDtrclcafId5:Eg,9r].Thccrrlyclrlpccl
.,1 rIr, .rrIrrrr.r|.,,rrrlr,.u v r,...rrr(t tit,.r l\(,,r rlr.rrr
urrl.ir_ r.r,. . ..ltl .6 1.,,.,,, {urcs hirvc fbldless drapcrr'177], thcn flet rnslrl:rr lolds ('Lvcl,m'It7]) lncl
Athcrrs- fhc LIdrn ligurrc st)-lc lirrgcrs oD dcccprivcly irrto rhc r)irll! sirloorrs ()Dcs [86], so Aur;rsis' ctrccl sp:rns rhis iruportlnt st,vlistic
5:o,s o,-larcr
(rvith tlrc 11cld1, l)tirrrcr) pcrhaps fbr cldcr.l1..,,rt,ru.,i.., s,ith slc.nclcr ,lrlngc. This 1:rst phrsc nlust llc corltcllrpolrlr\,\\,ith thc ctrly vcltrs of rccl
nrcarrs.
igurc but hc is iu uo rcspcct scclucc'd by'thc lcr, irrrcrcst il erretonlic:rl dctril
-s6c) to jtl)
Trrr, Auasts l)ArNTHx (..
()r thc looser drr\\,ilrg of(llilpcr v r,vhich bcsct his poorcr corrlcrDpoIarics. ()n
Thc clclicetc touch aDd r,".it ofthc Ar11:lsis p;riltcr erc an cxccilctrt f-oil r rturnbcr ofhis lrtcr v:rscs hc drlrus worucD's flcsh in oLttlinc [85, E7, 39], not
to thc,
\\'orklrlrliike Lyclos or thc nlor.c stiltlrcsqr.lc rljenitv oflrxckias. AlthoLlgh rhitc ou bhck Id6, 9o]. H.rrlict Athcnir:r plintcrs hrd donc thc silrllc but rn
sonrc fclturcs of his srvlc sccnr rlnost fbrcign to tltc
rnair ttrc;un of bl:rck rhis rcspcct alorc Anlxsis l11ay bc lckrlowlcclqing or alticipatinq thc rlcu,
lletlc in Athcrls, his rpprcnticcship .,r,ls Arh-c,li,rn, i,, r1rc 11,.rpr,,fth" Si"r" tcclrniquc- Arrothcr fi'lrnrc ofhis l:Lrc work, on thc stout irnrphorec irnd cups,
cLLp.prirrtcrs, arrd cspccilll,v of rhc Ilcidclbcle peiutcr
l-;9_7i l. is rhc occrsionel oru issiol ofr sround linc ti)r his fiqlrrcs IE4, E6l. Hc firvorrrs
Anrlsis signs cight bllck fllaurc v:rscs, :rll dc.cor;rtcd bv'on'c ertist. His lirrclv pettcrncd drrpcrv, nreking !!rcat piey with delicetc r,r-ar,) lincs ld5 61,
othct
pottcr rvork is slielrt, ;ichldiltg f\\' o v.r\rs iot L I dus .urJ, n u I I rhc othcr whilc flingcd hcnrlincs xrc I spccialitv. I lc uscs stipplinu ii grcirt rlcril ior rhc
cl)d ot.
his c.trccr, l crtp (rvhich hc also sisrrs) for ,r rccl fiqrrc eitirr.
flr" t i".lt i,*,,." lrliry boclics ol setyrs ftt-91, cvcn fi)r hcld hrir end bcrlds, :rrd rnrnv of his
peintcr r.d potrcr trc slrrcl' thc s:,tlc llr:til. ,Anr:Lsis, is a Hcllc,ised
lor,t ot'. \ oullla nrc sporl long lovc locks bcfi)rc thc cxrs. A rcrl fircc urev I)c qivcn to
thc Eq),ptiirrr Ahrnosis, wtich is e rnnllrruu Eq)pf,.,n u.,rr.. Thurc ,,rar xr1 occesiorlill sircrl [.r2] or Athcl1.r (thcrr r,r,ith bl.rck flcsh), ercl ir gcncrel his
a
l)liareoh Ahrnosis r-rr-line Egypr fronr 57o ,,,, prub"l.rl1,,oo lurc
ftrr the Grcek usc ofcololrr.rn(l erce pattcrlrilrg is bold e|d originrJ Hc r'r,:rs Urscinrtcd bv
to bc r:rrlcd elicr hinr rt birth. The carlicst v,rics by thc,paintcr_portcr
ilrc nor .u'nrou: and cs1'rccielly bv shiclcl bhzons fETl rvhich he nrekcs nruch of
siqrlccl so thc rrrrnc courlcl hevc l)ccn edoptc.i littcr in iiie, brrt
tli..., urh". (cspccilllv ;rnirrll fbrcparrs), incisins rethcr than nrcrclv prirtirlq thcnl
1:.rdor-s u,hich llriliht irrdicrtc a pert-Eg,vpiien or igin "r.i
rDd cerly 1,",,.r.r1r.-u,, rvhirc. I lc llso cnjoys dct.rils ol.jcrvcllcry ltcl drcss. His t'lgtrrcs hirvc rn cl.r\tiL
.,, r,,
ir Neucrrtis: his i:rtrocluctiou ofthi,Eevptiari;rhlr"sr.,,,,'sh"p. iir..t"r ru delicncy of lirrrb ancl corltoLrr, bcst irpprcciitccl on his s lellcr v:1scs, []ut rlot
Arlr,.r,, 1-ol. rrr,l f lrr. rllrrr, .,t,,.;,"....,, rw(,.,t.Jr,,'r,..1A,,,.,_
'., lost on thc I:rrqc oncs. Unusurlly, ftr e bhck figurc urtist, his brtrsh work is.rs
sri lool rnd A,r rs,,r'. uhteh rrr{:{csrs that thc finrilier Ar,lsis rves s*..trt. inrprcssive as his incisine.
IJrrt thc idiosvncr:rsic's ofhis st;lc lrc nor spccificailv louien.
His glorLps rrd lriczcs lrc composcd with e c:rrclirl svrrrrrlctr\', rathcr stxid
Arrr:rsis pots encl dccoretcs e rvidc rengc of shepcs (but rrot
hr.drilLc or :rt first, bLrt letcr rrcvcr dullirlg thc iurp:-r'ssion ()fr1r()vcrlrcDt. l)iouysos is his
cr.rrrrs). t)fthc l.rr,:c v.r\r\ h( prL.fL.r\ th" 1r.:11r,,,,,rp1,,,,."c,
wir; o,c or tn,o of irvoul.itc, usurlly standing cor pluccntl,v u,ith suryrs, rnucnrds or nortxls,
rhu nc\\ T)Lrc A l,tz .il. rrrdr rht clabor:rcccl hendlcs lnd
lcct, bur e surell sLrpL-rvisir)q tho vintalje [.!9], once skipping forwlrd to hilvc his cup rc
rlrullbcr ofDcck unrphor:rc spln his carccr-, lronr thc cerlv ovoid
to 6nc latc chrrgcd [8t1. Thc s:rt\.rs xrc p:llticularl\r eimiablc bcesrs, with 1o\\,, hcirr,)'
J.+
5S
 bLrttoil's, s[rrrrrr I)r(lr.rr,l .rl(.rt l..rtrr(\ llr, rrrrrlr,,l,,r r,.Li ,,,rrcs,rrc ulll
c()rrp()scd hrt r.rr(.ll slrorv tlrc or.isirr.rlrrl ol lrrs rlrr rrrr sr,rlrli.s rvirlr rlrt.
irrrirr)irtcd ltcl)itcalLrritl saUlprLnc lf'.;l,.rrr,l lrc rs olicrr s.rti:llcrl \!ttl) il (liviDC
corvcrsilzi()Dc. T'hcrc is origirl.lity, llo\! c'cr, l)()'] ol_ ol)scr vil tior r. i. rrrill) \ () l
his cfuncing figurcs, rncl hc is one ofthc flrsr to incr.odrrcc cvcr-yclev sccrrur,,l
sonle cortrplcxit) chc r,vcdc.liDg pr.occssjoD
[72], e r,r,cavirrg shop [7.S1, tlrc
hur)tcr's rctur-11, plausiblc doqs, a rllegnificcnt c.lvxlcxdc
lgil.
_ _Throueh
renlpcr-enrcrlt or trrinirrg he u,as eblc to lcld soructhiug ol.
clelic-ecy :rnd u,ir to a style rvhich sccnrcd alwxys ro n-or.k agli:rsr tltcsc
qu:rlitics. His skill as r peittcr xs well es drrLrEllrsrniur iudicarcs hi's svnrplthy
u,ith thc idiom ofrccl 6gu:-c, elcl 1vc curch his spirit nrorc clcrrlt, in thc u,qr.k
of verious rccl figr.rrc cup pnirrtcl s therr in othc: bleck 1igure ertists. Hrs sorr
Klcophradcs m:rdc pots Ibr-nvo ofrhc fincst rcd 6gur.e rr.;jsts of circ, ca11l, 6ftlr
ccDtury.
ExrKtAS AND (lRoup E
'(iroup E . . . is r larsc and comp;rcr
laroup which is vcry cioscly rcletccl to thc
wolk of thc painter Exckias, though c,rrlicr . . . tl-rlrr rcarij. :tll tl.rc, vlscs
assisned to hirlr . . . (lroup E is rhc soil lrorn witich rhc ert ofE_rckirs
sprinus,
thc traditiou rru,hich on his rvry fronr finc crlftsrDlD to trtrc arrist hc ubsorbs
ind tr:Lrlsccnds'. Thus llcazlcy lncl ir his firsr eccotrnl ofthc gxrup hc lclclcd
'Most oidrcsc'vascs rvill lrc by orrc hrnd,. Thc rr.tisr or etists
d.s".u.ou
:rttcntioD xrrd sontc rcspcct, motc thitD wc rlre1,uaturel1y:lcco].d alt illr()lty_
rl)olrs qroup, si11cc thcir.u,ork lcircls t)ot oltly ro Exckias but llso rcprL,scltts
x
conscious brcrk r",ith \\,h:rt rvc rruy rcgard as thc,Lydiul,trrclitioi ofthc
jJo's. lt is cxlrcssccl irl sltitpcs - thc clonrinancc of thc bcllv rllphor.ir
ar1cl
cnrcyllcncc. of Typc A (rnosr Ll,clen bclly :rnrpholac lr-c poor.ercli iet.),
thc
rot:rl lbxDdonnrcnt of ovoicl ncck lmpholac and (alnrosi toreJ) ofcolunrt
cratcrs, y)lne ncw'spcci:ll'ncck eruphorac, an apptrcllf l:rck ofiltcrcsr rn
.rrrrll r r,u. I,rcLr... purr,d rr,ro,r1, L,.,r.. ,rl,..,rrly .iL.1r.rr(
1oo1 p,,rrL.r
lh c ,jruu p) b.'[orr. ]rc r.c,rlnrscd rs a p:Linrcr, so hc rrrlr, havc conui[rL,t"d t.,
Lr
thc pottins traditior) ofrhc groltp ur iir c.rrlirr t..,rr. Lrut,.,,,rc rcgrrd this:rs
bis crrlicst surviving paintcd u,ork a1so. Thc figrrrc srylc of(irouj E
lq,r_901,
rviti'r no enimll vascs, lrcks thc, rnonunrcrrtali4,ofExciies or cvc,, Ly.lor,
rhc mytholosv c:ru bc vcrv rcpctitivc
tlrxr)),ofHcr.klcs u,ith Ccrl,on or.rhc "n.l
Lion, or T'hcscus with thc Minotrur) but rrrorc paintcr.s ofrhc scconcl helfof
lhc ccntuly fbllorv the iced of cltis srorrp encl Exeki:rs than ofLydos or tltc
Anusis Plillcr. It is possiblc thur Exrkr.rr' ullor t.lr(.1. irr rhc hr\rory of.
Athc'ui:rn black fiqnrc is duc rs much to his pottiue ls his peiltirs.
Wc h.rr c
notcd his carlv potiue alrcadv l96l and hc riqu, ..rrr" trr,. liir.r1r.
pottcr, for x Littlc Mastcr to piint. Wc can sce"1r,r lrorn his pottcr sig[irturcs ti]itt ",
hc rray hlvc bccn rcsponsiblc lor thc clrl1, clcvclopmcrt of ihc Type A
ctrp ll o4l end Type A bclly eruphora bis vlscs, r ool is oycr Co cnr. higir
I ; 1c
j6
?
I
1 !\ lr,r\rrr\rn((11 tlrL r.rlir,r.rtrr\riii llrL, ,r rL,r \LIL,,,r'r,tr.r',I,,,,r'rt,,I
Lr lrrrrr lrd;l;.rn(l llcl,()rrc(l Lrttl( Nl.r\l(,,,r1)\i,,, ,)IL(r\I('IrrIrrL llr(' r.llllrc
(lr,rlit\ ol tlris lvor I' is lcrrr.rll.rl,l,. l:rorr tlrc:lrort lrst rrl lrrs srgrrcti ;rrrtl
',,1
r r rl,r rtt tl vusc: u c c.r n \cc thrl llr w()rkc(l Lrotlr orr pltr rrr P ncr'k ,r rrrplrortc lrrd
rl,, Abcll),lrufhor-rc(rxtl)crth;rrrthcst;ur11;rrtll;r'llyrnrphor:tofGloupE),
r,l .rr orrc crlrnplc o1_clrclt llc sillrls :Ls both pottcr :1nd peirrtct, tnctricirll,v
lr..cki:rs cgrrphsc k:r'iroicsc rtrc'. His orhcr plintilg rvc'ktrorv frorn onc
I bcllv rrrrphorr onl1., l Panlthcneic lro6l, l dinos lio.u l, r plxis:rnd
',lLr,rr
I r1! ()l_trvo firncrerv plltcluc scrics lIo5l.
I lr\ dcbt to drc traditior ofGroup E is dc'monstratcd bv shapcs, olrlltlrrcnt
, stvlc. The neck anrphorxe in particular xrc Pr'oviclcd u,ith a vlricty of
',1
i,,rrr'r', bud xlrd cvcn ll;rlel friczcs on thcir lower ,,vllls lttd shoul-
,1, r: lr1, 97-t]. The unclcrhandle scrolls arc Lu)plrrllelcd lor thcir incssc.
\\rlrcrc Croup E usullly has irtcrl:rces of lotus and palnlcttc in thc olclcr
.rrrncr, Exckias hts chrirs (rvith hoop links not rcndrils), a1ld xllhough or
'r
,,rrc side of :ur carly xr)rphora thc'pelnlettcs heve close set lclvcs Iq7], on thc
(,r( ofhis wolk thc lcavcs scpxrete and rrc xlwxys 6rrc1y drlrvtr, sonlc'tirDu\
rrcrn:llcly colollrcd. In nrxlrv ofthcsc rcspccts Anirsis wes coDscrvuli\L',
rrlrcrc Exckias skinlpcd rlothing encl pilnncd cvcry dctril. His rvork es e
l,.rn)tcr (hc plob:rblv pottcd lar longt'r) fal]s in thc thircl qLrtrtcr of thc sixth
, rrtLlry, starting hter thln Alrasis, olrt oft()Llch with Lyclos, atrd at thr'crrd
nrrkillg Do corlccssion to rcd figlrrc altholrgh thc first ofthc rcd figr:rc rrrirtr
\\ orks in his manlrcr. Frolrr his rendcl ir)q ofdreper)' wc scc that thc splal rng.
rhrcc dirncnsional folds erc lcrv ro thc v:lse painter'[9E]. Hi\ trcetrlrcnt of
tlrcrn is confideDt, Dol yct 1r)ll1111clcd. Thc devclopnrcrrr of tlrc stylc ofa
l)crfcctionist is lcss cxs,v to obscrvc th:lrr rnight bc inrlgincd :rnd it rlry rvcll be
rhlt his ectivc peinring occupicd firr fcrvct vcnls then rlrilrlv htvc thotrght
sa,v 54 j to 5lo. Ar)d did such dD artist \\,ork oDly ;1 thc poftcr-s qu:rr-tcr ? Wc
rrright Jook to rlre kouros, Murlich r69,orcvc11thcnr;rrkcriirrKroisos'15:nvc.
1r ft is cast ro drvcll on dctlils of lris rvork, thc crrc hc levishccl on nrrncs,
rl-morrr, onlilnrcnt {;ool, :rld indccd thcrc :rrc firv uho could nr.ttch his
precisioD rnd dratLghtsnrenship. But tltc lullmark of his stvlc is e ncer
stxrucsquc dignity ufiich brings vtsc p:rinting t'or thc flrst tirnc closc to
...rrIrrg.r pl-,,. r..r rrr.,j,'r .rrr. Illr' i. rr,r., r)rrll,'r,'f.iz..r pr,'pnrri,'rr.
llthough both pley their part, for his sccncs ofactioll erc composccl rvidr
originality and vcrvc-
l-{is originelirl, eppcers iD lrlxrly lbrlns. Hc blcaks Athcrrien colrvcrrtiorr to
let his Dionysos seil across thc wholc e1)rptv intcrior ofa clrp [-ro1], prcpercd
\\,ith:r warnr'corel rcd'b:rckqr-ound llld dccoratcd outsidc \\,ith thc cl-rssii
cycs - both pcrlr:rps his o\\'D irlvcrltioD. Hc is tlrr'first to scr prinrcd ships
sailing rrrouucl thc illtcr rinl ofa dinos lro-:1. Hcrocs and horscs flrrrrrrtr-y.rit t r'l
(r,vho equally dcscrvc, end oltcr erc givcrl, nrmcs) welk likc thoroughbrcrls
through a crlft devoted too long to \\,orkrnanlikc dccoratioll lrrrd oltcD rr.lrv('
57
 stor\. tcllins. For thc first tirre thc grrpiric rrrist caD chxllcngc his pocr
cortcnlpolaries, al)d on sinrihr grounds ofobscr.,,etion alld fcelilg. T]tc lltcI
ofctrlicl xrtists erc, at bcst, clegent ptrppcts. Anasis could r". r,r",,
"r,,,.r,.
Exekias cotrld scc iris nrcn ls qods lnd in !his he Eives Lrs x fbretestc ofciilssical
:rrts. Felv ofllis mythologicll sccncs folkr,,r, cstrblishc,d petcrns rvhilc soruc scr
rcrv fashiotrs. For A.jlx's srricide Ir ot I wc hrvc thc broodirg prcpemtion in a
corlvclltion rvhich rvill not yct :ldnrit facie) cxprcssiou bcl,ond a firrrorvccl
brou, and nor thc bloodv;rpaletr)cr1t, thc ntonrcnt ofnrtxinturn actron
bclovccl oI Arc]reic lrt. His Arhcnians rrorrrn Iro5] r,virh thc digniry of
011 mpi.urs. His u elrior-s lncl vounq nrcrr rvjrh thcir purcnts Frorrris2lr,irl, cvc,rr
I ).r[]cs! lurd this sLlggcsts I llortlit foI llrc cllss eirotlr o:.iLrst bciirlc s(ro'
rvhcn idcnti6cd rs divinc (as rhc I)ioskourroi with Lc,cll ancl T,1.rrdi."nrj,
hunran, cvcrld:ry scer)c, widl that xwercrcss ofthc divinc in hrrnrar thougl.rt ".t "
rnd action u,hich thc chssicrl elti\t \\,xs to codifv lbr-thc tntdition ofrvcsccrlr
rrr. All rl,t. \\... t)(\\ rn rl)( lr.,t .ur\ 1..t,(1.
Little Masters and other cup painters
Succcssftrl nriniarrrrist rvork in thc black ligtrrc rcchniquc hld bccn thc
hullmerk ofthc bcst (iorrnthiar ;rair.rrilg ofrhe scvc,nth ccDrurY B c. I11 Athclls
thc Silna crrp p:lil)tcl_s wcrc:rt rhcir bc\r ,.r,hr:l thcrr tigrtr,:s orcrrprecl fhc
irighcst ev:rililble 6cJc1, on thc ovcrlep cups, btrt thcir rivals lnd succcssors, thc
Litllc Mestcls, rcDounced lhc ovcrlep and conccntretccl thcir figLlrc rvork in
drc n:rr-rorv lrit'zcs of lip or hendlc zoDc, or1 shapcs of l ncu, clcg;rucc:rnd
dclicrc,v. Vcry li'rv Sirne ClLrp l)aiutcrs r,,,crc rlso Littlc Mlstcrs:rrrciit rves firr
irltists likc Kleirits to iDrloc]ttce rhc llcw styic i:t, it scclus, nc\\, poftcr,s srLldios.
1hc_tcnciency to ir)alcasc drc hclqht ofrhc loot or cups rves tppercnt in thc
bhck cups ofothcr prrts ofCircccc, lncl in rhc, dccorlrc,d bllck fiurrrc crrps of
East (lrcc'cc errd Lrconi:r, brrr thcir lips ilre sct o1l'srill iu tht- ur,rr,,r". oi,rldcr.
skyphoi. In Athcrs somc carly nrcrryrhought cLrps hacl hieh ti,ct
[37], rnci lor
thc lips thc pottcrs sousht olhcr sohrtionj, rvhilc thc ptinrcrs iuiccssiirllv
nrilstcrcd the rnirilrrrrist srvlc rvhich suired thcsc lcrv shrpcs. Fcu, rvc:-c
rccognislbly thc pailltcls ofhrgcr vascs llso, alrhorrgh nlost ()flhc besr pot
pxintcrs illso dccor:ltcd e ti-,,v cups. Stylistic co:rrp:uison bctn c,c,n the big ;urcl
rlrr ,rrr.rli i. n"l.r,\^ r\.,. .. W.. lr.,r, nr.rr\ \lqnrlltr!.\,,r litrl.. M.r.t.r,
bcclusc thc inscripriol) sontetirlrcs for n)L.d urirrrpuir.urtclrnrL.rtrrrhL,,vcrlil
clcsigr, cspcciellv oflip cups. Mosr rrc oirhc ,cpoicscn' r\.pc. fhc
Potir)g i\
()ftclr cven bcttcr rhl11 the peintiDq, so dtis is not surprisirrg, but rhcl clo Ior
help trs to idcntilv biesel u,orks p:rirrrcd b1,tfic srlic urriir. Iftherci erc uot
tuorc siglted 1:rrgcr virscs it nliry Ltc th:lt the siq]rlttnrcs dicl Iot (or rlicl ot Yc)
havc thc rclvcrtisinq vlluc th;rc sonrc lud letcr. Wc sh;rll look fir.st et rhrpcs
:lud dccorarion. thcn:tr rrri\t\ ol'thc ultitr scrics, finirlll clcrivcd rvpcs.
Cono(rs (ltrps I I otl lrc thc' cerlicst enc] lnrotrg thc srtrallcst. Thc: srreighr
lip is bhck, clc:rrlv markccl oil fronr thc bocly. Ihc hendle zoric has a linc rrcar
.ll
i r r,,1,(lowcrrhluor1 lllost SjirtlaLr:111d oficn cer its b.rse. lllc lirot rsLrlr tlr'
',, rr.. but glo*,ing,:lrrd with clccort livc hoo Ps bcrlcil tlr. rllrrl, rrrsr,l, tlr,r, 't
l,,1Lrr c tonclo cdgccl wirh torlllucs, llso likc thc Si:rnrrs, ;rrrci olit rr ,r i st r i "l
r
L r,l ,rr thc botorrr ofthc liP. Lr fht thc rtt;rrn dilii':cncc frolrr lhc Si.rrr'rs t' rrr
t , 'r,,cunc1 thcprofilcofrhclip, arrd cvcn sorllc Sierr:rs hitcl blrrck lips. l(lertr.ri
r, ,1 l:r-gotirrros colltbor;rtcd on tltc tlittltc piccc oa thc Crotrp, firtrrrrl "r
r,,,riliol) [rodl. Thcir signetttrcs rlrn stI]ii]ht bctrvc'cn drc rlc:lt h:llldlr I).rl-
i r t.s. lDd tlris is thc nol ntxl schcll)c o fdccoliitioll fi)r this clllss :1lld lor thc liP
, l, Ihc srnlc llltists Plodllccd othcr cxitrllplcs, but rlo othcr Lirtlc Masr'.'l'
\L )N r)ri()s siqrls lcvcl el othel s lnd rlso sccllls illl cilrlv sPcci]list iD thc cless. bl1r
,,Llri r (lordiou cul'r sienrturcs (Phr1:ros, Soklcs, pcrhrps Archiklcs) erc ruct on
,,rLrcr Lirtlc Mastcr shapres.
Lrt,Cut,s, rs lt l3l, rcsclttblc thc Ciordiorr ctrps in shrpc, rvrrh :t str:rieht lip
,,,,lcd oll honr rhc bodv, brrt nol et ]D abluPt aDglc. Thc high fccr hevc ir
,rL)xd l']et b:rsc plirtc: lhc lict of most clllicr ctlPs airc hollo\\'collcs ()fcvcll
r lr ickncss. lJrrr rhc urrdcrlool tl cllnlcnt itpPc:r1cd on sorr)c Siitllrs which hrvc
,lLritc broed lcsting illclrs, u,hilc rhc C l)lirtlcr utldc er Iclst onc rvirh I high,
IrLrelv Littlc Mrtstcr loot. fhc figtLrc dccorrlion is on rhc phin 1ip, Lrsurllv
, )nlv onc to thrcc figtrrcs:rl tilc ccrlrl-c oll erc]t sidc, rvhich lncens that it is r:rrc
r,, find u rvholc nrytlt sccrrc in this position, btrt thc lip is oltcn lcfr cnrptl - Thc
lr,rrdlc zonc hrs l liuc nc:rr its top :Ltrd illll()st elu'e,vs:rrl iuscriptit)D tlcl\\'ccn
lr.rndle pllnc cs. Thc inscription rlrry llc a sigtlxltlle, aL ll)olto 'cl)xirc kli
lc[tcrs to n1:]Lc rhc
1,ici tccli' ('h.ri1 rncl dtiuk rhis') or thc likc, or rrorrscnsc
(lcsircd prttcrD. Thctc is e r-esc'rvccl b:rttd Lrrvcl on lhc \1'rll illrci thc lilll li)ot
r.rrcly h:rs ltoops bcuetth. Insiclc tltcrc is of_tcrr a fiqulc t'lrrdo crlgccl tith
tongucs which hevc rvhitc dots bctrvccn drcir rips I I I o- r ]. Outlinc drlu'n
timllc hcrds rlc not tlDc()r1il)ron xs thc lip dccorlttiorl (' hcrcl cups') on rvork
bv Slkonidcs t5l, Hcrnrogcrrcs. ['hlvrros end otl]cr'\; Epirinros h:rs tint r
lr
busts ofdivinitics itr tllis posltiotr, rlso outlirrc dlrrvrr lr.:t t l. llrilitics rcphcc
thc hrrnclic p:rlurcttcs bl rninrills or iigurcs lr.zr l; hrtvc florels on thc lips likc
Sirnls (thcsr' bv Hcr rrroqcrles) I Put flgtrlcs it the hrlucllc zollc, likc olll_ nc\t
chss.
llaNo Cups, ls lroql, hevc bllck, sliglttlt'corrclvc lips rvhich rrrrr into rhc
iinc of tltc bod,r', rurci oftcn r rcd p:rinted fillct xr thejunction ofboclr :rrrd
srenr. Thc- flgulc dccoretiorl ls in rhc harldlc zoDC, olicn bcruccn peltllcrtcs,
.rrd it nor llrxllv fills this liclcl but rIe t' bc ' bricf'. Fcr,r' it.ivc inscripriorrs hcr c;
fi'rv. clccor:rrcrl tonclos rvithin: ii-t :rlc rtll bleck t'ith ir p:rrch wirrdow for
figrrrcs bcnvccn thc hlrdlcs; .trrLl:r vcr-v fcn'big orrcs (Atrdokiclcln) h'rv'
tigurcs on thc Brt r.lrldcltbol. Wc rttight wolldcr wh) t\{ o cup t,vPcs s1l.h xs
rlicsc $,cr.c rlcvclopcd erd so Iong r crulillcd cqr.rallY popuLrr rvilh peirrtcls end
cu\lolDcrs. lhc bl:rr:k iip is rDorc colllfollrblc to thc drirlkcr, bul thc hc.tVy
ridgc bclol thc lip l it[in thc lip cup probeblr' lllcxrrr thll lc\s \\'rrrc wis lost
i9
 bv splesi:irrq. Ilrc ursu.cr rrrrst i)c rhlrt botlt plclscd in
thcir rvr1, bLrr thc lil)
cup nes pr-ob rblv thc nror-c clifficLrlt to rhrorv lnd clcconcc
firlli,.
Lirtlc Mlstcr siglreturcs lrc gcncr:rllv ofpotters but Irilr)ds sotnclirrrcs
sccrrr
to cort-cspdrd. TItcr.c is a strotrg Illllilv itltc-rcst too Ncerchos,
sons TlcsoI
and Ergotclc's; ErEotinros'son Euchcir.os, arcl his qr:rtclsor u,ctc
btrsircss. Wc lrlve noricccl sonrc Litlc Mesrer crrps liy th" -fr.rtin rhc
tlrtec u,i,l
I ,
.rr(l liltcr rrtist but u,ith :r \i/idcr rrrlqe, otlirs rrrrphor:r, (rrr, lrr,lrrr[ .r
lr,,r ,rr.urenrphora),hvdtiec.rndlck-vthoi,oncofwlticlr.rrrrrorrrrtcirlri rrlrr
, r ,Lrirrrl shape. Aucl thc EPITIMos P,trNttr's hc.td rtrps :r, rc,.rll rlr,'
'r
,r,,,, lroc rrraclc bv Kolchos l6d] thlt Bcezley wonclcrc(l rvlrctlrcr tlrt l,rttir
I ,,r Ll not [-rc rcnrovcd frorl Lydos' list.
I lr. r rr lin pcr iocl ofthls serics ofLirtle Mlstcr ctrps rinlst rLlr) fi()ll) j trst .rli( r

ct'rrtury pxintcls irr the last scctiorr and thcrc will [rc, ot]rcrs Doticccl].rt._r.. r ll,rILrit ofthc (lordion cups, about,s60, down to rbout J-lo. Mltrr' ;rrc
Wc
t1tn1 ro\\,'to e t'i'lr- ofthc ntorc clistinqrrishccl spccialists. ,,,r rrnrporiiricsofthcletc: Siltnl ctrps btLf in a clilllrcnt tradition arld gcrrcr-
Tr.rsoN is thc clessic Little Mesrer, no doLlbt pailltcr iurcl pottcr, r lrr othcr alrists. A lttcr stert fbr rhc blnci cLlps is ofter) xssr.rnlccl, brrt thc
und lll,lys
nrnritrg his flthcr, rhc peintcr Ncatchos in ltis siglitrrrcs r\l,( i\.rswcll rootcd in drc prst as thc lip ctLp, lud dlcrc arc sorrlc Peinters of
T.lcson ho
N,.,r, lr.',1.,,iu, rr. Hi, ligrrr....r..rr,rrrll, ,,,,rr,. 1..,,,, i.,,r,l 1,.r,. 1,1, , rps.rncl blrrd cups who .lso pxintcd (iordion ctrps. Thc bancl cup docs
rarlrs, stiss It I r]) both insidc and ,,ur,r.le lro9l..,t.,r.,
Lp.uF\ (nt ur ]. t,t w hi, h Lrc lc.:rvcs ,, rlilrrrc rftcr lbout jlo, brrt no longcr Littlc M:rslcr in ch;rraclcr rs we shllll
plairr). Thcy lrc'cxccurccl dclicetclv rvith ,iru.li .nl.rr., , l)cvcloprrcnt withill thc scrics is llot cesil,v .lctcrrrlirred, bLrt htrldlc' pel-
."tlr". tit.., ,j.r" t
Lvdan, u,ith lll:rny rcpljces ofstock sr-oups. [Jis bapd clps 1r"".]'r1r" "., .hrnlac thc scnlicircular with tigl)t lcives lr ogl, throLlgh lhc llcar
r",,," t 1l cs 6 orrr
schc-ltes.
rr r rrrqlrlar rvith grorving .crrtrc lcel. lr i 51, to drc lxtcsl typt' with scptrxlirrrj
Thc plintcr ofctps sigucd by XlNorr_rs wils it poolct. rrrilt
Jt tjl, arxll]- I,.Lr cs lr rz, r r4]: nclrly the renlac wc scc orr lhc Amasis Pairrtct's v:tscs. ()l)ly
rr ri.q, ,rr s .rr rL tru.rtrrr1] hr\ lrp cLlps r-rrilct- likc
Sien:rs a Ilc"ri"i. ,r,rt",, clr" r ,' rrrost carcfull,v drau'tl 6gLrrcs or the tondo grouPs oliir clcttils ofdra'.viLrs
rnllLrcrrr r. 'gu't
o t rhc (' l,.rirrrr r orr hrs u ork. Hc :rlso rnekcs Lr:.cptible to stylistic enal,vsis. Thc brDd cups tend to bccorrrc fllttcr rvitlr
scvcr_al plrirr, inclucling
barrcl c-ups can ying thc siqrr:rturc onlv. H i_l(MrrcrNrrs
nr.rrk! l.if li1r .
inclurling sornc bcering oLrtiinc fcnr.,lc hr r.i, (herd .Lrlr,., ti*jrrlli"lr, I,rr1, fhcrc are sonrc tclltcd or clcrivatir,t'classcs alld sh:rPcs to collsidcr bcforc
,uy.rn
thc lip,.urd birud cups with chlrior lu.l *,".ri,r, lll:'uclt ,ro.k, l lcrvc thc Littlc Mastcrs. DRooP cuPs lrz6-81 (pronounccd 'dropc', alicr
lr bu, ,u" c
cill]rlot bc sltrc that ol]c xrtist peintcd both troLrps_ lrc scholar rvho lirst stuclicci thcnr) hrvc conclvc bleck lips markcd olf rrrorc
C)thcr hcld clrp xrrists of clisritrcrion arc, jekoniclcs r r ,1.'urly fronr the bocly than Littlc Masrers, x txll stcrrrrrcd tirot with e pJ:ril
,Lvdos);rnd I 5l (rcscnrbline
Phrynos. SaroNror,s Dtily cotllc lrtc ru the scrics'sincc
hc also illlcr:rnd bend, soillctinles {lroovcd, xt thc top lrld r blilck toe. Thcrc ir:l
paints e Typc A cup. Ancurxt.ls, ou thc othl,r hincl, siilrs l,r'oed black bancl rvithin drc hollorv loo!, and in thc bowl e rcscrvcd Lrlrrrcl lo\\'
Iip iup-*.itfr a
bllck lip rcscrrrblinr thc (ior cliou cups, rnd coll;rbor:rrc, " ilor,,,n in thc 1ip errd somerimcs a rcscrvcd ccntrc clisc. Thc constrttctiorr ir
ifro*. iy i,, ,,'.,,p .Lfrn
sisnccl rvitli ' cpoicscn ' by (ilatrkvrc, rrnretincs hcavicr tlun thlt ofthc Littlc Mastcrs. Thc c:rrlicst, f[ol)) aboLtt 5 5o
lrro]._Thir Ls rn cl.r[>or.rrc 1",;:. Ir.".i
with dctrilccl nr,vrh ;ccDcs. 'I'h. Co","ur. t,,rrrrri. r., i.u., 1,H,,*
cu1'r,
ro-judgc 6-onr thcir erave coutcxls with orhcr vlses, hevc all black boclics (r
horscs, ccntaLrrs, slLtyrs, rcrdcrcd rn -r hrr:1,,. rr(r\oLr\ \r) Ic ",fria.
ii"_,"g._ r 1'pc r,vhich lingcrs), but sonrc rdrtrit.r row ofbuds ill thc rcsclvcd hendlc zorlc
lerly clocs rvirhou r heucllc pllnrctrcs_ Thc ()ai<rsno.rr. t ari.ir.,itr,Zi. likc blnd cups. Fronr aboul j4o rhc wholc body !"1o.t thc lip is LrsLrallv
,rr;gtri.i"r,, ul
bc onc r>fthe_flrcst of'thc spccielist Little Mastcrs rvith .ovclcd wirh decorrtivc berrds lc:rvcs, pliltncltcs, dots, btrcls, rcscrvcd lcxf
trvo ,r,.liiig.*.,t rua
cttps, onc uirh rr)irl)els. rhc ()rh{.r \\rrh l)r(,n\sLrL r.ercr zigzags, rays I i.u.l], l rou, ofsilhoLrctte aDinlals (usuelly upsiclc clorvrr). A fcrv
I r r,!J, .,,,j.,
l,p ,,,1,
clt'corltccloriyr,,,itLirIri9i.C)thcrpr.o,rinc,c.trrisrsrr.,,'t"air.'N,,^^irr,,,r, h:rvc bctrel black flgurc friczcs in thc h:rrdlc zoDe (chariots rlc PoPLrllr), thc
lvhosc,peiurcr. is glrmiouslv proud-ofhis uirrr;rls r zol, .onr moncst bein E thc (lR( )u P ()l RIIor)Es 12264 [l:6], tnd sonrc ofthe bcst bv
I .,"a i r*,.or, l"pr"_
serrccd ltcr-c b; a kanth;u-os
Il::1, I shape rvhich rerc:i1. lound its rvar],,,*rr rir" thcWrrith Prinrcr(cf. li74]).Aliroonos(sonrchavecallcdtl)cnl Antidorlrl
Lictlc M.rsrcr-'s r,vork tablc. cups) a1ld Nikosthcrlcs siqn cxarnplcs, the lbrrtrcr using rhc urldcr-foot lor thc
Thc'rc is e high proporrion of surviving Littlc Mlsrcr iuscliption Ir.27]. I )etails ofthc shapc :urd schcrrlc ofdccolrtiorr :rftcr lrbotrt 5,1o
cups rvhich rcrulrn
tln.lttftbutcd. ld rrc,o iicr r o fq,,.,d (lrrtlit\,. JLISt :ts Sorlt(, ,,raj,r. .r.tirts likc arc so closc to thosc ofbhck fieure Laconian cups (rvhich lrc llso dccor:rrcd
tlrc
Anr.r\l\ l,.1rrrgr rls,r tlu.or:rri:.1 .r ti.u l,ittlc M:rsrcr cups, rvithin) rhrt drcrc i)ust bc somc connectiol- Thc Laconiln typc n'ith thcsc
so srirnrc Litrlc Mestcr
h.Lnds..rrr bc detrereJ rrr lJrS(r \llscs..Ihc pnrvtros
Ir.rrrrrtrr is eu c,erJy dctails is csrrblished by ebout 55o o1-soor rftcr. Thc L)roop clrps probrbl,v
( \.llrl.lL. l..r]rllr)q ,rr ...,,.,.11,.rrr rrrd Lrrl,nr..lrl,.
r,p irr I ,,rJo,r t/.,11. |lr,l r),..rr o\\,c iothirlq to thc Lalconixll in shapc, tltottgh both nray o\\'c solllclhing ro
rrrr.rll,,rrrLph.,r,rc Ii-.-1]. intlrLdrnu.,,nrs plsnlp
*iA\ ..,lr,,rrr',fr";. thc colllrnon Eest (lrc'ek bl;ick cups u'hosc illlltlcncc jn Athcns rvc h:rvc
rrl( irrlrrKr\ ( r {\\' lou(rr_, rrrh..r,....r,.n1. llr,. ".,,rrrplcs,
lrrrrnr .l,rrrr'r observccl llrcld-v. Thc Iltcr etrd rllosr co111Ilon schcrnc ofdecorttiott tirr thc
r, 1r,.1..,
6o 6l
 I )r r rop t rr p rD,r !
tiolrr Lxcol)ie, l]o\vcVcr-. A thcr)i:rn pxintcrs incl p()ttcr\
rlr'r rVc
T I
\\ crc nc\:cr itb()vc lcilrniDq fiortr potcntitl I ivtls. (;l tv(, c()rltcxfs
fot_ thL_ lltcst
J)r'oop ctrps brinq thcln clorvr to about j ro, but sollc .,l,irh bl:rck bodics
.pPcu'cr'c, lrlcr, arcl thcrc is t,vcn :r, c-rxnlplc \\,itlr H:Liirrorir, clccoratio, ol.
rhc sccond quilrtcr ofrhc fltih ccnrur.r,.
(lA\sri. (iuls, hltvc :r r.lthcr fi.,t. b-,r,J .ur1. ,h.t1,c
-rnd rrr srrrcreliy.
srrrrll lr;ol. Borh lip errci bod1. rrc Lrsuellv cnr,..cd *.ith sirlplc
beucis. I ongrrcs it thc lip urrLl r:l) s ;rbor,,c thc usull Lirtic M:r'slcr'
irtter-nc.l
ftrot rs ,r
corrnol schcnrc, lrd I fi.,,r udcl silhoucffc liqurcs in thc hanclic zonc_ All
ucrc probirblv urdc in e short per-iocl u,ithil thc llsr thirtl,
l.cers ofrhc srxth
ccrrtLlt\', but tltc'schcrnc'of thc dccorxtiorr clcrives fiolt Siln,t cLrt,s. r.rtJrer
thrrl Littlc Mesrcrs, ;rrrcl thcrc is .r l,rte \i-rn L cup rn Wiirzburrg
Littlc Mestcr fbor, Crsscl roDsucs on rhc lip end ,ruo.l :r,,i,rr"1 llol r,r.ith :r
i.i"r". tu
clc rorrsllxtc thc :lllccstrV.
. l)ccPcl clrinkilq vcssels, .on-cspondirls to rhc skyphoi of Corinrhierr
shlpc in thc I{orrrlsr (iroup, rvcr-c.rlso rrrlJc Lri.s,r,,r. Lirtl" Mlstcr potcrs.
Thc fincsr irrc thc HlrM()cENi AN sK \ r,uor, r,, i rlr elrlic.rrc rv.Llls, . hvhtlf l]lrring
lip eucl io',r'lierins lbor, orvilq norhin:j h) L L,rilf[ Tlr.r .,,...].l..r.rrccl likc
blnd ctrps lrJ t l. lJANDsr(yl,Horlrcsirrrilrr:lt.l.c,,r.,rudbur.r,.s.1rr rrtur, rvith
scp:tretc.-or)crrvc lips (1ikc blncl cups) al)d fi,er likc sorltc cYc cLrpil
i 1: l. Thcr
rrc lcss distinquishccl end pr.obubli evor lxtcr.rlrrrr thc urain r;.,.l"rl
nif_irJ.
Mustcrs: nonc :rrc sigrcd. Artrrsis lrrdc ard clccorated e skvphos rclatcd
to
thusc slt.rpts.but \^ rrh .r r.rll fL;urc fi.iczc, rnd I(nlrovr,Nls nricic onc- u,irh thc
h.Ir(l .up 5rh!.Drr r,fder.,r.,trorr bLrt rcsplcDdc|t u,itb sp;rcccl rccl lincs iD anc{
otrt, lncl idlritilq I tondo \\'irhirr li3.1i. Lrdcccl, i, spirc,rfth" ficilc cetc
qorisation of cup shepcs.rcccptc,d Lrl,schole:-s, thcrc is ,,vcitlth
e ofirclivrdrrll
irvcrtion encl v;rriatiou ol) thc stock scltcntcs: hr.trrids too to confitsc thc
hnrilv rrccs .jrrst ls thc C l)i1inrcr. hrd to dccor-ltri it Si:rnil cup rvirh I Little
Mlsrcr firot, so Hcr-nroqencs.rnd Anrrsis nreclc lip cups rvith I Sianl tbor.
Other pot painters and Nikosthenes
Wc hlvc elr cad v lookccl rt thc wor k oisoru c puintcrs rvlro rnev havc snt
in ci-rc
surr]c stlrdioi :ls thc grcil t ir.tists ol.this pcrjod _ Lvdos, A trrsis,
Exckil]j. Thcr.c
erc othcrs, nol or)l\'conlnlittcd to dccoreting thc largct vlscs (rrstrnlly
bclly
ernphorrc), uho echicvccl sorrc distirclion ,rnd nr,ry iluinr sonrc,or.iginalir)i,
eltltough ovcrshedor.r,cd bv rhcir.coDtcnrporrricr; ,rc c,r,, stLrclli 1-q.,1,.-
",,d
first tirrrc rhc opc-r-etiou oil rlljor workslrop, th;rt ofNikoschcncs. rviro sal,
to it rhet a nrrrjoritt ofrhc vescs hc rrr:rrkctccl borc his uarrc.
Fint, sontc paintcrs who irc c(rltcntfor-u.rL.j of (iroLtp E bLrr ,.1rrit .rtircr
intcrcst\ :tnd sonrc indivirir.ralitl. 'l'hc irernc vesc of thc l),\rNTr,R ()r.
lrrE
Va tLi:aN Moulr.rrn It34] shorvs :r woltrxD still)ding ovcr rirc bodv
of e dcld
lren, Iricl out crrclirlll on br anchcs in -r rr ,...1i.rn.1 s..ftrrrq, ,ulr., .- ti,. r...s
"..
rrrorcofthcsccncthun\\'clr-cusccltosccinqor(irtcl,r,rrrs \lrr rrrr,.
'1.,1
l, r rrr in qricf , nliscs e corllcr- llr li( s.rs iIr'1,rr r,. L.
()ihcr dlcss to hcr cf c\ : r
,, ,' 'rrippcdfiorrhir:tundluid.tsiclc'. lltcrliuoftrrrrtlcis,rllr'.rrlr,lrrt.rrrt.
r , i rlrr is Eos u ith Mcmnou, thc urtist rlirl bcrhinkingilllt.rtlr ol lrlr rrLrrrr
I l, r' L thotrghriirl if sorrrctinrcs irnprccisc eftist. Thc l',rrir r r ri ( )r lir rr rN
r, ., r'r nl()r-c acxdcnric wilh a srrbjecr rellge xrld stylc closcr t() rlr()!( (il
r , ,,r l, li. Irvo ofrhc vxscs I show arc rtypicelly original u,irh r secrrlir L l r 15 i
1 lr\ niuuc vasc) iind a dancc of rnurumcts plilyjnlj clvllicrs lr;7], tlrcrr
,,'Lrrtr,itrttrybcnotcd,inthcoldkonrrstclress.ThcknL'etrc:rblcrsonlr.;61
, , L,L)\'crlrioDel crlough blrt thc strg is. surprisirlg lovc !!ift.
t )i ll)c irrrrrcdiate sLlccessor s tllc ['RrN(ir] r ()N l'ArN r[r [] Jt-i 4ol is leprcscD
,r r L ot scvclal wh()sc \\,ork on bcllv lncl ncck lurphorac ofthc usurl l:rtcr
\ r L (y occupies the thircl cluartcr ofthc sixth ci:'rltur-). ]'hey turrl or.lt thc
,,, I nrotiii r,.,,idr slight origirr:tl vrri:rtions, end show rw:lrclrcss rethcr thrl)
' r,l( rrtirnding of ncw dcvelopmerlts, as in thc rcprcscllretioll of dr:rpcr,v,
1,, rLL'r' r'crdcrcd by en Excki:rs. Yct thcrc is sonrcthing of thc nrestcr on I r,1o]
, r lr its clrcful florals and sratucsqlrc 6gurcs- ln m:uly rcspccrs rhcsc rvorks
, ,.rlLl rhc cxluusrion ofblnck tignrc as:r nlljor srylc ofvxsc p:rirrririr end it
r [, s rhc invcrrrion of r-cd 6gu:c, a]rout J.lo, to qivc e ncrv lclsc oflifi'to drc
, , lrricltLc. Mcenu.hilc thcy cnhlncc ouI k olvlcdgc ofAthcr)ixn trcitlllcr)l of
r\ rll. -fhc l)Arr* rHns (ll MuNrcH r.+ro |,1r ]rrrd Vl'rtc:aN j6j cirn solllctirrcs
r\(' to bcttcr work, br.rt this is :rn lrcl firr thc conroisscur_ of irttlibuti,,u,
I , r:Lrnllirics arc hirrd to crxsp and drc futurc of Athcrlian vxsc printilrg lx),
\\ Llll othcl-s.
'I-hc SwrN(; Parurtn
[14:-6] st:rnds olrt in this crorvd tirr rhc nunrbcr of
r.rscs rvhich c:rn bc:rtributcd to hinl, r,,,hich rnay rcllcct thc clsc rvith rvhich
lrr: henci can bc rcc<)glliscd r:rrhcr thxr) his irrdostry. Hc is rrot r good p:rir)tcr,
rol r corscious corncdixrr, although his pllcid 6!.rrrcs rvirh thcir bis hcecls,
t.rshior:rbly tiny noscs, rlrd oftcn clcrchcd tlsts, brirg e snrilc to onr 1ips. Hc
,r olkcd rnairly fronr ebout jrto to J20, r'vith a goocl mnqc of ryth sccrcs, e
Lrnicluc Hcr:iklcs rud l3trsiris { r 431, errd sonrc odditics likc rucr on stilts | 7 4+]
.rrd clorncstic occasiol)s ilrcludill!i the sr,vingirrg n,hich givcs hirrr his
r.rrnc lr4:]. Hc c:tn usc colour skilftllly firr drcss p:rttcrrs. His corrrpositious
()n thc lrtcr v:rscs rvhich arc of rhc led figrrre pcriod, nlxy bcconrc ilvolvcd,
bur gcrrcr:rlIy thcy:rrc prosricrlll,sinrplc lnd his st1,lc, ucvcr vcl,v prc(rsc,
..rsilv beconles carcless. Prccision is not ln csscnti:rl queliry ir rlt, bot rt r\
oftcrr irr Grcck irt, rnd cspccixllv in bllck figurc.
Paiutcrs oi snrrllcr vases, other rhrrr cup p:rinters, :recd not dctain us, but
thc progrcss ofthc lckl thos sh:rpc end its clccoretion is worth attcntion. Thc
oirl ' Deirnira ' shapc persisted, espccirl),r, thc ' sub-l)cierrirr' rvhich hrs e short
r)cck bciow its cLrp-likc lip. Thc I)u,ltros l)AINr r.tr, rlerrrcd fbr thc cloilk shilr c(l
b,v rrvo rvonrcn on scvcrrl ofhis vilscs l r4Tl, peirts irr plrrcls ir lr goocl stl,lcol'
thc 54os;erd littlc lrtcr rhcrc is thc 1]r.^cKNr,cK Clrr\ss (sclf-cxp litlliltor ), of
63
 srrirll j(.k\thoi dcc()rirrcd \\'ith sprightly if carclcss 6gLrrcs, aqairr il pal
cls { l7 t]. l}Lrt tlte fioulclcr ickythos is tlte dortrinrnt typJ by u,r*, its slr,rul,i.,
bccorring Hltter end brotdc'r givirq ,r.r.. u..r,."1_ lor rhu bocly
l' l( It lr(. "u.Lr.t
Thc sinnarurc of Nrros lHrxrs is thc conuuorcst of :rll ir bl:rck fisurc:
rl\'lys rvith ' cpoicscrr ' end u ith scvcrel cli6irent h;rncls srrpplr,in!I rhc 6'qrir_c
work, so ile rvas clcarlv x poftcl.or pottcry owncr,
;,.irrrriil1, 6yra, ii-ranr", ,,,
judgc t'ronr thc c()lrlnlor queiity ofinvcnrivencss displavcd bv most of his
shlpes. Thc rarrgc ofhis prodlrcts u.rs erlr)rjlroLls!.rnd rlrc orrqureilry oi his
work celr []e girugcdlrom thc'Drrlr:bcr o[]ris rr orks . td i..rru ri, u hr.h havc
comc to bc' callcd 'Nikosrircnic'. Lt ctrps alonc, rvc havc lip cups, brnd cups
(oucc collrborltinq rvirh Auaklcs and onc plinrcd firr hirn t
l"ju9, t l,.,r,rp
cups etrcl cyr.cups :l l),pe wc llevc vct to clcscritrc ancl whiih " brinqs us wcll
into drc r cd 6gurc pcr iod. Sonrc ofthc cy.c crps hrvc r ler sc, spcciel, sp1.r r,,rr
r
Lrot platc (Nikosthcnic). This sug5;csts th:Lt his srtrclio *,"i f.,r,,, ,,r.,,,
elicr thc nrid ccntur-\' Lultil nclr 5 r o, u,hcn thc pottcr plrmphaios ".ti,r" tilkcs ()vc[,
cnrplol,ing nrorc r.ccl figurc irtisrs. 'l'hc .Nikosthcric
thc most
clistinctivc producr ofthc studio Ir.19, t 5ol. Its brord flat"urplr,r.",is
hnndles lnd ensuler
bodv, which slirrrs as tinrc passcs, inritlrc I shapc nrtivc to Etruriil and
c\ccuted rhcrc in a pilin bilck rvlrc (bLrcchcro) with, rt thc bcst, stanrpccl
dccoration.'lhc black figurc vcrsion m:rdc in Athcns rv:rs clcerll,elr cxp()rt
nroclel ancl is I furrhcr irclicarion of Nikosthcncs, lleir tbr bLrsincss encl
ddvcytisctDcrlt Alntost evcr) sitrqlc cxettpic with a rccordcd provcniclcc
$,ls foulld iD (llcrc, tvhile I Dr:rjority ofhis othcr vases N,cnt ro Vulci- an
ocld
distribution rcflcftins loc;rl tastcs in Eh.rrrir, anci somc ctcclit to Nikosthcncs,
egents. Thc ligtr rc clccor;1tio11 nt ir v ovct-lap lll th rcc bod ztrr
v cs un ticlily I r J o],
or bc clisposcd in friczcs lr49i, s.nrc rnirrrll or florel, irilc thc hencllJs coLrlcl
elso cirly figtrrcs and the spllr.ing iip had a dccorelivc bancl t,ithin.
Nikosthcncs' obscrvatiorr of lorciqn shapcs docs not cncl rvith rhc rnrphor:r.
The kyarhos-dippcr (scc liTrl) $,es aD;thcr Etruscen shlpc borror,r.'cd fbr
Atlr.rrrrr ol.. k 6-.,,, 111',.l1l1,.pr,,b.rLrl) rrrr,,tlrrcrd..rnnh, Lrri,r,t.L,.,.k,r,ro
rht Arircni.rrr rcpLrror\ rhu [.urc]) Corinrhien skyphos shrpe (riqnc.l uudc,
tlr! t,,,,r) .lrdphiJlri,.lr(..r\r(nrIr,,nzcshapc.Thcsc]Lrrtspla].ilgli.crofcups
rrrdc iu r (lheiciclian colony il ftaiy;rrc copied (s"cp. io7,';r761). Thc
'Nikosthcrricpvxis', r,ith Ile ng bocly encl dorrrcd li<l islcs..J.tal,ri1,lo,r",rf
his iDv c:rtio s (lt 5.11 ; krr :r cornplcrc cxanrplc scc
l:671). Hc sieDs (or1 rhc top
ofthc lip) onc ofthe crr.licsr c-unrplc\ \)f., p,ykr.._.o.,i". r
i i+ l. H. nr.,,, hrvc
intr-odLrccd thc Ltsc of the 'Six rcchnJqLrr' tor nr.r;,rr j".t,,1-,t,.,,
.,t u",,.:l
(scc l-;o9l .rnd p. r 7ll), encl hc uas rrrong rhc 6rsr to use e ,"vhicc
groLrnd tot
111"1\-f1Sy1." dccorirrion fiuus bi his pritrtcr ofLorrvtc F r r7).
C)f Niko.sthc-ncs'stefl peiritcrs, latcr than his potrint f,-ri Lr,dos (,r barrcl
cup l7o] end bclly lrnphor:r) thc llMN parN.r rn is thc bcsr, :rncl probablr
thc
cxrlicst silcc I Sixna clrp elcl sontr, Littlc Mestcrs (onc, :r lip cup signccl
by
I I ,,.r r( nc\) hevc bccn essignecl to his hlnd. To hirrr u,( rr'( rll rrr\1.(l rrr,,\l ( i I
, I r)( lllrr-r.r-R()PII()N ()-Ass' arnphorac, u,ith thcir Pltrrrrp ll,ilris, , Lrrlr
l,L , , \ rrd opcn dccoration Ir5z] (l3ellerophorr xtle.ks thc (llrirrr,rlr.L ir,,rrr
rl,, , lrLr sirlc' of tlrc vase). l)arNrlt N sccrtls to h:rvc cltolltrrl .rll tlr,
lll,,. !r.rric ilrDphorrc [rqg, t5o), sorrc k,vlthoi ard cups lt5l], .rrr,l tlr,
I r,, r;ll,lndifNikosrhcncshimsclfcvcruscdabrushthcsc nr.rr' tre lrir.
, r lr .t thc 53o's end j:,o's. Thc puintini5 oflllgcr fislrres is conlpctrnt. r,l
rr l, llqrrrcsdull,somctitDcssiopp)1conlirlqcloscronr:lssprrrclLrctiorr IIii
rl, \ (.rr bc perticular-ly Lrngainly. Visiting rrtists wcrc bcttcr, urcltrr-lirrg
l',,,'. brrr thc bcst of rhcru paintcd rccl figurc Okos, Epiktctos, thc
L , ,\ll).ncs l)lintcr thc term inherltcd bv Plrrrphaios elong r,,,irh urost of
L, . rrIc iDnovatiolrs.
,,.rllr, tno highly inclividLral nrlnncrists. Txlr AI,r,ti(r'IER (r. 54o to 5:o)
,1, ,,r.rtcs ovoid rrcck rnlphoritc of rethcl old 1:rshioncd appcarurrcr', sotrrc
1, ',rrl;,iroracincludingthe:rerv'I',vPcCrvithlrollcdlip lr 56], end srrrlllcr
' , ,. llis figures hlvc rirly heeds, rvell upholstcrcd bodics rvhcu drcssc'cl, bul
,r Lrl.rl erd spikr.rvhcn urrdrcsscd: thcy arc casiil rccogniscd lt55 7]. llis
I LLr( nl uolk is curcful a d es odd in irs proportioDs es his 6gurcs, rvith rvclJ
, Lrnq littlc palmcrrcs lt thc cnd oalong thin tend: iJs, skituty btLt rvcll f<rrmccl
l, ,Lr ses rnd a rrsh oftiny rcd end white dots ell ovcr- clothing.
-['hc p.ttctrir]!;
, i llorrls is close to thrt of sorne Easr (lrcck bllck Frgr-rrc studios (Clazortrc-
rrr. the Northanrpton (iroup) ind irl i pcriod whcn so ttrLrch clsc oalonl.lrl
,,1 rtil sccnls to hilvc bcclr illroduccd in Athenlan art irr sculpturc:rnd
L ,lritccturc \\:e probxbl,v oLrllht to look lor influcncc in thc vesc paintirrg
\ I rlor instenccs ofcopying rrc unlikcly end ir is nrorc likc noticing Arrr,,ri-
risrrs in current E:rqlish usegc. Thc Afii-ctcr is r srvlist es rro othcr, and thc
,,rtcntofhisfillulcs.cr)cscor)acrDshinrlitrlc.Prssivcclockr.r,olkcldcrsstrDd
r(l gcsticulirre pointlcssl,v u,hilc rncrr lccosl youths or :r Hcrnrcs flutlers
l,tti)rc e scatcd Zcus lr 551. It is:r rnekc-bciicvc worlcl, illd if tlrc Arhcrti-rrr
r.rdition hrd nor beeu to put figurcs on pot\ thc Aliictcl rlight h;rvc provcd
r outstiuldirlg and origillili cxponcnt oi Archeic art notrvcru. His letcst
rrpholr('hxvc florr]s, not 6gurcs or thc ncck [157] xrld or]c oftllcrtr w;rs
l,.rintcd fol Jriru bl rn attist oftllc sros, u,hich hclps plrcc his rathcr cltrsivc
'rr Ic. Hc u,es possibl) 1 pottcr-p.iDtcr.
'fhc otlrcr nrerncrist was crllccl ELBows Ou r' (r.
55o to -53o) by Bclzlcy for
llrc cxeggerited gcstur_cs arld enetolny of his dancitrg figurcs- His tteck
.nr)pl)orac erc oflr specia) sh:rpc rvith heavl,ovoicl boclics, slirn flaring r-rccks,
'prcacling
fcct end fl:rt hrrndlcs usually decorltcd with a irurcl b.rnd It 5 d]. Tlrc
shrprc:r;rv ou,c sonrethinq to bronzc xlnphorac. Hc ofltcrs scveral ftiezcs orr
thcsc v:rscs, bnt is also a Littlc Mastcr, irnd dccorrted scvcrel barrd cups t,hcrc
r hc animels :rre norc car)onical, recalling Tlcson or L),.los. Thcy apPcer llsc,
on thc l,vdiorr Ir59], onc of thc lerc Athcni:ru jmitltions of lhc LydirD
lirrie interestc'cl in [ryth thc Allcctcr, [rorc
l)crflrnlc v:tsc shapc. Hc is es as
()5
 ?
intcrcstcd in lovc-nrekiug. Thc stvlc is r:rorc virrorously appcelinq too, rno).c
'nornral', u,ith scdation rcntovcd. lloth artists cilrl rcctll Am:rscen 6gurcs, brrt
not thc typic:rllv Anrascan oDcs, arrd coDncctions bctwcc thc tltrcc lrc- e:rsily
exeggcrxtcd, cvcn thollgh thc:e is sliglrt c'videncc thet thev n)xv havc sxt
togcthcr for pottcrs crrly irl thcir ciuecr w']lor plinting sholrldcr lekyth,.,r.

61 1i,i(,r,r! d /n,., Ji(,r\l hy L'tda:. Cir tortrthl

oa , A)li i, rtl e i
(t.1., Col nndn\hyLylo!. ItuR,t",aI H,:llrdinoJ. H.J6 j

la rd44H

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t lt Lit t t) hy li ()rltlir
l\1iikt. Srtlt r l tn ndd

r:-r (d,rktuJ l,), ,,. stli,'J

]\ti nt. Iktr[h\ li.tht'

rrd /j,u,il.iil ii(,.,/ /)), N.d,1tur

t)j Lit)dql,ytht Pht)\trs l\lutttt. 1)1. 1: tlr'l)iihil lrr.,r r. ri, i t h, lttt)rltrttutt rl'
H0nklt! !o ()ly trt
 Btlly r tpho ht tlk, I,ht)) o\ t\littttt- a:ruti't.,]. Lt. Jo

Bclly onphon by tht Tdl(iit\ Pni td. Lt',i(rnr( \,0,r/,

1,7 Dr,\,p nry \i.t tl l,l

12E Dhil tut- H. 1t 5

tr9 l\ala Cn\\'l.tt. H- t1 5

i,6 Dn\, t t)l tlt (;h\\) ol Rltoth.\ l rr6t_ /1Nn:. o,1tit1y H rJ

 rJo a-'djJr1ft|. //. d J

1tI H.mnq1.a lkpha\

11.9 6

tI t lrll), anphan l,y th(

t ttrt( olth! Vdtud Maintu
,, tu n\t). Eos nan \

rJr.r,: Sq1,/r.J Ji(,,r d 1,1

135 ts.lry d ryhord by th(

Paintu ol Boiin 1686 ( dnt
uds!). Sdtifue ta Ath1a
 I

t ]b 13tl1t o ryhoft bt th. Pri t( ol ts.rtis 16u6. O\it 1.r

r|| t lI) d \nn"L LI th ]\i .tra Pdi tu.Z.r!htli)ttlkBi'tII ol Atht r(?)
1JZ ts.llt r ryho l by th Prinlu ol lttl.tn 16E6. a:h.tts at .K ilhti | ) titlltn ryhn'dI'yttu ]+itrnton hn o.Hunkl(tittot
 I

) t ll,lly rntho'o by ttu Sti ! ]\titt.t.

/ I iiJ li/^ BlJniJ

t! N(kd 1lntutuhlththntro. I\rnn(. Corl: unyLl IILLT:,Aylt,,

i 1 l lly t \lvd hy tht Svnll Pnnttu'

tat B.lltdnthatullyt. A) hy ttu t).itt(,ll Mr iLh rt) B.lly r ryhott b)'th. S?itt,J Pri k\ 115.1 1\ lhodn nhtlthor.l,I r/r. srfnr(
tI1a. Q"ri.ll"q h ).5pdt(1 P,Lrik1.IIt tt ntul Atltuu.II- 15
11t.2 l\u lunit . [f tht Stri !: pri]n,t. Vi.to,
r 50 Nil.vr.ri. ir,/lrri ly lra"n( N (()nt14)
+)lptu
,/ , \ikJrnlii. .,4fi,r, l,t l)dn,ld N f7l,idlrJ
rtr). srtl^ n l h \1rl\- Il. J, 8 (irlt). ll/dtrr . otk iro,r.. t/. Jd 's

tq6 NLtk attpltota Ly tht 5","ry PdiDt4. Tritrrtoro\. 15, N,t[ tktphora o] ttu Brl]o'olnttt Cl,s hy rlt,
/Ji/N l1ri,k'r f,d,r. rdj. ol ()lr\\). 'th (:hilrrt ),t
i17 1\id nd ltlythr: by tltr t)h.1i\ t\ti It. .,t rr, (-'r,/ ji(,.d /,1 Nilo\t11(r'\, hl Pnntu N W.,a
ttt 1)tir tu 1t l:ytho\ ol th( 13ltt/qkrk Ct,^\ II. ja l
 .r:sffi!=:i,F.-d_.-E- -."--,
* ., ,,5.t. 'dl:i.' ' '. 5-6e4,Laa)ttr

rJ.r NildJrr.,i. trlrli jiq,r/ hl, NiildJrrr,.J. C.il\ n ()|yryfl\ vnh rhr,lLLi l .tlu riLo,,tl i5t. 1

Ri,&

t 56 B(lly n ryhotut ( t tlt (:) by ttu AlltLt(

Il _16.5
r J,r , I']J),Itrr ri(,./ rI Nikr!h1, ltl
P,,n,/.r N. ,dr./,,o1c-ol, d,.l Cn,rr.', rrr Nrrl ar+liom l,r,riti llli,1tt. Ztt'
dnl Haiti- I I. ti'i!
'/4,.7 F' ?Q T
Chapter Five

THE AGE OF RED FIGURE

,, r1 ilol](i,rrlorcProb:rblvc:rrlicrrhlrni'rtcr,rhcrcdligurctccllllitlu' "f
I , ,,, u.r. ,,rr.,rt"d in Arhcrrs rtn<l thc first rrtist to prlcllsc it rcglrler-lv
rv'rs

r, t,,,l,,kid", l'.rirrtcr. Hc nlso r,r'orkcd irr bl:ick tigurc, sorrrctirrcs or1 tllc
, r.Lrc *,ith thc rrcrv rcchlliqlrc, rncl othcr clr-l,v rccl figur-c printcrs rlrrr
etlrectcrl to
1,, ,,'.1 thcse 'bilingtl:r1s'. Not lll rhc tlcst pirirltcl-s \\icrc lrow rvhlch
.,',.. Ihc rcchni.1,.tc inrrocluccd lrclr lllcthods oidrlr'vinq rvcr c
. ',Ll br artirts con,,rrirrcd lo rhc old slylc trrd rvhich infltrcrrccd.rhcir
Untll rbout joo lhcrr wcrc ir..onrplishcd ;rrrists still rvorking in bllt k
' ,,rr1\', so |rr as rvc cenjtrclgc, u ith lt fcrv tlsillg both tcchrltltrcs' erltl it is
, l Lrr k rvc- cortsirlcl irl this chllptcr. Ilrrr l'c hevc first to look et thc ncn'
157 Nik dali."t by ltu Alli.tt. I ttttu, rt L Lr quc tojud!ac whltit coulcloflcrtothcold Thc ellict I 6l-zl
r is thc ] cYclsc
. ,,,1,,tiu. lf bl,rck ligrtrc. Thc frgnrcs rrc clltr'rar in otrrlinc rrrrl lcfi irr thc
ri." Nrl i,rtr,.rd,t l,//,rir() .It t. i , ,,,I,rut.,rf th. c1.ry u'hilc lhc b:rckglotrnd \vls fiintcd ell.bleck Thir
L \\ thcrnirrtotlrorcvividrclicfrhlrrbhckfiglrrc lrclidrlottllekcthcDl'lrtv
t59 Iyd,,t i lht Lr k\ d Lll,rt\ () tt.9
L rrlsv to rlistillgtlisll in ovcrlrtpprnq conrpositiolls, erld rllc blrck figtrrc
t:
i
L.t s incrc:rsinq irircrcst irl tllcsc nllv bc rc:rd rts:r r-cil'rioD lliill11st lhc I))()1c
,r,sque srvlc.'lr rvls, horvcvcr, Jrtgcl,v vitilrecl bY I r{ccrctsng Lrsc of
,1,,1,r, rvhicir h;r,:l helpcd (lifii'r'cDlilrtc clrcsscd fiqurcs bclilrc':rrrcl this ruel'
'( vrmcthill!a to rcd flqu:c. Withrll rhc outlrlrc figurt-s tlcteils rvcrc dleu'tl
,,1, tl,. b.udi. iurd not ilrcisccl $,'ith thc qrevcr. Thc c;rrlv rcd figtrrc rrrists
rrsc sotttc aolottr on thcir figlllcs brrt it is soon lrblllclonccl iil
I tuorc
,r l,lc linc:rr', ' bl:rck errd rvhitc', cllict u'hich srtitccl thc
ncrT ' techrrirltrc bcttcr

, , ,r thc c,lct. Gonc, ior irrstltrcc, is rhc olcl colotrr dilii'tcrrtirtio of r''x'
lrorrgh rhcrc is sotrtr'crpcritlrcnttl !rsc of lvhltc qroLrlld bY thc-ArltLrkldr:s
,rrtci rnd I):tscls. Thc lrsc'ofr blush elso gevc thc oppor-rtrrrirl fi>r diflcrcllt
rplr.rsrs i:r rhc lirrc 11r;rr'virrg, fiortr rhc cnsp bl:rck
'rclicf linc'to tlilutc
,,,.r,-..,i..,.",1 strokcs uhich thc cvc ber-el,v c:rtchcs' ln this.rl:r1'difiircnt
r '.turcs oiclr,rpc, y ,rl-stlcllgth ()fboclY llloclcllirlg cotllcl bc rcrrclcrcd ln hl'rr k
rtLrrc lhc tclttPt];iorl wls l; usc !hc qrxver likc a brush u'ith.lightcl'.scr-rrtchv
,,,,k"s ,ru rncl drlpctl l'hcrc rll bctilc rvrs cxplicit :rntl pr''' it' '
"u,ti,,rr,1
ulso.'rrcourrgc.l nlorc clctl,ilc.l rrrrd rcirlistic trcelrnerrt oflrte[otrrr
Lrc btttsh
Lirri lttcrrtiorr to dcpictiotl ofpostulc. CoPv lhis lrcw rc:rlisnl on
blltck tigtrtr's
,Lrtl thc rcsult is btiL,nd t,-, srrt}cr b-r'cc,rrrp,rrison u'ith thc nrorc lili likc rc'l'
r()j
'/4,.7 F' ?Q T
Chapter Five

THE AGE OF RED FIGURE

,, r1 ilol](i,rrlorcProb:rblvc:rrlicrrhlrni'rtcr,rhcrcdligurctccllllitlu' "f
I , ,,, u.r. ,,rr.,rt"d in Arhcrrs rtn<l thc first rrtist to prlcllsc it rcglrler-lv
rv'rs

r, t,,,l,,kid", l'.rirrtcr. Hc nlso r,r'orkcd irr bl:ick tigurc, sorrrctirrcs or1 tllc
, r.Lrc *,ith thc rrcrv rcchlliqlrc, rncl othcr clr-l,v rccl figur-c printcrs rlrrr
etlrectcrl to
1,, ,,'.1 thcse 'bilingtl:r1s'. Not lll rhc tlcst pirirltcl-s \\icrc lrow rvhlch
.,',.. Ihc rcchni.1,.tc inrrocluccd lrclr lllcthods oidrlr'vinq rvcr c
. ',Ll br artirts con,,rrirrcd lo rhc old slylc trrd rvhich infltrcrrccd.rhcir
Untll rbout joo lhcrr wcrc ir..onrplishcd ;rrrists still rvorking in bllt k
' ,,rr1\', so |rr as rvc cenjtrclgc, u ith lt fcrv tlsillg both tcchrltltrcs' erltl it is
, l Lrr k rvc- cortsirlcl irl this chllptcr. Ilrrr l'c hevc first to look et thc ncn'
157 Nik dali."t by ltu Alli.tt. I ttttu, rt L Lr quc tojud!ac whltit coulcloflcrtothcold Thc ellict I 6l-zl
r is thc ] cYclsc
. ,,,1,,tiu. lf bl,rck ligrtrc. Thc frgnrcs rrc clltr'rar in otrrlinc rrrrl lcfi irr thc
ri." Nrl i,rtr,.rd,t l,//,rir() .It t. i , ,,,I,rut.,rf th. c1.ry u'hilc lhc b:rckglotrnd \vls fiintcd ell.bleck Thir
L \\ thcrnirrtotlrorcvividrclicfrhlrrbhckfiglrrc lrclidrlottllekcthcDl'lrtv
t59 Iyd,,t i lht Lr k\ d Lll,rt\ () tt.9
L rrlsv to rlistillgtlisll in ovcrlrtpprnq conrpositiolls, erld rllc blrck figtrrc
t:
i
L.t s incrc:rsinq irircrcst irl tllcsc nllv bc rc:rd rts:r r-cil'rioD lliill11st lhc I))()1c
,r,sque srvlc.'lr rvls, horvcvcr, Jrtgcl,v vitilrecl bY I r{ccrctsng Lrsc of
,1,,1,r, rvhicir h;r,:l helpcd (lifii'r'cDlilrtc clrcsscd fiqurcs bclilrc':rrrcl this ruel'
'( vrmcthill!a to rcd flqu:c. Withrll rhc outlrlrc figurt-s tlcteils rvcrc dleu'tl
,,1, tl,. b.udi. iurd not ilrcisccl $,'ith thc qrevcr. Thc c;rrlv rcd figtrrc rrrists
rrsc sotttc aolottr on thcir figlllcs brrt it is soon lrblllclonccl iil
I tuorc
,r l,lc linc:rr', ' bl:rck errd rvhitc', cllict u'hich srtitccl thc
ncrT ' techrrirltrc bcttcr

, , ,r thc c,lct. Gonc, ior irrstltrcc, is rhc olcl colotrr dilii'tcrrtirtio of r''x'
lrorrgh rhcrc is sotrtr'crpcritlrcnttl !rsc of lvhltc qroLrlld bY thc-ArltLrkldr:s
,rrtci rnd I):tscls. Thc lrsc'ofr blush elso gevc thc oppor-rtrrrirl fi>r diflcrcllt
rplr.rsrs i:r rhc lirrc 11r;rr'virrg, fiortr rhc cnsp bl:rck
'rclicf linc'to tlilutc
,,,.r,-..,i..,.",1 strokcs uhich thc cvc ber-el,v c:rtchcs' ln this.rl:r1'difiircnt
r '.turcs oiclr,rpc, y ,rl-stlcllgth ()fboclY llloclcllirlg cotllcl bc rcrrclcrcd ln hl'rr k
rtLrrc lhc tclttPt];iorl wls l; usc !hc qrxver likc a brush u'ith.lightcl'.scr-rrtchv
,,,,k"s ,ru rncl drlpctl l'hcrc rll bctilc rvrs cxplicit :rntl pr''' it' '
"u,ti,,rr,1
ulso.'rrcourrgc.l nlorc clctl,ilc.l rrrrd rcirlistic trcelrnerrt oflrte[otrrr
Lrc btttsh
Lirri lttcrrtiorr to dcpictiotl ofpostulc. CoPv lhis lrcw rc:rlisnl on
blltck tigtrtr's
,Lrtl thc rcsult is btiL,nd t,-, srrt}cr b-r'cc,rrrp,rrison u'ith thc nrorc lili likc rc'l'
r()j
 'l hcsc ,r rc tlrc l.rr tors ,"vhich pllycd on thc work
of thc black figure artists wc lltltnrlrrists I
hrvc yct to discrrss, uncl it nrust bc rcnrcmbcrcd that from nou) o,, thc
1r.,,,r,.
(nre lrirrr(l rlrr'
luchicvcrr:cnLs vesc plilting 1ie clscwherc.
of Athcnilrn lr1, ,,1 rlrr v11scs signcd by tl-rc pottcr Aldokides arc by
Tltc shrpcs u,hich occu1ry thc artists now arc gcncrally dillercnt and wc \rr,,,r rr,r s t'.rrNrr:i1l 6o-61. All arc rcd figure but onc, ir cuP irr l)xlclrrr()' r\
York hirs ir
carr ot-rscrvc nrorc spccialisation and clearcr distinction bctwccn thc crrp lrrll l,l.r, l' ligurc a bilinguel, and thc rcd 6gurc arnphora ill-Ncw
pxirltcrs and thc pot paintcrs. Thc belly amphora is falling from favtrLrr., 6gurc eld bilirrlltrrtls c:rrr l)c
i,t, 1 i,,,,',.ii*hir" g..,.,",td) lip. Othcr rcd vascs
c'xcept lbr son)c of Type A. Thc neck enphora is thc coilmoncst anlph()r,t ,,,, ,t,,,,,1,1 t,, tlri, lc worrlcl sccnr rc:rsoneble to suppose th:1t orrly orrc ,rirrt
shapc arrd thc schcrnc of clecoratioll is soon stcrc-oryped, u,irh floral on tlrc ".tiit. tbc techDiquc, but Bcazlcy changcd his nlind twi(t
., r , ,r,,lvcrl, whatcver
ncck and a f,rir1y sirnpic palmcttc cross bcneath the handles, asllg6]..I.lrc rl,,,rrr tlris:rncl in thc cnd prefcrrcd to ettibute thc black figurc
work to a

hydria is far morc popular: shouldercd now, so thxt therc is a s(,pxrrtc , , ,,,t1 .r tist, thc Lysippidcs Paintcr. Thcre is a clcar gencral co[grucnce of
shouldcr scenc and for a while a predcill bclow the nrain scenc, aslrgol, ,, l, ,',,1 cxrit .on-rpari.o,,s ofdctail bctwcc:r thc techniqucs is not
figuring enimals, horsemcn or a hunt, rarcly myth. Later (after thc A[tirrcn(,s "lrirough gonc out of his w:ry to vary-dt:tail
,l',,',,.'t",sucliafineartistili€ihthrve
Painter) thcre is only a fforal herc. Red figure plurls, w irh bl.rr k b.rckgrouncls, ,,,,f ,,,,,p,rrl,ion cvctl when thJ sccnes on a singlc vasc wcrc supcr6cially
rccluircd decorative borders to sct them oIf froll1 the black body oithc vrsc r,l,l , Lr ll- so hc was very thorough on sorrlc vascs hrdeed, it looks as rhough
and thc schemc is copicd on black 6gurc vascs. Thc Littlc Masters givc pl:r.c r1,,,,,,,r1,.1 hevc bccn the artist's intcntion, sincc the problcm ariscs nost
to cups ofTypc A the eyc cups, as Ir 73], whilc tbe dceper skyphoi iome irrrr: ,, irr,l\ Ir6l] and not with n)any ofthc attributcd xll-
w,ilh soluc bilinguals
fashion,rs Ir,ir-z]. Thc lckythoi now acquirc rhei, frrrrili", iyli,,d.icrl .h"p. l,l ,, l. lLqurc and all-rcd-"6gure vascs wherc thc work ofa singlc herrd is rnorc
btrr the full range oflatc biack figurc lekythoi, togcrher wirh tirc ncw serics ol. ,1,,, r f,:-31. So the Ando"kidcs Paintcr did pair.rt black frgurc ancl it is diflicult
oinochoai and somc new shapcs likc rhe rrrrt6rd 611p5 1p" r,ot ch.r r-rctcristic ol' ,, , , .,1,. ,lr" conclusion that hc and the Lysippides Printcr
arc one and thc
the bcst biack figurc ofthc late sixth ccntury, and will be considcred in a latcr " painted onl y red figurc' 'in' c
.,r',, lt is at any rate quite inconccivable that h e
chaptcr. lr, ,(t'nrs to b" orr"'of thc 6rst, if not thc fiISt prxctitioncr in the ncw
and
Thc drlwing convcntiorls arc unaltered but, following thc lead of rccl ,,,1,,,,.1t,", which u'xs obviously invented by a skilful black figure artist'
figurc artists, thc atatontical dctail ofnakcd bodies is bettcriendcred. and thc r,,,r t,riinstence, a distinguished muralist (ifthere werc such spccialist$ 'in'-'r
tyr:f frop frontal chest to profilc hip is achievcd with nerr plausibility by r,,,r,r ,lcrails antl patterni arc borrowcd straight from black figurc So
somc
shifting the stomach pattcrn to onc side. For three-cluartcr vicws ofobjucts ,,t lrl bleck figurc vascs could be carlier than thc red figure or bilinguals
We
rhc combiuation of frorrr aud profile can lead to soine odd cllects, as witlr , ,,,',,,, :'"y ,."iily *hich, but somc of tbc amphorac with 6gures whi''h hAvc
shiclds, but clcmcntary forcshortcning is menagcd aorl this is all better l t was aln ost as though Exckias
L,rrt,,,rnioutlincincisiorrmaygohcreIr65]
observed_ il rcd figurc. Drapery pattcrns arc simpler and thcre is gencrally less lr,,l t.rkelr uP his brush xgain but in another mxn's workshop' and ii i\
colour addcd, buc thc arrangcrncnt offolds with zigzag edges is iow norrnal. 11,
,.,llv .rg.'e..1th"t the A;dokides Painter was Exekias' Ptrpil Certainly the
,,,
Thc ncck flomis now havc tJrin lotuses, palrncttes with scpaiatc leavcs, and lc,ss ,, ,,l,riu,i ir'th. ,"rr", so whxt xrc thc dillercnces? ln dctails they arc too llrcat
:urd lcss addcd colorr. The reliol'linc ofthick black paint standiDg up boldly r,,,Llorvidcntification Ornamcntis much the same and son-re firvourite sccoes
fronr thc vasc surfacc had bccn uscd sirrcc thc, mid cer,t.r.y in bJr.:k fig.,." t., .r, rcpcxted il1 mrrch thc serne manncr Ajax and Achillcs piaying' Hcrekles
separatc tongues in decor:rtivc friezcs x[d for spears or sccptrcs_ It conlcs Lnto .,,,,1 li..be.o.' Hcrakles is a particr-rlar favourite as can bejudged fron the
its own now for outlincs and cmphatic dctaiJ in red figurc but has a reduccd rllLr.tntions choscn hcrc. Sonre sccncs still carry an Exckien dignity but
rolc ifanything in black figurc. Outline incision for black figurc secrrs almost r , Lrcrelly the compositions arc looser and iDvenlion, thorgh
llot lacking' is
a countcrput to the corltour rclief linc. It lrad been uscd before but it rs ,u t ritti"rrt. fh" precision is conrp'rr'rble brrt bctonres slr'kcr in rh' biack
intcresting to noticc'how it bcconrr.s comn-ron agein especially on thc work of ',,,, is in a way morc oIExeklrrr conlposrnon ln lhc rccl rlJ]urc
lrrtLrc, and tl-rerc
bilinguists likc'rhe Andokidcs Paintcr and psiax. It helps dcfine thc fisurcs .',r'k,'b,.tt hc.c cor't,p"risorrs bccotttc cven morc dilfrcult lt is intcrcstille to
whcrc the background is a rich rcd, arr intcnsity ofcolour lost through timc r , )t i.c that DlosI o f thc bilinguals are b y rlo nrc'tns thc carlicst ofhis vases'
aud cle:riring, and dclibcratcly tollcd down by thc photogrilpher. 'ihc black figurc work oithc Andokides Paintcr ind ofartists closc to hin)
Lrucrrs or,r".f ,rnpl-ro,"", bulll .rrnphorac of thc ncw TyPe A' which
har:l

,,,,r'iLrtu lr..n irrrrodtrced by Exckias, cyc cr.rps and hydriac Thc Masros
l'rrn rrt, i. ol tlrl. grurrp. rrJnrcd irTlrr rlre brc"tt-'h-P'd ' rrp l/o7l'
l04 ro5
 ,, Is]roP s'cr c: esPollsibie lor 1lln) ' iurd thc ltrtlsts rvlr. tli ( I)r'rl(
(I!LrL lr I Lrl' '
l':t,,rr I r0,r'-r 7r I I,,rirrtrrl ;r bililcLrrl urnphore lbr the pottcr Anclokidcs, 'r
prrctltioncrs of rhc rrcu' tcr lrrrrrlrr' I lr' ' rLl'
brrt rvc rlct lrir, rr,rrrrr. frortr r\\,() rcd flgLlc v.lses_ Bclzley thourghc hc rnigltt ,,, , ,,r,r'u,.g rhc v.'ry 6r,cst
srncc it w:rs il)vcrrlcd lirr bl rr I' lrrlrrr' rrr'l
huvc bccrr :r prrpil ol_rhc Arnrsis l)eintcr and rhcrc it 1l1his work sonlcrhirij (,1 r 1,,, ho\\'cvcr, lllLlst occtlP-v us
thc dciic;rtc prcttir)css which tlliLt arlist sollletirltcs exprcsscd, btrt it is rtrorc
'\{ ao1lr1lorll)'
rLl SO dCCOfetcd
l)()\!Lrisrr)1" li' I
brittlc, lcss r-obrrst. l lc sccnrs rrluch afccted b1, rcd ligure ercl lrc uscs rvuvv I hc t,srrrl veriety,Type A, es I r 7-7, l7E, I'911, hrs 't shrll()\\
lincs ftr fol<ls not to cnrphxsisc blrt ro wclkcn thc sriH-ctli,ct it was difficLrlt ro , , LrD. n.,t oBscr lil'cihc Lrrtl. Mrstcrs Thc fool is short lrrtl slrlr\irrrl tr rtlr
avoid in black 6sure. Fivc 6nc platcs stLr vive, pirin bur ibr sirrrplc end usrrally
',',,,,,
l.li,rq"trl,"tup.trrrr.rllr.r 1'l'trnblurrttoclikcthcLittlcMlstcrs'bLrttIrL'
singlc black fiqurc srlbjccrs at thcjr ccrtrc! [r691. Hc hlcl rlrc iustint ofe I ,l,,ru.irrl" rvithrliirc loot is pairrtccl bllck A lcss coutrnon shePc irr bIr' k
rop of tllc toc
rr)iniirtr.lrist rltd orl lris l]rgcr vrscs (Dcck :ll]]phorec, h\'clrixc, c;rl\.x cnttcrs etrcl r rc is fypc Il, u'ith e c(nltintlous culvc fro1l1 thc IiP orlto thc
lmphorec of'fypc A rhc l:rst bcinrj biiinlu.rJr) his irgurcs i.rr k rrrbrr.rrrcc but ,, n";l). iic l,,tc.io.,t "tc oltcn clccoratcd l'ith:r figurc in l totrclo' rron
crn bc crrjol cd ir dcllil. Mosr ofllis urork plobebl1 bclones to dre yc;rrs fionr I ,lrng e dccoritivc borclcr, ancl :l vcl-\' (:()l1l1l1()n devicc is I gorq()llcioll'
,rLr,,rrr < ,. tu (..rr iow. thc ttsurl rrlarlncr \\'ith ell oullirlc, llot bl:rck figurc ircc' brLr thclc
1,, ',1.*i;, (brrr
A corrtc'uporerv rlso e platc peintcr rnd closc to psiil\ irr stylc wrs ,,, ., ti*, c.,ps r.'ith tirll irrslclcs lt5t. t7/ Outsidc' tllc trstr:rl clccorltiorr
Prsrras (irrntctlr kuou,n es tltc Clcrbcrrrs I);rintcr), e fiuc rcd fiqLlr.(, iirtist \\,llo fol thc letcr cxrntplcs) is I pair oflrrgc cvcs on c'ilhcr
,,,,, i,ru".i"Lri"
"rp..iallv (;rcck vrscs in drc scvcrrdr
usccl thc'olclcr tcchniquc hrr sotrrc dcdicrtorv pl:lqlrcs loLltrd olr thc ArhunteD ,r. Lr"i*.^.r tl,.'lr"r'rdi.r' E-vcs hrd lppcricd on
Acropolis. Thcy u,crc prcplrcd rvith e linc rvhitc grourd, eud rli rcprcscnr , I !rtLrrv, ustrlllv ullc:icr archccl heDdlcs lvhich snggcstcd cycbr orvs' erld iu E:rst
Athcnl Il7.ul, sorncrinrcs :Llorrr-. The bJeck ligurc tcchnique r,r,es bcirrg r ;,ccc.: o,t jug lccks, eithcr sidc of thc no\c sporlt' ls wcll rs irr thc c'-ve cuP
rcrrinccl bv his contcmporerics for enothcr treditiouel prodtrct, rhc plnl- n,, liirl"r, u"sc\ which rrc cirrli.r th:rn thc Altic' OD or'rl cLrps thcv :rr c
1,,,'iti,r,
thcnaic vascs, on which sinrilar Arhcna flqLlrcs:rppcar. plsclrs pairrrcd orr norrc i,rt,' 1'r',,vi.l.cl *rrlr (\il\r'L'\\' rrrrl\ rro\t' rrrd tlx lLrll lr'i-1.'r''ri'
,.l
oftllcse so l:Lr.rs wc knorv, btrr bclorc onc ofthc Arhcrrxs on a pllquc hc, siuns ,, t,t tiltrr,. llr('\"r\(''u rlr'rr tl'' lr'rrrd L'1"'k l'lu' 'r''rr'\l tlr( trrrd(rrrrot ''
with r phrrsc rvhich cchocs thc lbrrrrule of thc l)enxlllcnaics ,onc of rhc ,,,ni , ., ,,.i* .,r,,1(([ L)] r drrnk( r's conlplnlorr, rr()t thc drinkcr hinrsclf- lt
' \\'itholll tcxr
printines ofPascrs'. Pcrh:rps hc hed br-cn c{iseppointccl ofan orclcr for thc Lrr.rY bc rr()tc.l th:rt s()r11c cyes erc'fctlr;rlc'- aLllolld-shxpcd
prrze vxscs. ,1,,.1 r. ifr.'"t- a.rv rhc possibility oferr,v friczc corrlposition orr thc vxsc ;urd
c\ cs' or
Ncu, tcchliclucs firr tlciltin!a thc background to figurc dccoration oD viscs rLr{cld rve h:rvc sirlglc 6g,.,rcs or srrrlll grotlPs bct\\'ccn t]ld bcsidc.the
ilppcilr lnorc frcqLlcr)tlv lro\\,. P:rsces used a finc, glossv white or crcetD rr his ..,r.,ri ,r* i,"r.llcsi Tlt.l latt", is thc scircmt', r'vith frghtirrg wrrriols' for thc
plequcs rnd onc phtc, x tcchr)iquc \vhich airpcared by ebout 5:5 lnd is ottcn ,.,rti"r, frn*- cxilmplc of sllndird slilPc E-xckirrs' ltnlolrs cLrp ilr
nsccl on irtcr bleck fierrrc. Ilc sornctirncs usccl a sccond. rvhitcr rvhitc fbr vinc will glolv bcrlcir'h c:rch hrucllc rrrd crccp i:rto thc
nr.,,r"lr fr r+1. Oftcn e
rvolicn's flcsh, btrt on a lvhite qroutrd thc l:rcllcs wcrc bouncl soon to h:rvc ll.ia lr 77 El,rl1don\inrPlurLLrP\thcrtrsjrlrt'r.fl"rr'r'lcri
bieck faccs. Psil-x r.rscs rvhitc grorrnd on othcr.shrpcs alabestre. :r lckythos ,lolphin
"loi,,,a',1"
or simihr "u"s
simplc dcvicc in thr' Posrliorr li To rJrl' H'rrrdlc.prlulcttcs
piatc and kylthos lr7rl. Thc Anclokiclcs l)aintcr hld uscd u4ritc sr.ound ()t iittlc Mistcr typcs erc not nnkuos n, btrt lh(r u Jre (uPS 'rrd rkvphui
oithc
cxpcrirrrcnt:rlly on onc 'rcd figtrc' vasc (as rlocs l)ascrs olrcc! or) ;t rccl figurc rvitb distinctivc flowcrs bencadr *rt'
',, .,tff.'a ep (Flor.rcr-P.rlnrettc)
Cllass
pl:rquc) :rncl lbr a bleck fignrc liiczc on rhc lip of arlorhcr. Exckias hacl lr.rndlcs iud lrcsidc the,rr i ltrce horizontal bllck pelmctrc' srlllllcr riLlc
introducccl thc corrl rcd backqround orr his l)ionysos cup I o4 l)si:rx has it for
{ l. ,,,,r,.,,ir*, .ra scrolls; I1o I oorn aor cves on tilcsc scvcr:Ll fill thc u'holc high
thc rvholc interior of I cup r,,,ith a sinrplc ccntrc piccc I I 7o J uivine cxactly rhe il";.;; 6;;, .ui,l,.,u, "y"' lt7's' rz9, t'eol rhc lou'cr bor'1 is usurlll
dccorrtive cffcct ofhis plarcs. Skythcs, e rcd ligure artist ofrhcsc ycars, uscd it irirJ, *,i,f, r'rcscrncd barrcl, brrt thc eulicr cLrPS oftcrl hrvc rrorc cl.;rbotelc
frrr thc blcksroun.l to black ligrrrcs otrr,idc r..d figurc rLrpr Jnd rt rc ur.cd frrr l,li.lr., ,rfl;r", dots, rvirh elterrrrnrrg btrtk 'rnd r i'id r'Lvs bcl"rr I t 77-El'
irrcils or1 s()rlc plaiD v:tscs of d1c gcicretiotrs bcfrrrc elld aftcr 5oo. ",rdfoot for sonrc l:rrg':r l''ikt lh( llrr r('tirrg trrrfrc'' brrr
if- N;flrrtfr.ri. ''''p"
,pt.,1.r, r.,ittl lr lhitl, trtrnrpct-shrpcJ rr 'rll rlJ rrr'ry bc Jtior'rte'l
hcrr'eth
Cup painters l',z,lr. ,rr tll)ll .r-ll\ cl rl',rr'rlr c\'llrrlrlr \\illl r)ilr( \lr'lu' "rr t I r' L r ' ' r'
rrrr L I I
' t
' '

ir,,ilr". t.,ri"nt \\hr(h rlr.r) hrvc bi'cn devisccl in thc Nikosthcncs-Prrrrr-

is thc'Cu'll t:ttristrr;
Thcrc is arolhcr lergc cl.rss of bilingLral vrscs lvhich nccd not bc srtrcliccl phaios r'r,olkshop, tojttdgc lrotl two sillllcd spccilllcns'
\vith rPl'rrrr.c.ni'r\t ''dgc ll76l' so
1t
closclv hcrc. Thcvlrc cyc ctLps Lrv rcd 6gurc p;rirltcrs lvho put a bleck figurc L:,,n',.ttri.tr h,r,. sl,"ll,rru, hcavy tonr
pictrrrc in the inrcrior torrdo. Nikosrhcnes'It-5r, i 7-;] and p.tmphaios, i"",,,i i,:, ..-'r,p,: . tvpc rrrclc bv Lh.,l.'dr"' Pirtlcr\ rr) S"rrth lrrll"rrrtl
r(]6 taJ
 r(prcsr'rls,r lirrtlrcr.l;scrv;rriorr by this workshop offlrshions in the wcstcrn
rrrarket. l'ltc tlccorrrtion t(x) sonlctitllcs copies Chalcidian, the eycs berng
supplicLl wirlt rroscs;Itrl s:rtyr c:u s, und rll knowD provenicnces lre lcaliaD with
orc grssiblc cxccprior ir Arhcls. Thcv beloug to rhc J2o's_
'flrc prchistoly ofrhcsc shapcs:Lnd somc hybids can uscfully bc disctrssed
beforc trrrling to dctlils ofdccor:rtion or thc works ofplilltcrs and groups.
Therc had bccn cerlicr Attic cups which lackcd tl-rc ollset lip, such as thc rn ore
nclrly hcruisphcrical rnerrythought cups [37]. Tl-re srandard cyc cup shapc
had many variants, cspccially wirh the onc piccc profilc (Type B) of whiclr
thcrc arc cxamplcs painred by Arlasis with the figurc.s bcrween thc cyes,
pxinted in free ficld [84], without lines or peiut on rhe lowclbody or stcnl ol:
thc cup. Thcre arc hybrids too, inciuding Lrtle Mrstcrs wrrJr Typc A Gct.
The WRarrn P,crNrFR, n:rrrled for his rathcr insubstarrtial tlgrucs, pLlt a Littl.:
Mastcr foot on Typc A bodics lt 7ql, md rhcse hc dccoratcd likc thc Droop
cups (which hc also painted). His cornplnion, the PAIN.r.ER or. THE Nr(x)srA
Ot-le Ir75], shows a similar cclectic taste: and thc nvo plintcd both,sub-
L)cianire'and shoulder lckyrhoi. Thcrc are a fcw larcr cups ofaborrt 5oo
(Typc B) with a black top band over thc handic zotrc, so thilt thc schemc is is
for brnd cups, bur the profilc r.rot (comparc IrE4]).
Thc rrrain run ofcerly c1c cups havc ornetc lowcr bodics anc{ thc whites of
tlre eycs are drawn in outline fr 7 j. t 77-6l,ltcr nor-e oftcn bcing fillcd with
whicc or paintcd whitc over-black. Thc carly cups ere rcprcsentc,d by
Nikosthcnes'prodr.rcts lr5r, r73l :rnd a fcw of l.righ queliry by Ir6o], and ir.r
thc rnanncr ofthc Andokides Painrcr, likc the onc with thc funny l.oot Ii 77].
Relatcd is thc inrport:rnr CRoup or, WALTtrRS 48.42 which spccialiscs in lrontal
1[isks ofL)ioDysos Ir Z8], satyr s or nlaenads betwccD the cyes, and gorgo[cia
within. Ofthc sanrc fanrily arc skyphoi ofthc Knororos Group, so callcd for
tirc sallior yellow uscd by rhc piintcrs for somc lninrels and drcsscs. Thcse
skyphoi arc hcevy, dcep vcsscls, witlr shallow concxvc Jips whicl-r r.ay bc
bleck or decorated with e ivy wreadr, and with red and black or rll-bleck
longLres rt the basc. Thc sccnes arc oftcn Dior.rysiac, thcir backgrounds fillcd
with vincs fr6l-zl. Thcy arc lc'ss fincJl, ptrntcd than thc cups arld Dlust bring
us to the cnd of thc sixth cenrury, but tbe group has sonrc inporcant
sLrcccssor-s.
dillcrcnt tradition arc othcr cups and skyphoi nreny ofwhich havc rhc
ln a Iis drawing is not ovcr-precise, but it is never incorrlpctcnt, lnd hc offc'rs
florver end palmcrtc (FP) decoratiou at thc hudles that wc hrvc rlready
dcscribcd. In the (lnoup oF CIouRUNG Cluls wc scc a homosexual courtirrg
couple IrEJ] or I horsct[iu1 betwccn outlincd or. whitc eycs (solrctrrue"
omittcd). Urc's Classr.s or Srypsol Ar AND A2 (a classification dcviscd for
tbe prolific linds at l\hitsona in Boeotia) havc bl.rck lips which cerry a groove
bclorv thc r-olled top, or irrc lrcrclv shallow tnd corrvcx, with undccoratcd
lolvcr rvalis. Thc range of sublecrs is sorrrcwhat greirtcr blrt thc style is still
\\,rctchcd.
r oll
Iir.rlly, thcrc are somc stcrnlcss ctlps of thc lest qtrttlct ol tlrt ,r'rrtLrrr
ILr,r htvc broed, shallorv, torlrs fcct. Thc T()P-rrANl) sttrtttrrssts lr'rr, tlr,
,1,, r,rrrtivc scbenle ofbaDd cr"lps IiE,fl, but with cycs iu thc ]r.rrrrllc zorr, .rrr,l
','rirdinlcswithqorgoneiawithin.ThcSEcM.Nl(lL^sshrvcblrtcktrttrr,rrs,
l,Lrr llrc pictrlrc inside, u,ith or withoul e scgmcntxl sroLrnd linc, fills tlrc t t r1r.
I lrl rLrbjccts arc usr.urily I)ionysiec, the style fair to poor, but thcy ollrr s()rr)c
,,1 l lc lest black figures ofxny sizc, apaft froln thc Panathcnric llrlph()rilc-
lrJsl is a prrticulariy eltboratc cxarnple, with rcd flgurc cycs bclow th('
1,,,rLndlinc.!7eshallsccthatfrornthclatcrsixthcenturyontheskvphoirvill
, r Lr .r.t still somc worthwhile black frgurc dccor atioll, bur by th:tt datc rll thc
,lr.r lLrrv cups ofquality u,crc bcing pairltcd in rcd figurc.
l'he Antimenes Painter and Leagros Group
I lr( rDost prolific ofthc black figrLre paintcrs workins in thc 6rst gcncratioo
,,t rcclfigureisthcANrrMtiNrsPAINTER Ir86 r9o],socelledlronrlkalosrranrc
,,r, ,rnc vtse. Ilcazlcy regardcd hinr ls pcr haps a pupil ofLydos xrld x 'brothcr'
,'t l)rilx, br.rt hc sccrrrs to havc painted no ted figurc xnd to 11avc bccn iittlc
r rllLrcnccd by the ncw tc.hniqLre . Most of his work (somc t io vascs ilrc
.rrributed to hilr) mLrst bcloDg to:rbout 53o to J ro, and appcars (]1) hydrilc
,rtl ncck amphorac, his scherne ofdccolation oD thcsc shapcs b,:ing standard
l,,r this pcriod. He continucs thc tradition of straightforward narrarivc
, rcmplified earlicr by artists of ()roup E, but with a remark:rblc range of
,{ rrrcs. Fcw oftherr Inty bc'his owl) iDvcnlion, but his prcsclltxtion ofthcrll 1s
r,lling and explicit, though vcry fcw arc inscribcd, and the corrpositions are
r L.,rtlv obscrvcd aud sirnplc, rarely with overlapping figurcs cxcept of ncn
rrd horscs or dancing couplcs. Herakles is his cspecial favourite atd we mey
rl\o pick out sorne fbunrain scenes, possibly inspired by Pcisistratid works trr
Arhcns; a mstic scene ofoiive picking ll86] in which, turusually for Clrcck
.]l r, the trees gct solllcthing ncar thcir full valuc; and some borrowinE aronl
( \ c cllps, srich .s colrlpositiorls wifi eyes (rsually whitc l1ow, llot oLltlincd),
,rlrcrr l)ionysiac and inchrding thc frontal irask which charactcriscd thc
.w:rltcrs
, orlcmporary (iroup of 48.42. Psi:Lx docs this oncc loo, ilso on a
rcak amphora.
I
',,rrre
quitc dccailed studies. Thc mass end proportion ofhis fi!!urcs show hinr
ro bc a r-nastcr with thc brush. Hc likcs to 611 the fie1d conrforrably, widl llo
L rlrphrtic masses of colour, and il] thc l)ionysiac scencs wc see now, :Is oD
r.ury cyc cups and skypl-roi, the ivy or vinc cendrils, rvhich, whcthcr hclcl or
r)ot, swccp grxccfirlly around thc figurcs. Hc succccds in dcn)onstratin!l thet,
,lcspitc ncrv dcvcloprrcnts, bl.ck figure cf,n still cllcctively scrvc thc rlccds of
rclixbic coDservative; thc typical black 6gurc pairrtcr.
'rnplc narrltive; a
Hc has nrany follou,et's w-ho workcd in x conparabic stylc on lhc sanc
r09
shrpcs. \()trlc ()l lllcll) :rt Ic.rst ls qood ertists but Donc, !o.judgc l'roDt
.rttribLrtlor)\, ls plolilic lrgr 4]. lhc Ell-SrnEN (iRoup i\ \()rth rrcurionrrr.-.
rr lcirst li)r its:runrc vlsc u,ith cyc sircn\ lt95l rccllling Anresis' colccit Iti.rl,
enclthc(luouprir ToRoNtoJoj [196 71.T|cl]ur;t;rParNrlr ltq,l'lise:rolcicr
rnrn, closcr to thc AndoLidcs PeinLcr. lr,ho soructimcs borrou s l)rn:rthcrr.ri.
colLlrtlrls to frrrnc his sccnes. Thc paintcrs or1 ()ccesi()r) ac1cl I sr:nll :rninrel
friczc to rhcil ncck anrphorrc, Iike thc prcclcll;rs on hyclr-irc. Thcr ;rlso
jrltrocltrce r nc'rv shtpc thc strrl)lros l]gJl.
Thc lest inrportaut llld DLll)crous srou p oflerec I)leck tiijtrrc vxsc-s ttkus tr\
ridc, thc LrA(;uos C;Rour (.. 5:o to 5oo) fronr thc k:rlos narrrc ou flvc of its
hyclri;rc. Arouncl krur- hrrndrcd vases hlvc bccrr lttributccl to it of ,"vhiclr
ucrr'11, hllfarc h vdriac, r'rcerly halfncck rlrlphorre, ll)c rcst unr phor-lc ofothcr
shrpc\, critcrs lncl lck_l'thoi, to nlrDrc thc collrnoncst. Thc hvdri:lc rcscnrblc
rhosc of the Antirncrcs I)eintct, tcndirg to llorc flrriDg iips :rrcl fhrrcr,
broarlcr slrouldcrs l.:o l 61. Thc arriual prcdcll;r l rgol rnd sonrctirrrcs rhu rvv
bordcrs givc pllcc:tou r() l)cilt pillrllcttcs r,r,ith bro.rd btrt scp:rretc lcrr,cs,
rrlerqcd iD rotrrrded scrolls or loops l;o,u-.1.2061, a pettclrr r:rrc liithc:.t, ill
bLrck figurc f66] but u,hich soor bccorucs vcry poprrlar in recl tiqurc. A vcrv
fct Lclilrau h1'driec tollorv rrrc' exrnrplcs lry thc Arrrinrcncs l)ainrcr in
Ilivinq rvhitc-qrolurd nccks. Thc ucck urrphor:rc lrc Antirncnc;ru brrt thc
r)cck floril is i)ccornirrg lcss lrticulrtccl end tlt c Lrtuscs rnorc likc bluck sticks of
(. !r\ rlr.rrr ll.,uur.. ,.,'r, ltoo. )oo).
Thc compositions ofthc frgrr:e sccncs h;rvc a trcrv vigour :urcl cornplcrrtl.
Involved eroups of ovcrlapping 6sr.rrcs lrc ski1lirl1v uren:Lgcd arld rrc only
occirsioDrllY confitsiDg to the cvc bccltr\c tllc iltcision is clclr aucl bold aDd thc
displr) of.rrr:rtollicril clcteil is ntoclcratc. fherc is rcstreilcd usc rtxr ofeddcd
coloLrl whilc drrpc'ry firlcls:urd plttclns erc, if:rnvthiug, less cl:rborrtc thur
rhc Antinrcrrclr although aorrlclnporrr) rt'd figLlrc tlrc Pionccr Cir.ouP -
lcjoiccs irr fblcls, tcxrurc lncl enetorny. Thcsc ertists lcllisc r,r'het is possiblc still
irr thc old tcchliclnc and arc:rblc to Ieducc to rcesonltrlc tcrrlls scvcrxl fiittltrcs
ofthc ncw, rcnder-ins corrplicrtcd firlds or ruusclcs u,ith lcss cxplicit strokcs
(rr.l noticc rhc riny g1c5), bLrr proliring tr-onr ncrvl\. lcer-nt skills in shou rng
nrorc cioclucnt poscs, likc thc rrirc tn,isting figurcs rvith orrc lce tj.ortill, onc
pro6lc. Thc I_rgurcs:lrc lll
hcroic irt ritcir proportious lnd tiatLlcs burll
sqtLilcs bcsicle rhc Artinrcrrc,r I)linrcr's clcrks. Thc punels:rrc elrvevs ftrll u,ith
rlo figurcs or-spxccs l,lscccl. Thus, thc lorcptrrts ofchrriors tle\.culcrijc fl()nt
thc boldcrs of rhc pictrrre if thcir prcscrrcc is rcrlui:c'd [:0,51 lrrcl not only
l)iorrvsilc sccncs rrc lorrnd rvirh thc'ir-conrplcrncnt oftillinq vircs ol tcudrils.
l-:orlis ir qood cxlrrrplc of thc ' in rcn siry ' oi rlrr-r-xrivc uirh thc uction:rnd
titrrrcs ovcrl:rppine thc bordcrs, whcIC il Trojutl tcaltr s:lllics to ttv to rcscltc
Troilos bur is irilccl bv Athcnr, rnd ruuninq up onto thc shorriclcr ofrhc vasc,
whcrc ol !hc batdcrnents ofTrol, lren liqht end dlirrk, a grc1,-bcerd rv:rlchcs,
arrd rvorrcn uccp. Thc two llclds:rrc Iinkcd b) rhc trcc\ spreltcling up lrunr
l ro
,1, 1, ,rrr.rncl thc to11rett's;lrllls ()Lllsttctahcd t() tl)( l rlrr.rllr l', l"rr llr'
!, , l,ll()rr\, lhouglt tlollsctrsc, sccrD l() hcigl]tclt tllt scrrsc ol lrrL:tl,'
',, rLr.rl p:rirrtcrs illtd tllitlor groLlPs havc bccrr tlistrlrqlrrslrc,l \rllrrrr tlrr'
,,, l,LLt thc gcncrlc sinrilrritl is strorrg antl tlris is Lhc idi,rrrr ol rlrt Lrtsr lrlr,l
t , L of tlrccrr,-lofthcsirrhccnttrr\'.TlrcAt;ttlr.rxrsl)AlNllllrlri)n" l/,l,.rrr
1,, .r rglccl out tirr lris robLlstl\' origilr:rl nr)th sccllcs ellri tllc ',,' rt Lrl lris
,, rlr,.is oil,rrvc, s:rcrccl xrtd proirnc [.2 r I ] ; and th c Cirlrusl l)A lN rlil{ li)r rxd ICr
r , ',,Lrr flrrcssc [:i-;1. Thc stiuld srLPPollinla tl]c p;rinlecl lurphore [-:o9] is rrot
r lr, Aclrcloos l)llilltcr l)Lrt bY rrrolllcr arrist rvho appcxr-s to hilvc sPccjitliscd
,,1.,()r.rti,rgthesc.icccssolics.ThcnrcrloDltsccruk)bcfccdirlterldfirl:lillge
,, Anothcr pclikc, Lcrgrrl in per'locl, sho\\'s thc v;r\c shepc ltsciiilr Lrsc l;r'
r oioil l:t-u],endbothsidcsclrrvlcgcrtcls 'C)h ihrhcr Zcrrs, mev I
,1,ril
., r ,rch'. lncl orl thc othcr sidc uith I silnilxr sccrlc, :ln llllltrrllcnt ovcr thc
1r I rq. Thc uppcr pxrt of tltc vxsc ls rcstorccl brrt dtc othcr-siclc \ho\\'s thrt
,r rrrttcs ilpPclrl ovcr thc sccllcs, lsort l:tol.
llcr.rklc'i encl Trrrjerr urc lhc tivour_itcs of thc (iroup, u'itll solllc
scerrcs
rl,lL L rs bcing inr: orlLrccd ft)r thc flrst littlc, othcrs bciuq rcnclcrcd in r llovcl
r r)cr, sorrrctiDlcs otlirirlg vicrvs of hilhcrto igDlrrcd luotllcttts irl i:rtrrilirr
, . s. AlthoLrgh this is r;rthcr in thc spirit ofthc ncrv rccl flgttlc thc sccncs itlc
1,.. rro rucans sirrrplv bolrorvcd furrrt thc rcd fiuurc rcpcttoly lnd thrt it
.iL rllr .r rliflclent, though parlllcl trrclition lilr rll thar L}c.rzlc) obsL'r'vcd lh.
I , Lqlrn ch:rrtctcr ofblack figurc work bv sonlc Lrilirrgtrists (thc Nikoxcuos
,r ,l [ucharidcs P:rinte: s).
Other pot pa inters
llrc Antlmcncs I)eintcl encl thc Lc:rgran tcl_ics 11cc()r.lllt lor e vcrY srrrrll
1,,)poltion of lhc lilrgcI pots, nlrilrlv rlcck arllPhoritc rrrd hvdlirc, w]ridl
Lrvivc tiom thc lrsl thirt,v ycars ofthc \ixth ceDlllr\'. Ootlrloissctrlship,'i
, rrtcrs is nlorc dii{ictrlt in tltis pcriod ofbltck trgurc therr irr erry othcl arrd I
,rrntion hcrc onlr'a lc\\,ofthe trtists xr)d qrouPs, disrirrgLrishcd b1'lSclzlcl-.
I cy nlc choseu lor thcir quelit,l or ii)r' lheir spcciirl irllcr-cst irl soluc ftrrrrs of
Jr
L r.()riltioll or shrtPc\.
Flrst, sornc involving distirrctivc or lcss coDllnolr shlpcs lhc Ot.,lss ot'
( .M. l r li conlpriscs v:rrients of tlrc Nikosthcrljc elrr Phorl l: r 4l in rvhich thc
l,r oilc is slllootl)cr, on)ittilr,l thc :LrlqLrlarity ofthc c:rnonic folr)r el)d
qcDclllly
('okln!i rnorc Cireck. Plttrpheios, Nikosthcllcs'succcssor, lllaclc two to be
|.rir1rcd in rccl figtuc by Okos,;rnd, likc tirc rcel Nikosrhcrrics, thc ouly
(l:Lcre, so thcy sccrn to bc tll llllv in
ljr'()vcr)icnccs for vrscs in this chss rccor_cl
thc Nikosthclic trrditjorr ilrld rlr cxp()r't \ "irc wirh a lilllitcd rn:rrket.
'Ihc Ilvt,ortrazoN (ir.tss (nemcd 6-or:r thc picturc of e ntoulltilt!l witrri()l'
()n u1 cx:lrrrplc in Atltcts) is of bclly arrrPhorac u'ltich up-datc thc old tbrru
* ith rorrrdcd hendlcs lnd ti'ct I lyPe bY no rlrearls tbrllotlcn (it lppcrtrs in
thc Lc:rsros (iroup) altl-rotrgh trv rou, lcss popuLr thrn thc Tlpc A:rntpho-
rec. A linc' rrcandcr ovcr thc pencls is r distinctivc fclturc, ancl thc fiqurc
corilpositiors lr-c cqually fiug;r1, but dclicrtcly panrtcd, \\ith I penchlnt fcrr-
gcrlr(r scclrcs other thln m,vrh, inchrdirlg odditics likc lislrcnucn or mcll
c:trr)'ir)s pots | .z l5-61. Noticc thc rcjcctccl sketch o fthc doq's hindqLnrter on
thc lattcr-. These rrc of the 5 r o's.
Eerlicr erc sonrc rlcck irlphorrc ofstand:rrd typc, brrt srrell, rvith triplc
lincs betu,ceu the body pilttcrns thc THREE LrNE (;Ror,,p l:171. Srurll black
figurc ncck ernphorac bccornc vcry corllnloll irr later ycars ancl their clecore
tiol is usurlllv of the poorest, but rhis group could rccilll to Bclzicl thc
Andokidcs l)eintcr, errd onc' or two othcr irroLlps, Irerdly l:rtcr thal thc 5 ro's,
rre wcll peintccl lnd ofGr sonre orisinal ncck prtcrns (i1s in thc Mcdcu
Ciroup [zr6]).
A ncu shepc which is introduccd lbout 5zo is thc strmnos, rvcll rcprc-
scntcd in thc l)rrtzoMA Citoup [zi9l, so rranrcd lor thc whitc loin cloths worn
by thc flabby athlctcs lnd even by the rverrior danccrs errd altrorrg thc
synrposiasts with wi1or11 thc paintcrs of this snrall but distinctive group arc
prcoccul'riccl. In thc sanle group ere sorlc onc-handlcd kentharoi l:,2 ol, cctpy-
ing an Etruscln shapc eld dcstincd for thc \vcstcrD rlrxrkct, but post-Nikos-
thcnic. And wc nr:ly noticc hcrc a rather latcr stanrnos of dificrenr
shepc Izz r], a rurc cxarllplc ofa vlrictv olhcrwisc confiDcd to rcd figure.
Of thc other peintcrs I nrcntior four of cpaliry. Thc Eupurrerrrs Parur-
ER [222] is bcst k:rown firr his lranathcnaic vascs [zg7-81 whcrc wc scc his
Llncst work and his c:rpecity for dctlil noticc thc shicld deviccs. lt is in thc
arhlctc studics on thcsc vescs the! thc transjtion flonl thc atrxto ricrlly impos-
siblc runncrs ofnrost c:rrlicr peirtitg to thc n1()re plausiblc vicu,s ofrunncrs
r,r,itir thcir:rrnrs closc to thcir sidcs can bc observcd. His odrcr rvork (ir is all
nreirrlv ofthc J-u o's) is poorcr and obscsscd wirh the cheriot sccncs u4rich sccn-r
feshionable in thcsc ycars.
Haldiy rnuch leter is thc MADRTD l)ArNTEtt, who is fxr morc corscious of
thc an.tonlical dctail bcing oliired by his rcd 6qLlre contcnlporerics, but hc
cxccutes it iD an old hshioDccl lnd uncorrvincing way akhouqh hc hes Jearnt
thc new poscs (frontal ancl proflle legs for collapsing Kyknos on l:::31) and
atcrnpts forcshortenine (his shicld). On rhc sanrc vesc thc ligurcs overlap thc
bordcl piltterrl and rvc scc still fie old stylc aninral prcdelle.
Thc Pttalr ParNren is an irnportant tnd prolific artist, ir1 soltlc \^,iLys
linking thc Antirncncs Pxirlter.rnd thc Lcil!jros Croup. His work is inagin.r-
tivc, for although his irterest lics in fc$, thcnrcs hc trcats thern iD clch instance
rvith oriuinality of clcttil and compositiorr. Hc is cspccially tbucl of fie
Athcnian forrntein housc scencs [:24] lnd of chariot sccnes \\.irh Athcr:r :Lod
l{crlklcs lu:5l. Tl-rcsc interesrs seerl lo rcflect sornc mcasurc of symptrh,v fLr
the Pcisist(rtids and rhcir usc of rnyth arld mosr rnay bc painted bcforc rhcir
ejcction fronr Athcns in 5to.
I 12
l l)r'l\ycRol'r PAINTIR I226-7]hasnlorcoftJrcrc,l ligrrrt rrtrst rl"'rrt lrrrrr
rrlr,lrrrr-vcxpl:rinhisrcadincsstooutlineinciscn)trclr()llri\licrrr' \\"rl' ll'
I'l , ' l)ion1'siac sccues but his bcst work, on bcllv :Ir)rIh()r'rc .l I r 1ri' A lr'r'
,11, rrrr rncl prcsencc lz:61. Ilcazlcy rclatcs hirn to thc l)ri,rrrr l).rirrtt r 'rrll t"
l'.r rr, bLrt rhc 'body' ofsotue ofhis work bclrs comp;rrisorl rvitlr l)iorrci l I ' tl
lr.Lrri.rrrdhcunclcrslaDClsho\\'xllllto lical dctail c:rD bc trellslitrc(l cHc(livclv
rrrr,, hluck figurc: corlpare Izz,!] by a conlpaDioll of his (thc rlillllc v.lsc {)l_
rlr, l).Lirter of TerqulniiL IlC68,+7) ilrd contrtst thc Madrid I):rirltcr's
, ,, rr l22.ll.
llrlinguists ll
lj\ lhc list ycrrs oflhc sixlh centur)'ainlost cvcry visc Pxintcr ofqtrtli in
Ar )Lns urls cornnriltcd to recl 6gtlrc. Therc rvcrc, hou'cvcr, rcasolrs why
, rrc still had occasiol) lo practisc'thc older tcchl)iLlue. Arllollq thc cerliest of
1,, bilingulls rherc lred appetrcd cyc cups, bltck fLgurc r'vitirin, rcd figtrrc
, ,,'r ri.lc, Jccoretcd by the bcst ofthc cLrP peirltcrs - Oltos, Epiktctos, Phcidip-
1,,,,, Skvthcs ancl thcir follorvcrs. Thc schemc
rcrlraiDcd :rn cxtrcnlcly Popuhr
,,,,, throughout thc tirst gcncretion ofrccl tignrc btrt barcly survivcs ink) thc
lillh ccnt;ry. Thcrc u,as nlso a dci)llrd for Panathcnaic veses (scc (lh'ptcr
\, r cn) rvJrich wxs lnet bY studios which sPccixliscd in Ilrgcr Pots Sirlce thc
,r k cither r,:rs u'clJ paid or convcycd prcstige, scvcral ofthc better peirrtcr-s
"
,l, L orltcd thc vascs, llnd antonq lhenr rvc rccognisc lhc' Klcophrades Paintct,
Llrc Ilcrlin Paintcr (or his workshop) ald, rrearcr thc nricldlc ofdrc 6fth
,rntury, rhc Achilles Pailtcr. Of these thc first namcd sccttrs to havc heen
, ,rcrcstcd in pxinrirl!! some slandxrd Lrleck figurc ucck elllphoric xod irr
,,,troducing sornc bhck figurc onto his tcd figttrc vxscs for lids or sttbsidiarv
ir iczcs, anJ thc Achillcs Paintcr nlay l)lvc decoratcd iu black figurc arrothcr
r r uditionel shrpe, the loutrophoros.
Apart fronr thcsc rrtists, lvhosc ilrtcrcsr in rhc olcl tcchuicluc cen be tt lcrst
paintcrs with err)'
l,.rrtly cxplxinecl b,v sPecial dcmarld, thcre arc fcw rcd 6sure
rrorable ileck lisurc outpr.rt Thc NIroxr:ulls P,ttNtln has l thoroughlY
lelgren black 6gurc stylc or1 elllplrorllc artd pclikei, but his hyclriec ere thc
rew shape (kalpidcs, r,r,ith onc-piccc profiles). Hc Printcd red figrrrc ttro,
r,,lthout distrnction, as clid his prcsumcd pupil, tl-rc Euchariclcs Peintcr" TLe
lttcr, howcvcr, has beerl creditcd wirh sevcrxl Pxl1athcl)llic prizc vescs ;rs wcll
.Lr pclikei Iz:9]atd kalpidcs, end it hes bccD suggested that thcsc rlight rl1 he
r,rker for ihc Nikoxcnos Paintcr's $,ork, u'hich wonld ttrikc hirn arlothcr of
rllosc with rerson fbr kccping up black i-igurc. Tire At}Ilxa P'trurtlt, I
rlistinguishcd artist who workcd in bl;rck figttrc lnlinly on lckyrhoi :rncl
,,inociroal (scc thc ucxt chtptcr), has bccn idcntiiied with the Bou'doln
l)rir1tcr, who was Peintrng rcd 6gurc and rvhitc ground lckytltoi irr thc scc<;nd
rluartcr ofthe 6fth centuly, but thc conllcctioll DllIy bc il rn:ttlcr ofwolkshoP
tlJ
 T
olll\-'llrc Lr!c of whitc ground 1ll)Ll of olltlinc tcchniqucs ol bl;rck tir1rrr!. ()fthe encl oflhL'c(]ntlrly .trc lcfr.srrrl((l l,r tlr, l'rrr irr
lcklthoi ofrhcc.rrlvlilthccntur'ybrirgrhcscvrscsvcr)closcrothcspirirrrrtl r, , rlr,.lrichrct:rirrsthcoldtrpcrjrrllshrPc,\()rirclinr(s\\rllr rl).rll(rr1 ,lr,,
rechrritlrrc of rccl tlgulc, :utd tltt'tinc fifth ccrtrrrrv tr-udiriorr oitvhitc qr.olrntl r , oltl r'crricll prlrrcttcs (.1rrd lotuscs rc([r.etl to lirr, s ]il', r.rr r,tr lr'.1i, ,)
trrucr:rrr ickt,thoi,:lltlroLrqh tlic \\.()rk of r.cc1 liqurc ertists, ,,v.rr borri in thc , . ' roLrldcr [-:37l. Ihc stvlc ofplirllirls vrrrics crr()rrrrorrr]r'brrt rr s, l,l,,rrr
stlrdios of prirrcrr of blick ligurc lcki.thoi. Of thcsc, rncl of thc Athcrr.r rr , rlrrr):rdcquelc.Sonlcorigirrllit,voftllcrllcisiltlcllrPt.(l bLrt rlrcrci: rl,,r
P:rirrtcr, rhcrc r,r,ill bc ruorc !o s:ly trr rhc trcxt chtptcr-. I sho\\, orriy otlc whit. 'I Lr nn:s ploclrrctiorr oistock sccnc'j likc rrrrlrinq, .I uillrt()r I(.lvil)rt l)()rrrc.
qrorrrrcl oinochoc l:-1ol rvhich illtrstretcs u,cll thc rethcr ructellic clct.tils ofrl)c I r, )\\()s lrctwcclr c1cs. This is lILrc too ofthc (]()cK C;R()LlP, lllltlrc(l ii)r tl)c
dr.rpcs oiicn r cscr-vcd lor this tc.hr)j(luc (thc nrouklccl hcecl xr thc hitndlc er)(l , ,ock end ir'\'lclvcs orr rhc sLouldcr, brrt thcsc hsr ncll into thc liilr
rhc coller') u:rd thc u,rv iu rvhich tirll vlluc is givcr to l;trqc rrcxs ofplxir), r r . Thc Mcclc;r hc.rrl (hcl nunrc is Iiglrtlv irrscribcrl bcfirr c her') l u-;,i1,
slossl whirc- I . .Ls olcl firshiorrc,:l rs rhc Athcrls orr aolltcrlrpol-rr-\' tojt1s, ir11.l thc
'l',,v, h, rr. rr .,r(lr.r.lr., ...rtt r.'.
Lekythoi
Activc, if oftor illicir cxclr,ltion ir Atticu rrrd l}trcotir, errrl the conrrr()l)
errcic:rt prrcricc iu thcsc erclrs ofoili'rirrg lckvthoi ir s111,c5, il.r. ltlcl1ltt tllut
\vc h,r\ c ii firlL-r rccor c1 ofALhcnill bleck liqLrrc lckythoi ofthc liitc sixrh :rnd
c.rr'll titih ccntutv rhrn ofruost othcr cllsscs ofAthcnien bleck tilaurc vltsc. It
Ilrs rlso rrc;rnt thxr rhc;l\,crillic qtL.rlin ofthcsc vuscs is lorv urd, sircc rhc
fincsl vltsc pirintinq wrs douc in rcd flgur-c bv norv, rhc colrrrst ,,vith rhc
cr:1icr vescs, bcsr kno,.vn fi-onr tlrc linc picces c-xportcci ro ltlly, is thc grcxtcr_
Tltc conrirrrr of rcd liqurc. sces th( rro,,LlLrLU,,D ,,i.r triJ\\ r:rritti t,f rhc
shotrldcl ickytltos, es l:-;3], u,ith I r.rlltr rrlindrr..rl b,,.lr, grrurg .r ,.1ccpcr
ficlcl tirl thc llrisr's rvork, and oficr) u irh I stcppcrl pr.o6lc to thc foot, btrt thc
old shorrldcr lck,,thos uirh t.rpcring bocll dics h.rrrl,:rncl a conrprorrrrsc
sltupc r,, ith qclltl\'\wcllillr body'lrrrl ccliinrrs foot hrs r,,,oguc. Nonlallv
no$ rhclc js u l)rr)cl oip:rtcrl .ibovc rhc bocll scclc. ()n thc slroul,:lcr thc lorv
oi-bucis is:tou usuell\ pcndiltt or r,,c scc:t chlil oflcvclr titll p:ll1)c6cs
oithcnc\\,t\pcl-u.Jrl,rroter-ouiuqvcrticill)t'11)rnch.rjnsesinbl:rckflsrrrc.
Inlpor'tiurt illr)oviltions erc ilrtrodrLcccl by thc Edinburgh l)lintcr itLrour
ioo, but thcsl'xrc l)cst considcrcd ln thc ncxt chaptcr alld thcrr itlc fi,\\, lufl\ts
or classcs still sixth-ccltul.v in dirtc or nlxnncr u,hich dcse:.r,c rlr cntion. Scvcral
ofthc Lc:rgros (iroup :rrtisrs dccorxtc iekylhoi- Anrong tircnr rs thc f)ayltl.rr
Patrrrl ',vho hes I good e,vc firr clt:riJ ancl a scnsc ofcoloLr. l-u-;rl. Likc othcr
lckythos p:rintcrs he elso dccor:rtcs oiDo.hoxi und cspccirlly thc ucrv v;rr rcty
ofolpc rvitlt a slinr bocly and higlt dccoratccl 1ip [2 j2l. T hc ( ],lr: r us prrr r ll is
llsocep:rblcoirdc)ic:rcyrvctlissilnturh Ic.r[r.r:r \\.tk H(r\r1.lntcd h,t thc
prick lv pcers on his p:Llnlctre tcnclrjls [:3.; l. The (irr.,l l,a rN rr]x 2-4 6l slirrts e
l
Lrrg clrrccr hcrc tot), blrt )ost ofhis vilscs rrc fi tih ccDturv rnd erc irrflucnccd )(a t,. 1),t ittt ltl th. l1)lr[ilti 1\tutk1. 'i.t1tl ],y ,1 ,hLiJL:
bythe ncrv irshiorrr. Althotreh his srr lu rrr.l ,,fr,Jr l,c \li'p,h,,cl hc rhnrrs un
origiuel epprorch to l)l vth tnd qcrtrc scctrcs, uncl cet conr posc es 1or rhc ier gcr
ficld ofnrore cxpcnsivc vascs. L)r thc shouldcrs ofhis lckythoi tht, outcr bucls
lurc norlrlllv rcpleced b,v flor.,,crs. A vcry high proportir:rn ofhis vescs sccrl to
hlvc bccn solcl in thc Wcsten) (;rcck col()rrics.

f l,l IIJ
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7 5
,r5 Llyltin al tlI Ltd.tht\ C\ut). Honl:lt5 kills !h( \ltpinj Alkyomt: I ttlr iltfu LalI,.\ Cturtp. A P tt.d
lt tt, rr.nr1 i.5 n b..ly ortr \u I ot Er! a,l

zoi Hydrid ol tk t.u.{or (;r.,/,. C.&,tqrr Ctr ,/j

toq hitltil dh\tn l,y th( A(lkko\

l\1ir1tr a .nud by nrtlrl dtti\t.
n H411k1t\
,ttht.t lL. Klry ilidtl Dt1'- H-6t

2od,\i,.l,,ifl,o,, 1,),,r, ..1,r.1,r.

hlitlk\ (ntw w). I Idnkli
,10 2likc h) ttu Ad ,lL\)\ I\ nd'.'t'h!.1t) 11 r)l ,1, I\'li|!. Srl. ol.il. H..j7-E
rr, ri. r,j ltlrJ 7iin,,

. rj NttL @ryl td il ltu a:lLl\ q Cdb. \lLil. 2i E

,1r.r,) ll.lik. Ly tht Atlltlar\ Pni tr.IL.1, 5 .4tillo n Ll . !rdd.j'. I t. to 5
 ,tj B(ll), atrylbtut t\l th( Llyt.hihd:rlt Cir$. Il. t6 .. I rtrrylratn ttlitul t. tht M.lo ()rtt- ir9 srrrrrrrL, /,/rL 1\tt- n.t t i, rP- II t' i
r,,i L.,firJJ.j. It J,

t rt hnttul Larthaa-
t t t:,) I tri(\\iti. Il. )9 1

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rI S/,,,r... Dnr,t,n,i tr./
1.. tt.._,..,.
 1' lt t1. th,'\lr.l.:l l'.,'|',t H t,l, n.t.t. 1.)lt-.

)r4 Hydir bl th. h'n t P,tillo

I:otltttit hru| il1 Athai 11. 57 '5

:z: Hyiit Iy thc hphiltn,! ]\rttt, \irikl hy Pnntphdiot ns po n'. Dntiyn\ o,itli \nyt\ di]d hn.ntd\ 11. 1a.6

'. Btllt nrynvd l'tttt ,4) l't th. hia Ptut. Allnn.1
i titklt\, lidhr'\\i ! t .lhti.t
)16 Lttlly r tph n I t)'pt /t) b), tltt t<y.ttli Pari( ( rtu pn!). t..ti' thati.l ,,8 Bttllnt1)tt.tnl!ttt'.1)hytltt)dilrtuol ttrlyntir RC 6E17 ( !,n' fdl.l. II.,du.jli(ir^

rr; (irlt.!,rr(, lt), tht RyLnli Pdiitkt .ltltilhs atl .lpt ylty H.tLi.iLh.lN!i\dlio) '| t\lill by nk lltnhaidti hLrtto. C.l'1,1$. H.+D 2tr ()i'whot by tlk t)airttt \\l t.a lo lJ ('2.
Whik \t.n,1- P(lLr\ rt t t11\'. Il. r5
 T

2-r1 t,) Ltkyth.\ by th( Dtlhturk hu ttt. (:itu. ()dy\\tLt . d hit bn itt k,i aupatlots ,tj.t.2 l.(kfth.\ ht tht ().li l\litn\'. vvhilt qtu\ td.Dio ti\ nntl hinrl (dtliat\t.H.rg 4

()lft [t th Dryhuk hri ttl.lldl)kl.\ tu tht hn(]i] tli \ 1. tt.,t s ,:16 Itkythos[y thcCt]a Pdii!(.\'yliitln\ol. Hlrl il Atlton th\r .Ll I'r Nilr. / 1. ,d r

L.kytln)\ bt llk Orht5 htiltd. llttutulL' h nt ol tlk Ht\\\nlL\. H.,7 :tZ Itk)rho\.ltlr l'ha yllisOmry.Anti .q H.1z

t.(kyth.J l,t th( Cthr hnlt(. LL.11Llt\ r'ith ttu Kok.r\ 2r.r /-fl),r,.j d/ rrr C-..1 Ctutry. llL\1d ol ltlttua

Chapter Six
THE LATEST BLACK FIGURE
Frorl abont Joo to at least thc middle of thc fifth ccntury:l considcr;rlrll
numbcr ofblack trgurc vascs were slili being madc in Atlrcns, dcspirc
that red figurc was by then r,vcll cstablishld
ilr" t:,,
p.i-"'r".i,riqu",,,,,,t
virtually no ocher figure dccorated pottery was "r,t" being produccd in th'c Grccl,
rvorld. Witl-r rare cxccptiorls in tha first q.rart., ceritL,ry thc quality
of rlr,.
black figure is Iow, ud wc ceIl scc that it ietisfied a d",rr"rrd Lr..l-r"ip
jugs and oil flasks at r tirnc wircrr thc pottery industry
.,,1rr,
in Ath"r. ."", b.r'o,,,,,,1i
but thc fincr led ligure was probably beyond the pursc ofpoor"..itir",,,
Thcre wrs, thcrefbre, ro demand for th. l"ig". .."t..r, r,, plr,r'."
hyd.i,,,,
in thc old tcchriquc, ro furnish the synrposie of thc "well_ro_do, " "udyct
blrr I
fi61.r. pc-,'.1,.1 [rr l.rngrr rhrn c.,n Lc cxplrrrr-d irr renn\ ot,t,",rr'..]ru.,,,r,
tastc of tirc clclerly. Thc cxport mxrket f.r, th"se p.rn. warcs
in Grc,ecc urrrl
bcyond Grcecc renrain-cd srroug. Herc couscrvatistr nray well have
playc.l ,r
pJrl srrlc(- rhc export o f Artic portcr y to othcr Grcck towns, to Cypnis
ancl t,,
culorres rn rhe rrorrh .rnd u esr, Jid rot abate, yer for chc first fifty
years ll1icr
the invcntion oftcd figure this tradc is vcry l:rrgcly t"t",-r.,p
try irll.k hg,,,.,.
vascs, whilc only thc lnajor markcts ofEt.uri, Crnrp",ria ("ncl ro a 1",rr,.,
cxtcnt Nxucratis) s)rowcd:r nrarkcd prcfcrencc,lirr "rj the new styie. During
rlr,.
vcJrs.urv(\i1l irr rhi.,h rp1,r. Arh,.n. Dcu d(.nror.rJc) wJ\re\tcd Lrl inr.r,i,,rr
trer c-it1 rnd r.nrples irikcd and burned by thc pcr.sians irr
4lio. Thcse dir.
L'vcrrts h:ld no perceptiblc ellect or1 thc producrion ofblack
flgurc vascs or on
thc sccncs paintcd on thern, but rhe disa-ster lefr sottre valu rbli
rr.t-r".'ot..,gi."
dating por,ts in the dcbris ofthc city, whilc thc torr.rb ,r.r.ut.l
at if4"l"ifr",,.
fought in 49o, rtrxkcs its contribution ro chronology too.
lr is thc lckythos p:rinrers thxt we hlvc to follow, sincc thc lckyrhoi lclt
thc
ruost prolific scries fbr ciassi6cation, but thcsc painters dccoreted
othc,r sha;,cs
too,_ rrd sonle cvcn prefcrrcd orhcr shapes. Swifr production
fbr I brisk
nrarkcr Jcd to spccialisatiou, and thcrc is liitle ofcithci arr or
craFt irr most ol
thc black figurc of thcse years. Thc poorcr rvork will ,r,,t irc igr,,r..,J 1,..",
bccausc it is plcntifui, br:t its sublcct mattcr-is rcpetitivc.
So,rrc"ofth" lrctr".
xrrists could show fl;rir still, and origiDality in al1c trear|rent of
old or thc
invcntion ofncw thcnrcs. and so ro rhcllt ntost ofthc following pegc,s
arrcl
picturcs arc devotcd.
r46
llrr: k:l<yth os painters
I r, )rNlltiRGH I)^INIER is the first in)portant paintcr ofthc lerge c,vlirr'1' r
l
,l r rlr,,r l:-19 Jl21. H is styic dcrivcs directl y fl-orr th lt ofthc Lc'rtgros (iro trp,
1,,,r lrcn hc <lccoratcs va;cs other thal) lekythoi thcy xrc sl-neil Dcck arrrPh()-
'r
,, |'I;1] or lekan c lids, rathcr than thc largcr vascs firvou rcd b y thc(irorrp'
I \\ r, lr wc havc only otlc or two fronl his hand. Soon after thc stert ol_his
but c:rsily
l, rLrrrrg cerccr hc introduccd trvo innovatjons. First is thc trivial
,1, r.,irl. ,rre ,rfrcducing thc numbcr ofPalrrrcttcs on thc lekythos shouldcr'
r, ,
lr,i,r '.vcn (charactcristic ofthc Letgros Croup) to frvc lz4ll The othcr i"
r,,r, in)portxrlt - thc use of a thick whltc groulld for thc body pic
r ,,,,, ,;r -zl iDsterd oflhe custornary rcd clay groLrnd 1239, 240] Thc whin'
, ,,,,, ,,1 bcconres rcgLrlar no\\' lor all thc lincr lekythoi as wcll as nrany ofthe
rrl, L r, pllttcrncd vascs, e d it is iltrodtlccd for sonrc other slrepcs likc thc
rr,,, Lroei end srnrll ncck ampholac dccoratcd by the lekytbos painters lt
rl.(:lllorlscnscofpxintingwolllL'11'sfleshwhitc,sothcseparrsarenorm;r11y
, r , ii l. li black on wir itc' grotr nd tases. Tl-rc Edirrbtr rgh Plirr tcr's style is clcat ,
, ,1,1r lrrd unciuttcrcd, lhc cxprcssiot ofhis actors rithcr vacxnl with big
,, ,, , ,l cvcs. He is capablc ofdelicacy ofdeteil but rcal fincssc is Ilo lorrgel to bc
noleblc md
t,,, , .,'.1 ior in black i!5urc. His rxnlic of Inyth xrld llcnre sccncs is
,,, l.rrc black figurc is only rivallcd by his inrrntdirtc cottrprrtrt'ns and
r,, r'\s()rs \vhose work wc ncxt coDsidcr.
llrc Grt.a Patrren, whosc carlicr vxscs havc alrcady bccn lloliccd, is
llri nccd by lhc ncw styles, but clings to his prcfcrencc ftrr flowcrs, bcsidc
rl', ,,duccd nunrbcr ofPxlmettcs on lckythos shottldcrs, atld nrly introducc
both whitc
l,,l,rrctrcs besidc the figirre sccnes. I show two ofhis ]lrter viscs'
11r,,Lrnd [.u 35-6].
lhc Thcseus and Athcra Pliuters werc coilcxgtles, working in a rclated
.r\ li (nl rc'latcd sh:rpcs, rnd tekiDg thcir lctd from thc Editrburgh Painter in
rLrL rn.rttcr ofthc use of whitc ground arrd thc ncw schcmc lor dccoration of
rl,, lekythos shouldcrs. But each had widcr lntcrcsrs:lnd a nlore veried cxreer
t rhcir Lelgran nentor. Thc THL'slus P,'uuTrn startcd his carecr :rs thc best
r Lrr
we havc
l,.rrtcr of thc Whitc Heron skyphoi whosc imrnediatc prcdecessors
i., , n irr thc Krokotos Grottp r Ei z]. A whitc hcron ispaintcdby theharrdlcs
l
,,1 rrrtry ofthcsc skyphoi (but not all white hcrons arc his) rncl thcrc is thc
',,rrrc distinctivc usc'of ycllor,,', xt lcast for h;Lir, u'hich gavc thc Krokotos
r irrlrp its nanre. His skyphoi [245 7] arc from his cerly ycars, perhaps n)lirrly
1,, ri,rc 5oo, eDd :rorc of thcm arc prescrvcd thlrtl ofhis lckythoi Thc
lettcr
fiturcs skvphoi, but shou' tlrc
, Lcd somcthing ir1 thc'clcgrrrcc ofrhc orr his
'., rrc tirm hend with stocky bodics, rouud hclds. He hes :r good c1' firr
,r rr:rls, solnc irnegination lvhen it comcs to lllollstcl s, end was onc of tllc
lr \t oithc black figure artists to takc nruch rrotice of rhc ncw vogtrc ti'r
. "'!\'ll\ \\eDi 5l',fS. r,tgl, whcrtc, lll. tt.rrne.
t17
 'l'lrc A Lrrr.N,r l',\rN r r,r
ljid 5l wxs nrorc ,,vholly dcdicltcd to the decor:r-
tiorr ol lekvtlroi :rrrrl orrrocho.ri, rncl rrrust havc startcd his clrccr l.rtcr- Ifhc il
tict:rlso p.rirrtctl rctl liqrrc (hithctto krorvn as tl)c work ofthe lJolvdoirr
[)aintcr') spcci.rlising in Ickythoi cithcr in drc usull tcchnicluc or rvith orrtlirrr'
ligrrrcs or r rvhitc gror-rncl, hc r'vis workins sti11 through or bcyond tlrc
se()rrd rllL.rrtcr ofthe ccntur\'. He had lcrrrred the rrsc ofrvhitc ground firrrrr
the Eclinburgh Plinte: and Lecl some minor iunovetions of his orvr tir
contlitrutc to thc standllcl dccoration ofblack 69rrrc lckythoi, addirir rendrils
rvith thin closed btrds to the 6vc shouldcr prlmcttcs, blacking sorrr,
nccks [.:t 5i], outlininla thc upright llars (clcbascd tonqucs) ebovc rhc shotLldcr.
dispensing with a ground linc. His bcst work hes rhc dienitl, of thc bcst
Lcegren; thc rcst hevc e sirnplc, livcly clLlxlity, sol)cti1r)cs nrrDrlclccl in dctilil.
thc frEurcs rclding to thc cgg hced. Hc- puts sorrc finc llrgc hcacls on lris
jugs [,u 571 :rnd lekl.thoi, :rnd Jris dcvotion to sccncs with Athcnl givcs hinr lris
nernc. His choicc of sutrjcct wes vericd illrd somctinrcs oliginal. Fro r his
workshop conlc ir nLulrb.'r of bltck bodicd lckythoi, ;rnd ;l grc:rt nleny
oirrochoai of varyirlg l11crit, rtrllirllv whirc gror.rnd, as \\rcll ls thc later r((l
figLrrc lckvthoi (Bo.,vdoin Peirrrer).
There was roonl [or severx] different u,orkshops proclucing black 1ii;trrr
lc'kythoi ir Athcrs ofthe early fifth century. Ilesidc thc paintcrs ofthc lergr. r'
cylinclcr lckythoi thcrc wcrc many othcrs, gcncrirlly morc prolillc rnd nlrk-
1r1!l slllallc'r nrorc rcpetitivc vlscs, bnt kecping aiive,:rlthoLrgh ir lcrminirl
conclition, a tr:rdition it black ligurc which was to last to thc nrid century.
A largc group ofthe clrly fifth cerltrlry, the CLAss ol, ATH.NS 5ilt, stenrls
on irs owD, and centres or1 the work of thc Marirthon Paintcr [256-7] wlro
supplicd many ofthc Ick-vthoi clcposircd in thc tumulus r:tiscd ovcr thosc rvlro
fc'll in the battle of49o. Thc shapes are gencrally rjld faslrioned, tap.-Lrn{
stc:rdily ro thc foot. Thc MARATTT()N ParNrrn hls x scDsc of colour aDd
prttcm, introdLlcing pattcrn bxnds on somc vilse necks xnd lor,r,el u,alls, aDrl
varying tJrc xrcas ofthc v:lsc to bc ccx,crcd by whitc gronnd, but thc carlicr
vases, as thosc from Marathon, wcrc nraillly cley ground. Thc shoulders o{'
lckythoi in this Ohss Iz5E-9] carry palnrcttc!, buds or rays, thc fillrrrcs er.c
gcrrcrrlly llinrsy end carclcssly executcd, thc backgrounds ofren ful1 oficafy
branchcs, :r strlc continuccl on thc Hrirrrorixrr lckrthoi (scc bclot). Thcrc
arc also rl]ny exrmples of'pahDettc lck ythoi ' decorltcd orlly ,,r,ith thc oltl
bleck figurc Jotus and pelrncttc friczc.
Thcrc rvcrc othcr lncl trctter plinters ofsrrriill lek ythoi irr thcsc ycars, etd :rc
rheir- head stand the Sappho and Diosphos l'ainters, humblcr colrsins of thc
Edinburgh Paintcr and influcnccd by his rvork. Thcy too prcFcrrcd thc
srlaller lekythoi, often rather oid fashioned in shapc and kccping the old bucl
lriczc on thc shouldcrs, but adnritting whitc llrourrd- Tlrc Sappno l)aIrur-
ER[160 6] is the more irltercsting .tnd inventive artist. For his narrrc vesc
scc [3rl]. Hc dccoratcd sornc largcr vAscs! cvcrl a column cratcr, lnd othcr
r48
r.,t,,: irrclLrding cpir)ctra lor wool \\'orkcrs [:6.;l' llc lr'rrl I l)rrlrr Lr rr lrrr' I
L ,1. r( \ccl11s, in filncr:rl r ij(r()(l ( ()lr\|( ( llr! (il ' orrl L rrrlrir
sccncs, llncl givcs lrs
rLr\ fr.talicc oll llrllctllrv phqucs fot itttilclll)rclll t() l t l \ l ' r ' , I ltrrl
rl rr ) (
1
\,.., ?66] :rllLl loLrtloPhoroi [.261] e rittrrJ shrrpc firr lllritlr rlrr "lrl r"lr
r tr r wrs lons rctnincd (tl'lc Thcsctls Printcr also clccor ;rtc(l sorr rt )' I lt' Itrlt tt ' t
rL
rr\( r sPriglltly tluelirl rvhich colnPensrltcs fur tlrc olicrr lrtrrri'rl rrlnr"rr
A r roLrgh uot illircratc hc sPrilrklcs thc field lrcelv t'itlr clisrirrctivc rr"rrv rrx
,,,.,,,f,ti.r,,r. A !ilrict) ofsl1rrll ick,vthos ',r'hich he tlt;r) hrrvc irrr"'rrte'l ('rr
,,1, ,h r:r;r-r'hrtvc bccn irvotlecl fol hillr) h:rs I tlLpel ilrg bodt irlttrrtir"i
lrr l,lv abovc thc tbot l2d1--?] irr)cl sonrclillcs dccorerccl \\'itll liorl\ ()rr lhc
l,,,,,l.icr'; hor,vcvcr', rnost of lhis llLrrllcr{)tls LII ILE Ll(lN (itess 'tlc rlot by
l, rrncl but br collc:rgucs, llltd thcrc llc 1tl:lll)' othcls of thc Littlc I iorr
.l ,1,c rr,ith othcr shorrldc: piltlcrns (...(. hou:rci ancl helc)'
llrc I)tosptlrs PatNttlll,:6d 2721 wrs a slightcr lttisr with x poorcr
rL l,rrtolv, his figr.tr-cs big hcrdcd, slirtr but livclv, lllhough he had a boldcl
..,,1. Lr, lcr,r, lck,vthoi. Sotrrc of lris ircst work is on rltbestr':r Iz6E], enrl hc
"
, ,,, irliscd also in snrrll ncck elnPh()r'lc His letcr lekythoi bcco:llc slinlttcr'
( ) i sornc hc jrltlodllccs ftgurcs bctwccn larllc palmettcs encl perts of thc
rrLrcs nrc drx\vll in outlinc [.u 69]. This'scrlri-outlirrc' tcchniquc \\'xs 1ro
,l,,,,Lrt irflrrc:rccd b1'rlrc lr'hitc g rourr cl 1ck1'thoi ofthc Athcrla P:rirltcr or orlrcr
,,l liglrrc rltists. Hc rves probeb]v working still irr tllc [rid fifth ccntrrr,v'
Ilic HaruoN P,qrNtnn wls rn illcluslri()us yorLngcr colltcn)pollrl' ofthc
\. 1,pho lnd l)iosphos Printcrs. He pairrtcd snrell, slirn lckl'rhoi, r'r'ith thc
,1, r,'irlc re scrvcd linc il thc lo* cr bhck ;rrce iu T-J ] u'hich thc l )iosph os
Pxirl l('r
,,rrrhrvcpopul:rrisccl.Hisslirtlfigtrrc'ssteldorposturcairr)lcssl\'i11 aJi'ldof
1,, ,,,cIr".. Tl,.'cLrp-1ikc lips oflcklthoi hrd bc.^lr bcgirrnirrg to flarc slighrlv,
,r,l :r rrrbcr suddcn innovatiort is to nrakc thcn) tlll xlld nliilrlv collc:lvc siclcd'
llr. H:rinrorr l):rilrtcl dccoratcs solllc o f thesc ' chitn rrey-lckythoi ' Hc hls e
,rlilic ' lluinroni:ru ' fbllou irlg. Sorlc ofthc othcr sh:rpcs hc rrrcl his rotrrperr-
1,r
,,,,r.lccoratc shorv I difii'rctlt itrlcrcst lronl thilt of lhc lck)thos Pililltcrs so
Lrr cliscussccl. Thcrc lrc nlasroid cuPs [:74], u'ifi or r'r'ithoul hlndlcs; :r
\ rricty of footcd cups, ttsurll,v u'ith a sirrgle figure tondo, end ctrp sky-
hrvc long, krrobbl,v lclvcs'
1,lr,ri [.u 7,5]. L)l thesc thc larqc ]rendlc palrncttcs
I lrc figures r;rrrgc f'rolll Poor to cxccrlblc, the subjcct nlxttcr is rcpctitive lnrl
, p"i,,r"r', co,rrp"riorrs rcgtllarll dispcllsc with whitc ground, rvllilc irr
'.
,,thcr closely lelllcd trouPs cven incision is :tbancloncd'
Thc .n orishop of ihc Rt t oarl l),llNlrn, irlso :rclivc illto thc sccotrcl qLtrrtct
,,1 rhc frfth ceutui,v, offcrs thc lest illlportrnt grotrp ofbltck-figurc vJscs to bc
qnittrtity in Athcns. lt is closcly liDkccl r,vith thc Hairnonilrr r,. ri. r.
l, rodLrcccl i11
,,,ntinuiDg tl'rc treditlon of srnall thin lckythoi, the Poorcst bc'lring lhc
, hinrney trouth lu 7E 91, sbarp shotrldcrs ancl e high blunt foot' Thc p''i'rr' r
, irusclf u,:rs capal'rlc r) fbcttcl work th:ln thc lJeilrlon Pain tcr on
l:rrgc lck ytll o i
rrith incurviug nccks lnd carly irl his c:lrccr' Alr exatnplc'is his tutnc vtsc
| .+9
 wlrcr c .r rr,r rr rr.less Ir.rrrider is bcing tortured by satyrs [2771. He put ivy on rhc 'rqLrtcstrtcritlzgrl,butonrhervholcbcrtcrtlrrrrtlrcsirrrilrr lrrrr rrr'rrrrlr Irt' r

ncck ot srrrlr.orhcl lckythoi too, and these include some with purcly outlinc
figrrrcs.rrd lirr:cr:rl sccncs Jrrlong thc first ofthc great scries of Athcnirrrr
whirc grotrrrd lirncrel lckythoi. His smaller lckythoi are also supcrior to tlrc
Hliuroni:Ln, wirh rrruch use of white, and added usc of whitc grourrcl,
sometiDlcs only bcncath rhe pattcrn friezcs. A speciality was pattcrn leky-
thoi [280], whitc grourrd with florrl or chcquer pattcrns (also mede in othcr
workshops and throughout the century), and palmette lekythoi which con-
tinued the tradition ofthe Class ofAthens (llr.
Other late work
ll rrronien cups. Thc Leaflcss stylc is tracccl oll liy.rtlroi ,rrrtl rrr'rst"r'l ' rrl'"
,r lr, h rlso liad a nrorc disringuished rccor-d i:r thc lrrtc sirtlr ..rrlrrr \" 'rrr(l .rl
I r l,lroi. Thc Thescus Pxiutcr had workcd ou skyphoi'rrItl irr tlrc I Icr'''rr
( l''"
r,,rrhichlrccontribulcdthcr_cwxsasucccssionofftrpoolctqrrllity l|ttrcr
,r, thc mastoid cups with fcct rnd ordinary cnp hltrdics, of ll)c l'rsrr^s
r rrs [294]. Among rhe skyphoi l-rlve bccn distinguishcd thc CI l(l (lttoLtt"
Ll,, tiqirrcs being sit in narrow bands trld comnlonly showillg it chirri"r
* ',elins round Izgz] or a courtitlg sccne (the inirials ofthesc slrlrjccts 1)lnlc
rlr, group). Of larger works the Slppho Paintcr's funcrary vxscs havc bccrl
,,,,r.,,kcd elrc.rdy ;lnd wc nrxy adcl (not by hirn) i l:rtc lebes gamikos [:z 93],
.L r,)lhcl shxpe witlr ritual corlnectiolrs for rvhich the o1d tcchnicltLe was

A very fcw standard neck amphorac werc still being decorated in biack figrrr c ,, r ,iuccl, es it wxs for sonlc loutrophoroi to thc mid centrtry'
after the Pcrsian wars. Most ftfth-century examples ofthis shape, paintcd in
the old technique, are small vases. A few (doubleens) havc only double reedcrl
handles, not treblc, and many carry white ground on all or part ofthe vasc irs
did the lekythoi. Of the lekythos painters the Edinburgh and Diosphos
Paintcrs also decoratcd small ncck amphorae lz4j 4; z7t-zl, usually wirlr
three palmettes on the necks and some with panels for the body picturcs.
Several paintcrs and classes have becn distinguished, most ofwhich require no
mention. I name only one of the earliest, thc
RED LINE parNren, who
q
sometimes outlines thc pattern band below his pictures in red
Iz8z]; and the
Dor BaNo Crass, named for the pattcrn beneath the picturcs. Both oi thcsc
have Leagran connections and the Edinbtrrgh Painter dccoratcd examples ol'
the latter [244].
Oinochoai and olpai were othcr f:lvoured shapcs of the Athcna paintcr.
The many othcr examples ofthc first quarter ofthe fifth cenrury arc seldonr
whitc ground. I mcntion rhe KEysrDE CrAis [zdJ 6] (mosr of which do not
have this border pattern), the ALIENBURc Cr-ass [284], and thc Crass or,
Varrcav G47 [zE7] which includc some good genrc scencs. Thc tall olpai
acquircd a patrerncd lip beforc 5oo Iz3z]- Some oinochoai havc flat
mouths [288] instead of trefoil, and a fcw arc red bodicd with no painting
below the figurcs.
The succcssors to the black figurc eye cups are nufilerous but undistin-
guished. Some early in thc ccntury carry a black lip, following the scheme ol:
band cups (Top BAND Crass) and several simply carry lotus and palmcttc
friezcs in the old manncr. The lattcr typc continucs to be made right through
the 6fth century tojudge from finds in Athens and in Corinth, somc srill with
slightly out-turned band cup lips. The eyc cup schcme was continued in thc
Lrarrrss Gnour, nanted for the strippcd branches which appear in thc fields
ofmany examples. They havc gorgoneion or single figurc tondos, and below
theirhandleslurk dolphins, birdsor leaves Izgo]. Most, however, dispcnsc with
cyes and prescnt a weary repetition ol Dionysiac sccnes, gencrally of the ;,) t,: t.tkythd by rhc Ltlittutrrh Pdi d.B|LLrntk

rso
,4o Ltkythn\ I'y ln Ldi ht, lh l\ to. Al,nlb ttdflr.$.i,4drtrr.i
t ./Lut,)r

2.11 L)r"l,lt (L t rylkn l,),thl 21.1 t).11\u (:li\i t..k auphtta by tltL
I)l"thu\h 1\in,tt. A r h1lrtu t altrl llli b,tqhl\tnn( I\ rtr M tl tsrll
nl|hth.H.,76

,11 t.! 1..\,tltr\ l't th 1\lal\ .,J.h t\1ut1tt t d n rt\t). Lrhn lkwtd. I)tidtl ,, slffr.j lf /rr 'l'h.!\tr Pnt t.Il. 1?.2.,,j.rr'l7ri'Jri/Jtrqr/JPr.,rljr'J.
tt \r \ th l)rtl) il tlttto 1'1\ .,ldtill6
,.t2 1 td),thr\ lt tltt 1:tlntl tlh P.n (. Whitr:tttwd. l)ir1yt\' dtrtiot. H. ll
 r \/i[r.J i,t ,r. ]lri.!r
I t,t th( lhiP @ rl 1)i. y\\

i t)i'Nth.. l,)' ttu Th.\'ts

1'.tintu ltu bln"ln.. t)1

/ r, n,i /i(n/, S1,1,,

, ) tiltu b) tlt. 1h&\tr t\lito lL'hit (run thNar (itlt ttu trtll il !\ldtdth . H. 18'5

i i.)!li\ ht ltu Alt(Lt P,iiittt. lfhitt .<r\ l.I'.j.!nrr ., , J.d ,.rj.. lt Jd J

-r.i{6 S/.),tr.J l,t /ir. 'Iht!\ts 1)ait t. A srttt, IIL'aklt\ dil Athor.lL tT 5 i t. )tln\ br rht Atltu l\tiiitt. Sl..r rltl Dtrth a,1y tli hady.l Strytdo.1:1.1l
:52.t.: t.tl:yrho' Ly rlt.,4tltt r P.i nt. llltitt ltrritLl. lldiklr hl ..1th:
, t )i'tu\h hy th( Athdkt 1),ti1t0
t ttt lnn nl. Crr( L)l l)ltl,thu..\-

,r l..kylho\ hy tlt Nl a n t
t rin Chdit al Dir,:)'\'i. H- 16
t,l)'tltr\ L) tlr .\1t lnr
t iih ) Uhttr{ttttdt',rt't hdl,l't'
1 t, t *Li d'tt tht Ho \ al Di.'kd.

,.\ l..kyho\ .!l !h. Clds! t'l Ath41\

,\ r. ,4trdio, r.r, lI lin .lo(J H. ro

.o /-r lrfur ,r/ rlc C/,rrs ,r/

lirl r, ,5dr :1rr.r,,t(lrt! r (;ir,

z5q l)ntodn bytht )rhcndPnilkt Il. t1

,:) ()inrtlr\'by tht Athtld Ptntt(. Ll/hitL ll1ruhl.

llt.[1t\ li \nlritttt II ),
 u, 1t h,'c. r, tt.,' .)rtt. t r. .t- 4 t - r't l. ta

,tir i.).J ttk:ttto\ l,y tht Sntph. ]\ti tt!. I,tlhit(.qn\ur:. Hodklt\' tirtu u.tifi.!. H. i 7. 5

,6a.1.2 Lnrnnthoto\ lty tk Sn ltu l\rrtd. itlonaitt.:.: r d

,6i I\t Nry tlatu by th. S.ptl! htrtut. La1{n! n,t,1,,

tttd (y,nh$ir. I4/. ,6 5

25!.1., Lt[),thr\ lty tli Snt'tlto 1\titltu tl.ili I irlt (:]t\\).

Whik ,r,\ td badf n.t|. Adtill5lhr) t l l\,ltrotr.
^lr
,b1 L.4thashtthr St lli Pai tu(t,itl. Lio Ch$).Whitu{ ttulbody
J..,.. ll./,r,j,r.i(rrro!/! (psi,./to\tt\d). H. i i.6
 , t t)tlti Ly n, Diasphos Ptint.r. Whn. lk,kd,
)t t,' li&li 1t Hydtut
tt,t

,66 Bnil-hnLlld ft\t l'y th(

Sdtpho Pni,kr. 'lh. dnt
&,bilt,.../ /. /,ir &)llix

,62 Nikoxh n pylis. Itlttdditp

t t ),rtl,l. uk nnphon by ttu Dia+ho\ P."t|cr-
pnrts:ion

,66 Alahr\tro h), tht Dio\ tr! !).ji1tttr

Whitu ,qtor d. H. )Z
,69 l.(kytlt\'! by th Diospho\ I,.i,tttt_ Whitt
!kwtt bod), \ 1c. pc6u.t-lla.tr.Dt Mcdr\t
r/r,o/,,dr! Pr(d$!. H. ri 5

,72 N.A anthon bt tht

Dit'\)r)\P.ink\(d1t

,7t L.kythas by tht

HaioLa Pa tu. Whik
stuDn.l body na.- l ht
sphnx urits oJJ a Thcttnn
 )71 !'h'n,d ntt b.) th( lloimo
Paikn\- lludklLt n,hl1 tllt Ctun

,75 ()ry ol th. Hdinnn Ctuup

'k?hos

) tr[yth.! hy ttu ]3.ldan l'jainrtr. tltit ,qmttd bod y j..,.. .so i,,r'^ l o il j. r.r1\1 h ut1s. II. r,
, t Ll:1'rho: Ly rhL l)tldon lrnint. H..12

,76 I Iy&tu (Lnbi;) Ly th( Lliituah

hliflttt Ni/l/ trith t hrll

,27 t.(kythos hy rln, lltldon Pnnttt (.hn td\t). Soty^ to tu a

,8, N(L onphora l,)'|tu Rtd lin l\nn thm'

i tht tdttl. t,l ,;lpllo

,Et NtA Mryhord nL the fln"Lntt t)l ttu tud-|nt

Pdtun- Pdn n dd uona . It- 2.
,iJJ Nttkanthaturl th.Clnsol 'ltonta3t5 Atntos htit\ Aa.hi,$
lion Ttoy. H. 14 5 ..ii ()i,o.l,or oltht (:lnlt i] V iatl
,84 OnlDtlN. o1 tlt Altothw! Cta$_ Athea d d H(nk!4 nt d dwiat to
fuht t( Cn t5 t, t7. ll thtt. H.2j

tt ]:lnt n\nh(l oi r.lkt IK h

I /,,rr). Dr,,l,roJ rir, !i/),rJ d,/

,Jr.,,i a)n,dlr., tl tfu ()tidt LiIt

r'/,,!.,4.ro, iIi,ll l)id,r!,i, nr/),rl

,E6 ()nn.ltu oJ ttu Krysitl( Clo$. Otysd\ d tl th. Silljtr

,90.1., (ttp il tlt ttallt'J! (;tuirl, 1)n,r)'Qj &r/

rdr ()no.r..,, /h.K.l,Ji,/. (l/,rJj. F.r(. H rji

 Chapter Seven

PANATHENAIC VASES

r) .cr ics ofbl:rck figrrrc vescs is clistingrrishecl b1' their shtpe, dccor etion tnd
r 1,r thc rrrscriptiorrs upon thcn1, rs prizc vascs for thc l)auethcnaic Clarlcs
r \rlrcns. Thcy r,crc big oil vlscs (usrrirlly 6ll-70 cl). hiuh), und thc clistint
rr t iqht hlrrdlcs, nrrrou, nccks errd fi'ct dcrivc fronr a type of Attic sroragc
' , hich eppc,rrcd first ir1 thc Lete Ccomctric pcriocl, drc bocly usualil
,..,

,9t ()tp t)l th( Letll6\ Ct.\'. Stlyt\ r tl n" ,t,t\ 1,' rtcd bllck, thc neck sonctirlcs with :r simple patterrr which hes eerrcd
rlr fr thc ll;rrIc S()S arlplrorlc. Thc PanerhcDllcs rrc dccolatccl by bleck
I , LLrc:lltists lvhosc othcr work wc cilll rccortlrisc, but thcy rvcrc cspccially
,, ,, rlissioncd by thc stetc. Moreovc'r-, thc shlpc, dccoretion:rnd bleck frgurc
, r rirluc lvcrc rct;rillcd lor thcnl long lftcr bleck tigurc rves eblncloncd firr
L, rllirrv wilr'a, as wc sh;rll scc-
l'hc canonicll shipc ilnd dccorrtion rvas csceblishcd by ;rbour 53o l c lud
" rrlry look rt t\.picrl cxirnrples of thcsc ycers bcfrrrc considenrg lhcir
,' r,ius, latcr dclclopnrcnt, xrld pnr-posc. [:97] md [,u9d] givc thc lroDt ilncl
l,,1, of rrvo P:rnethcnrics bv thc Euphilctos P:rintcr, thc cerlicsr artist qf
,r lr,rsc prizc vrses an,v nurllbcr hrs sttrvivcd. Thc ncck clrrric'i a nor:nal florel.
( )r thc lront Arhcrlir stlttlds, hcr shicld:rnd spcal rrisccl, stliclirg forrvlld but
,,,,1 .rctivcl,v cnq:rqcd 1lg]inst rn cncrlry, xrld sLrrcl,v hcrc rcPrcscntiDg l ctLlt
Lgc which nl:lv havc bccrr irstellcd on thc Acropolis ancl pl:rycd sonrc rolc
r thc ritual ofthc elLnrcs- At cithcr sidc irrc f)orjc colurlls !uppolting cock,i.
,9a ()U, rl th( Pl\tiat (:ln\\. H. t I 7 :9j I.(tus.{dnik.\. Wk1t1r}r t\\6n ;PrLt^ r.rc vcrc votivc scLrlpturcs oD colurrDs orl thc Acropolis, bLll thc cocks xrc
?tNl.. .ith l hti!. H. Jq ' lrcr rrrrcxpcctcd rnd eri.- laellcrrll) c\plrirlcd as syrlbois of chc spirit of
,,,rrrpcririol1 (cock fights fignrc on orerry crrlicr vxser. B1, tlrc lcft-lrend
,, lnrrru is rhc inscription,'ton Athcncthcn rrhlon' 'onc ofthc prizcs frorn
'\ lrcns'. ()n thc rcv crsc :r 11 cvcrlt frorn thc g:rrrrcs is shorv:r hcrc a loor rlcc.
1 ) llcr c()ntcsts co rlr nr oniy sho wn arc tll c horsc rx cc, cha rlor rxcc, Iloxing xncl
L

, lrcr cr,cr!s irr rhc pcnt:rthlon (lurrPirg, -i:rvclin, discus, rvrcstling and thc
,LJt rilcc). Sorn.'tinlcs thc triirlcr is irllroduccd or r victor is shown bringtng

' horsc ir 1r45.:l or bcinq clowr)cd rr)d dccoreted u.idr fillcrs.

Thc Prnnthcnric Fcsti\,el hed bccD reorgauiscd, it sccnrs, ir1 j66 B c :lnd rhc
l,rcltcr Paruthcnlia wcrc thcn hclcl cvcry fcrur ycers rvirlr glrrtes inclrrdiug
,9, SLftho\ ol th (:ttt rlrlctics, the Lcsscr arrnuelly in rhe vcars bctwccn. Thc vxsc! rclcl to thc
Ctu\tt. Chrr|t n,lh ,,r rncr. Thc prizc vescs carlicr thlln thc Euphilctos Pairltr:r show sonlc v:rricty.

167
 Chapter Seven

PANATHENAIC VASES

r) .cr ics ofbl:rck figrrrc vescs is clistingrrishecl b1' their shtpe, dccor etion tnd
r 1,r thc rrrscriptiorrs upon thcn1, rs prizc vascs for thc l)auethcnaic Clarlcs
r \rlrcns. Thcy r,crc big oil vlscs (usrrirlly 6ll-70 cl). hiuh), und thc clistint
rr t iqht hlrrdlcs, nrrrou, nccks errd fi'ct dcrivc fronr a type of Attic sroragc
' , hich eppc,rrcd first ir1 thc Lete Ccomctric pcriocl, drc bocly usualil
,..,

,9t ()tp t)l th( Letll6\ Ct.\'. Stlyt\ r tl n" ,t,t\ 1,' rtcd bllck, thc neck sonctirlcs with :r simple patterrr which hes eerrcd
rlr fr thc ll;rrIc S()S arlplrorlc. Thc PanerhcDllcs rrc dccolatccl by bleck
I , LLrc:lltists lvhosc othcr work wc cilll rccortlrisc, but thcy rvcrc cspccially
,, ,, rlissioncd by thc stetc. Moreovc'r-, thc shlpc, dccoretion:rnd bleck frgurc
, r rirluc lvcrc rct;rillcd lor thcnl long lftcr bleck tigurc rves eblncloncd firr
L, rllirrv wilr'a, as wc sh;rll scc-
l'hc canonicll shipc ilnd dccorrtion rvas csceblishcd by ;rbour 53o l c lud
" rrlry look rt t\.picrl cxirnrples of thcsc ycers bcfrrrc considenrg lhcir
,' r,ius, latcr dclclopnrcnt, xrld pnr-posc. [:97] md [,u9d] givc thc lroDt ilncl
l,,1, of rrvo P:rnethcnrics bv thc Euphilctos P:rintcr, thc cerlicsr artist qf
,r lr,rsc prizc vrses an,v nurllbcr hrs sttrvivcd. Thc ncck clrrric'i a nor:nal florel.
( )r thc lront Arhcrlir stlttlds, hcr shicld:rnd spcal rrisccl, stliclirg forrvlld but
,,,,1 .rctivcl,v cnq:rqcd 1lg]inst rn cncrlry, xrld sLrrcl,v hcrc rcPrcscntiDg l ctLlt
Lgc which nl:lv havc bccrr irstellcd on thc Acropolis ancl pl:rycd sonrc rolc
r thc ritual ofthc elLnrcs- At cithcr sidc irrc f)orjc colurlls !uppolting cock,i.
,9a ()U, rl th( Pl\tiat (:ln\\. H. t I 7 :9j I.(tus.{dnik.\. Wk1t1r}r t\\6n ;PrLt^ r.rc vcrc votivc scLrlpturcs oD colurrDs orl thc Acropolis, bLll thc cocks xrc
?tNl.. .ith l hti!. H. Jq ' lrcr rrrrcxpcctcd rnd eri.- laellcrrll) c\plrirlcd as syrlbois of chc spirit of
,,,rrrpcririol1 (cock fights fignrc on orerry crrlicr vxser. B1, tlrc lcft-lrend
,, lnrrru is rhc inscription,'ton Athcncthcn rrhlon' 'onc ofthc prizcs frorn
'\ lrcns'. ()n thc rcv crsc :r 11 cvcrlt frorn thc g:rrrrcs is shorv:r hcrc a loor rlcc.
1 ) llcr c()ntcsts co rlr nr oniy sho wn arc tll c horsc rx cc, cha rlor rxcc, Iloxing xncl
L

, lrcr cr,cr!s irr rhc pcnt:rthlon (lurrPirg, -i:rvclin, discus, rvrcstling and thc
,LJt rilcc). Sorn.'tinlcs thc triirlcr is irllroduccd or r victor is shown bringtng

' horsc ir 1r45.:l or bcinq clowr)cd rr)d dccoreted u.idr fillcrs.

Thc Prnnthcnric Fcsti\,el hed bccD reorgauiscd, it sccnrs, ir1 j66 B c :lnd rhc
l,rcltcr Paruthcnlia wcrc thcn hclcl cvcry fcrur ycers rvirlr glrrtes inclrrdiug
,9, SLftho\ ol th (:ttt rlrlctics, the Lcsscr arrnuelly in rhe vcars bctwccn. Thc vxsc! rclcl to thc
Ctu\tt. Chrr|t n,lh ,,r rncr. Thc prizc vescs carlicr thlln thc Euphilctos Pairltr:r show sonlc v:rricty.

167
 'fhc errrlicst *ylistic.rlly end so pcrheps of thc letcr
,i6o,s is thc llLrrrl,rrr
Arnphor.r l.u96J rvhcrc uc. scc Arhcue's orvl orr the rreck, e scluerly Arr
Athcnirenr.ldrcirscriptiorrrvithlrnlclclccl,cirri,,.llru...,.,fh.-".,,.i,rt.1,,,,,,,
lr.rr,
ott thc Icvcrsc is l ,tvDoris tcaru (nvo-horsc or -ntulc cxlts). SiDcc this rr rr,,r
iithlctic it coulcl bc curlicr thtn thc rcorsanisation but it is i;kclv thar th( r(.\\
sclics ofvascs rvus inluqrLrltcd xt thu \.urru tirrrc t)tlrcrc-rrl) r,,.,,1r..1
,,,,r,.
vases:rrc' also morc- ir formative th:rn thc l:rtcr oncs. A fragnrcn I ilr Hlllc
lr, \ l,
closc't() L\'clos, sho,,vs thc t'bot recc and slys,rrrdron,,;ofthc nrcn,: rhis r,,
usurllv tukcr to be thc crr.licst to shorv :rrhletics, brrt thc lotus on its ncr l Ir,r
llrcedy_lost its cclrtrii spike irld thcrc is rnothcr cur-1y frrqnrcnr florr: rlri
Acropolis, siruilarly inscribcd lor nrntrcrs, o:rc of rl.horn hes still thc ol,l
f:rshiorrccl rcd f:rcc. ()thcr vescs rlan)c thc trvo-lcnsth foot rlce (di;rrrl,ri)
showing rrnrc'cl runnels: tllcv ennoLu)cc or,r,lcrship, , dieulodrouro(rr) crrrr ,,
or victoly in rltc shcljon, 'strdio(rL) endrorr nikc,. llclos puts a vicror bcl,,r,
Athcre ud rclcqttcs thc inscription to thc rcvc,rsc. Thcsc cari1,pl-izc v.ls(.\
onrit thc cock colunlr)s ilnd thc- Athcnes st:Lud 6:rt-footc,rl.
Thc cock colunrns erc sccn firsr on l)an:rtbcnrics l)crr C;roup E, by lirr
kias Iro6] end by thc Slving Peiutcr. Exckius,onc r.,.vl,,,i,rg.,r,,,r,pl",,.,
prizc v:rsc, btrt tirh thc rnscription by rhc risht hand colrrnrr."Thc Su,inse,,,
rrc r1ot il)sctibcd irs prizcs. ()rr onc ltc puts a Hcnltcs bcsiclc Athcn:r;rncl orr
Jnolhcr [/1J1, whcre a rnortrljoirrs thc dcitics, thc- rcversc reco].ds .thc hor.sl
of L)ysr)ikctos u,j11s'.
Thcrc lrcI nulltbcr ofothcr unrphor:rc r,vhosc shlpcs lpproxinrltc to tlrr.
prizc .,,rscs in varl.ing dcgrccs lnd r,,,hich clrry tirc Achc:ras, oftcr tl:r.
colunlris, ilud the tlhlcti. cvcnr\ )s wcll xs rDr.tsicel contcscs (pipcs p1:rr,crs)
rvhich had problbiy bcen adrrriftcd in thr, sixlh ccncury, lrrrl cr,cr lcrob,rt,
arrcl spcclators ot1 a vrsc inscribed -,r r 'rtr,cl ti.r rhe runrbler.. .k.,Jos r,,r
kl,bistciroi'. Sonrc ofthcsc rnigltt bc 1.r rze v.l\u\, bu t Lr Lr\rur.rrr drcl n,,t wrn oil
:rt this detc, ald tllerc lrc ordinary arrrphorle rud othcr shepcs rvhich borro,,r,
rlrc Panathcn:Lic sclrcnre of dccoration eud nrust bc ,n".jv souvcnirs. Tlrc
Don-prizc I)aLnathctrirics oftcD dcvietc tn, , b i, i,r rrirti:rg colu r[,, .t,.1 .rd.]ine u rr
owJ or othcr ligurcs, rl,hiJc I lclv r-eplecc thc cocks b1:cuuldrons, iions, orvis or
disci and oncc by nrele tiqurcs.
With thc Lceqros Ciroup [_zgg,-7ool \\c \ciJ thl! srr.rtcr Lrnitunlritv hl(l
bccn esteblishcd for the prizc vascs rnd thc rrtist.r r,,111111q1i,,,,.rl t,, producr.
tllcnr lnorc oftcl r_cpcat the s.nrc shicld dcvicc fbr thc Athcnrs ofouc scrrcs.
PossibiY thc dcviccs rvcrc dictltcd by the rlrasistretc rvho ordcrccl thc vlscs
fronr cliRi'rcnr pxillters to hclp identify ,, Ir,rtfl,. Th" frrst gencmtjon ofrc(l
figrrrc lrtists sccnrs r)ot to lr:rve bccn irvitcd to producc prizc vrscs, :rlthouqlr
onc lrasnrcnt hrs been rhought pcrhxps thc wor.k ofEupirrorios_ .I,hc Euchr_
ridcs P:ri|tct is thc lirsr t.ccl figorc araist to h.r\r
F.lIrtcd LD\ Irrnbr.r, rtr tlrc
1..r. .'rrrrrl .Ld l(r \ou.,rrrd lr..i, Lrjl,,rr..l Lr..rrrrcof rlr, .,,,.r Jr,rrr,_
guishcd nanrcs in rcd fieurc thi-' Klcophrrdes Peirre:.f3orl (l)cgJsus
blr_
r68
(gorgonci:r) rnd the Achillcs Peint-
,',,.i p(rhrps the llcrlil Printcr [-;ou ]
strrrd in thc rraditioull pose bur thcir drcss
' I r,, r'l (gorgo eia). Thc Athcnas
, ,,,,,,t,l.,rit"ii rhc athletc 6gulcs rctldcr xll thc oc\\'skills in drar'ving brrr
"ua
,,, rlr, o[1 rcchtique- The vlscs rhcnrselvcs hxvc higher shouldcrs with nrorc
\\r rlrrrs coDtot;s xnd hcavicl-lips and fcct. [u thc seco d iralf of thc ilfih
,, r,Lrr ir is tlol so cils\ to idcntify Paintcrs of prize vascs \vidl knorvn rt'd
ri,LLrL ,rrtists but groups can bc disti:reuishcd (thc llobinson Cirotrp, thc
l'. rrl, Lr ( iloup [3oi]). We do ,,ur l.rok lor signetures on Pllzc vases but
Sikclos
, ,,,, ,l ,,,r, r"riri l, r.liii11g his orr the colurllrl ofonc irl thc late sixth ccntury errd
cc tury (Bakchios, I{ ittos and lx)othcr) '
I ,, LL r\ \ign onc or tw; irl lhc fotrrth
i,, ,,. riiif, ccntury thcrc wes xr lcist onc kxlos inscriptiol ([297] on thc
, l,l: Plintcr is n:rmed).
;Ltier rvhich tlrc Etrphilctos
\\'ith thc lourth ccrltllry conlc ilnovatiolls. By thc righr hand coluun
,l l,. rl ir)scrlptions nrnrirrs thc erchon lor thc'ycar. Thc eerlicst rvhich clrr Le
,L 'il,l,, ."rt,rr.,l ,,",,r"s Hi;rpo.1",,ras, ofi75/4 uc:, but Bcezlcy sr'rspccts th:rr
, .rr listiialli carlicr vrsc'nlrncd l)yrhoklcs, ofrgz/r BC. On thc colurllls rhc
, , ,, l, .rrc rcplecccl by s,vlnbols, diffcrcrlt cxch ycAr, usLrilly a st rluxry figtlrc or
,,,,,, 1r. Thr: tllrpholl sh:1pcs bccotnc nrorc fcrnininc, rvith gencroLrs lips,
,1,,,,q rh,r.,1d.r:s, slcnclcr rlecks and il)klcs. Thc colurlllls slirlr lo xr) imPos_
.l,i,.rrchircctur.rliir-rnarldillthcaa)-o'sthcindividuallcttcrsoflheillscriPtiul
,', , lrorizonral. Thc Athcnas wcrc xlrcxdy bccominq pin-hcldcd lrrd gro-
r, , urll'c'lorrgttccl irr rhe lrtc 6fth ccDtury rncl thc proccss continues.Sonlc
, ,,, t.t.u".,r'359 end 34lt tlc Athcrla turrrs to facc right, hcr shicld raiserl to
I, .., cn obliqllci-v 6orn u,ithil lJo5l. Shc wcars a cloek drapcd ovcr hcr uPPcr
,,,,,', its .rid Ileritrg in s*'ellorv tails which also affcct the hcnrs of hcr
,, \, i :rrl carly twcrlticth-ccllttlry fashion p)rtc' 13cez-
gilrnlcnt iuld chitorl : likc
l, r'.'rl,rrks, xnd thc HoLrblc Croup of 3S6/5 D (i nccds llo cxPltnllion lJoTl-
llr t rr.hilc shc is Itrrnnerccl, arcllaisirlq, thc ethlctcs reprcscnt ihirhfirll,v thc
t \\ scrrlptur'rl proportiors er)d Posct ofthc fourth cctltury Bcsidc thc[r nray
,l,l,crr t;:riDc1s, Nikr-'or, oncc, x pcr-sonilicittioll ofthc Olynrpic ()enrcs, a
,,,rrrplinrcrrr to thc scDior lcstivel aucl gerl1cs.
lLc larest clrtcd v:Lsc is of I I2/ I I R(lbtrtPAn:ltllcrr.ticsxrcslillbcingrllrdc
, rhc rhircl aDd sccond ccntulics [;oE], nxnr;]g othcr oficials - l trctsurcr
lrrLrriirs) or stcl\.rlcl ofthc srnlcs (egonothclcs). Thc shxpcs cx'lllgcrxtc r11d
, L,,,rltc thc o1d sinrplc lornrs ,urd thc stylc is :r 1:rirrr pcrfunctor y rcflcctiorr of
,r rr,rt bllck 6grrrc hlcl bcen. lltlt thc v:tscs wclc still velLlcd, and erc showll
()11
,r ,ll plir,trngs el)d Irros:rics, orr l)el()s of the first and sccond celltury B(l'
\, i't,rt]e cxplains lbr us that thc .rchorrs u'crc rcsPonsiblc lbr providing oil
t,, th.^ prizr's fronr thc secrccl olive trccs. Tllc clllecl vascs ir'c oDly ofYc'tr\ ill
,, r ich tire Grcatcr Pmxthclrtix wcrc ,?ol helcl arrd it t es th c cluty of omc jit ls irr
r r( \c vcirs to lly LIP thc stock for rhc ycer ofrhc g:Ln1es:rnd to thc
'ollllllissi()n
,,rductioDofthcvlses,whichdxtcdtllcharvcstillthcsltrlcu'irythxtvilrtilllcs
i,,'r".htcd by ltrchon sttnlPS irnpressccl on lhc h:rDdlcs of willc illllpllolilc
 (lrrrr rr.t irr Arhcrs). So,rcthirg of the or.dcr ofonc thous:lrrd \\,.'r(.
liilrlrrr'rl lirr_prizcs rl cuch g]n1cs a strDt rvhich brirrgshorrtc tlrc eppellirlgl1
'ilscs
1,,')
'1,',r,lr.Lr(..t,,1, rn,,\r t)l(rrrilirl ,rrclracoloqi;l cviclcncc irlr'Arch.,i,
,rl,l ( l,\ r. rl(,r.r,,
'Ilrc vlscs ltcl thc.ir contcnts rtril,lhr bu suld
by rhr r.L.trr, rr,hr.h cxol;rirrs
tlrc uirlc clistril.,rrrior oftl,cru tlrroL,qh rh. (;,..1 ,r.,rl.l'.,,rd .r,,,.,.f. ii,
fr,
s()Ilc ntrr\t hr\'c :rccoruplnicd victors to thcir !IrilVcs ljkc thc vescs:rt
cui lr
corrcr ofa slrr-cophrgLrs in l:rrcrltrLr)) errcl nrlny wcr-c declicarcd in serrcrrr
itrics.WhcrthccstttcsofAlcibilrcics.tu.lntltrrd.rc.r.rrt,rr,,ttlrcHcrrtrrlvcr.i.
soirl rrp in :[r j D(: ovc] onc hurdtcd r,vcrc clisposcd ofrt
pr.ia" ,,t
hrif :r clrrchnre. Anotlrcr rrcusurc oithc-ir popLriurity ru,r."urlr" "u"."e"
.,r,ri] i,i.ri,l.l,
rhe shrpr rr.rs ri,piud ir \tur(. t,,r trwcilcri, fl,r srr"ii
v,rsL.s,,,rcl ti,,
tt.1 ftqtrrr vrrcr dcc^r.Lr(rl \ itlt \ .,rroLls scctrc!. Ofiiciul 1,..fi,,,c
tDcasrrrcs ofthis sh;r1,,
l-r'rr .,r'.\rlr.,r.r lrur.l .rr,,r . , j ,, r
. . 1 ir i,l.r, k ,rrr rr. L l..l ,,l ,.rrr.,,r,,.r
. . , r,r

J'ublr' l:lll(.\ .rr( tjtlr/t.,r ,t,i.tjntr\ i.r ,1,r..

1

.!qt Iiit! nht t,l l\t\11hd&i. r t trhj,,ttnttLlto r_ydaj

, t.. l\ Llth.ttit rtrl,ldtt ol1fu f' tlr
' ,1,l ntuN!).Ll-6t 3
 tr ])a ith. at. rnphan al Llk t.t:dlras Ctu\q)
2q7 P ,nhuiit Lthon l,y nk L rhil.tr! ,99 Pd nth. diLn rhaLrr)ltl1( I.n$'\
Prifilu l atu rnr). H- 62'5 | | tt Pd'ldthonit dnphott ht ttu Klrclhndcs Pdnnd

,9E ltdtdth.ndit noryhon bt ttu hthilct(t Pa"t1u

 t ntrhtrat, utllrrt l,y tlt llLtltt l\trrtrl

| : l\ irthnrl r tlr\r ltt tlr .lltill.\ 1tli tt,

tot . ,/1 .thtt rilt, |l to1 l

't Itt..l-,t.. qlt.rt.t'1. l'11.Lt".t 11..
 i
I
I

r)1.2 t\untln dit r lrlr\d \'l ttu Ktbat ()1\tp

, t\ufihdfuit dnpho t)l th. rhbltu CNry. A11lo$hil

t t, ! lrrl(lrr, .tj6l 5 l:l( :

t06 h ntltnnit dtnthrll,, /i,. \'il.,k.roj S.rn: ,4rr,',,/,'/,

rl K.phi\\\b.!. i,1l.! BC

to5 Pd nlh! ni. a,rlr\d,,,,r Nil.fld.lr.J,!r,ri.J. ,4riro,rr//,

al ltytln\l(1\,5, .j1615 BC. I L [,;
t,o3-)-: I\rlttlhlan n thotd. Htllai\tit H.7t'l

Chapter Eight
ODDS AND ENDS
Six technique
This technique is named after the scholarJan Six, who discussed it in r 8llll.
its simplesr form ir lnvolves layrng on figures in white or red on an all-bl
surface and incising details so that the black, not the clay, shows through.
technique had been used in details on Athenian black figure vases for
men's faces with featurcs incised, and for some shield blazons from thc
halfofthe sixth century, as [47], but it is not used for completc figures or
whole decoration of a vase until about 53o. The general effect is, of cou
that of red figure, but it l.rad already been used outside Attica (in Corin
Boeotia and East Greece) for whole figtues and major elements of
One of the first uses in Athens is on a Nikosthenic amphora (was this
ofhis innovations?) for studies ofnaked girls fjogl, and in this case thc
black vase recalls the all-black Etruscan bucchero it is copying. psiax will
another user and the pottcr Sosimos. A small group of stamnoi and ncck
amphorac [3rz] ofthc end ofthe century used the same red that was used fof
details in black figure, but the main pcriod for the technique is the late sixth
and early fifth century and most examples are on lekythoi by the Sappho and
cspecially the Diosphos Painter. These scem to have introduccd the use of0
pink colour for the bodics of men instead of white, more closely resembling
nature and red figure, and they incised some detail as in outline, on the black,
It is not only used for small vases, and the Sappho Painter's name vase is a
hydria (kalpis) with the poetess drawn in rhis techniquc [Jri]. It is rhc
technique used iu thc fifth century by Etruscan vase painters when 6rst thcy
take note ofred figure and try to imitate it (Praxias Group) since it dispenscs
with delicate brush-work and the tedium ofbackground filling, but the palc
paints used ate fugitive. Finally there is a small group of mid-fifth-century
oinochoai (choes), mainly from the Haimon Paintcr workshop with unin-
cised red figures on the black.
Polychrome
There arc a number of late sixth-century phialai [313-4] including nrany
from the Athenian Acropolis, decoratcd in white and red ovcr black, witir
I r78
t
Irrtlc or no ir.rcision, on their interiors. Thc subjects are dolphins, fiips'
orloplrses, florals, rarely 6gures. There are earliel Chian phialai decoracccl
with white and red florals within, inspired by the reliefpattcrning ofbronzc
cxir)rples. Sosimos made a phiele including a lloral band ofrcd with incisi'rrr
oI lhc lllack, which is a techniquc used earlier on Rhodian Vases (Vrottlia
(lroup). So it seems possible that these rare all-colour essays in Athens wcrc
rrrspircd by East Gteek work or artists.
Miniatures
Mirriature versions of major vase shapes were used for dedication in tcmplcs
,rrtl rombs or for toys. Thc most important Athenian sixth-century serics is
llrc SwAN GRoup, roughly decorated with swans and lines ofdashes. Altrost
,rll shapes are represented, even odd ones like eggs and bells, but in cups thcre
,rrt only skyphoi of Corinthian shapc ('kotylai': the swans on thcsc arc
lr,rintcd upsidc down [315]) perhaps because Corinth
was herself an activc
i xporter of miniature skyphoi. The shapes copied indicate a range in detc
liom the second quarter ofthe century, perhaps to its end, tojudge fron-r finds
irr Athenian gravcs. Othcr sixth- and early fifth-century miniatules decomtcd
witlr stripes and blobs (notably kothons,jugs and fecders) seem to have bccr
rlcstincd for funerary deposits in Athens, perhaps all for children. Many otl,cr
srrtll, but not strictly impractical versions of common shapes were made :rr1d
rlccorated in the ordinary manner throughout thc black figure period.
Miniature Panathenaic vases were made in the carly fourth century,
l,rcsumably as souvenit vases, and naturally decoratcd in the old techniquc,
likc their models. This is thc Buras Gnoup [3t 6] to which many othcr
rniniatures, not black figure, are assigned.
Black vases
Wc might have expected that the figure decorated vases which have bccr-r
tliscusscd in this book represented only a minority among the clay vases rlscd
by sixth-century Athenians. It is remarkable, however, that the unpair-rtcd
Iottery ofAthcns in these years was designed for storagc or the kitchen, not
li)r the table. We must make allowance, of coufie, for wooden cups and
l,llttcrs which have not survived, but there is one series ofclay vases whiclr
scrved much the same purPoses as the figured ware and is often of high
quality. These arc the black vases, painted all over with the fine black gloss
|iint, somctimes with added red lines or with rcserved bands bearing thc
simplest decoration of stripes or rays. The production of these black vascs
rloes not, however, exactly tally with that of the figured vases and may bc
briefly summarised here.
The big black oil or wine vases which in the scventh century had SOS
dccoration on the necks aie usually plain in thc sixth century - all-black or
r7t)
 t) t'llil,.\trt,,lt il|,.W t, t

N9 Nl, nltuh Mphrtn Sb ttlnilu, H- t, ,rJ l;l)t,h,r d ,&, Sil,, (a'.ut. Ll- 5-6

tt, N.tk h\ntutd. Six t.d qn

jt 1 Hydrtu lkdlti!) hy th( Snpt'ha l\Nto ltn k

nv). Sis trh i.tt(. Sappho
(tl liqu
tt ) Phinl(- Si!

tI6 llli|idtnt. l\ tnthoni

n ryhdn ol ttu Buld\ Ctott.
ltt Cltttl),|t lhrtrlt ll :t s
 h.rrr,lc,l u itlr rlrrrrrcrl p:rirr (clccor:rtiorr
brossc')-'i 1r
-1he
srlrrLl;1rd lDrphor.r. ,, ()fthc lirrllr,.'r clrss tlrcrc is tllc l'j.rirrrr'r ,,1 tlr,
.rLjigr.rnt\ ol rlirect copr'ists.
lrrrlri,r.rrrtl .r,llct sh.rpc\.lrl poorl\ rcprcsclltcd irr bleck, bLrt thcrc rr.c rr:rr rr I r,. .,1en Lckrnis \\'ho IuovcLl to llclrllY ll()co!iil lllis sccrllr to lr.rrL lrr r rr .

oin{).lloiri, sL vcr,rl pclikui lnrl psl ktcr,i lrld ln irclcr:tl thc lltc si-\th ccntrrr\
\(cs.rrr incrc.ls. in thc pro<lLrction ofblrck virscs. Spccillitics in biirck ofrlr,.r,
vcrrs errcl i.ttcr ur-c stcnt tcrl plltcs rlld clishcs. Lt thc first h:rlf of thc sirtlr
ccl)ttrr\, h()\\'cvcr. bllck:illtphoflskoi wci-c collllliolt (sontc rctlrirring rlt,.
S()S ncck),llrhough rurc in bilck filrLrc, rvhilcbl;rck iekunei long ourlivc rlr,
shipc'spoplrlilrit\firrtjgrrrcclccolltioninAthcns.rr)dsul-\'ivctoirb()ut.\tr,
Anrorg lck,, thoi ()rrl\. thc carlv 'l)cirririr' shepc i\ conlnron in bllck, brrt rr,
Lhc cerly 6f_th ccnturv sontc cLlrrclt shitpes hlrvc bllck bodics r,uith or.clirrrrt
shotrlclcr clccoretiol (I-ittlc Lions encl fiont thc Atltcntr Plintcr's uor.ksltol,)
()icrrps thc (iorinthi;rn sklphos rhlpe und its Attic clcr.iv:rtir'cs rr-c c()nllr(,1
k)gclhcr \\'ith .up skr plroi. fhc t,holc mngc of tborcd cuPs, 6.or:r thc korr r.r,r
to cvc cups, is ucll rcprcscntcd ir bl.rck (bur rrot lip cups). TItc e.rr.licr.or,..
ou,c much lo ln oidcr l-est (ircck trlclirion (the so clllccl Ioniun cLrps),.rrr,l
thosc oiSirnl shepc h:rvc rcscrr ccl lips, hendlc zoncs ercl bot.lr brncls, olit.rr
\itlr closc sc-t groups oi:cd lincs uithin thc rcscn ccl lip or toncjo.
Athens or Attica ?
Tht'conrrnor pnrcticc ofcellirg Athcui:rrr Attic
vascs clisguiscs thc possibilrtt
tlr;rt thcle \\'crc fottcrics proclLrcinq firrurc clccoratcd v:rscs clsr.-utcrc ir A tr ri ,r
rhiln in Athcrts' p()ttcr s' cluurrcr. Tltcrc tvcrc rlen v rich lou.lships in th c A t tr,
coLlrrir'\'sidc iu thc si:ith ccnturr,, nt;rrkcd bv thc Iillc stiitlrilry irDd v.r\(..,
rcrtrvcrccl fionr tlrcit cc'nrcrcrics, ltncl nten,, sourcL-s of cl:r\ othcr thel llt(.
nrliri clav bcds ilt Allrrrousion ,iollc t\\:clvc kilorrctrcs tionr tbc ci11,. Thcr c r,
trnlikclr to hrvc bccn irrrv rpprcci.rL,lc tlitlc-rrn.r rn rtvlu.,,rhrr rh.Ln irr tlr,
$ ork o fclitlercDt hrnrls, so thc- possibilitv ofdctccrion lics il distriburion, u rrr l
this cer bc I rrrislc:rding euidc, but \,\'c hlvc sccll thtt soruc c.rrlv bleck figrrrr
peil]tcrs rrc'so t'llr rcplcsctltcd onlr'at Veri, ill southwcsr Atticr, r.r'hich u.r,,
clc:rrly a11 jnrport.tnt celrtlc.
Il is clslcr-,,r,lrcrr drc proclrrctio:r is rrrorc spcciuiisccl . votivcs ti)r:l lo.,rl
si cllr;rr\. fhLrs at Elcrrsis, thcLc iuc \onlc vit\cs ofcllstiuctivc dilpc [1r I .rrrrI
pl:rclrrc'r of the flrst helf of tirr.. si\th ccnrLtry, bl pl1rttcrs not rcprcscltc(l
clscrvhcrc lrncl shor.r'ing:iturl sccrrcs uppropri;rtc to thc wor\hip ofl)crrctcr
And et llrltulor rn cest Attic:r, \,hctc drcrc rves e sJDctuerY of Ar rcnris, lhcr r.
hevc bccn forrnd r nunrbcl of lootcrl cretcrs in err unincisecl snlc of 6lilr
cctrtrtrv c1ltc, shorvire niikcd qills cl rrrrrrr{ [rrrl rnLi Llr.rrlr rel.rtin,l t,r rlri.
locrl crrlt orrlv.
L l,ti!c xrc.r, \\ihcrc \\c cilll:llto (iclcct thc nork ofpairlttrs trrrtt rtrLrr' lr'
\r rLrri.rn (lorgor Plintcr.rrrtl rhc KX l)rirrtcr'. Irr tht scrorrrl lr'rlt ,'t tl"
L, ,Lllr:\i lD Athcrriln, Trrsl,ls, signs xs P()ttcr t\\o skvl,lrt,i rrrrl ,r I' rr,tlr,r"'
,, ri,h l'clc 1tt:ldc in Bocotit 1rt1d orc of tltclll clccor:rtr'tl irr.r IJ"i"rr'rrr
,, frcr b1:rckpol-lchrorrtc,t'ithirlcisiollilllclcoloLlroll.lll.rll IJ.r, I'r1r"r "'l
I , (lA 1r,L l) tNTER is itrr rrrlsl \vho Ilrs llithcrto bccrr t;rlerr Iirl Atlrt rrr'rrr.
,rrril:j cup sklphoi irr e L,vcl;rn stllc, but hc rvrrs protr,rbl,r u,'rLrrr1l rrr
ll,,L.otir.
ln Eubocl, .irolhcr closc ncighbotrr to Artlc.i, :r slroDgl) A lticisirrg st1 lc ol
l, ,, I figurc hes bccn iclcrrritrcd, rr spcci:r1it1'bcirrg anlurtls or firlrrr-cs l.rclrLrg
l 1., h ol rli ircisiou. F.rctrie rvrs lhc princiP.rl ccntrc, end il sccnls likcly rrow
rl l \onrc qrorLps of v.rse\ u,hich hed bccn tirkcn ibl Attic propcrl,v bclorrg
t ,i r tirc wrtcr, irr Lrctri:r or sorrlc othcr Eubocrtl lor,r'tl. This sccllrs tlrlt, trf'
ot thc l)oLPutN (;Rour or lck,vthoi (shoLrlclcr lck'vrhoi of thc rrricl
'rLrrv
L rrrLrr),rnd Iirtcr) rltd scvcrel othcr hydrirc lnd enrpho:ltc u'hicJr hlvc plsscd
,, Atlc. Clev rnelvsis by crllissior) sPcclr ogrrPh,v hls hciPcd to is()lalc !hcsc
l, i .cs froll) thc Atltcrtien scrics, illd thc s:1olc lcchniquc hclPS tls to plxcc
th('
l\rJLArA (lr.^ss of srtrlll rrcck tnrPhorire il Sicily. It is likcl,v tlltt othcr
r,l rrslrncnts to our ju(lgcrncllt of wh:lt is Athcniell uiil hlvc'lo I)c ulildc.
l'in:r1lv, at cirhcr siclc oflhc I)ildrncllcs, iIr tllc Trotcl lncl et Elaetrs u'hcrc
'rLhctls rvts ilctivc clulirlg lhe sixlh cclllurv, thcrc .rr'c ll:1llv srn'rll eninr,,l
ttsttelly \\'ith urlinciscc] birds ls thcir on11'
izc vrrscs, ofrctr leklnei :rr1cl
tlld problbll' of
,1, L oretiorr, \\ hich rrc rclxtcd ro thc Su,rn (irorrp lllitliattrl cs
1,,, rl rr:rrutictrrrc.

Emigrants and lm itators

WhilcAthcns'bllckfigLrrcsctestrndard1brorhcr(l:cckstrrdiostoiirllor,.or
cnruliltc it is not clsv to tracc Adrcniun irliLrcncc oursiclc Articl irr thc l or L
,r!, AfrirrF/'/,,,,i,/r., H. it 5

r il2

Chapter N ine
SHAPES, NAMES AND FUNCTIONS
Athcniln pottcrs ofbllck figurc vlscs wcrc not thc flrst in Cirecce to sisn th, rr
urc:ks rl,ith pridc, but it is with Athcri:rn sixth-ccntr.lry vascs that wc..ur
begiu r<) r nrore conscious intcrcst ofthc pottcr in his r,vork.'1'lris rr
sllspect
r-cvc:r1cd by rclincmcnr oilip end foot proEIcs, end lttcrrtion to, for lnstarrcr',
rhc nrodc'llirg oflcss irnportlnt llcts likc chc undcrfoot lerturc's which c,rrr
servc rs critcria for thc idcnti6c:rtion ofpottcr lvork as cfcctivcly as clct;rils ol
dra*,ing carr rhc pairting. Ilcfincnrcnt, invcntion, irnitation, nrav all :cvc,rl
the potter rs lr.,"lrcboth ofthc comnlcrciel aud precticel veluc ofe good sl:;ry,t'
lnd ofits vduc as a 'r,r,ork oi urt' (ifnot cluite il orrr scnsc of thc tcrm). lirrr
nrodcrn corunrcntetors pcrh:rps havc bccl cluickcr to obscrvc rll this thln tlrr.
potlcr would hevc bccn, and es e rcsrLlt it is rvich Achc:rian black figurc tl:,rt
scvcrrl rcccll invcstigetioDs hevc bcglrn in an attclrrpt to rccovcr thc Prrr
ciplcs ofproporrion or 'dvnenric synuuctry ' tvhich govcrnccl thc sh:rpc's rrrr,l
dctaiis of tirc incr vrsc shepcs. Whcrc thcse studics itrply l knou,lcdgc,rI
gcorllctry far bcyoncl thc wit of aDy ancient potter they can be igDorcrl
\\,ithout lorc ldo- Thc rnost thcy rnry dcmo[strrrc is rhat :r ' atura] ' curr,,
u,hiclt plcascs thc c) c nlry bc c\pressed nrathematicxlly. (icrtrirrly thc shrpt
irr rircir overall ploportions end dctails rrriry otrcn bc rrrrdcrstood in tcrrrrs
\lllich wc can irs rcldily apply to othcr rvorks ofthe (lrcck artist, in architr t -
tlu-c or scLllpturc. All this brings us too repidly, too Gr lronr thc blsic trrrrlr
that (lrcck vascs are frllctional, that shape was dcternrincd by siltplc rrccrls
to storc, nor ro spill, ro suir thc lip, to hold hclvv liquicl, to kccp cool, a:rcl s,,
-
on. Obcl.ing thcsc rlccds thc shrpc can also be acljustcd to ccho function es irr
thc bxesy outlirres of liquicl colrt.incrs rnd clcly rhc'erchitcctrrrc'oflip,
Dcck, bodr., foot..fust as iD thc dccoration, the painter nlxy try ro cnhencc tlrc
cllcct of shapc rs js no[nlrliy truc iu black ald rcd fignrc convey
or
throngh picturcs his vicrv of myth or life in originrl iltcrprct:rtion ofstock
rhcnrcs.
Thcrc lvas undorrbtcdly sonlc rlreesLlring and standardisation, quitc epitr
fronr thc spcci:rl rccluirclDerlts ofe fcw shapcs intcldcd to hoid sct qulntltlul..
Thc rccks, bodics and fiet oflarge vescs end ofthc rDorc.uticulttcd nltlll
or)cs wcrc norrrrally throu,n scperatcly on thc whccl, thclljoined. Thc pctttct'
nrLrst havc uradc blrtchcs ofnecks, bodics, eDd indccd lids, arrcl thcn nrltchcrl
r ll4
tlr, rrr up. To evoid wastc hL'would huve nludc thc p:rrt\ to ,r .t,rrr,Lr,,I .rr, rrr,1
t ,rc is closc corrcspolldencL' of DreasurenrcDl iI v;rs,s rrlrr, lr \((rr, lr,,rr
,l, t.rilsoiportinqrnclprinring,tohavebccn prodtrccd liorr orrt rr,,rlrlr,,l, rn
L.r,rlrpcriod.Ovcrrllchrngcsinpropor-tiolrcirrrilis()bc()l)\crr,,l .,rl,r,,r.,l
l rr.ition t'ionr stoul f()rrns ro slcndL'r oncs, with J rctLn n l. nr1)r r r,,l,rrsr rrr,l
r r 1ic,-l tornrs by about ) Io, soon eftcr thc iDtrodu.tiorr ol lctl lirltrL, rr lr, rr
.., \Lr:rl nc\v shepcs uhich erc purcly pottcr inspircrl (pclikli, k,rlpis lrrilr.L.
., rrros) also nlrkc thcir eppcitrinccs.
lhc irllrrcncc of :uctul vrscs orr thc shitpcs of clilv virscs ts rvortlr ,r
I L,nrcDt's ertcDti()n. Thc lbrrncr, csPcciitll) thc clccoritccl viscs, nru\t.rlui.r\s
lr. , L.bccn the mor-c valuirble. Sonrc'shepcs in Athenirn blrck figLrrc, lrkc thc
y,irL,rlc eucl cliuos, hrcl bccn bolrolvcd b,v clrlicr pottcrs fton1 rhc rrrcr.rl
\\L,rkcr's repL'r-tory. L)fthc rrcu,shlpcs lhc volutc'cllltcr in pluricLrlur ptob
,1, r oucs its oliqin to rlctai prototypcs, but not Athcniln oncs. ()thc[\\isu
L r. nr:ly bc dccorltive fi'rru:cs copvint nrctalwolk. Thcsc rrc'rrrost pro-
rirncnt or hvdfi:ri errcl oinoahori, both poprrl:rr bronzc shapcs, lrDcl rvc scc
r,,LL llcs :rt rhcjunction ofhendlc lncl lip, u,hcrc roo r hnnreu [:30] or lninrel
r,.rJ in thc l()und rlny look inro thc vcsscl. Thc schcrrrc with thc hcrd is
,,,, r'orvcd tLr sonle kv:rthoi I t 7 t I. Prlrrrcttcs uud si:u ila: dc'viccs fol etrrching
rr, trl hrrrdlcs to lhc bod,v ofrhc v:rsc rrc:rlso copicd itr paint oI rclicf-. Thc
l,,,rro1,ing5 rrc l]cvcr slirvish aud rhcrt'is e rcturn trlffic wirh:r blonzc
,,r ktcr.
I'hc rcst ofthis chrpte:-is dc'r,ored to rn eccornrt oithc fLurctioDs rncl DrDres
, lhc vxsc shepcs \\,hosc clccoretiou has bccu stuclicrl ultclcl,l. Somctinrcs thc
,1, r'clopnrcnr of a shrpc or thc inverrrion of a rlcw onc hes provcd xrl
rl)ofleDl clcDlcrlr in thc story of thc dcvcloprllcrlt oa st\rlc, rl1cl thcsc
s ,,1,{(r1,11io115 rlccd Dot be rcpcrtcd xt lcngth. So thc follorving cDtlics slull-
r.Llisc lrd cross-rcli'r, encl rhcv cln cll onl,v uhcrc no crpllnetion h:rs lrccrl
, lcrl lbr :rlrcedt .
Anrphorae
L lrr, llrgc rrr'l ariplrr)r.?. ofthc lxtc scvcnth ccnturv l5l delivc lronr ['roto.rtti.
r.rpcs aDd do Dor long continuc to Lrc nradc. Thc usuel forrrr ofthc flrst halfof
rlr. sixth cerltulv lnd littlc I:rtcr is snrellcr, ovoid, u,ith sinrple c_vlinclricll
lr Lrrrllcs to nrid ncck. Soon efter rhc micl ccntrlry thc colnltlorr t'brtrr lres triplc-
, , rlcd hlncllcs lr,hich rut nrorc srrroothly irrto rhc ncck, end thc body's cenrrc
'
, I qritvit,v is highcr lr 86l. Thcrc erc sonlc firlc plump cxrnrplcs b,v Exckils
I r rJ Anrlsis ldJ, gzl brlt thc lypc is soon st:rndrrdised, with p.lmcttc cross
.Lrtcrr)s bcrcrth thc haudlcs (eD older East (ircck pattcrn), cnrphesisirrg thr.'
l,rr-els rathcr than thc spinrls which bcttcr' ;rrtists nraDagcd so wcll, rrd thc
,r qcr v;rscs grecluallv givc placc ro a crop ofsnrall neck amphortc arout,:l lrrl
L ll.r Joo B (i l -21.1-7 ] rncJuclirg :r nLlnlbcr of ' dotrblccns' rvith doublc-rccrlc.l
riti
 Of spccial varictics the Nikosthenic and its successors may be not.
handlcs.
edU4g,2t4l, and thc neck amphorae of Elbows Out [rj8], wherc thc
splaying neck, high body and strap handles may owe something to bronzc
shapes.
Thc belly amphora, with a continuous profile from lip to foot, is reprc-
sented in a few massive examples ofthe late seventh ccntury [3] and remains I
popular large vase, acquiring by about 6oo its usual scheme of decoration,
with pancls sct in thc black ground on either side. The earlier variety (Type B)
has a straight lip, rounded foot and cylindrical handles Ir 8], and continues to
be made into the early fifth century. Soon after 55o, however, a morc
elaborate shape is introduced (Type A) with strap handlcs having flanged arrd
decorated (ivy patten) edges fFtontkpierel, soon a palmette drawn in a rcscr.
ved patch below each handle, and a stepped foot with the'riser'to thc srcp
left plain after about S2o [163). The Afecter has some amphorae with rollcd
lips and simple feet [156], a type continued in red figure (Type C).
The name amphora, or rather the Greek form - amphorcus, conveys i1g
shape: 'carried on both sides', so with two upright handles. The types wc
have noticed are mainly storage vases, the plain examples of which are thc
neck amphorae with narrower necks and fcet, which inspired the shape oftho
decoratcd Panathenaic amphorae and Iater the occasional black 6gurc
'pointed amphora', which may be provided with a cylindrical stand [2ogl,
They could have held oil or wine, or small solids. The ordinary belly and ncch
amphorae are commonly lidded, the former with mainly black lids patterncd
around knob and rim, the latter often with broad-striped lids, matching tlrc
overall patterning ofthe vases. Rarely they carry 6gure friezes. The knobs arc
usually like fruit, sometimes drop-shaped.
Pelil<ai ate decorated like belly amphorae but are generally smaller, with
rolled lips and a sagging profile [zro-z]. They appear 6rst about 5zo, and to
judge from the scenes on some of them a common use was the storage of
oil Izrz], perhaps perfumed rather than culinary. A minor variety is the ncck
pelike.
Hydriai
Water jars are identified by the arrangement of one upright handle for
pouring, with two horizontal, for lifting. The tall slin.r variety, or loutro.
phoros-hydria, has a long history in Athens. The more pmctical variety, with
globulat body and cylindrical ueck [5r], is borrowed from Corinth in the
early sixth century. About the middte of the century it develops a shoul.
der [74], which becomes progressively flatter, while the mouth flares, the sidc
handles curl up more and more, and the upright handle has knob and rotcllc
attachments inspired by metalwork. This is the standard black figLrrc
type Izor]. The so-called &alpis is introduced by about 5zo, with a continuolu
r86
hody profrle and rolled lip, and there are many smell iatc cxrltttplcs lrl tllir
sh;rpe in black figure [276].
Oinochoai
l hc earliest ofthe common pouring vases in Athcnian black figLrlc is tllc o/2r',
its profile from lip to foot a flat S, usually with a broad trcfoil -rrrotrth,
,,,rictimes straight, and with a high-swung handle Ir3]- Thcsc arc frcqtrcnt
lr or-n the Gorgon Painter on, and in latc black figure the lip may bc r hcavy
'echinus', sometimes decorated [2-r2].
Oinochoai with a sharp junction between neck and body may have high
(tllas t) [z59] or 1ow (Class II) handles and often boast a pronounced coller'
'l'hcy appear no later than the olpai, but arc relatively scarce until thc-second
Ir,rltofihe century. Plump oinochoai with a pronounced S profile and trcfoil
lips (the latcr 'droas ' : Class III) are rarer, and not earlier than the mid century'
livcn less common are beakedjugs (Class X) which copy a metal shape, and
( lypro-Jugs, for the Cyprus market and copying an eastern shape with
hLrlbous body and narrow conical ncck.
Wine mixers and coolers
'l'hc sixth century sees thc establishment or invention ofall the open wine-
rrr ixing vessels except the bcll crater. Th e old skyphos-croter like an enormous
'
, up, &..r with conical lid and foot [6], does not survive the early sixth
, arrd may rever have been a vase for the symposion."fhe columt trater
",,tury
ruls copied fiom Corinth by potters serving the Komast Group-and was
known as the 'Corinthian crater' in antiquity. It has a flat, often decorated
rirn with rectangular handle plates over the hoop handles, which eventually
reparate into two supporting 'columns'. It is most popular in the second
,1,.,,r.te. ofthe centutylf5] and then loses favoru, but is never forgotten The
flrtnqois Vase [46] is the earliest Athenian uolute .rater preserved complete'
l.,rter examples usually have all-black bodies. The neck is higher than thet of
thc column crater and thejunction ofhandle and lip is eflected by a heavy,
rising scroll. The shape may copy Peloponnesian bronze vases' The earliest
sLtvl.ting calyx crater is by Exekias (r. J3o) [r oJ], who may have inventcd the
slrepe. It is like a heavy cup with high straight walls, offering the painter a
g,rod fi.ld with only a one-way curve. A broader, squat variety has a short
vogte
'ThelzzTl-
lebes or dinos copies the metal shape, with rounded base, but may be
grlovided with a high stand [r r, z4]. The Gorgon Painter's name vase is the
lrrrliest Athenian bLck figure example and it is an important shape for the
l)ctter paintcrs before the mid century. The sranaos has a low neck,high body
,rud horizontal side handles. It is a red figure shape but there are black figurc
t xrmples ofthe end ofthe century lt9j, ztg, zztl-
r87
I A psyltt,r is for cooling wine. Standing in a crater, full of well watcr
srrow rt plcscrrtcd.l mirxrmurn surface area to lhe coolant bv beine E
rlrapcd wirh fit'srr.m . lt appears firrt by abour
"r 5.:o, one ofrhe er.li'"*t
most elaborate being by Nikosthenes [r54]. In black figure a few,
miniatures, arelidded and have picrced lugs or ears at eith; side. A rare
cooler.takes_ the form of an amphora with an inner wall open
to the Dc
and a shoulder spout for the outer enveloping cavity. Ther. e*"raples
the third quarter ofthe century (decorated by Lydos ^re
[66] and the Swi
Cups
The development of the Athenian cup has bccn adequatcly discussecl
described in the earlier chapters and I givc here refe.ences only to text
pictures: komast cups, p. r8.[2r-z]; Siana cups, p.
3r b4_6, jg_42, 44_5!
merrytho_ught cups, p. 32 [37]; Gordion ."p,,- p. 5S 1to{i aarla
p. 59 [r o9]; lip cups, p-ss r jl; typ. a ."p,
tr 1"y.'.,ip,i p.'i;; i; rri;irp.
cuPs, p. ro7, as [84]; Droop cups, p- 6r
11r 8l: Cassel cups. p. 6; trt] ; ilhal.
cidising cups, p. ro7 1t761.
There are one or two covered cups ofabout
J3o on, with a decorated covct
made in one piece with the bowl, leaving a mouth hole.
Ofthe deeper cups with horizontal handles the straight_lipped type which
i copies the C-orinthian kotyle (often called sbyphos in tf,is p.iiod) b"lorrg,
to
early black figure down to the earlier Siana ct,ps
[23,315i, and irlikosthenct
revives the shapc but without figure decor"tion. OrLer skyphos types are
developed by the Little Masters and have been discussed rl.."ay, Urria rky.
phoi (p-. 62, ft jzl)
1nd Hermogcnean skyphoi (p. 6u, [r3r ])_ From abour 5 3o
onthe heavier-walled skyphos Irdt-z; ,45 71 b..orn", popular and remaing
so-into-the fifth century, and there are stemlesses *hose body shape is tJrat
of the footed cups [i84-j].
, The ruaslos cup is shaped like a breast, with nipplc base [167]. The form is
borrowed from Corinth, and shown hanging oir the wali in a scene by thc
KX_Painter, but the few surviving Athenian examples are all ofthe second
halfofthe century. Mastoid cups have a narrow flat ioot, flanng lips and one,
two or no handles l:741. Thel rre produced rbour 5oo and lrt"cr trr Amrsis
made a skyphos of roughly this shape, with vertical handles. The shallow
phiale, with or without a central navel (omphalos), copies the mctal shape
ancl
is rarely decorated (only within) by the Ltest blach figure artists altirough
there are some decorated in Six's technique or polychrJme
[313_4], perhalps
copying East Greek types, some miniatures ofihe Swan G.o"p, Nit"i_
thenes made plain black ones with a tongue pattern around the -navel. ""a It was
a
vessel especially for libations to the gods bur could be used also on
ordinary
occasions rojudge from rcpresentation5 on vascs.
Ofcups with vertic alhlndles the l<antharos is the most important, although
r88
it is not common as a shape in Athenian black figurc atrd tuorc oliclr scctt llclrl
hy u Dionysos. Nor is its iurmediate origin clear, but it hrtc{ I vcry loll$ ll iit(ll y
iri lloeotia. The best are quite early - Komast Croup and N ca rchrrs witlt li'w
lirrcr [/22]. Some dozen surviving one-handled kantharoi bcltlttg ttr Lltc ycrtrl
,,rt,t,,id 5oo. These, like thc kyathoi Ir7r] (dippers witJr sirrglc, high vcrticrrl
lrrrrdles and straight walls) which seem to have been invcntcd by Nikostllcrrcs
irbout 53o, were for export to Etruria, and both copy Etrttscan bucchcto
slnl'rcs. In these circumstances it is odd that two ofthe one-handlcd kanth:rnri
bc:u Athenian funerary scenes since vessels so decorated werc usually for lr'tcel
rrsc, but these travelled west [zzo].
Statdlets for cups are small rimmed discs on splaying feet [318], and the
rrrrlicst surviving one is from the hands ofKteitias and Ergotimos, no less'
Bowls
'lhc lekane, thcavy dish with ribbon handles Ir9, z9], is an early black figure
slxoe which survives lo the period ofLydos Some are lidded (for these
the
few bowl lids only
rl rire lekanis i" ofren preferred by scholars), and there are a
ol-ebout 5oo (Edinburgh Painter). The shaPe had been known in Athenien
( icometric ,".,ion had survived in the istands' The Anagyrus Painter
^rri "high walls
[30] and in the first half of the century there
rrr.rde one with are
,rccasional other o!en chatiie-iike bowls with straight sides Sophilos makes
onc vasc with a body like the Chian chalice [28]'
Thc .o-called kotiori is anorhcr earll :hapc l33t lr is characterrsed by its
irturned, dipping lip which Prevents sPilling. and may have been used to hold
p".f.,-.d *"t".1ioil, althtugh some scholars have taken them for lamps'
i'igu.e-de.orated examples last to the mid century and have b-road tripod
tic't [381. Later ones havi splaying Get; most arc all black exccpt for- a pattem
r',,u,,i the mouth [3r9]. Some ar; lidded. The ancient name for the shapc may
bc axaleiptton or plemochoe.
Oil flasks
'Ihe earliest Athenian llack figtre lekythoi' by the Gorgon Painter and his
lbllowers, may owe a little to Codnth, since some have spherical bodies Ir 4],
but thcir pronounced feet and cup-shaped lips are new' The elongated
l)eianira shape Ir5-6] lives longer, beyond the mid century, but by about J60
the variety with an offset shoulder is invented [77-8]. These shouldei lekythoi
;rcquire straighter, but still flaring walls, but after about J3o they arc soon
,"piaced by iekythoi with cylindrical bodies Iz5o], the type which survives
thiough the fifth century. Some classes of the latest blaqk figure lekythoi
,cplac-e the swelling lip with a slim chimney mouth [278-9], and thc. Little
Li,on shape lz6t-zl, perhaps invented for the Sappho Painter, has sloping
r ll9
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 book s orr ( irccl, vrrscs. ( jor vcrricncc ind thc corlvcnri()lls ofrcccnt schol:rlslr r1'
lr.'r.,,,
r,, r.rllr,',rt,', rilr..l,,,r,.r.1,'r.rlrun. -,f .r,,.rr.,r \.
()f thc (ilcck u,ords I, ;1r)d othcrs, hevc Lrscd to dcscribe shrpcs, rirr
lbllouirrqsccrrrspccifi.illlyconcctlortheshapesindicetcdIrcrc:anrphor,rl Chapter Ten
(thc Lutin lornr, enrphoril, is llrorc comrnorll\r usecl: k;rdos ilnd stxmnos \\r(,1
xlso trpplied ro thc shilpc in untirluity), hydria, psyklqr, lckvthos (but uslrl
rneinlyti)rorrr''atybllloi'),klutheros(perhapselso;uiclbetre:callcdkotl,lor), RE LATIVE AND ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY
cr'atcr, lcbes, lebcs glrr)ikos, phirlc, ulubastrotl, oillochoc, plcntoch()c, nllsl (,\,

1hc follorving xrc scncricrllv corrcct: skyphos, kotl,lc, iouterion, k1.r

thos, olpc (epplicablc ro r u,iclcr vrrietv of sh:rpcs includurg our ':rrybu lios '). l).Ltes for Athcnian bllck ligurc vrscs hlrvc becn siven in clris book irr
starnrros (rlso lp;rliclble to xnphorec end probably onr 'pelikai'), krrl1,r,,, r,pr oxinrate but ebsohrte ycxrs D C, and rlot eccording to :lnv schcnrc ofEurly,
aryballos, pvxis, clrous, lckanc, cxalciptror ; and k ylix for a cup ofen y lirr rrr, Nliddlc and Letc, such xs Dcccssxlilv donriretcs nrost stllclics ofprchistr,llL
cspccirlly rvhat rve call 'skyphoi', usueliy epplicd rlowada),s to stcr)rr(.,1 1,,,1tcr__y.Thc,vcouldelsil)bc'convcrtcdtosucheschcnrcbutthcrnovcrvolrld
aLlps. ,, r'ctrogrlde sirrcc:rDy ettcnrpt to dcfillc closcly thc'stvlc' ofu sub period is
Thc follorving rrc \\,ror1g, but in conrrnon Llsc lbr vasc shlpcs (rlrc r,..rl L,,,Lrnd to bc sccorrd bcst to thc sr.lcccssfui idcntilicttion of paintcrs lnd
mcxninq is indicltccl iD brackers): lorrtrophoros (a mortal r.r,lLtcr bc;t|tr1, rr,,rkshops, whi.h cerr nrirkc it possiblc to clistinquish:rnd phcc lccurlrc'lv
kothon (a cLrp), pclikc (cup, lr.rg or bo,,vi), dilos (cup), phonniskos (srrr.rll l,,,rh the old fashioncd rnd avlnt qrrdc errd can obscrvc thc rrrastcr-pupi1
baskct), onos (footrcst). r, .rtionships. Much ofthc rvork ou peiltcr ilttribLltiorl cel thct bc sccrl to
lr.rvc sc:ved to stabilisc r lcliable lcletivc chronolosy ior thc vescs- Thrs rs
l,,r tificd tncl confirrlcd by meny parallcl stLrdics: thc cvidcncc ofdcvcloprng
r r|cs; the evidence ofdcvclopinq dccorativc nrotivcs, such :Ls flor;Lls, or thc
,1,,rt,ilE of 6gur-cs lrrd clrtpcrl ; thc ktlos irlscriptior)s. In rhc chaptcrs ofthc
\t pxrt ofthis book this lelative chr-onolosv has bccrl lcccptcd ercl, whclc
1,1,l)oriunc, bccn dcironsrrltcd. Thc possibilit\, ofcrr()r rcnlri s. Ifvesc A is
,l rtccl ' lboul i:o' encl vasc lJ ' rlloltt J I o' this nrerns no nrorc lh:ln th:lt il tha
,,1,'ervcd plogrcss ofsrylc or rclationship ofthc peiurcrs involvcd A is slightl,v
, r licr r,vork thlrr lJ, Lrut ifthc paintcr ofA r,vas a youne innov:rtor, thc peintcr
,,t [] er oldor.ltist or orlc ur1\\,illing to charlllc his sr},lc, thc vescs could bc
rr( rr corltemporary;rvhile ifthesc qualilies rvcrc rcvcrscd thc ebsolltc glr;r
rqht bc grcatcr. Wc usc thc tinrc sc:rlc as a colrvcn!iorr :lnd convcnicncc, LIrt
r this pcliod rnd r,r,irh thcse v:rscs thc scqucncc rld rrtc ofchxr)gc proposcd
, Lr) bc trcltccl rvith somc conlidcucc. ()nc 1:rst fecror ilfli-cting this'r'irtc of
, r.rngc' is thc volunrc ofsurvivinq pottcry :lssigllcd ro dillc'rcnt pcriods.
I rcre .ite obvious dilngcrs in rhc rvish to sprcxd st\,lcs eud peirtcls cvcnly
tlrr oush 1 qivcn nurnb.'r ofvears, bLrt there ar.' eqLlillly obvious dc6cicrcirs in
.r rv schcrrrc u,hich:rssigns d:rtcs in such a \\.ey thxt apprcciablc gaps ofnon-
l, orllLctiolr appcar rvithout c\pl:lnrti()n.
'Ihc stylisric s.'(lrrence irr Atheni.lr)
,.rck frgurc is sccurc cDoush to :tvoid this clrrlgcr', but thcrc is e hlrnrlcss
rL ldcrlcy to ussiqn d:rtc\ closc to thc rriddle or cllcl of ccntLlrics Bc or to
r rrrk irr qLrartcr ccDrlrrics tlc, rvhich arc obvior.rsly lllcitninglcss.
Thc ebsolutc clatcs r! c proposccl dcpcrld oD othcr flctors. Ilricflv, thcrc lrc
, tcu, tlirl),rclieblc lixcd points to which thc st,vlistic scclr-rcrcc cen bc pcgucd,
J)o ])yxj\ \,1 ttu CNry al !h( Oxliid Lid. Hdrkl5 t,t t), LL), lirAlar hnt,' H.rt 5
fieht: Apollo liv thL tipotl r 93
the gaps thcn filled by judicious observation ofthe probable rate of
progress of painters and workshops, and volume of work produced.
criteria for cstablishing these'pegs'are ofvarying merit and can be
classified as follows:
(r) Vases or styles dated by events. This usually means their presence
contexts which can plausibly be associated with dated historical events.
are few of this type in Athenian black figure and the historical ' dates'
sometimes imprecise. Marseilles (Massalia) was said to have been fo
in 6oo and the earliest ofthe early Athenian black figure pottery which
been found there is in the manner of t}te Gorgon Painter. In J66
Panathenaic Games appear to have been reorganised. If the earliest survi
Panathenaic prize vases l2g 5-61belong to the first or the second ofthe
games, then Lydos began painting in the late 56os. An Egyptian frontier
at Tell Defenneh was probably overthrown in the Persian invasion of5z5,
it were found pieces of standard neck amphorae of the general style of
Princeton Painter. After the battle of Marathon in 49o the Athenian
were buded in a tumulus which contained several lekythoi by the
Painter [256] and some with early Haimonian elements, and the Plataeans
rightly identified) in a tumulus which has two late black figure plates,
loutrophoros and more work ofthe Marathon Painter and from the Class
Athens J8r. In 48o the Persians sacked Athens' Acropolis and city, and in
following years the tidying-up filled pits, wells and Acropolis terraces
the debris. The latest material fiom the Agora includes Little Lion and
Haimonian lekythoi, CHC skyphoi and a Gw Leafless Group cups.
Acropolis evidence is confused.
Another type ofdating by event might be from the naming ofcontem
raries on vases but the kalos names prove of limited use in this
(p. zor); or from the identification ofselect myth scenes used symbolically to
celebrate particular events, but for these we should require some literary
confirmation-
(z) Vases or styles may be dated by their excavated context with othcf
objects, usually vases, for which a chronology has been established on othct
grounds. Down to the early sixth century it is the Corinthian series which ia
adequately dated by criteria discussed under the last head. There are many
tombs and sites where Athenian and Corinthian are found side by side, but
most are sixth-century, when, for absolute dates, the Athenian take priority,
although the correspondence of contexts with the stylistic sequence of,
Corinthian is always a useful check. Although plenty ofCorinthian pottery
reached Athens in the early black figure period it is remarkable how seldom
Athenian and Corinthian are found together in tombs in Atl.rens. In theso
years we find the earliest Corinthian pottery at Naucratis in Egypt is of
Transitional to Early Corinthian, dated about 625 to 620, and the earliert
r94
Arhenian is related to the Nessos Painter. Rather latcr tlrc sitc of Old Sttt yrttn
wrs reoccupied efter its sack by the Lydians, and thc clrlicst pottcry il ulc wittt
lltc Middle Corinthian, dated about 58o to 575, with Athcninrr irr tlrc rliurlcr
ofrhe Gorgon Painter, examples ofthe Komast GroLrp, ar)d a Sophilclrr vrrc.
(3) Vases or rtyi".-"y be dated by stylistic comparison with othcr irts or
vrscs for which a chronology has been established. Our dating of c:rllicr
Adrenian black figure relies almost wholly on observation of fcaturcs and
rnotives derived from the Corinthian sedes, such as were picked out in
(lhapter Two. Later in the sixth century, if the name vase of the Spartan
Arkesilas Painter represents Arkesilas II ofCyrene, it must have been painted
in rhe 56os. His other work is found with and broadly resembles Athenian
Siena cups. The earliest sculpture from the columns ofthe temple of Artemis
:rt Ephesus is likely to be ofthe period ofKing Kroisos ofLydia, who paid for
rrreny of them and who was deposed in j46. It shows that stylcs ofdrapery,
with splaying three-dimensional folds, were current in the J4os, at least in
lirst Greek sculpture. On Athenian vases this corresponds with Exekias and
rliddle period works ofthe Amasis Painter. The Siphnian Treasury at DelPhi
wes erected little before 525 and its reliefsculpture very closely matches the
crrly red figure ofthe Andokides Painter, easily related to his and other black
ligure work. ln the same way rathei more advanced red figure can be related
to the sculptures on the new Temple of Apollo at Delphi, built about Jro.
Some other near-absolute dateshave been proposed for Athenian sculpture in
thc sixth century, notably for the breaking ofgrave stones, but these depend
much as anything on comparisons with the apparent dating ofcomparable
rus
pottery, and form no secure basis for argument.
195

Chapter Eleven
GENERAL DECORATION
Thc clccor:rtion ofAthenien black figurc vescs was dctcrntinccl by r varictv ol
ftctors, not the lcast bcing rhc invcntivc skills of :r lumbcr ofgilicd:lrtrstr
rr,ho fottnd nl this colnprrarivelv hunrble creft:r satistictorv rlcl cllcLtr\(,
mcans ofexpressine thcir vicu,s of myrh end lili, on objccts <)fcvcrvd;ry us('
BLr! ruost vlrsc plinrcrs \\,crc lirtlc bctrcr than hacks, cl)do$cd \iith vrr) r rli
dcgrccs ofconrpetcnce rnd originality, \\,hosc work fills our firr Lrs this ri{ lr
corlspcctlrs ofthc de.()retivc arrd narretivrl- xrt of^n irllllreutiul city rhlorrqlr
tnorc tharn a cerltul y,
Thc carlicr historv ofthc craft in Athcns phyed its part, brLr thc qrrrlirv ol
lhc nlonuulc[tai nrrrative scc]les on Protoattic vescs ofrhc scvcnth ccrrtttrt rt
tbr r lvhilc subducd by enorhcr influcrrcc, that of thc prolific schools ()l
Corinthiln vesc prirtinlJ. These, as rvc heve sccu, introduccd thc rcw
tcchniqLrc, es,,vcl1 ls rcw shlpcs tnd stylcs ofdccorrtion, notirbly thc lrrirrr;rl
friczc sryJc. For thc contcnt ofligurc scerlcs (lorindlixn v:rscs xrd othcl lrts, ir\
ofrclicfbrorrzc worL, hclpcd dcl'irrc thc rcpcrtory ofsccncs clrau.n upon by
Athcniau plintcts, but apart frolll sonrc stock sccllcs ofmych or stock figulcr
Jikc korrests, thc Athcniln sccms ro hrve bccn quick to invctt 11cw sccncs or
cstablish llcw convcntiois; quick to obscrvc novclties ill orhcl pxrts of tl)(.
Crcek lvorld ln lwercncss pcrheps cnlrarccd by rhc arrivll ofartisrs fi,,rn
outsidc'Attic:r (sce pp. r:, r6, 54); cluick ro obscrvc co sLllrlcr dcln:1rlrl;
lllolc lcldY roo, ,,r,c rnight cxPcct, to iook to poctry and stor'1'-tcllirrq
whcthcr rl,rittclr dou,n or not, for fresh inspiritioll, iud to cxpkrit rlyth irr tlrc
intercsts of politicel svnrbolisnr, llthough this is dillcult to jrldec ir)(l
irrr possibic to provc (sec pp. z r 6, :: r lL). Dcspitc thc li rllitations of tcchniLl u r
l nrxstcr iikc Excki.rs cotrld rlisc his crlft to d1c sratus of a ura.jor ert :rlltl
prcperc tllc wey for thc .lchicvc rcnts of carly red figure.
Thc rcasons ibr thc choicc ofligurc dccoration on a bleck figurc v:rsc urc
s()nlctinlcs obvious frrreral scerlcs oD 11 rituel vasc irrtcndccl for thc grevc.
dcitics ou votivc phclLrcs, convivi;rlity on drirrking vessels. IJut whcr, li)r
insrancc, deities or cult scencs rppcar on vxscs ofordiniry donlcstic shtpcs u/(
Irray rlot rssunlc thrt thcy wcrc dccorirtcd lor a specific prrrposc. A higlr
proportion ofthc survivi g conrplcfc vases were folutd in grevcs, bnt whr
thesc vases lre ofordinlrl,shapcs thcrc is no disccrnibly dclibcratc choicc ol
t96
Lhc sccDes ptilltcd or) thcnr rvhich suqqcsl\ llt.r( (lrr \ rr, r, rrrr,l, l,,r l,
l,llrfosc ()1rly. Somc:ittrll viscs ccrt:rirrlY rvcrr's,r rlr':r1lrr,l rrr,l r,,rrr ,,1
l.rsks nraY hrvc bccu bought for r brrri:rl, brrt rrrrrrry,,l tlrL otlrr r lrrr, r rl r r.
.1rorvsignsofprcvir)lrsr.lsc,evcnofrcPeir.Merrr'.rrrtlc,tl rrl()\t,,r|( lr,,rrr rr,,r
(;rcck, Etnlsciln graves. Plrticular vasc scc)rcs nrel rvell lr;rrclrr'trr lr<'i1',,1,l
ir l cLrstomcr, end therc arc r_alc cxanrples of l sccrrc .rf p.rr errtl \ .rirrr,,l .rt .r
r:rrkcr likc thc nrarrv Acrcas ;rnd Arrchiscs sccrrcs uhich rcuclrirl It.rlr'.
rr hclc thc nr-vth hrd a spccial locltl rclcl,lrrcc. 1)ut thc lrcqtrcrrt rcpctirr()rr (,1 .r
'icnc bv ln arlist suqgcsts tllat thc clloicc nsually 1ey with hinr. Evc:r rv]rcrr tlrc
t,crrc is topicel or of possiblc local synrbolic siqui6carrcc, ()r rliLrrrcs irrr
,\ rircnirn ,v,-ruth, thc vesc oltcn travcllcd to Etrnria \4ficrc xll thcsc points rvcrc
l,rotr.rbl,v lrlisscd :rDd they nray onl,v ltevc bccn :rpprecietccl during l bricf
l.cliocl ofclispley in Athcns. I imlginc thc Athcniart potrcrs'qu:rrter to hrvc
L,ccn lrtrch ficqucnrcd by rhe ordi:rarv obscrvirnt Athcrri:r:r. It lav bcnvccn
lhcil nllrkct pllcc arrd il gatc*,ay, bcvoncl rvhich rl,es onc of lhc princip.ll
( .l1lctcrics: n good pllcc to rva1k, talk, :rnd look.
Intcrcst in rhc contcnt ofdccorxtioll lcd xwry fronl a propcr intcrcst irr thc
r..or11Drod;1lio ofdccoretion to shepe, rvhich wc nlev rcqrct. Ho\\,cvcr, thc
r Dqc' of clecol rtion errd the gradual stcrcotypirlll ]lld dcvcloptllcDt ofscrttes
r
rrrl convcrrrions ir Athcnierr bleck figure, nrrke possiblc hcrc es in no othcr
lielcl of (ircck :rrt, a derailccl stucly of thc cvolution ofe ' Olessic' st,vlc- Irr thc
lirllor'r,irrg scctior)s rlrl ittcrnpt is rrledc to dcfinc:rnd to describc thcsc
' 'r\ \ rrlri 'rr\ .,rrd r lr, ir drr.l.,prrr, Irt.
For corrvcnicncc- of discussion corlsidcratiorr of rhc work of red fiqurc
rrtists hes bccn avoidcd, exccpt in so far rs it xllccts rlrc st1.lc ofbl:rck ligurc
.rrcl dcspitc thc lirct thlt tir pllt of thc pcriod .ovcrcd it rl,es tllc DCu:
rcchnicluc th:rt rttr:rctcd the bcst trtists. This arro raly hes litr1c or no
,lctrimcttal cllccr on this prrt ofthc book- Apert tionr a ti'rv drared sccnes,
rncl e vcrv fcrv copicd, thc l:ltcr blxck figrrrc' rcpcr-tory, cspc.ixll-y ol. iililrrc
\(cllcs, has rcnrerk:rbll littlc ir conruon $-ith rhc colltcnlpolilrv rccl tgurc
r .pcr tory. lJut ir should Lrc rcrr:rrkcd rhet it is only rl,ith thc rccl ligulc of thc
ilfrh:rnd tinrth ccntrrrics tlrrt it bccon)cs possiblc ro provc r n)orc clclibcrrlc
rrltc]-cst ir1 drc choicc ofscencs for vases ofcoDruron shlpcs.
Conventions
As in env elt rnxilly collccrrlccl rl,ith urr'r-lltivc sccrlcs irlvolvillq llunrrn
ligLrrcs, Athcni:rn black ligLrre bccanrc subjcct to convcrrti()ns of plilnn;;.
|]()sc:l d colllpositi()r), u,hich rcquirc \ortrcvufiet rrrorc:rpplicxtion fror1l r.rs t()
u dcrstxnd rlrru thc,v did in ruticluiB,.
Thc colour convcnrions t-c sirttple. Whitc p:rirrr is used ft)r \l'orlrcD's flcsh,
.rlthouqh rhere rverc a1u,at's sourc plintcrs \^, iro cl_cw thcsc perts in outlinc xt
lcrst on sorrrc vrscs (c.g., Sophilos l.u5l, l(lcitias 1161, thc Anresis P:rintrr
t t)7
I o"-i, ,t'7. ,r9l) .rrrrl cs1,r'L r.r l11 lirl isoirtcd like soreoneia 169, ?9ol or on hcx(l
lreads
(lr|\ l/r-5. ,rIl; \\,lrile tl)crc rlc rirrc ruid-sixth cclr!Llrv cxxrnplcs of bl:rck
'rl);llc'llc\lrlirruorncrr,uudrtiet- joour()nlen'slleshh:rsrobebieckonwhitr-
WorrcD's cycs lr-c usuell_y r]1n()nd-shapcd, n()l thc rlrxlc seLrccIs,
gr'()11r)d v.rscs.
xr)cloficn irrvc rcd pupils. ()n1y ghc 1s.1.,.6 p,:rils ofcycs on c,vc.ups ilt1d tl)('
like nrc crlciirllt sh:rpcd lyjlh lhc lcxr duct llrarkcd alld cvcn soirc ofthcsc
lrc ' lcnrxlc', xhlond shapcd. The observen t rcadcr u'ill havc noriccd thar rh c
rvhitc painr olten hrs nol srLrvivcd on thc vase, and rhar meny womclt illv.
black ficcs, blank bccer.rsc thc irrciscd dctail ou rhe ovcrlyins, no\\, nlissrrr11,
r,vhitc did not go decp cnough (nor should it) to scorc thc blxck. Thc l()sl
whitc can bc dctcctcd on worrcn's flcsh or shield blezons, fol ilrst:rncc l)y
rhe drLlled biack bcncilth it. It I.rsts better o11 rhc clay grornrd itsclf. Mllc flcsh is
'plein', in this cesc black, but on carly vases it is nrorc oftcn over-printcd rc(1.
indicating a weechcr bcatcn tan: rvheu komlsts undrcss we sc'c thrt thcy hir vc
sr-urly chcsts too lzr]. llut this disposition ofcolour is not rlwrvs logical, urrrl
in thc sccond quartcr ofthe century wc scc sorDc rcd chcsts bciow black ficc s.
Thc rcd nrey bc uscd for carly rnonster faccs, cvcn lcmule (sphinxcs,
sircrs [82]), but is abandorred for nreJcs by al:our the middlc ofthc ccntLrr v
although cvcn Anresis oflers two rcd-ftccd Athenes and there is a rcd-farcrl
Hcreklcs ol e Nikosthclic c'yc cup. Red and whitc arc othcr\,isc usc(l li)r
prlrc pattcr11, or for a rough iIrdic:rtion oflight and shade stripcs on drapcry,
:rnirnel ribs and haurlchcs, or thc palc hrir:rnd flcsh ofrnene and beilics. ()rr
vescs ofClroLLp E, Exckias aod sorr-rc lollowcrs wc solnetjDres see a wxrrior's
grclvcs paintcd onc bleck end one (thc'farther) rcd, but this docs rlot sccrr rr
obvious clsc for distinguishing light and shadc and thc purposc is obsculc.
sil1cc thc dccorativc valrrc is sliirht. There is lcss ii-clinir for thc usc ol
comperlsxting coloul- Dlasses thxD thcrc was ir) Clorirlthixn vesc painting, urr,l
brold arcas of abstrrct patten) were evoidcd although thcrc arc it tiu
rnlphorac and cups ofthe rhird quarter ofthe ccDtury on which much of I lrr.
bocly is covcrcd rvidr f,rt srripcs.
lndications ofagc are vcry simple. Thc yours arc smalicr bLrt in thc s:rr(.
proportions as adults IFrorrfispir&,] : small childrcn arc not givcn largcr hcir(l\.
Young rren are bcardlcss. Old nrcn have whitc hair, which may show rrs
thir riirg or as a 1)rcrc fringc. Thcy 11ray stoop on sticks. The occxsional o](l(.r
lady is rnorc portly. Expression hardly goes bcyond an opcn mouth or st:r rir rll
cyc rnd is bcttcr rcndcrcd by gesture. There arc very few grotcsquc or
nlalformcd nrortal faces and only in thc sccond half of thc ccntury rri,
Africens givcn curly hair, thick iips and snub noses [9g] (compare the carlicr
pyenlics on thc Frenqois Vrse [46.8], wiro arc iittlc mcr)). Frontal faccs;u(
gclrcrallv grotcsquL', or separated fronr thcir bodics, or both (s:rtyrr
[50.2, t77], gorgoncia [69, r77], Dionysos Ir78]); but on whole Ggurcs tlr( ]
may serve to 'punctu:rte' a sccnc, as by Exekias at thc sidc of onc funcr'.rl
pleque in a scrics.
rgll
f)eveiopmcnt in tirc rcprcscntation ofrnattor)l:rr(l ()l lilir rrr s rr r .r, r r.rr lr
v r
bcentdequatelydescribedinthefirstpartofthisbo,rk.It is r .rtlr ,, nr( rrl', r
rrlg how vcry slow it wts and how only with thc ir(lvcrt rrl rtrl lrrtrrrr rr.rr tlr,
profilc or combined frontal-pto61e convention clli'ctivcly hloklrr. ,rrrrl llt rr
then not lor heads, akhor-rgh there were occasi()Drl rrrtl srrcccsslirl ,rtt( n r pl\ ti,
rhowobliquc,forshortenedvicwsofshields[2,u3]orwhccls.'llrcrrrrriorrtttl
likc figurcs of black figure fight, run, lllourD, c()rlvcrsc with posr's .rrrtl
.:i.crrru. rvhich,rr( r(puJrr'd lronr q,'rrer,rliurr to l]('nL'r,lrri'rr..rrLi\t r,, llll\1.
Sometirnes greater subticty is adrnittcd or an:rrtist tcsts natrrrc with thc figrrrc
of a collapsing wxrrior or horsc, but wc ncvcr hrvc thc itrprcssi,:lr chlc lrc
bothcrcd to look rt livc nrodcls when hc drcw wholc frglLrcs- Horvevcr, thc
rcprcscntations of running xllord e good cxemplc of how a 6gurc-drawinq
.onvention can be adopted end eventually ebandoncd in levour ofrcalism. ln
t[c scvcnth ccntury rur]ners on vascs lrc gcncrally stiF lcggcd but the
knccling-running posc (Kriclaufl is soon adoptcd, probabiy from thc East
r'hcrc it scrvcd figurcs dcmonstratirg por,ver rathcr than ttrovcmcnt. The
(irccks usc it to irnply action, running or flying, arms and lcgs bcnt likc e
rr.hirligig swestika, and it is vcry cffectivc - cvcn whcn enatomicrlly
irupossible since most early mnners are shown moviirll thcir righr (or lcft)
.rnns alld lcgs foru,ard togcthcr [295]. Onc or two artists coulcl Elct it rillht
l,cfore thc mid sixth ccntury but it was stiil possiblc to m:rke this mistekc il]
thc carly fifth ccntury. By this timc, howcvcr, thc knccling posc had bcci
.r bandoned and already il thc Iest quertcr ofthc sixth ccr)trlry rLrnncrs irray bc
'howu with thcir lcgs only slightly bent[296] and somctirncs with thcir
clbows wcll tucked in. Thcy still run with thc front ice rrised frorD the
g.ound [-;oz-Jl, r.thcr th:rn thc beck lcg [306], which givcs a lrlorc real\u.
rt.itudc only grrdLr.lly obscrvcd in thc 6fth ccntury.
Thc languagc of gcsturcr in black 6gurc is not a vcry subtlc or c-\tcllsivu
,rrc rnd there is rnore to obscrvc irr red figurc but thcre erc e fcw gestures
\\orth mcntioninlj: thc raiscd hatrd, palnr out, for thc vaicdiction of malc
rrrourncrs [265]; hlDd to forcheld for griefor drsrnay [zoz-3]; irand to chrn llr
rLrpplication fronr thc thrcat of dcath 167l or for lovcrs lt24;871 rid
nrxny ges!-lres of remoilstrancc or dcn)olstration such as still cnliven the
( (rlvcrs:rtions ofour Mcditcrrancrfl co[tcnlporirics- Thc wonlcll's gcstllrc,
lrolding thc cloak bcforc the f:rce, is r little enisnratic. lt is somctrncs
.'xplaincd xs a ritlral gesture ofdisplay, but oftcn aIi-ectec{ by gocldesses or
\\'onlcn iD lnomcDls of nr()dcstv or cilbatrtssrncnt (fur contcstallts tt thc
lLrclgenrent of Paris, Helcn rccovcrcd 167,9ol md in u,cdding proccs-
Thc Archaic artist docs nor likc obscu ng hunun fcltrrrcs (which
'ions [77]).
Ls r,vhy u,arriors so often fighr widr their helmets pushed back) and thc
\\{)rllcn arc pcrhaps to bc thought ofprrtly vciliDg fhcir faccs in a qcsturc
ljnrilier cnough still irr Mcditerranean and Arab coLlrltries where sur1, dust
rnd thc vic$, of nrcn arc to bc avoidcd by the llir skimcd. Thc degrccs o1'
| 9<)
l)lt(lr(\ (11\l,l.ryr(l hr s,.rrriors. cvcn i11 ectioD, dcll)onstrlfL'e coDvcrltioll ()l
sorre irrp()rl.rr(c in (;rcck irrt ofell pcriods.
Wlrolr' srr'rrr. i ol both r:crrr c errd rrl\Ithicel contclt ltcquirc convcnti()r)s ()l
coIllpositi()l] elrri posc, sor c ;rlrcady cstrblishccl in thc scr,crrth ccnttrry.
Wirl:iu thcsc tlrc rrrisr is licc to irrtroducc innovations or vary tlglrr(\,
solllctlmcs pcrccplil)ly to irltcr tllc lrctiotl oI l]1()ocl of a ptrticrtlar storl irr
xccol-d u,itl) his orvrr vicu, of it or u,ith r pocnr on thc strb.icct, or cvcr) li)r
pulposcs ofsynrbolism. It is ncvcr clsy lojLrdgc which iflrrv ofthcsc mori!,'\
detcrrrinc thc dcveioprncnt ofparticrrlar sccllcs errd stories, trLrt tltc gcrrcr;rlly
acccptcd convcntions do makc' it possiblc to obscrvc- ilnd spcctrlatc otr dcvi rr rt t
end rhis is rvb:rt nrakcs thc stLrdy of (ll.issical iconogrrph,v, cspccielly ,,1
Arhcnian blrck ligurc.rrrd rcd fiqurc vasi.'s, so vcr), rcrvardirrg. Thcrc u,ill lx
opportnritl enolrglt to clctrronstrrtc rhis iD liltcr chlptcrs but ir rnry hcrc lrr'
rcnrukcd thet artists rlso frccltrcrl!l,v prcsc:rtcc1 cxccr pts tionr lhc sturck sccrrcr
pursucrs rvithorrt e qutrrv ((;or-gons), ulbush r,vithout victim (Achillcs rrrrrl
Trr.liJos),conrptition rvithorrr:rjudgc (rhcJuclgcnrcnt ofParis) rvhich corrl,l
still rcedilY bc recoguisc<l bccetsc rhc collvcllriorls or thc story *,crc rv,ll
krrorvr. Whcn e rlcw stor-v is shou,n ancl:ro inscriptions erc proviclctl t,,
cxpl:rin lieurcs, sonrc (irccks trrev hevc bccn rs tttr.rch i1t ir loss:rs \\,c illc l(r
cxpllin thc circurnstiiucc of tl)c lclions. Thcrc rrc fcrv such puzzics iu blrr, l.
figtrrc, but oD occrsion thcrc is rcesotr to slrsPcct thirt lhc :utisl (the Su irrll
Pnintcr is onc such olii'nclcr) hls lbrgottcrr or-igrrorcd thc point ofa sccrrr',
sccnl;uising rl)yth (with orclinerl club-mcn:rttrcking a chirrr;rcrl) or lcrr rr,1i
otrt vitll clcrncrts (lly tignrcs ruinrins Hcrakles fighring ApoJlo firr tlr,'
tripocl, rvith no tripod btrt r,vith Apollo's dccr bctuccn thctr).
lnscriptions
llcforceborrr5Tiinscriptiolsn:rnrinethepcrsonsshorvuinsccttcs,:rrnrrrrit'1',
thc itrtists illc cxccptional on Athcni:rrr vascs, but u.ithin a fcw vclrs wc scc r lr1
]lrost llvisl) cx.rnrplc ol'tlrcir Lrsc, {)rl thc Frrngois V:rsc l4dl, u,hcrc cv,rt
11r,vthicrl ligurc and l1rost uninrels ;rr,. n;rrrrc'd, 1'rottcr end paintcr sitn lrt i,,',
lnd cvcn sorlc ob;ects of lurriturc erc lebclled. C)u Do lirtcr vxsc xrc llr(
inscriptions so protusc. Sotrc ertists evoid tlrcm:rltogcthcr:lrld othcrs ilr(
usurllv inconsisrcnt in thoir rrsc, sonrctirncs bciug r,vhoily cxplicit, sorrrctrrrr,,
sclective, sornctirlcs silcnt. It is still e rrriroritl'ofv:rscs u'hich carty thcnr. br rt
thcv crn trc sccn to llcquirc x ccrt:rin st:rlus vlluc sincc nrock inscriptiotts lIc ,,rr
occrsioll suppliccl rvlrcrc cithcr thc ertist's litc[acy firilccl or no propcl rr:rrrr, t
ucr'c rcrlrrirccl. Tlrcsc rrorscrsc inscriptions rprpcrr rilrc:icly on Tyrrhcrrr.rn
vascs eDcl latcr piintcrs ci111 son)ctirllcs bc fi)trDcl thouglttlcssly to Ic|( rl
nonscnsc fLmrrLrc (thc Slpph,r Prirrrcr's liiislis, loloslos, ctotot, ctc.). ( )rr
Lirtle M:rstcr cups thc signlrturc or bibulotLs rnottt:r has dccorativc velrrc.rrr,l
rnll bc'rcpl.rcccl bv norrscrtsc or blob lctters t() pr-escrvc thc clccor':rtivc clli r t
aoa
Ilr.rc.irccxeupicstooofsccncswhclcsctlsc'xndll()llscllscstttlttl riilt l'r tr'l'
rLrlgcstlng ;r nrixturc of copying lnd inregination.
I'hc iuscliptions :r;rruc fistrrcs, rercl-v ldrlirrg ;rrr cpitlrtt. .rrr,l tlr, r 'r,,
1, Lcccl in thc tlckl nclr lhc rclevrtrrt tigrrrcs, itlthorrqh orrtc irr r rr'lr.rr.rt,
,;listcl ovcr thc scetrc. (icrrcr:rl captiorts, likc Soplril,r: (i:rrrrts ol l'rlr,,
,os l:6] urcvcryret-c,ilndlcgcrldslt.rrdlvcvcrr[rPcrrr(tlrcr.rr','r,rr,,rr,,Lrrilr
rr rccl titLrlc). Sotlc cxcep!iorrs xrc thc cr)'of rl Irlortrrrel ,rl tl)c ll\ rrrll ()rrl
oiruoi;or'()dvsscus ticcl to his:trast as his ship plsscs rlrc sircrrs lrrs(,,)rr"
' Lrt nlc so'
l:t6] ; oI tlrc oil urcrchlrr!'s ' Frthcl Zcus, rvorrltl tlr.tl I rrr igl)l grl
h [: r:1.
,,
'I'hc kllos irscriptions forrn e spcciel cless. Thcy llc p:rintcd ln thc ilcld,
r thout Iclclcllcc to thc liquIC scctrc, r,r'ith fc\^i c\ccPtiorrs u'llclc thc
rrrL.rltion rllirv hrVc bc,.'tr so lo clcsignerc I voLlth, lthlcrc oI hcro rs 'bcllrrri
L '. Sorlc!irrrcs \\'c tcc jLlst thc t'ord 'knlos'; sorlrctinrcs thc pliisr i\
r,ncriclllvirr-':rboy"('hop:riskllos');burrrstrtlllthcbovisnrrrrcd Thesc
ir'rc coDlclrlpollrv Atllcni]n ,votltlls, scvcrll of r,r'hol1r erc iclcutif]lblc. It
,l,,cs not nccd to inrplv lirrrrili:rritv orr thc P:rrt ofthc peintcr liltllcr thrn ir
,,rrc:al lcknorl'lcdqcnrcrrt of sotrrt' ftvouritc of thc drr', btrt lllc-ir truc
,lr.rlrctcl is clusive ltlcl r'r'c c:ru hlrdly disnriss thctl as flipplrltll eruorous
rrhcr thc,l ;rppcer, fbr itrstetrcc, o:r $rllc oflxckias"scriotls'vescs. ()n thc
,,Llrcr hencl thct' hrcl not bccornc by thcrl l 1lrcrc corrvclltiorl silrcc tllc\'onl\'
l,, girr ro rppcar or ititcr rhc nrid ccntttrv. A 1ed u ls likcJl to tltrrrlifv for
v:rscs
t rc cpirhct lor orrlr' linritccl
:r rrnnrbct oivcrrs, wc nrir:ht itlleqiuc, so v;tscs bt'
,lrtii'rcrrr puintcrs rrenring drc serue bov trc likcl-v to trc ttc;rr co:rtctltp<lLlry,
,i hich is:r hclp irr rc1:rrivc r1;rtirrg ofPirintcrs' rvor-k l givc I tcr',' cxrtrtlplcs,
rrrlh nunrbcrs irrdiclting thc trr.ttubcr of vascs otr rvltich thc iDscliptiol)
L1' pcrl-s :
r )nuor-iclcs krlos: Exckils (:); vlscs rcletcrl to thc Arrdokiclcs P.rirrtcr (-:);
I Lrcc Liuc (ilorrp (r); I)rirrcton I'tilrtcr (r).
l lippokrrtcs k;rlos: Mr:rucr of tirc Arr.lokiclcs l)rirrtcr' (r); Ilucc I irrc
{ lloup (r); Psir-r (t).
I ,rgros kulos: Lcrsros (irotrp (s): (rn,rnv rcd figrrrc Etrphronios (r:);
I rLrh,vnriclcs (r) ; l)lrintirs (r) ; ElcLrsis Paintcr (4) ; Clrclis (t); Colnrer P.rirrr-
,'r (5); crrlv ()ncsinros (r); ercl r othcrsl).
3
\()\tr-i1tos krlos: rrenncr oiAchcloos Prilrtcr (l); (rcd ligrrrc Phinties (t)).
ll On.-toridcs rvrs :rrchorr ir 5:.7/6 (rro yotnl!tcr thrll tlljr ly) hc plobeblv corrld
,or huvc qrr:rlificd rs :r bcluty elrcr- rbout J -l o- IfLcrgr-os is thc gcrrcrel killcd irr
1o; hc nriqht rvcll havc bccn k.tlos irr dre hsr dccedc of thc si\lll cellttlr\ '
ir hich is rvhcr c on olhcr qr()Lrrlds \\'c wonlcl plrtcc thc Lceqratt vascs. A vcrv
li * rvonreu trc sirnil:l1l)'honotrrccl bv trenrc,:rnd cxtrcrtrcl,v mrcll'l god rrr-
 U
I A
crrcer rather than by a retailer. These are most common iu tlrc sccottcl hnll'ot'
I AANlE a@ r k rhc sixth century. In the same position red dipinti may serve tlrc slnte pttrporc
& A A FE 1 E a oo I K lnd some are found earlier than the 'mercantile graftiti'.
B A EE I EH ol
, N ^A EE 1 H ot Florals
, AAEIH ot
Some late cups have floral bands as their only decoration; otherwise florals fi1l
N , -r '{ subordinate ftiezes or serve as the decoration ofvase necks. The commonest
pettern is a combination oflotuses and palmettes, a type already developed by
a5 515 r l" // o 11 ? I 15 TT x (lorinthian painters. In early Athenian black figure the lotus has a broad
57s.550 A /V o 11 ? I t -r v yY x splaying form with the spiky central leaf shown over the tiny palmette which
550-525 /t4 N o f P t + Orcek artists ofthe seventh century had persuaded to grow there. This lotus
5r5-5OO /{ ,^/ o 11 PR , type progressively narrows and the sequence can be followed as a useful
sao A15 /^,/'/\ N N o t1 PR t 7V 6 + criterion ofdate [5.2, tr.z. tz, 241 25.2, 42.r, 47, 52,56]. Before the mid
sixth century the central spiky leafmay be omitted [5 r . r ] and the added wavy
1 = xl q=6t lites which could cross the calyxes or palmette hearts had been abandoned by
irbout J6o. The body of the lotus becomes little more than a support to the
spreading outer leaves which frame the intermediate palmettes. Lotus and
The lettering is done in black, rarely red (see p. 36) and spellilg pllmette usually alternate and are often opposed, but we do not see friezes of
sometimes shaky. Often inscriptions run retrogtade in common with lotus alone and rarely of palmette alone (e4., on a handle ofthe Frangois Vase
Archaic inscriptions on stone, and there is very rarely triple dot rrd work by the Ptoon Painter [5r. r]). The interlace is linked by tendrils, but
between words. I give a rendering of the common letter forms in liom about 560 these are increasingly often replaced by round chain
sixth-century vase inscriptions since some may be unfamiliar even to lhks [51], which become normal by about 54o, and with these the floral
Greek-reader. This is based on a table kindly checked by LilianJeffery. ciements are normally opposed [92], not alternating. Added colour disap-
that in Athens ofthis period no separate letters are used for long e and long pcals, the palmettes become more angular with time and their leaves
and tiere are other occasional idiosyncrasies ofspelling, peculiar to Athens cventually sepatate [r oJ]. The lotuses progressively thin [r 88, zogf. The pal-
to early Greece in general, which again might puzzle a Classical Greek rrcttes have a new lease of life with the red figure Pedod, comPosed in neat
For instance: er becoming e or r (Chiron); ea becoming u at name circles within scrolls Ugg, 202f.
(Nerus); erTs for 1s (Heraklees); E becoming tr (especially Olysseus) The lotus and palmette patterns are fotmal but non-realistic. Friezes of
6pcbecoming op (Asmetos, Kasmos); single consonants for double (rarely pear-shaped buds are, in their simple elements, more Plausible, and alternat-
reverse) and zt for oo (Netos) ; the loss of nasals before consonants ( ing buds may be given curling outer leaves like opening flowers, as Ir 4z]. Arc
mache, Sphichs); additional aspirate-0, g, X fora 7, ,. (less often the links above the buds hint at these opening leaves, and the arcs are regularly
Dedicatory inscdptions naming the deity appear on votive plaques but it repeated below, again as links, as Ir46]. Some ofthese bud and flower friezes
unusual to find a bespoke inscription naming the dedicator, purchaser o! tppear in thc second quarter ofthe century [47, 54], as on Siana cups, and are
mortal dead. Exceptions are on one or two funeral plaque series. Some often brightly coloured, but the more mechanical friezes are later and are
painted insc ptions are discussed elsewhere - artists' signatures (p. rt), pcrsistent. Base rays had once been a floral pattern and are sometimes treated
Panathenaic prize vases (p. r67). Incised inscriptions added after firing do not more like leaves than a geometric scheme.
normally refer to the painted scene but record personal dedications or giftt, The only plausible florals are the laurel or myrde fiiezes which sit like
Exekias added to one ofhis vases an incised signature in Attic letters and a gifl wreaths on the lips of some Siana cups, and the ivy in the same posi-
motto in Sicyonian letters for the purchaser. Keian and Samian letter forma tionl35, 4o), but also often framing later black figure panels. The ivy leaves
have been detected on other vases. Graffiti underfoot may record prices, bug soon become mere blobs, and ivy and vine leaves are seldom diferentiated in
many are monograms or symbols which have to do with the marketing ofth6 figure scenes. Generally the black figure painter is not vety observant of
vase or ofother vases in a batch, and seem to have been put on early in theit botanical forms, and even where a tree or vine is relevant to the scene it is
202 203
uru.rll\ r(ri(tl\'\Lrl)()r(lin;rrcdtothcfiglrrcsl8tl rld only rarcJr.givcn its tirll
v:rlLrc l r r'61.
Animals and Monsters
Thc u,ild iiii' of thc c:rrly rrinrel lriczcs lvas borroucd ironr Clorirth, urrrl
Oorinthi:rn t_vpcs are observed and tbllo.,r.cd right to tJrc nrid ccnrury. Retht r
nlorc coDlmon irr Athctirn friczes, pcrheps, is thc gr:rzing horsc, whiclr h:rrl
lonq bccn a popular uotivc on hcr vlscs, ancl irom thc uricl ccnttrr; thc or
borr nrev havc his bristlcs 'brokcn ' er mid-back in thc Eest Clrcck nran:rcr'. A
fc:lturc of thc crr],v Athc ial eDinreJs, Dot sccrr ilt Clorinth, is thc comnrorr
doublc shoLrldcr lirrc, cs1-rccielly for lclircs.
Anirrr:rJs nray:rppcer iu fiirure scenes es ettribr.rtcs (Athcn:r's ou,J or
Hcrrncs's aoet), protegonists (nreglificcrrt horscs, es by Exckias, or htrntir,li
clogs) or subsicliarv clctril (flf iug bircls; mnnins doss, cspcciellv with horsc
rlcn). Srn:rll flr'ing birds in b:rrtlc sccncs arc nrorc probebly t)rlrcns thrn soul\,
ifrrrclcccl rltcl.hlvc'a:ry significancc tt.ll (ci lZS, zZt)). Oirtrll:i:re iifc orr lt
clolphini counroull ;rppclr, lclping in ctrp intcriors lroSl or in friczcs. As
shiclcl bl;rzo:rs u,c scc rvholc anitttals, hcads or lorcparrs. Onc unusrrrl bllrz,,rr
is a rvolflikc hcacl rvith wuxrs iitticllccl [93], rl,hich looks likc l vcrsion ()l .r
Scythierr rrrctel rppliqui; a col)rlor onc is thc 111irrg clglc clrr-ying a sn;rk( ,
11) obvious orlcn,:lrrd this nrly nppclr in lightrug sccnc's (cf.[48]). Snekcs;ul
bcerdcci l:381, irs lcgrllrrly in (lrcck lrt.
Aninrtls ln lctiou rnr,v occupv thc ticld o11 thcir ()wrl. Wc think cspcciu llt
o fth c fin e grou ps o fliorls attxck in g bulls, strlrs or boirrs [68, r:o] sonrcrirrr.t
Irrlrs or- qoxts.'Ihc motif is iD oid oricnt:rlisinq onc, blrt thc Dcw cor1lp.l( I
schl'rncs with crossing ol closclv cng:rgcd bodics rvin suddcrr popul:rritt
lbout i7rl rnd ilppcitr_ il\o in Athcnilrr r)lorlunlcntill sculpttrrc. This serggcstr
frcsh iuspirrtiorr lir>rn custcnr sourccs, llhcrc such qroLlps lrlcl t syntbolr,
siiyriliclncc, pcrhlps rot cntirclv losr l11 ( ircck :rrr. ( locks fiqhr orr nrluy Lit tl,'
Mesrcr cups Ir ogl, ,,r,hilc on orllcr v;rscs wc allll scc thet l,ouths hvorrr llr,
'sport'.
()f rrronslcrs thc collulor)cst :rrc sirclrs entl sphilxcs, rrrc thc gril
fin {t, a6.6], rs rvcll rs thosc occupicd irr rnlth Chirnacre, l)cg:rsus, Kclbt
r()s. with ccntrLrrs rllld srtYrs, rlrc perr-eninrei il1rllrorlxls. Thc Arirrrsl,s,
drcsscd likc Sct.thi:urs, lrfio fbrrglrt thc qrilirs lilr thc sold thcl gnardcd, ;rr l
\ccn () lwo rrricl ccrrtlrrv ctrps. Thclc itrc ()]]c ()f t\\,o litlc r);r]rrclcss col](()(
tiorrs, gcrcrlllv lor Hcr';rllcs to clcal rvith l:5-;1. ()r Tyrrhcrilr vascs sorrr'
rl)orrstcrs colrrpounclcd lronl irrrirrrirl torcpillt\ attuchccl to cocks' botlr,r
shoulclcr thcit wav into drc uuinral fliczcs, but ofsuch onl,v thc cock-lr()r\r'
(lrippelcktrvorr) h.rs sutrst.rrrcc:lrcl rr;ry Lrc sccrr r icklcn b,v l bo,v ol lr,;rr
riorIr5ol.
-iO,[
Chapter Twelve
SCENES OF REALITY
i\,1\,th nas by ro rrrc':urs tlrc'on1y sorrrcc ofinspirltion firr filrurc sccncs ir)
,\rhcnien black figurc. ()n cerlicr vlscs lhc orrly vicu,s of con tcnr ponr 11, lifc
\\ arc citllcr' itssocirtcd with cult, likc thc luncrrl scencs, or oi:r t,vpc rr,,hcrc rr ts
r()t rlwr),s cesy to jrrdgc u,hcthcr sonrc cfic occllsion rvls in ntind, likc
tiqhtinq scc cs. This rc rlins t: rrc ofAtircDirn blrck liglrr c. Iu sontc sccDcs of
\.tniors \\,irh squilcs, ol rvirriors clcprrting, cspcci:tJly rvitlt chariots, it
rpfcxrs dlirt.,r,c lrc bcing sho\\, courtlv vcrsions oacvclyd;1),cvcnts uJhich
lind thcir cxlct plnllcls rrrorc rclclilv in the lvor'ld ofHonrcr thlrr jn sixtlt-
, r'utury nrilirrrl nlellncls. lt rcquircs orrlv inscriptions r)rrnirg lrcrocs to
rrrslltc thcsc to thc world of :ry.rh. This probeblv cxpleirs roo wll,v slilvcs
. rc vcrv rlrely dcprictcd or ditlircntiltcd from frcc nrcr elthough thcv
cprcscnt:r vcrv colrlrnoD rnd rcccssary clcr:rcnt ofc'r,crydav iifc etrd rvork.
Whetcvcl thc urood. horvcvcr. tltc aatiorl rcrnairls'in rnodcrrr drcss'. lncl
rr holc strrdics arc dcvotcd to prrrcly secuhr bcheviour. Thcsc givc .i virlrr.iblc
l,rcturc oflifc in Athcus and thc colrrtrvsidc, lncl in thcir clcr:rils rhc_v tcll us
rlLrch of iirlriqLlillilr intcrcst u,hich, thlouqh rhc ilccidcl)ts ofsrlrvjvitl, hts
, scepcd thc cxcevltor.
Everyday life
l1_ ucn drcss rt a1l in bllck frgtrrc, thc nlvirialblc grrrlrcnt is thc himirrion, r
r.ctiuglc of cioth rvreppcd:lround thc bocly rvirh orle eDd ovcr t shoul
ilcr l7r l. llcnclth it :uly be rvorrr a chiton, e ltrll lclgth bclrccl clrcss rvith slrorr
'lccvcs. Thc shorr chiron, rhieh-lcngth, suits rvorknrcn, \virrriors, or- thc
itcnclill) active, irrcltrdiDg nrent,hcrocs. A smrllcr clolk f:rstcltcd ut the Dcck
,rr clrepccl ovcr thc lorcelli is usuitlLv cilllcd a chlenrys, r nernc morc propcrly
rcscrvcd fbl thc short but llc:tv), cloilk u,or-n bv horscnrcn. This nrrv bc eeily
l)irttcrnccl in thc North (lrcck or Thrlcian nranncr Ir g6l, ,,vhcr it is prcsum-
.rl,ly lvoollcn.
Sorrrc latc black flgurc has cxplicit vicr,r's of thc rvotlrcn's chiton r,r,ith thc
lislctings elors thc uppcr ann! full siccvcs rnd loosc fblds ovcr the bclt I r 9 r ].
l'rllicr rcplcscntrrir)11s ofbcttcr-fittccl short-slccvcd drcsscs ale itlso gcllcrrlly,
LrLrr pcrhlps not rightl)', taken for chirons. T;iilor-ing wrs no inrportlnr part of
troj
 1
(ir.rk (()stlllr)(. rrlriLlr rDrrdc cl(r r,r,ith besic rcclxrrgulrr slrapcs, stitched or
pirrnctl toqctlr( r. l lri lltcrnltivc ti'nralc costurnc which c()Lrld xlso bc worl
ovcl u driton, il rrccrl bc, wirs rhc pcplos (sonrcrinres rnislc:rdingly c:rllcd thc
I )olic chiton). 'l his hrs e looscr skirr end a plain or,,crtrll fionl thc ncck whi.l)
cncis in e streiqhr cdilc rt thc w:List [461. It is fastencd by pins or broochcs at the
shouldcr 164.:1, but thcy arc rercll,shown on thc vxscs. Thc arms arc thtls lcli
bare, which is olc criterion for identilyilg thc drcss, but ;r box-like trcrtnrcrt
ofthe overfall is anothc'r indication. ()nc sidc nlxy bc lcft opcn, but for tht'
bcit, ancl rhis explains tlre one tirll b:rre leq showl by xrne runrrirrq
figurcs Irig] in all bur larc black figurc. Ovcr pcplos or chidon r h;nrtr(,1
nr:ry bc u,orn, as by men, but u,onren oftcn draw ir ovcr thc back ofthc hcrtl
end mey hold en cdgc ofthc garnlcrt bct'brc thc fecc wirich is thcrr silhoucttcrl
(whitc on bhck) bcforc itl67,9o). Sorueti:res two or thrce (rercly n11;1q)
rvomeD sharc orrc himetion fr47]. Sornc rney bc aroups ofgoddcsscs but this
is uot ncccssarily rrrrc ofali. Lr the second quarter oathe cclrtury thc wonrcl
often srand holding the cdgc of thcir himetia bcforc rhcm, thc hcru rrailing
Bcazlcy's ' pcngnin lvomcn' 173].
Men and wonen may have thcir hair-bound by a fillcr. Thc brorrl
brirnmcd rravclling hat for nrcrr is thc petrsos f:ro]. J)ctails oIdrcss,jcwcl-
lery and coiflule are best obser-r,ed in red liqure but we scc spir:rl brrcclcts enrl
carring pcndxDts, oftcu tri-lobcd I8Zl. HrLrrtc'rs \\rcar laccd boots rvith plo-
mirlent tonglrcs to hclp thcm on, which nr:ry bc styliscd into u,ilEs firl
f:rvourccl figurcs of ttryth (Hcrr11cs, Pcrscus, (iorgons, Ik:rros).
Thcrc erc fc.,v scencs ofthe donrcstic lifc ofworncn. nonc nruch bcforc th,
nrid ccrtrrry. Anresis shor,vs wonlcn :lt thc loonr 17.9] end in thc htcst bl:rck
ligurc thcrc arc morc sccrlcs ofthcn at thcir casc, in drc eyneikcion, spinrirrr;,
with besidc tlrcnr thc cheractcristic wool baskcts with flering sidcs (kalathoi)
or ir an orchard, scetcd or f'ruir-pickinq, whcrc thcy nright bc trkcn firl
nylrrpJrs. Thc Srvingcr's nenrc vesc shows enothcr pastin)c lI+2], rathcr th;rr
ritull. A ltcr about 5l o thcrc xrc ln:ur y sccncs, rolrnxlly ot hvdriec, of worrcrr
visiting a fourttin housc to draw watcr [-:t:1], and writing bv it to chat. A fcu,
of the sccnes irrtroducc youths w:lshirrq thcnlsclvcs. Thc rrchitcctulc it
chborxtc cvcn if not perticularly consistcrrt, and thc scclrcs nrey r,vcll br'
inspircd by Pcisistratid work on the Athens'water-suppiv Enneakrouros:;r
systcnl which sccms to irlvolvc thc constr[ctiol) ofscvcra] llcw fourrteirls witlr
colunrn:u t'igadcs, of thc typc shown oD thc vascs. On trvo uc rc:rtl
'Klllirhoc', thc flatrrc of a rcvcrcd Athcniiln spriig, end thcsc picturcs:rrc
sood sourccs for thc familiar nenrcs ofAtheniln eir ls. Therc is lirrlc bv way ol
rrchitcctlrrc othcrwisc on thc blxck ligurc vascs. Thc Wrlls of Troy on thr'
Frtnqois Vasc rney bc rncntiorcd, ald drcir bettlcnrcrts on sonre late sccrr's
ofthc dlagging ofHcctor's body, tlrc dcxth ofTroilos l:or I and rhc Sack ol
Troy; the house ofPclcus, llso on the Frrnqois Vlsc lnd the fount n horrscs
in Troilos sccncs 146.5]; r mortal lronrccotnillg [77]. Gcncrllly a coluo-ln witlr
7,A6
()r withollt clrrablrturc is crlough to ilrdicatc rhc Porclr of l housc'(ls for-thc
l.rtmg out ofx body lz65l), the ptoxiurity ofa tcmplc (thrcc on [.2 z5]) or rhc
I l.rll of Hadcs lr 62 -r]. Thc typc of capit:r1 shorvn for-sonc colrrmns, r,vith thc
r olutcs s1r'irrging tionr the shaft, is not onc which is rlol-mll in rhc srorre
.r chitcctllr c oaArhcns rnd nlry indicate a paintcd \\oodcn form. Most arc
r ccognislbly' J)oric'.
Mrlc activitl, whcn not wer-likc, athlcric, conrlrlcrcixl, pecdcrasric or
bibulolLs, is Lrslrxllv coucclrlcd u,ith horsc's - riding thcnr, lctding thcut,
hrnrcssing thcnr, or driving cheliots, nlor-e oftcn for a procession thln for.r
r.rcc. Thc sterrding f'rontal cherior is a popular syrnmct cil conlposi
tro l 154. 92, rg0i. A lcw sccncs show \\,hat eppciu-s to be aimless discnsrio[
rr<1uc not so nr uch indicative ofer Arlrcnian dcliqhr in corrvcrsrti()r) as ofthe
plirrtcrs'lack oa imxginatioll. ln the sanre spirit nrrle errd f_enrale onlookcrs
rrrlv fi11 thc r'vings for e rnytholoqical ccrrrre-piccc. lrr rccl ligrrrc onlv docs the
.ntist trkL'i scrious intcrcsl in rciaxcd gcrlrc sccncs involving rro spcciel
.rctivit,v or plcpiration.
thcrc:rrc to colrtcnlporaric\ il
It is rcmar'klblc ho*'fcrv dircct rcfi'rcnccs
cxerrplcs, but xrc not rclxtcd to
Lrlack figur'c. Thc kalos n:rncs arc thc obvious
rhc pictrrrcs. Sonc ofthc wonrcrr narucd in ftrncrel or fountai:r scclcs nlight
lrrve been rcco!5rlislblc Athcnians tbr lll rvc cen tcJl. Seppho was nilllrcd
posthLrrlrously J,r r l.
Fighting
'fhc vesc picturcs erc a good source of information xbollt xlrlour aDCl
\\capoDs. Thc usurl ollcrrsivc wclpoDs xrc a thrllsfil)g sPcrt or sword.
Sonrctinrcs thc srvord is crrrvcd and onc-cdqcd: rhc'nrachrira'ot'kopis'-
'fhrorving
spcer s ar c gcDcrrlly carricd irl prirs ll1c1 in tctiolr, cvL'rr 6 orlr hd_sc-
heck, a thror'ving thonq mey bc secn tlstencd to the shaft I r -z l. i ]. Thc shiclcl is
ofthc routd hoplitc vilicty, crnblazollc-d, and il)tcrior- vicws shorv thc ccntr-ll
' porpax' throulih rvhich thc lorcerm is pesscd end thc haDd-grip, ' :rrltiiabc'',
\orlrctirlics with cords elso hlnging wilhill lhc 1i111, pcrhaps lo fistcrl rts
covcr [56, r.1l l. llercly 1 cloth is shown hengine fronr the shiclcl to protcct
Llrc olvncr's lcss lior1r rrrows. Thc 'lJocoriau' shicld is fittcd likc thc circullr
\ irriety, brit is ov:tl i shepc wilh cut-outs rt thc u,eist, eDd nlav rlso h:lvc e
baldric. Sornc bclicvc it rorl-functior1e1, hcroic cqr.ripnrcrrr, xnd it is ccrtxirlly
popullr rvith hcrocs (ls dclivcrcd to Achillcs), dcitics or xs prradc xr-
rnour lJ-r, 73, ,!71. ShicJd blazons arc usu:rll,v prilltcd whitc, soDlctirllus
inciscd. TLcy figure t:rirrrals, hclcls, lirnbs, thurrdcrbolts, !aorqonci:r) to lrarlre
thc morc il1t.'restirlg. Clornmoncst trc rncrc blobs, ii tripod or :r bull's hced. A
tiw, likc l lion's hclcl or r suilke, stlnd frcc of thc shicld, in the
r ou nd
[64.-;, t z r ]. Tht'y a re rarcly if cver signifrcant of idcnrity or allegian cc.
Thcrc l:-e sc'vcrrl blsic hclrrct ty1rcs. Tlrc Attic cen bc no rnore thxn x cup,
247
rs \\'(,nr l)\i Atlrr.nrr lr.,l.:1. und sonre Arnazons Izo4], but rvithlt hiqlr crcst.
Ilorvcvcr. its rrrorc pr;rcticll for-m includcs a neck guard and chcck
picccs(l r62,r,sn","r.l6l;Arnirzons[56,9E]) wl-ricit are sootetirncs sho$,n Foldcd
up ovcr tl)c rcnrlrcs. -['1]c (lorinrhiall helrnct {t6.r, 52 ri.qht,86, 1oo, t2t.rl
rvith high or lou, crcst, covcrs thc fecc lclving only thc eycs cxposccl and a slit
bcfcrre tlrc rrrotrth, but it is oftcll worn 'ar casc' on thc brck ofthc hcad, cvcrr
it tction (at iclst in art). Thc'Chalcidian'hc'lnrct (ru inaccurltc titlc) is
sinriler but it leavcs roonr for thc cxrs and thc cheek picccs rney hevc e curvcrl
oLrtlinc Ii2 /r,[]. Thc stittcd crcsts rn:ry htve or-rlirrc crcst holders likc aninrl
hcads or r,vhcels [17,66], but drc lou, crcsts beconrc thc nric end :L sl.rcci;rl
v:rricty is placcd ecross thc hclmet, not lbre:rnd afr, and is favoured lor frontul
or rexr vicws. Thcrc erc ilso doublc, helf-cr-csts l?or tap.206,2tZltobesecrr.
sonletinlcs attechcd to antlers [47], lncl for spccial cllcct fearhcrs or bulls'
hor-ns nray bc attechcd ro thc cro$1l l./Zl.
The :r1l-nrctll bcll corselct protects chcst erd back:rnd is oftcn shown with
spirals and rib-cagc malkcd orr drL' clrcsr l4S, 62. SSl.ln about -5so a leathcr
corselet appcers, and by thc clrly iilth ccntury hrs taken ovcr in popu-
l:rrity [E6, r4r]. lts shouldcr picccs arc ticd icross thc chcst lrld rherc arc
rectansulxr fltps bciow thc bclt. A short slccvclcss chiton is rvorn belrcath
both typcs of corsclct. a;rcavcs protcct thc shitrs end so:ne pattcrncd thiglt
guards J64.-r, 66, too, zrTl (paranrcric{ia) and arm gtrards Iroo] arc slrowr.
Archcrs corrre to hlvc spcciel dress of Scythian typc wirh thc pointc(l
lclthcr crp (as Ir14]) .rncl thc closc fitting tunic, lons siccves and lcsgirrr:s,
oftcn geily p.ttcmcd. Thc pointcd cap alrcady eppcars or1 rhc Fran.-or\
Vtsc1q6.1;c.l. d3 /rlil end on c of tl.rc figtrrcs wcerin g it is called ' Kimmcr ios',
' (linrrcriln' kin to thc Scythiens whonr thc Crecks r,vcrc conling to know
on thc llllck Sea shorcs. Alier lbout J4o thc tilll drcss:rppc'ars Il6o.t] and
rnay bc worn xlso by Amezors. Quivcrs havc a top flep to kccp thc arrow
flighrs dry, usually folded back, lnd somc cluivcr bow-cases ofscythian cypc
rrc ilso showD. Thc Scythiaus, likc the northcrn horscnrcn with thcir
pettclnccl cloaks, erc thoLlght to havc bccll introduccd to the strccts ofAthcns
by rhc tyr:rnt Pcisistrrtos.
Thcrc are lightcr arrns too a slingcr (ci l95l);and lightcr shields of
\\,ickcr ancl skil, cithcr of the ' Bocoti:lr) ' shape, but sccrl in profilc worn orr
thcir backs by cheriotcers Ir:6], or thc clcsccnt-shaped pclta crrried by
Atttazons and othcrs. Trrrnlpctcl s usu:L1ly rrrcrit scperatc studics, stxltcling ft)
blow lt 691, lcft hand on hip.
Sonrctimcs rnuch ofthc ernroul is olrrittcd arrd with ncar-nakcd cornbe-
t:rnts it is hard to say how nruch is duc to thc Creek lrtists' intcrcst in 'hcnrir
nudity', how truch to coltrelllpor:u y pr:lctice dict:ttcd by hot wcrthcr or thc
pricc ofa bronzc panoply.
Cornbat schcrncs are stereotypcd and without inscriptions it is llot possiblc
to tell whcrhcr a hcroic cncounter is beir,g portrayed. !7hcn wc arc so guided
20ll
\\rc can sce that victorious action is nornlrliy shown from left to rieht rr)(l
thc dcad bodics normally lic with thcir hcads dircctcd towards their fi icrrrls.
\4tlics with chariots may bc scct, but not oftcn with horsemcn. C)ollep'rrg
,rrd fallen Egurcs of rnen erd horses rrc rcndcrcd with varying succcss.
Popular :clatcd sccncs ilrc of ilrnling, whcre x chlrxctcristic posr rs
\tu)opirlq to clip ol1 r grcave [,u.;71, or thc ,,',,rrrior dcparti q lr96]. For rhc
lrttcr e cha:tot rn.),be showl ;rnd ."r,ilc end chilcl nttend. tlv thc cncl ofthc
.cntlrry thc sccrlc is usually nrorc rcllistic, u,ith I rvifi.pouring from rjug lbr
hcr husbancl to nrrkc r liberiorr, or siurply stanciing rvith r 11thcr or br.othcr rs
hc scrs ofli A cournron pertici1rlnt in drcsc letcr groups is ltr trchcr in firll rrg .rs
rlso ir li87l rvhcrc orncrs lrc bcitlir tekctl bv i:rspcctiotr ofcutrxils.
()n sornc nrid ccnturv v.scs \vc scc ir nroulltccl squirc lc:rcling his nrestcr_'s
lrorsco: accorrpanlinghisfullv;rnncdmesrcr [4d],prcsum:rbly]rliudiceri!)D
of contc'nlporaly prxctice ilr tlaining or scrvicc. Ol1 occxsion thc wrrrror
hinrsclfis secnjuurping fronr his rnoviug horsc iu the militerl c:<cr.cisc ofthc
'irnlrblltcs'. Clhrriots, rvltcthcr for reci[g or tiuhti g, erc tr,r'r>horsc, soDrc-
tinlcs wilh orlc or l\vo tr:lcc horscs, ntcl thcrc arc son)c liDc hilnrcssing scerlcs
lronr Exckias on (ct-. [.93, ::5]).
Wine, women, boys and song
' I(orrrst' denccrs rppc:rr on (brinthiarr vlscs belorc 60<l xnd lrc' iutrochLcccl
to Athcnien vilscs bv thc Ko:rest (ilorrp irrtists, rcnra;rinq populrr bcvond
thc micl ccnturl. Thcv rvcer short, tiehr, paddcd chitous [.u3] e d pcrt'irnr
drcil botronr slapping, kickirrt dlucc olrcrr rvith clrirrkins honrs or cups Ln
thcir hlnds. Sotttc m:ry bc nlkccl (nrorc oftcr lrs timc p:rsscs) or lvith a
shoulder r-irrg likc the slccvc ofthc chiton brLt probablv intcndcd ftrr r wrclth
or- ribbon [-u r], :rs it is sccn rvorrr by nrcn d:rnccrs letcr in bleck fiqrrr.c (on thc
Allccter's vlscs)- Kornasts lrc nloltirl, atld mev daucc rvith nakcd rvonrcn
who lercly thcmsclvcs clon thc disrirctivc costunlc 1221. Ilcforc thc :rid
ccntlu_y i (ioriDth thcy bccontc essirrrilatccl to utyrs errd c r iDtrudc rn
l)ionvsirc sccncs. In Athcns the trensition is lcss clcer arrd ir mly sinrply bc
thrt lncn grve Llp thc spcci:ll dtncillir costLllnc, llrt hter Alhcrrirn konlusts
inrpcrsonrting satyrs contr_ibutr ro the clriy history ofthc (lrcck thcltre, erld
rhc p.rddcd costtrrlle is sccn xgltilr nl thc fitth ccltrrry ior irctors in coltcdy.
A lcrv v:rscs of about 5oo sho\\, rrrcD drcsscd up rs horscs suppor.rinrj
riclcrs lr37l, or rs bircls, in denccs u.hich sc.-nr to lnricipetc Old Oomcdy
choruscs, rvhilc onc drcsscd as:r slt),r, dllcirg lbr L)iol1,sos, rtri.ght bt'orrr
crrlicst rc:rl rcror i2tgl. L)thcr latc vescs sho\. rlrcn ridirlE dolphiDs errd
ostrichcs, or drlrccs of' rninotrur-s'. Sincc :L pipcs pl:r 1cr ettctrds clrlcc rhesc too
rnighr be 'live' trrnslatiors of nnrDllncr\,. Sccncs of pick-e-back (cphc-
drisuos) ;rncl rncrl olr stilts It14] rnav bc in likc casc ancl tlrcrc arc latc vescs
u,ith wlnior dlrlccrs pyrrhichists (c1. lttll).
)49
 (;xtL: i lrrrrlrt tl ()r)t() .()uchcs lor thclr fc:rsts b-v rbout 6oo, lcavirrg thc
w()nler) l() sit .rt tlrtir lcct, or ilPrrt o11 chrils, cxcePl whc'rc solllc lllorc
irrrirrnrc scr'', icr !!,lr rcquil-cd oftl)crrl. Thc coLrchcs on Atherriatr vescs usu:rlly
hrvcblocklcgsrvirhcut-outsbclo\\,,p:rintcdwilhPrlrncttcsII6r,26i],btrt.
fiu,huvc thc trrlncd lcgs, rvhich rre probrbl)'an crstcrr fclt!(tlc. tleiorv (that
is, bcsidc) thcrn r rhrcc-lcggcd tablc usurlly stincls \\,ith ctkcs o1 slriPS ofntcitl
upon it [3d], but this is often onrittcd iu latcr scclcs, r,vherc drinking errcl
sollgs :rrc lhe prinle coDccrDs. Thc mcn rcclinc on fhcir lcfi clborvs, suppottctl
b1, cuslrions 1t77, zrgl- The full parephcnralia of thc syrllposion is llcsl
stuclicd irr red figure and thcrc:rrc comparttivcly forv black 6gurc sccncs
exccpt on sonlc Siena cups eud lalcr, irr rhc rc'd 6gurc pe:iocl, but thc r1lusicll'
instturncnts used hcre ancl iD othcr sccnes ntay bc- mcrlriollcd. Thc doublc
pipcs arc playcd wirh the hcJp of a moulh bend which is nor alrvays
slrou,rr l-r37, r6z, zzo, zzzl.Thcpipcs crse, with a side pockct fbr the motrtlr
piccc, nrav bc sccn halging in thc ficld or frortt lu erm, ol clscrvhcrc lz3 5 r l,
but clrly oncs lLc a rvholc srrrall rnimtl skin. Metr or wonrctr Iuty play pipus;
cleppcrs llc [rc1d onll' by wonre:r, rnae]rads or tty:uphs Izid,::t] eltl
urdcrsterdrbl,v rccollrpxny da[cc, rrot soDg. Of thc stringcd illstrumcuts
thcrc is the ordinary lyre r,r,ith hor:r shapcd arlns and tortoiscshcil sottncl-
box 136 /r'/i, 77 a6olrl, or thc brrbitou rvhich is rnorc hc:rr t slupcd r,vith )orrg
arnrs. Thc klthrrr is a hclvicr iDstrun)crrt rvith anguler sourrd-box lrld
eltboratc arms, its protcctivc cloth oftcn shown haneing fiolt it lr4o.l, 165,
t97, zr4, zzzl. Tl-ris is lbr rDorc scrioLls phying attd it is ofrerr c:uticd irv
Apollo, o: by a soloist rvho mounts a st:tnd (bcm:r) to pcrforru bcrwccrljudqcs
(conrplrc I{cllklcs, lr65l). SLrch corltcsts aPpc.r on somc Penathcneic arrtl
rclltcd vases fbr pipes pltycrs in thc sixth ccntury, for I kitherodc iu thc filth.
Morral lovc-nreking is nsuelly shorvn ls a grotrp tctivity u'ith couPlcs
pc'tfbr'nring on couches as tt a fc:rsr, or tnorc ofteu stllldirlg il1 vafi()Ll\
poscs [6i ]. Entry from bchind is thc preferrccl poslurc. Malc nrrsturbatiorr is
occ:rsionllly shown lE:.2], fellatio r;rrcly. Thcsc sccrtcs rlc coll)lll()llcst ()rr
Littlc Mastcr cups (es by Elborvs Out) end drc Tyrrhcnian vascs. On the hltcr
thc nlcn nl:ry h:rvc rcd bodics likc kornesls, and sonrc schol:us tirkc thc[1 fi)r
sltvrs, :rlthough teillcss. lJut whilc cvclythiug iu tJrc c:rrlicr hislory ofkontasls
seenrcd likcly to lcrd to rtris liccntious bchevior.tr', ttrcrc is uothing in thc latcr'
lrltbits lnd:rppearurcc iu bJlck figtrre ofseryrs and tulcrr:rds (t1r,vtys drcssctl)
to sullljest that thcy ltlcl cvcr so cavoftcd. It cotrld be thet thcse kolrlasts rrt'
beginning to cleinr sorne sturdirrg:rs sltvts, rvilh the occasionel ivy r,vrc:tlll
,,,irrc or largc kurtharos, which erc Dioirysiec, but drcsc hxve nothin!i lo (ll)
rvidr thcir' sc\url gyllrn:rstics.
Malc honrosexull activi!y is sct cortrrnonly show11 thtl ir acqttires icorlo_
grlphic convcntioDs of its ou,rl, ancl is pronrotcd to bcing a lnaill sccnc oll
largc, fine veses a status vcry rlrely echievcd irr bleck figurc by tht
hc'teloscxltt] crlcountcrs, cxcePt of nlacrlad lnd satvr, or I wcll-ntltt'tncrctl
2IO
c[Ibrrcc of 1lllr1 ttrcl rvifc Izt r]. Thc srrppli:urt lover- approrchcs r,r,itlr orrt.
hancl rriscd to thc boy's chi:r, thc othcr lo,,vcrccl tow-ards l-ris loins li:1, r,t'yl.
ol bcarjng thc lovc gifr ofa cock l136l or e clcacl hare. Clonsunurltiorr rs
rchievecl stuncling, from thc 6-ont, inrcrcrurel Ii-;6], r:rrcly Lrndcr covcr L,l .r
clolk, lncl thcrc erc rrsttllly tualc' onlookcrs. The sccncs appcrr regulerl), tr (,nr
rbout 16o on.
Sport
Most rcprcscntetiols oflthlctics on bllck fiqtrrc vascs lill inro o:rc'of three
classcs. On vascs oftbc nricldlc two quarrcrs ofthc ccntuLy u,c scc l fcrv stock
sccncs peirs ofboxcls squ:rring up, thcir r,,,rists rnd hauds bound il thongs of
lcllhcr; r ptir ofrvrcstlcrs gtappline; a f<rot recc, juurpcrs with thcir.ju nrprrr;
lvcights (l-raltcrcs) [r 5r]. Thcsc arc trcetcd ils qcllrc sccncs simply, u,ith no
spccific lssociltion. Whc: c chrriot r-accs arc drou,l it is rlu,:r1,s possiblc tlut:r
hcroic eveDt rvrs irrrclclcd, like thc firncrai gatrcs Ibr Perroklos on thc
Ft anqois Va sc and on a dinos b y Sophilos | .u dl. Thc ca11v, urotcsqLrc trcatnlcr ) t
ofrutncrs hls alrcady bccn discusscd (p- t99).
The second class conrcs lvith rccl ftgurc urd thc grorviua irltcrcst in thc
p]ttcnls of llratonr\,. In bleck 6gr.rrc thcrc lre feu,cr erd iess succcssiirl
:rttempts lt shorvirg thc athlctc's posturinq rvith thc discus, tcstinli thc
strrightncss or tip ofthcirjavelins, or prxctisirg ,,r,rcstlinq drrorvs, but thcrc
rr-c somc, end rhc popullritl,ofathlctc sccncs paintccl ,on vescs in lhc ncw
tcchrricluc crtcourtgcd l comparable renee ofsinliler sccl)cs on vescs peintcd
ir thc old-
Thc lhircl class co:upriscs thc scclcs shown ot thc r_cvclscs ofl)lnlthcn.rre
errrphorlc or oD vlscs ofl):rDethcnaic typc r_cfcrlirlg to cvcDts in thc llxntcs ltt
Atlrcrrs. Thc carlicst have thc foor racc lrg5,2gill, horsc racc l3ool, I chlr-
iot J29gl or boxcrs. ln thc last qrLartcr of thc sixth ccnrLrrv wc scc' thc firil
pcntrthlon ransc-discus,jrvclir,jrrr p, foot rlcc, wrcstlil1q. Spcciel cvcDts on
th csc lnd othcr vescs in volvc th c rrcc in :rrrrr orr r (fbr ' ho plitodrorloi ') usuallv
rvear-ingonly a hcinrct end clrryrng shicld lncl spcer {3o61, :rrd .j.rvclirr-
tirrowing fron horscback ljoq.zl, fron rbour 4oo on. Panathcnaics of the
33os ancl latcr shor,r, thc ncr,r, hcavy bcrxilg gloves in usc.
Thc ithlctcs erc usuaill,nakcd encl thc odd rvhitc loin cloths woru in thc
Pcrizoma Group are cxccpriol)el [:lg]. Thc toilct gclr ofstrigil (scr:rpcr'), oil
bottlc ltnd spongc, is r:rrcly shorvn ir bJack ligurc, comnron iu red fiqurc.
Tr;ritcrs ltrcncl or intervene r.r,ith drcir lorrg cancs [30 r. r], riud thcrc mry bc
adnriring bystruclcrs rlcvcr wonrcl)- A tripod clulcLon ls dtc nrost v:rlueblc
1r-izcslrorvn,audevictornravbcsccrbesidcitorclrryingit[tq5.-z;,:J'.tj9],
but oftetr only wrceths or fillcts, rvhich ntay bc ricd around the hced, ernrs rnd
icgs, iuclicatc succcss.
2t I
Commerce and ind ustry
l_hc lrlur'l llgrrrc r,.rse p.rrrrtcr obscrvcd a rvidc varicty ofbarlusic lcliritics
btrt dcpictLd thcl) rirrclv possibll orr clclund try proii-ssiorel cLlst()nlc1s.
In Anrlsis'sccrrc oilr,ourcn busy rt thc loorrr l78l rvool is bcing rvciglrcd
otrc, lncl a fcw yclrs latcr Tllcidcs shows nrcn wcighilg bundlcs, pcrhaps of
wool Iru5]. A gcrlcration carlicr x Lrconian paintcr had shown !hc Cyrcncal
kiug, Arkcsilas supcrvising similer activitics. As usual in this pcriocl, likc is
wcighccl against 1ikc, not a!!ainst wcights. Of othcr sccrrcs of rtailing rhcrc erc
lerv until the hst quarter ofthc sixth ccntury and thc carly 6fth, whcn wc scc oil
bcing clispcnscd into llabastra fronr pclikai via funlcls [zrz], for men or'
wonlcD crtstonlcrs. But such sccncs wcrc rcvcr vcry popular and latc strrdics ol'
e fishnrorgcr (cL l,:r6l), butchcr [;E7] or cooks erc cxccptiorlal.
Illdlrstrial arctivjt,v rvas closcr ro rhc intcrcsts ofthc pottcr/pilintcr who w.rs
rvcll placed to observc thelr. Srnirhs et r,vork on tripods rrc sccn soon rftcr S j()
lncl thcrc erc a icrv latcr sccncs of lorging showirllj a good rlngc of tlrc
cxpcctcd tools [:6.5]. C:rrpcurels arc shorvn also, and cobblers, t]rclt clcnt:
stll)ding orl thc rvork rablc so rhet thc lcathcr c:tn bc cut ot l11elkcc1 irrollr)(l
thcir tc'ct. and rvith a borvl bcneath the reble tor-wetcr rvith rvhich to solicn
thc lcethcr for cutting l.z,tgl. Thcsc scclcs too erc rrre, but thcrc llrc rxthr'r
rnorc ofpotring, fronr a Lirtlc' Mestcr cup shorvinq rvork or1 thc \\,hecl buinl{
rur_ncd by r sqrirttilr!! boy, !o e lrtc sccnc ofthc rvhoic shop r,vith r,vork on tht
u,hccl, ins1'rcction, rnd thc kiln trcirg rekcd out.
Of fiurrriug activitics ploulihing and so\rirrq;lrc sccll lr1()st oftcn, carlicst
ou ir Sian.r cup (llurgon Ciroup) whcrc thc essocixtion nrel bc' rcligt.,us.
Othcru.isc wc hlvc olivc pickins IrE6l, thc o)ivc prcss end scvcrrl sccncs ol
thc vintlgc rvith thc grlpcs bcire pickcd (rr en Acropolis plaque) or nrore
oftcn bcing trodclcn. Thc pcr_sorncl lray bc srtyr s bnt rhc ccpipmcnt is sixth-
ccntury Athcni:rn. Anlsis ollcrs thc cerlicst and bcst ofrhcsc sccncs l8g].
W:rrships r,r,ith r ranl prow, sorllctilnc! in thc forrrr ofar elinr:rl srrout, rlrtl
l triscd stcrn, erc sornctilncs choscn to dccorxtc thc inncr riln ofdinoi Ir o-z]or'
cretcrs, fioru Exckias on. Thc stceli:rq oars ancl laclclcr-glugplank:trc shorvrr
e! tllc stcrn, end thc seils:trc trrrued fole a:rd ift so:rs to lppc:Lr in thc profili'
vicr'v. Sonrc ofthc o:rled ships shorv trvo bluks of o;lrs rrrd oll onc virsc rr
piratic ilttick is pcrlr:rps bcilg rnountcd on helvier, rourrd-bottonrcd nrcr-
cluntnrcn Ir,90].
Religious occasions
Wc scc littlc cuough oftcurplcs in black figure: ar nrost a tokcn colurnn, brrt
elters eppelr qrrite often, sonlctinrcs in myth sccncs [67, r35, r13], likc tlrc
clcatlrs of Prianr or Tr-oilos, or- thc litbcllcd altar on thc Fran!-ois Vas.^ outsi(I.
Pelcus'housc 14d.5l. Thcv rlc uencr.rily block likc', souretiurrs rvith onc sirlc
2r2
reisccl ls a fornr of rtirrcl brcrk lirl tlr, brrrrirrr srrll.rce 167, r.ls, r.l.;i ,rrr,l
\ol]rctiDrcs Nidr thc architcctu(tl cllbor,rtiorr ol s, rolls. lrr sacrilicc srcrrt.s
ofli'rings ar-c cerricd irr blskcts, lrnd erirnrls urc Icrl trp ro thc' :rlrer, oficrr r,, itlr
nrtrsical eccolrplninlcrit- Tlrc boncs lr)d fit ;r c bu rrrr orr thc elr:rr itsclfurrl rr c
nrel scc the r:ril of rhc stcriflciul aninel tu,isriDs irr thc llenrcs. 'l hc rlcitt,
irvoked rrrclv attcrlds, in '1ivc'or slltu.ry lirrnr. It is usuelll Athcru lr 151
but rhcrc erc scveltl latc sccncs rvhcrc an irulqc of Dion),sos is xtcnclcd L)\.
cllncing rvonrcrr, rarcll clurlctcr-iscd es nlrcnads and widr satyrs. Eerlicr rhc
rulskofDiorrt,sosalone isshou,u,such.rsrnrghrl.r. Lft.rchtdr,,rprli.rr.r..rcult
liqlrrc. Thcl c arc r nuubcr oinrinor rcligious sccncs on lltc vescs onlt, a brrli
,rlonc b1, an llter or levcr rnly bc cnough to indicacc sacrilicc; u,l_vsiclc shlines
rvith e hcrur und sonrctirrrcs an;rltar also eppclr, r',,ith lnen or wonrcD
.r ttcnditl g th cn. Thc hcrm is a piliar toppccl b1 e bcardcd hced o f Hcrnr
cs, :rnc1
u,ith nrelt'gr'nirels, usullly crcct, listcncd or cervccl il f'ront l:7_;1.
A iibation is conulonlv poulccl at the dcprrturc of I rverrior or or l
rimil:Lr occasion, cvcn bl dcitics lz46]. A rvilc or nrothcr holds drcjue, rhc
nren e yrhirlc. ()r rhc u,rrrior irrtv iuspcct chc cntrails of e secrificecl aninral
(cxtispicv) to-judqc it thc olrcns lrc llood lor thc crlrcrprisc Jl (t71.
Thcrc is not rruch inclic:rtioD ofspccial fcstivels. Ilr sontc l)ionysiac sccucs
tlrc agricultural and fcrri]ity aspect ()f rhr god is intlrc.rtcd, lncl rirc nr,,nstcr
phellos clrricd on a lip cup ntrst illusrrate a rustic cclcbration for rhc same god.
His impcrsonation by the rrchon basilcus rnd pessAgc through !hc strccts of
Athcns in a whcclcd ship durrrg thc Andtcstcria fcstival is also shown [:247].
Thc l)ionysiac associations ofmost dccoratcd vasc shapcs rrlay accorlDt for this
intcresr in tlrc ntorc colorrrful sccncs ofhis worship, rathcr dltn those in honour
of thc city goddcss.
Thc Circcks hld no mlrriagc ccrcnrony. Arnasis shorvs us thc pro.cs\i()l) to
!hc gloom's hoLlsc, ilcconrpanicd by thc wilc's ruothcr rvith a torch, rvhile thc
groonr's rnothcr, llso rvith a torclr, rvlits at thc rlcw housc1771. Ncxt
Dronrirrg eUcsts errive with prcsclts. Thc grcat fricze oD thr'FriLllqois Vasc
b: inqs el1 Olyrrlpus to l)clcus :rnd Thctis in chariots or on loo t l$.5 ; c.l. 24- 51.
Sinrplcr sccnes shorv thc cerlicr proccssioll rvith bridc :rnd groour ir thc
cbrrior, rccotnplnicd by dcitics end prcscnts ofboxcs (oflitcu, prcsumabll)
iuld c:rlrlcl-oDs {z671. SolrcercnrythologicxI l)clcu s and Tlr cris, Keclurosaucl
Harntotri:r, and rhc crrlicsr, Hclcn lnd Menclaos (Sophilcan) but u,hcrc
thcrc arc Do inscriptions ol lttributcs wc nrav rcrsonebly think oir sccrrler
occ:lsioD.
Thc laying out ofr bodv (prothcsis) appcars on hurcrary phclLrcs lz65I rrrrl
sonrc lourrophoroi and phorrniskoi. The dcad lics on a bicr, his hcad r,,,cll
proppcd up erd thc chin strep kccping his mouth closed soructimcs llso
\hown. WoircD arc busy or [1or]rDing by thc bier itscJf, according ro
prcscribcd custotr, brt rnalc' nournc'rs rney approach with onc hand reiscd il
lhc rittrll gcsturc. A column rnay indic.rtc rhc scttitlg, in the house porch. ()l
trl-l
 including- chariots'
Exckias' phcluc scrics wc have also the procession-ofguests
-o..";g iir thc ho.rse and preparation in the courryard[lo5] fo-r the
;Ipho."Y Lydos anJsome latet artists show a Procession oFmele
to burial.
foot or horseback' The Sappho Painter is
-o'or.r"., [7r], halrds iaised, on
fond of fu.reral scenes, and apatt from his 'prothesis' plaques he shows us
pr"p"r"tior, ho-e for the '&phora' [266], interment [264]' and mourning
L, ilr. nr"u.."t Onc or two earlier scenes show the 'eLphora' itself' by cart or
oifr U.ir"., lzzol. Rounded or rectangular grave monuments are shown'
Lrr,rl v p"-,'"a *hit. rnd wirh some ;ildlife uPon them They correspond
*i,t monuments of the same date A very few late scenes show
"r'.^rr","d
,h"r. blo.k -orlrl-ents topped by a sphinx or siren, perhaps a grave marker'
with men attendir-rg.
2t4
Chapter Thirteen
SCENES OF MYTH
The conventions which govcrn the depiction of myth scenes in Atheman
black figure havc been discussed in an earlier chapter. Here, by way of
introduction to the description ofthe scenes themselves, it is necessary only to
sound some notes ofwarning.
Athenian black figure gives us by far thc dchest corpus of mythological
scenes in Archaic Greek at, but there are limitations on its value as
representative ofArchaic Greek iconography as a whole, and although these
limitations are not too constrictive, they need to be kept in mind and
cxplained. First, there is the clear indication from other sources in Athens,
notably the architectural sculpture, that it was possible for an Athenian artisc
to set a scene in a different way and possibly with very different narracive
dctails. Secondly, Athens is not Greece. There are, for instance, rich and
carlier series of myth scenes in Peloponnesian art on bronze reliefs and
Corinthian vases. Sometimes Athens' debt to this tradition can be traced,
sometimes her independence ofit. The stylistic and technical influence ofEast
Greek artists in Athens in the sixth century is clear, and we may suspect
iconographic influence too. Although Ionia so far has ofered little with
which to control this, it is clear that there was no absolute 'commonwealth'
oficonography in Greece, and that lonian artists too had their own views. So
this is an incomplete account of the Archaic Greek artist's view of myth,
rlthough it represents the bulk ofthe available evidence for it.
ln this chapter it has proved convenient to group scenes by their protago-
rrists or by thematic association in a poem, like the Trojan cycle of epic. It
should not be thought, however, that the artists took a similar view oftheir
sources. Aitists may be shown to be individually interested in particular
rtories but not, for instance, in the lliad as a source, and the rather haphazard
;rnd scant illustration ofthe Homeric poems shows that the artist's interest was
r)ot in the poem as such, but in the opportunities offered by particular
cpisodcs, such as the companions of Odysseus, translated by Circe, or well-
tricd themes like the blinding of Polyphemos. The situation improves, but
rrot impressively, towards the end ofthe sixth century and with red figure,
l)Lrt not to lead us to believe that a poem alone could have prompted a serics or
cycle of scenes. The Theseus episodes seen on late vases may well have becn
2r J
 sur)s ir) .r rc.rnt p()cur, LrLrt thcir gcncral poptrlrritr', eud ther of tltc pocru
problblr rcl,rtc to thc rcrv polirical significlncc ofThcscus in Athcus. I hlvc
:rrgrrcd elscrvlrcr c thrt Ilcnklcs, xs proriga of Athcn:r, ruey h:rvc cn-jo\ ccl his
crlornrolls poprrlrliry in l)r-isisrlatid Athcns (ofthe ycers fr()nl lbout ja)o to
.llour jlo) bcceusc tlrc tvmnt Ircisistrrtos idcrtificd hirnsclfrnd his lorruncs
*,ith thc hcro, plotcctccl bl thc city llodclcss. So ifthc picrurcs cer)nor illwir)s
hclp us towrrds l bcttcr apprcciation ofcurrcnt litcirtrlr_c (ltlostl,v lost) thcy
llrey hevc cvcn 1]rorc to oficr ()n a broxclcr_ social o: proiirical lcvcl- Thts ts .r
strbjcct rlillicult to cxpl()rc :u)d fi eught with incolclusivc lrgultc:rt.
Frnallr,, drcrc is thc tict thxt fi onl 5 3o on, rcd fiqrrr c bccanlc thc scDior vesc
pilirrlin!l tL'chrliquc in Athcns, eud hcrc uo noticc is takcn of scc'tlc's oD r-cd
figlrrc v:rscs. Ilut whilc rhis nrc:ur s thet this lccoLult ofnlyrh ol Athclriln vrscs
illtcr jJo is seriously incorrplcrc, it still has a siqni6cant unity end indcpcn-
dcrcc, sincc thc black figurc iconogrrphy is scncr:rlly difiircnt f'rorl rhc rcd
figurc, both coltirrrljrlij au olcl treditior:urcl clcvclopi:rq ncw illtcrcsts.
The Gods
Thc ()lynrpien dcirics;u_o sccn vcry ficqucntlv ou black figurc vilscs: llot
oftcn rs protrgorlists ill lllyth, but xs supportirrg fillrlrcs to hcrocs or in thcir
orvn right with no lction invoivcd. As individual patrorr dcitics oftorvns thcy
hed a morc irlportant furcrior il thc living rcliqion of(lrcccc tharr hclocs
likc llcreklcs or ThcscrLs, lrd it rcqtLircd rrorc ingcnuiry on thc prrr of rhc
epic poets :rnd thcir lollorvcrs to iltcgratc rhcnt iu rhc schcntc of rlryth
history. 13ur rhcir :rttribrrtcs erd scperltc ftrnctions as ' cc1r.rrl ' m enrbcrs ofl
firnrily ratlrer thal individuel loc:rl dcitics h;rd alrcady bccn clcfilcd in sonq
rnd litcrrtlrrc by thc cighth ccntury aud this is the spilit of rhc v:rsc
rcprcscrltrltioDs, :rt sorl)c rcnlovc iionr cortcnr1rollly rcligious pracricc end
rcflcctirrq r-:lthcr thcir rolc in nyth history. We look irt thcrn first scprr:rtcly,
\\,ith solrlc n)),!hs in wJrich thcy tlkc thc lced, thcn as:r fenrii_v, rr holrc arld il
b;rtdc; but chcy will rccur oftclr in scenes dcscribcd in l:rtcr scctions of this
ch:Lplcr.
Zrus, in conurorr rvidr thc othcr rlr:rturc rn:lle dcilics, is usulllv shorvn
ir bieck figurc drcsscd, :rJthorrgh iltcr he genctall,v irppclrs nrkcd, or ncarly
so. His plincipal xttributc aDd wcrpon is :l thLrndcrbol!, styliscd lroot a
selecrion ofspikcs, winss rncl florlls, es on l6:, .to6l, but hc mly holcl a finc
sccpt[c lik.'a kiug, and his thronc is ot'tcn r vcrl cllborttc piccc of fumiturc-
His cagJc is not often sccu. llc is sc:rrcd ktr tbc Birth oJ Athud, u,lto spnngs
fully rrrncd frorn his hcad, ard u,ho eppc:Lrs crncrqing frorr it irr scvcrll
sccr)cs lronl :lbolrt 165 orr | 6.u, l zj. r I and sttnclinq on his lap I r 75] liorn about
JJo on. Hc 1l1ty rceistcr surprise or pain at hcr appcer:urcc., arrd Hcplrlisrus rs
often showll stitl-tirlg away frorn hirn, shouldcring thc axc with rvhich lrc has
just dclivcrccl his sistcr goddess. Orlc or two womcrl [6?l lnly ltrcnd ZcUs
216
thc goddesscs of chilcl birth, I'ilcithvi:ri lt7,5l. A scxtcd Zcus, xrtcn(l.rl b\
tl)c t\\,o \\,on1c11 (',r,i1gccl o1 [t3,fl) bLrt \\,ithoLrt Hcphiristos, is plcstrrrruhlr
trking prc-netal cirrc. l)iol vsos " scconcl birth'6orrr Zcus'thigh rvhcrc hc
hrcl bt'cn scu,n b,v Zcus for tirll gcstariorr eftcr Scmclc's plclrlltlrrc dcliver \.
nlxy be sh()wrl or1 thc l)iosphos l)linlcr's rlemc vesc [:72]. [le:e thc yorrrrrl
god strnds on his 1lp holcling torchcs ard is hailed xs 'light of Zcus'
- l)ios plros, btLr sonlc scc yoLlrlg I lcphaistos hcrc. For ZcLts' lnronrs rvc hevc
to l,eir tt: : cd flqutc, which cxpllins r latc b]:rck figurc pursuit of(irrttyrrtdl
(l yourh with r c()ck), but Errr,r)pd is sccn orr sotrrc lrtc vxscs riding thc Zctrs
bull [:14] not to bc confuscd with the mlenad u,lro is sccn siruiltrll,
rrrotLntc'd.
Apirr.r-o is uslrally bcalcllcss It91, :t4; but r4o], dresscd rncl nrrv holcl r
bo\\,,a lrrLrcl br:rnch or a kithrrr. His silrlatulry rDey bc ilrdic:rrcd b1 e tripocl
(I)clphi) and hc is olcc shown ridirle x t: ipod ovc: thc sca, or by rhc peirrr trcc
(Dc1os) rvhich supportcd Lcto whiic shc borc him ancl his sistr'r Artcrnis- C)l
two l:rtc vxscs hc drarvs l bor,r, agair)st the sclpcnt Pllro- [Ic lcts oiicrr rvit]r
Artclris or ferrril1, efleirs. ():r Tt,rrlrcniau vascs thcy itl c scdr shooting dowrl
thc nlaDv dtildrctt o.l Nnr/rr l6ol, rvho had borstcd of hcr supcrlo[ity to l
nrothcr oflrlcrc ru,iDs, aDd nlctiDq out tlrc s;r1]rc trcltrucnt to thc giaDr Jir),o-r,
rvho tricd ro cerry oil Lcto. Tityos is shot in the birck, ancl orlcc showrr hrir).
likt'u sutvr, rn indiclcior ofhis holrid rletulc. Lct() st:tnds bctwccrl rcscucr_s
i11d rttlckcr 159]. Tir_vos' lltc is secn or fi't later blrck figurc vascs. Wc sllall
havc to rctunr to Apollo's l)clphic dispLrtcs u,ith Hcrtklcs.
Hnirurs is bceldcd and, in his rolc of rllesscngcl ilr1d hcrilcl, is rlsu:llly
drcsscd for trilvcl with x short chit(nl xncl chhrnys, as or1 [io-r, r-i7], sonlc-
tinrcs rvith rn lllillll skil or top, but in a fc'rv scencs belorc thc nricl ccncurv
hc u,cars a lorrg chiton (l6"zl, rvhcrc hc idcntilics hinrsclfas ofKyllcnc). His
sun hrt (pctesos) lus r widc brinr end sornctirDcs :L hieh colricel crowD with
tlrc brirr ttrrncd up rt thc beck, Robin IIood stylc, as on l t o 7, t 5 4. t, : z6l. Hc
is bootcd ard cxrrics :r hcrald stlll'(Lcrykcion, cedr.rcclrs) \\,ith thc opcl) 8-
shrpcd tcrnriurl rvhich is only lttcr styliscd as cntwillcd srrxkcs. His hxt ancl
thL' tongucs of his boots mry bc' wingcd, end orcc or rrvicc hc is wingcci
hilrsclf I r 4o ]- Hc is sornctirn cs eccornplnic'd by a dog, ranr or golt, u1d r11ry
evcn riclc thc llst trvo. His orly rcgulrr follor'virg is a group ofuranphs [,u r.9].
(icncmlly his firnction is to lttcrd divinc end hcroic sccncs, n()t to beconrc
involved, ancl ls a rcstrlt hc is probabll, rcplcscntcd xs oftcn xs lry major dcity
cxccpt Athcrla erld L)ionysos. 13ut hc tlkcs ]n activc p;rlt with Kcrircros whcD
Hcraklcs llas to fctch thc rlroustcr lronr th c urrdcrrvorld { r 6 ; ], end som cri nr cs
h:rs to holcl Plris to lris Jrrclgenlent. As;r b:Lby hc stolc,42ol/rr'r rrrtrfu'and is
sllo\\,1 is lD rdult u,ith r lrcld ofbulls on x Tyrrhcniirtl alllphorr x11d litc
vilscs I.ud2]. His slel.irg of ,,1r1os, rvho hacl bccn sct to r",,,atch lo, trenslltcd by
Hcre into e cow, is llother-r'ali6. iu black fignrc. Argos is showu as a tu<r-
ficcd urln, lvhilc Io end Hcre arc in thc pictrrrc too Iio7].
 I)rrNysos, qo<l ol '.rinc, is bcardcd, firll_v dressccl xncl usr.rrll) hcevily
\\rcrrlllcLl \\ith ,.irrr'or ivr.:rrcl holdiDL x cup (lrorDrxll,v il kiulthrlos or'
drirrkrrg horr), err,-1 sonlctinlcs r vinc lcndril. His ship u,ith thc virlc rlrlst on
Exckias' fiurous cup { r o4-31 problbiy rc'lirs to his cncourrrcr s,ith rfrc pir:rtcs
whorrr hc tornccl irto dolphirs. Othclrvisc hc rir-lcs a donkey or trxvcls b,v
chllior [-2.1-2, -256], oltcn u,ith a u,ornan, bridc (Ari;rc1nc) or ruothcr (Scurclc),
Ittcl since he \vrs ir conlplrrltivc ncwconlcr to ()lyrnpus rhcsc scenes u,hich
bcgin lborrt thc nrid ccllturv, 11rey rllrrdc to his errivrl thcrc. Most co111nlonly
hc stelds, sits or rccl;rcs [,2;,s] (iatc) oftcrr rvirh a consort [(ti, ,7i], plxcidly,
ufiilc his tloop of s:ltvrs xld rl)lclxds clilrcc or plil)' rbolLr hinr, ancl on rhc
A:rresis ['aintcr's vascs hc witcl]cs his sutyrs lt thc vintilac lEgl. 1-hc rrost
inrporterrr f)ion),siuc pr-occssloD was rhe one thet cscortcd thc dr-unkcu
Hcpluistos brck to Olyrlpus- Thc Frlrgois V;rsc givcs thc carlicst and ftrllcst
vcrsiorr [,16.7] ofrhc Rrr/r,r ttl lfuphaistos rvith thc qocls rttcndr[g, urd rvith
Hcre pirrrcd to hcr thronc wlit;rg to bc rclcrscd b_v Hcph:risros rvho hed
prcpalcd thc trrp lor hcr bcforc Zcus c:lst hirrr fi orrr ()lyrupLLs. Fronl thc qht
Dionysos end his follorvcrs cscort thc god whosc rclucturlcc had been
ovcrcollrc by r'r,inc. This is thc prototyl'rc for nr:rny hrcr lcss cxplicit
proccssiors whcrc thc gods in Olynrpr.rs arc ornittcd [65]. Dionysos' facrng
hclcl or nlsk lbnls thc ccntrc piccc olr a nunrbcl ofvascs li 7.91, end hc rud
Atircnl lrc rhc ouly C)lyurpiarls $'hosc Norship wxs rl xll oftcr) sho\\,D in
Athenian bhck figure l:,171: Athcnl as city godclcss, l)iorysos probebiy
bccltrsc'ofthc lirnction ofso n)xn)r ofthc vxscs irrvoivcd.
Orr rhe Frlnqois Vasc HEpHAIsros is bcrrdcd, fully drcsscd, his ]:rrncncss
shorvn b1 a nvistcd foot [46.7]. As cr:rftsrr:tn god his rrtriblrtc is cornnronl)'a
cloublc rvoocl axc, cspccillll, in rction sccncs, es et thc birth of Arhc
*r16z, tzj.tl. ()r1 thc lrtt'r v:lscsishc giver slrortcr lvorkire drcssand tongs
r'vhich rcfcr llror-c dircctly ro his rolc es snrith.
Tht' scl god l)osr:IDoN lllilrlcs littlc, looking likc Zcus bur holcling a
triclcnt I r o-; /r,/i, t t z, l4ol, a fish or ;r dolphin. Thc 6glrrc with a tridcnt ridiuq
l horsc lislr (not r rruc sL'x-horsc) oD liltc vilscs lz5ol nright bc PoscidoD,
Nereus ot lrnothel rttlliuc porvct.
Anls, in thc I{,r,knos elirir (scc urrdcr Hcreklcs) or fighting gients is sinrply
a hoplitc lvlrrior. Or ()lvrrrpus hc rves rirthcr;n oLltsidcr xnd his positioll u1
thc FrarrCois Vasc sccuc of thc return of Hcph;ristos [46.7 /rli] indicatcs his
iiilure ro rchicvc bl forcc rvhat Dionysos had acJricvcd b,v r'r,inc.
Of thc gocldcsscs AtrrrN.t is nrturllly thc most pog'r.rier. Shc docs not
rctnlarl,v appcar arrnccl bcforc thc sccord qulrtcr oftlrc sixth cclltr-lry spcarr
onl)r on 194] lnd in thc Judgenrent [-]B]. Hcr helrrct is ofthc Attic vrriery.
ottcn in its 1l1ost sunrnl:lry lorrr a mere cap to slrpport a high crcst [-t35].
Shc r'r,cers e pcplos :rncl, cspccillly on P:truthcnaic vlscs Ir15.r l, e ktrcc-or
crlfllcngtlr ovcr-garDreDt lrJJ, tj9, t6z, zzj] (cpcnd,vtcs) sornctinrcs opcn et
rhc siclcs. Thc Acgis, n scllv uilgic uont skin givcn hcr by Zcus, is u.orn likc a
.2rii
bib, its ctrrll,cclgcs sr,vlisccl lilc srr;rlcs l-97, 1ot.zl.l)rrr not rrsLrell\.bcerrnq
thc gorgoncion conrnrorrlv shorvrr lutcr- l::71. Hcr on,1 scldo:l appcrrs, :rrd
o:r rr fiu llrtc vlrscs shc is sho,,vrr lr'ingcd l?:o7l t trrit leerncd fronr lnst
(ircccc- Ap:rrt fronr hcr birrh, rl:circlr.consiclcrcd, hcr- tppcerarrce in bleck
figurc is trsLr;rl1y in hcr rolc as piltr-or ofhcr()cs ofHc[aklcs rncl to r lcsser
clcgrcc of1)crsc'us. Ii,v thc nricl ccrrrurl,lrcr:rssocietion rvirh a cherior mey hevc
bccn c'stirblished bl thc sccnc of Hc'raklc's' Lrtrodrrction to Ol-vrrrprrs (scc
bclow) but is uscd eqein letcr in sisrutomrchies [:.!4]. It is intcrcsting to
norice how thc Aulrsis Plirrtcr sccnrs to insist on :r lriendly relltionship rvith
Poscidon, rvhilc Cllssicel ar r du,clls or thcir strugglc ftrr posscssion ofAthcns,
:rs in dre ['artht':rorr pccliorcnt-
HrRa is qivcrl no spccill rrtlibutc's in Athcniiin bllck figurc c'xccp! lor xn
occ:rsionrl lincr cLou.:r uDcl sccFtrc. Shc is rttlckcd b), sltt,rs on e vasc of
lror.rnd 54o au cvcnt rcclllccl iu rccl ligurc b,v thc llrygos l):rrrtcr.
ApHRorrrE, rhc third of drc soddcsscs in thc Jtrdgment of Paris, is htrdl,v
bcttcr scrvcd. As cerl1.ls ;7o shc is sho\\,n witl) Elos ill hcr arns, blr! Erar i\ to
bc thc deriilg of rcd tigulc not black figurc'.
Arllurs is nrorc iutcrcsrilg to thc icono!jraphcr. In thc scvcnth ccnturv
shc had bccn shou,n as r Mistrcss ofAnrnrals, oltcn rvingcd, Iiolding onc or
lrvo bcasts, usr.rrlly lions. Shc appcers thus o11 thc Friulqois Vrsc hrucllcs [4 6.2 ]
lnd :r fc'w othcr Athcnian v:rscs, but not much rfter the nricl ccntntv; ltst o:r t
lckythos b,v thc Aruasis Pailtcr. In nr),th shc is idcntificcl b,v hcr bou, or clccr
end eppcrrs oftcr in support ofher brother Apollo [59, 6o]. Shc causcd thc
huntcr,4trrrirrl to bc torn b,v his dogs for rn ofli'ncc v:rriousl,v spccificd il
;rnticluit,v (bo:rstirg, lrrstine or vicr,vinq hcr- nakcd) and lre srrflcls this fltc
llonc, orr occ:rsiorrll vascs l.z5 t] t'ror:r rborLt 56o on.
Ints carrit's r cidr.rccr.rs likc Hcrnrcs. Or thc Frangois Vesc shc is $,ingless,
but latcr usualJy rvingccl, erd on sonrc Ixtc vilscs shc xrtcDds Hcctor's drr!llirnq
rouncl thc rvalls ofTrov. Thc Diosphos l)lirtcr has hcr clrryine e Jcttcr end
on r letc'cup shc appcars u,ith sat)'rs, rccalling thc asslrlt on Hcr:r (scc ebovc).
l)lr,rrrrn enrl hcr diLlqhtcr PLrrsEpnoNr. clrr'y torchcs or cers ofconr, btrt
rhcy:rre inlrcquent on Athcnian bllck figurc. Thcrc arc, horvcvcr, occilsion:ll
picttrrcs of thcir rrlrlc prr-tncr ilt Elculis, 'l t'iprolut:rts, scatcd il his u,hcclcd
rhronc Ii 4 6] (soou to becomc r wingcd ch:uiot ir (lrcck :rrt) md holding cers
ofcom on his mission to ciny thc blcssxrlls oflgriculturc to cilth.
Thc gods actirrg rrrcl 6ghtiug rogcthcr as l firmily proviclc nrlny, inrpor tant
black fignr c teblcrux. Mosr dcitics, cvcn I)cmctcr, rnly bc sccrr r,vith r chlr i,r
(asl-z:6l,LrtQarrclouthcanalogvofthcAthcn;rriodl)iorrysossccrcs,wcrlrly
supposc drcm to bc ol1 thcil wlly to ar1 Olyrrrpiln colrrrcil, or prcp:lrirrg tbr
thet orher qrcrt nruster ofthc qocls at thc u,cclding ofPclcus and Thctis. Thc
gocls sit togcrhcr ro grcct thc rcrrr r'rl ofl lcph aisto s on thc Frln qois Vesc l 4 6. Tl
and oftcn latcr lor no spcciflcd occesion. Morc often they stnucl, convcrsc, oL
lrccollrpirlly c:rch othcr's chuliots lro-3, tt2, tlo, 15j, tg3l. Tlrerc lrc sonrc
2tg
 p()pu lx r c\ \\'lr iclr utc c;rsily cxplicablc: Artcmis end Apollo, Zeus ;rntl
l \,! (rs, )rn Herakles
l:is ch;r bcr'llin I lcrrrrcs I r 5 51, Athcne rnd rhc r1cwly promorcd Henklcs.
nr
'lll bntlt ol tll ladr arrrl.qi,:ar-r:rppcnts lirsr ot Arhctian vrscs in rhc LJcraklcs, by origil r PcloPorr lr c\iir rl hcro, bcclttrc tltc tttost PoPLllar rlrydlo-
56os logical figurc orr Athcniau blrck Iigurc vxscs Probirl)ly bccausc his petroncss
and thc lincsr sccucs ofthc nlass ltcti()r) :lrc carly on li-xgllclrtxr\, vrscs 6-0rlr
\\'ls Athcrle \\,ho was thc.itv goddcss lncl is rcgrtlarll' shou.n rvith hinr. TJre
the Acropolis iry Ncalchos, L,vdos 164 | end othcrs. On liucr- vrsas the actorl
rssociatior l)l:ly have bccn cxploitcd politictlly llso and Pcisisoatos, thc
atoluld ZL'us' che ot! ol sepal.atc cncoLrnter s occasiolally groupccl in tr,vos or-
Athcuiln tyrert, rcturncd 6onl his sccond e\ilc with x chxrlde rccilllirtg
thrccs erc prcferrccl. Itisthccallysr:crrcsu,lrichcourecloscsttotilcspirjtofthc
tlothing mor-c thlln Athcra's inttocluctiorl ofHcraklcs to C)l)'rr rPos by char i()t.
finc stonc rclicf friczc frorn thc' Siphriarl trcxsrry ar Dclphi rvhich is Thcseus' cvcntuel chellcngc to his populerity in Athcrriel xrt llso had its
ryprcciably )atcr (:rbout 5-:5), and on rhcsc onll,is (ic, thc clrth nrothcr, \ccn political oveltorlcs.
suppliceting Zc'us tir hcr qiant childrcn. Thc qiltts urc drcsscd rnd fight:rs
On thc vlscs hc is :r bcl-deci figrtrc, oflerr wcxring his liou skin t ith thc
hoplitc's, but;r 1lw 11)ay h:rvc sctly cor-sclcts arld \or1le tllro\\r rt.irrr"r. Tlr.
prrvs knottcd rcross his chcst rnd usually with irs mesk as his cap. Thc skitl
ccntrc piecc is gencrelly Zcus'chrriot, wirh Athc,:ra fighcrng bcsidc it ard
nrel bc hcld ur b,v r bc1t, or-, lltcr, fly lrcc likc- :r capc lz-u 81. Bcnc:rth urly bc :r
Hcrlklcs uporr it, u,itlr onc foot on riru ch.,r r.r pt,lr. f.l1 in{ h ri b,,rr,, \^ hicir is
short tunic or chitorr. Hc is oltcn whollv rrekcd, rerely drcsscd es a htlplitc and
hisonly r,r,c:rpon in this ectioD {.206]. HcrJkles rnrcr\ iJnrr.,n .r rhc srdrofthc
rrcvcr heLuctccl. I lis usurl wcxpon is r clLrb ftrot belorc abortt l70 on Arhenl.Ln
gocls rvas dccisivc alrd Athena natumlly kccps closc,. Ou nrlnv vescs altcr 53o
v:rscs) bou or-sword, Irol x sPcrr (but rlotc 16.91). As en archcr hc nrr,v :tPpc'ar
shc is sccn hanclling a whcclir)q chat.iirr hcrrcll rid rns d.rl r r -r gi.rrrt. Th e sccrc
ill Scvthien drcss LIrt not \\,ith r Scythi]n crp. Thcrc lrc rilrc cxlllnPlcs of rl
is thcD en isolarcci oIc, but oncc
Hcr-aklcs stands bcsidc hcr l:d41. Hc,r spccirl
bc:rldless Hcluklcs aftcr 5:o, bccomirrg corllrllol)cr irr thc filth ccnturl'.
edvcrsarv is Enkclados I t z tl. Zc,as is scldorn shorvn i:r arnrour. Hc rvields ;r
Athcru is vcry oircn shou,n hclping or cncouragirill him Thc onll othcr
rhunclcr bolt es hc nlourlts his chariot, or, hrcr, fights oll fbor. Hcrrlrcs is
rcguhr attcndlnt frgLrrc is Iolros, his chrriotccr, wlro rttly bc weitiDg rvith thc
solllctirltcs i11 tu morrr, btrt rrrcly fights itr I scp:rrate dUcl, whilc Arcs appclls
chu iot, holdirg Hcreklcs' usclcss rvcapoDs whilc hc wrcsllcs with thc lion, o:'
ls an ordinlry rvarrior. Poscidon is arrncd oniy irr thc cerl1, scqnc5 tru; i5 1116li1
sinrply'lvetching Ir9.z, tg7]. Hisonlvictivcltclp is:rgilinstrhcHyclr:r. Mostof
oficn nakccl or lishtly <lrcsscd. He fiehts witli his tridcnt, rercly a spcer, encl
his spccirl contritrutiol is to crursh rhc gia:rt polybotcs wirit en c,nornrous
thc sccncs lrc of violcn! :Lctidl elrd involvc thc Lebours sct bl King
Eurysthcus of MyceDae. Thcy eppcer' 6rst iu Adrcrrien black 6gtLrc il thc
rock, brokcn fronr thc islerrd of Kos which, whcn ir [:ri]s, u,ill beconrc thc
sccoDd quxrtcr of thc sixth ccDlurv, but thc cxnonic T\vclvc Lebours of thc
island Nisyros. Apolio end Artcnris rarely fighr, with bows. L)ionyros,
Chssicrl pcriod rncl latcr lvcrc nor l1l cquall)' Poptrlar in ctl licr cl:r,vs. Most of
wrcarhcd xnd wllppcd il rn aninlill skirl, fights r,vith spclr ald shield and is
thc othcr Hcreklcs sccrlc! lrc rlso rro cerlic'r thln thc scconcl qullrlcr of dlc
hclpcd by liols. Hcphaistos, on lu Acropolis vasc, plics thc sacks ofhis bcllor,vs
ccntLlrv c\ccPr lor sonrc involvi]lg Ncssos, othcr cclltrurs, Nclctts etrcl
to heat tirc co.ls $,hich he will hrrrl at titc giar)ts, as on thc Siphnien trc:rsrrry
[)romcthclts-
friczc, but hc is not to bc lookcd for in thc later vcrsioDs. Hcra dons hclmct
!Vc trkc thc LxboLrls filst. .lJrl N'crttratl 1-rorr rvas invr.rlncreblc ro ordinarv
and sl-ricld and fiehts rvitir vigour by hcr cousort's sidc. A good cxarnplc
werpolls- Frorr lhc nlid ccrlttlly orl Hcreklcs sotllctilllcs tlkcs a sword to it,
givitg nrosr of rhc sccncs is [154] whcrc our il]ustririons shorv il acri<;l
ollcc lli\ bcnt s\'\,ord is shou,n, and oltcn his usclcss wcepons rrc hurtg up, laicl
Hcrmcs, Hcra and l)io:rysos wc;l r1g an lnimel skin and helpcd by a snakc
rsidc or hclcl by Iolaos who is cor)rn)oll,v ;r xttenchncc. Slalrditrcl sclrerlrcs t'br
aud iions; thcr a sod in a chlriot and a goddcss (not shown) ; finllly poscidon,
thc fight elc rs follor,vs:
aDother goddcss, lnd AtheDl i hcr chariot.
The whole spirit ofthese sccnes oftlrc Olyrupi:rns rs a farrrily is l new onc (.r) thc Lion Icxrs Llp:lgtiDst Hcleklcs \\,ho thrc]tcrls it, grasps a pl\\', r:t1 lDav

irrtir.ck.rrt. rlrlror.gltlorrgt.rrrrrlr.tirrrhcH,,rtrL.rrcpocrrrr. flrc.,crre,l,cErrr nor to11ch it rt a11 [rEgl; (b) r steDding fight with thc boclies crosrirrg.
to appcar abour drc tirne ofdrc'rcorglnisation ofthc paD.rtheDaic Festival in Hcr':rklcs' lrrrrs rloLlnd rhe Lion's ncck arrd thc Lio:t solllctirnes cla\virr'j
566. This possibly involvcd Honreric recirals or conrpctitions, and rhe pcplos llcraklcs'lcg l97l; (c) rs thc hst bul with thc Lion's hcad turncd en'rv; (d)
robc' brought ro Athcna on thc Acropoiis et thc Crcrt panetheruia was with botlr bodics going right, thc Lion bc,vond Hcrrklcs I91l; (c) rvrcstlilrg
crnbroidcrccl with scencs lio[r thc war with the (]iants_ Thc vasc sccnes o1r tbe qrourlcl, Hcrlklcs kncclrrtg with his arnls iuotuld lhc Lion's ucck,
which beiong to thc cxrly years ofrhc rcorganiscd festival, ancl werc rnany of rhcir boclies cxtcnded i:r oppositc dirccrions, or (t) iu thc s.tnlc dirccti,,rr;
them dcdicated on the Acropolis, surcly rct'i-r to it. (r) Hcllklcs krccls end throrvs drc Lion forlr,ard ovcr his shoulder (vcry
r1[c).

22.)
'1'lrc l:rst
thlr'r'rrl thcsr'r'crsions llrc sccn r)D1\'ri'tel ebout ijo. All !hcsc groops
rcscnri)1. ordirrrr'\ \\rc\tliDq tllrows o: holc1s. Thc rrlists oac:lsi(rrrllv sho\'
tltc hcro rvc.rlirrrl l llon skin, firrgcttirg th;rt hc lcrluirccl it firrur rhis vcrl
Lion. ()ncc hc is slro\\rr qLrttinq llie crcrtur-c.'l'his is rhc nrost poptrler ofrJl
thc Lebotrrs lnd ucll ovcl fivc hundrcd bl:rck figLrrc rcplcsclrtlttiol\ .llc
krorvr pcrllrps nror'e thilrl rhosc of :rll rhc othcr Lebours put togcthcr.
71rr' Hydra hls lrorr trvo to ninc (usu:rliy ninc) snekc hcrds cnlclging li or
l plurrrp, coilccl bod\,, sorrrclirrrcs r,vith I tbrLcd t:til, likc r nrirssivc shcll-lcss
sDlil. Hcr-rklcs usLlxlll :rtt:rcks r,vith l srvord, soltrctitl)cs rvirh e sicklc (herpc)
:rDcl is olrcn hclpcd br. Iollos. Thc AthcrirD ar-tist scldorrr adrlrits thc cr;rb, scnr
br Hcr:l to ctclrtc ir clivclsion by nippilg Hcr_eklcs'lrcci, ol Iolilos'tolch u,ith
$hich Ilc sc:rls thc scvcrccl uccks, or thc rvlitirrg chlriot, lvltich.trc olicrr
sho\'n irl rron-Athcllirn sccncs; thc lrlollstcr too is nollll.rlly iurrcr. l'u7ol
rrntrsuellv crplicit-
Hcrrklcs cnptLrrcs thc l:r'ytnntltiat l3oal rvith his berr. h.rncls lnd rrrl,v bc
sllou rr !l.rpplurq rvirh ir, lltiine ir, cerrf irg it o:r his shouldcr. or tr uudlirrq rr
\\'hccl-l):rrrow leshior I r 661. Eurysthcrrs, obsc:ving his rturn, hicl ir I p.ut
buriccl storlucjlr lncl L{cr:rklcs is oltcrr showri rboLlt to tip tlrc bol: i:r on top
ofhinr {19:] thcon11 L:rborrr rvhich lc:rdsitsclfrohunrour-. 1hcc:rpLruris
sho*,r brrcll bcfbrc rhc nriclcllc of thc ccntuly; thc confiont:rtion rvirh
Ettryslhcrrs burclv bclbrc thc lesr cperrcr.
'l-lr Kcr),uiti,lt 1)r,tr,"r'as Ar-tcuris'bcest errcl hecl I golclcrr horn. licr.rklcs
cxptLrres it rliv. l.:ogl ucl is oncc shor.r'rr brcrkinq oft its lrorr. Iloth Artenr:
;rrd Athcrrr rrrilv lttcrlcl (scc:rlso bc-lou rvith Apollo). Of his orhcr aninrel
tlr.rlrrics thc St,r,nrphrli:rn Bircls erc rercl\ showD, rittrtckccl bv swor-d, bow or
slirrr: [951. end rhc Thrrciln Horscs of Dionrcdc\:r]c its !c.rrcc lr7o.r]. oncc
shou n rvinqcd :urd ettecLccl u,ith .r cltrb l-u 5 7l. Thc CrcreD llrrll, torvh ich h.rcl
br^ blought brck lli,,,c, is fir morc conrruor, tlonr drc lticl ccntut y ou. Apnrr
ironr sccrcs ofthc cirptlrrc, thc nrost clr:rrlctcr-istic clolrp, ofthc l.rtc pcliocl,
shorvs thc BLrll brorrght to lrs knccs ltS+, :Z+l errd bcirg ticcl bv its nruzzlc,
,'-.,.rr,I .,.rr..r trr r. ..,.rrrr,.l..
Hcrlklcs'cucountcr $ith (l(,,),ori errd thcfi ofhis c.tttlc, wls onc ofthc
ruorc cotrinroulv rcplcscrted Lrborrls- (lcrvor .rppcilrs ilr il triplc wrt-ri(rr,
joirrcrl .rt thc $ilist, iuld Hcrlklcs:rdr':nrccs on hirrr u,ith bou, or club h:r,.rrrr1
:rlrc:rdy disp:rtchccl rvith rn rrrorv onc oi thc rhrcc Lrodics, rvltich is col-
lepsinr 196 ]. C)thcr fisurcr sho\\ 11nl:rv bc thc skirr-c;rppcd hcr rltnrrn ELr ryu()l
uho hes rlrcedv bcc[ stIUck dowD, his nronsrcr doq ()r'lhos, rvho:tltry bc
lwo-hc.lclcc1.,rncl tltc crrttlc.
Orthos'brothcr,thcdoeKlrr(,,'or,hrLltr)bcblouqhtoLrtoflhclcsl-r6:71.
Thc lrorrstcr is trsu.rllv shoun with tlo hclcls lucl sornctimcs u,ith sn:rk)
c\crcsccnccs. Hcrrkles n.'eotiiltcd lris strrrcnclel lll.l clocs Dot hlvc to 6ght
hinr, rnclelv to lced hirr, brrt lrc kccps his club rclclr',:rs \\,cll rs thc c|.rrn.
Hclmcs mrv bc shou.n couxing thc rr()nst(r', lrLl l)crscpltouc u,utchinq. Ircu,
letc sce:rcs sbor,r, Hcnklcs' lc(lri\iri()rr of drc ,4pplr,r o/ tirl Ht-rpt,rirlr,-r, cirlrcl
,iuppoltirls thc hcevcns uhilc Arles li'tchcs thc litrit Iz5z], :rs or) rhc f.ulroUr
()lt,nrpil rnctopc, or hinrsclf lrt:rckirg thc st'rptrtt coilcd :rrorrrtrl thc
trcc [2.i3]- ()n his u rr. u'cst hc nrc't Flli()-r (thc Surl) rnd :r fell' 1:rlc vnscs shorv
thc confrontetior, Hclios ir Jris rvingccl cha:ior, olic'n frolt:rl [-z6o], lncl tlvo
hrvc Hcreklcs seilins ir thc (loldcn llor"vl u,hich llclios providccl [:3:].
I Thcrc erc no sccr)cs of thc cicxr)sirq of Au{c:rs' stlblcs.
Hcraklcs' fighr egeinst thc.4rrra.'olr is gcncrrlly conducred es r rcguhr
btttlc, :tncl chc hcro hls u,arriol contpltuio:rs u,ho oftcn turc ler lcss u,cll then
hc- Hcllklcs'opporlcnt! oficu shorvn filling arvey fronr hirrr, is sonrctul)cs
uilDrc(l Androrruchc l ;6l. Thc fight is sccond in poprrlrritl orl; to thc Lion
rnd bcttcr rcplcscntcd th:ul nrost L;rtrorrrs in thc sccond cllrilrtcr of thc
is acrtLu ),.
So rrruch 1-or thc L:rbours, bLlt thcrL' rr'c subsicliar'l cpisodcs. To cliscovc: his
routc to thc I lcspcriclcs I lcr uklcs qr appics r,r,ith Nlrlrr r, thc Olcl Mln of tlrc
Sce. 'fhis is e sccDc cllr-r-cnt x1lcady in thc 6rst qrrlrtcr_ ofthc ccntlrr\'. Ncrcus
h:rs t lturtrln lotcpatt arrcl long frshy bocl1, lrom ,,vhich brclk orit r[iulif'Lst.r-
tions ofhis skill rr lnr.rtilrion into srllkc, lion or' fir c. Hcrlklcs tLrrrrs his hcrd to
obscrvc rhesc [16]. 13ciorc thc nricldlc ofthc ccrtrrrl thc r)utiltiorls clislppcxr,
Hcraklcs lhccs lirrrverd, lnd thc rlonstcl sccrlls to hlvc cherrgcd iclcntity irnd
is latc'r ne:ucd 'l ritott lzt 3). The poi:rt ofthis chirrgc rDiv hivc bccrl r nrrttcr
oi polirical s,vmbolisrrr radlcr tiriul ln,vth()i()gy. On a fcrv llitc vuscs Ncrcus
rcrppciLrs, but l,holly hunr:rn [-:o.z], u,ith flrc sterting fiom his bodv lncl
enirrrrls eroLrnd, likc his dauehtcr Thctis nttcnrpti:rq ro fighr oli Pclctrs (scc
bclo rv).
Arrothcr cpisodc lssociltcd u,ith l Lrbour wxs thc fiqhr with rhc (,i,rrt,rrrs-
L)n his rver, 1br thc Ilo:rr hc pcr suedcs thc ccntaur l)/ro/os to opcr thc ccr)li1rlr s'
corDtliunill rvincjlr to Jct hirtr cltiDk. Thcjar is sho$ n es e sunkcn pithos u ith
its sllb licl lcrlrovcd whilc Hcrlklcs rncl Pholos sterd by ol drc iieht
bcqins lr97l. Ihc rLo:uu uttractccl thc othcr ccntrurs rvho :rtceck, ;rnd ur-c
toutcd by Ilcreklcs, so wc hrvc n1a1ly sccr)cs with sinrply Hcrtklcs fightrnq
_fhc
ccltarrls I i.z.: ]. sinrplc ccntarrr fieht is shou D bcf'orc 6oo bu t ill sollt c litcr
ccnt:tur'om:tcltics thc cclrltc-\t ol cvcrl thc idcnri|t, of e Hcr;rklcs lrirv bc
qLrcstionccl {9a, i r 7]. I'hc ccltaiu Pholos .^pisodcs bcgin ir drc 5t o'r-
'I hcrc arc othcr cncountcrs, lcss ()ttcl sholr,n : oncc' $ ith (i,ra-r, Olcl Aqc,
showl rs I \\'izcncd dwlrf; rvirh thc gilrrr,4rrt,lirr-r rvlth rvltonr hc wrc,i-
tlcs IIgg]; rvith thc qilnr hcrclslllllrl .4/t)ro,rarr-r rvho is rrstL;rllr' slton,u rccLrr-
bcnt ol slcc'pine, holdinq a rurssivc club fzo5l r,vith rhc snrell u,rrllccl f-rgrrre of
Hypnos (Slccp) pcrchcd or hirn end drc Clttlc of drc Sun, uiich hc ltrrcl
stolcrr, nciLr bv; u.ith thc trvin robbcrs, Kr,r'Aopc-r, r,honr hc pursucs or', nrorc
ofrcll, crrrics otl likc glnrc, sllspcrrdcd Llpsidc clo\\,n fionr ir polc ecr-oss his
shoultlcr' l:341, a position fiorn u,hich rhcy.libccl :rt his huirincss until hc fi ccd
rt -l
thcrr);rnLl sh()()tir)g (lo\\,r thc lirtrily ofllarltos for rhcir doublc rlc:rling. For
thc iight rvith li.ylrror, ulrich is morc popular, Herakles rna1, rvcur clir,lucly
providcd rrrr)olrr (brrr ro hclntct) lnrl is often supportccl by Atlrcnl rvhilc
I{vknos is hclpcd bv Arcs l-z:31. llirrclv our- hcro is fightine A rcs hirnsclf (as
or1 thc KolchosJug [6dl) with K,vknos clclcl a1rcacly. Athcne or Zcus rrav bc
showl) scpxrxtirrg tLrc colrrbatants, aDd lxter Zcus' thllncicrbolt rlonc is shou,n
hovcring betu,c'en thcur. Br-rir/-r, en Esl,ptier king, slcriliccd ail foluign
visitors. but Hcreklcs turns thc tablcs on hin ud his Africar) steli-. Thc s.cnL is
rrrc (rLniquc?) ir Athcnil:r black fir:urc'll43l.
Hcraklcs hld to light trorh ro rvin errd to kccp his briclc Dc-iuuin. Hc fiqhts
thc rivcr god ,4rlrr,/oos, rvho is like r centaur but wirh :r bull's bod,v, or, rarcly,
shown islr human hcadcd bull. Thc crclturc's horn is ofrcn grrspcd l-:oEl,
btrt not, in bl:rck frgurc, brokcr o1l ls it should bc in rhc stor\.. Thc ccrrrlLrr
rV'JJo-r tricd to rlpc Dcirnir a hlving fi'rriccl hcr lrcloss a rivcr'. Hcr:rklcs kiils
hinr u.irh srvord, rrrorv or cluLr. In thcsc cpisodcs l)ciarire hcrsclfrnl,, stlucl
to Nxtch, is irr Ncssos'illn1s, on his buck [7g], or is omitrcd. Hc'rlk['s rncl
Ncssos eppcrr ir bleck ftgulc llrclcly bclirrc 6oo on thc Ncssos Piintcr's narlrc
vtsc [5.-r ]. Thc sill Hcsiorlc hls llso to be rescucd, b1, killing l sc:r nronstcr,
.rr,d tlruru ..ru L,t. .,.r'.', ol H, r.rLt,.., rrl(rrr- it\ r.,pinr j.,rr.. ln \ r,l ,.ul rr\
ronguc Ir 79].
Thc'r'r' nlc two spcciel crlcourtcrs n,irh Apollo in rvhich the,v disputc
posscssion ofcitircr ,4 pollo's tripol or a der, rvhich nrrl bc tlkol ro bc Apolio's
:rninrr1, or his sistcr Artcrnis'. []oth Artclllis alld Athcne xrc usuallv shorvu rrr
sr.rpporc, encl thc plotxgolrists eithcr' ftcc cech othcr rvith thc prizc trctwccn
thcnr, or Hcreklcs lrolds it bcncath hls ernr rnd Apollo fbllou,s ro \\,riJ\r rt
lroru hinr ltE,l, 22t. j2o; tq1). -lhe tripod sccnc is corltlotrcr ltrd ln;r\, htvc
hcld sonrc syrubolic signilicaucc in Dclphi :rfrcr thc First Slcrcd \Var.
1)rorrlr,//rcr.r-r, bourrcl lnd inrpllccl on e stake, is frced by Hcr:rklcs who shoots
doun Zcus'clglc u,hich contc\ diil).to cilt Pronlcthcus' livcr. Tlrc sccnc
:rppcilrs llrcxdy by 6oo [6.2], rnd on a 1i.\\,Tyrlhcnian vescs.
I Icreklcs' only qui.t orolrlcrlts in blrck figurc erc rvirh lris pltrot or lt Jris
:rporlrcosis. His IttrLtdrrctiort rtt ()l),npus js efc'ctcd b,v Athcne rvho lcecls hirl
bclirrc Zcus. C)thcr gods nr:Ly be in attcuclrrucc, notrblv Hcrnrcs rvlro cer lcacl
thc proccssion es ushcr lr.u3.zl. A liw carlv sccncs show his rpproech bv
chirrio!, but Athcnu hcrsclftakcs thc rcins only iiorn !hc 55o's ol lnd cithcr
flglrlc lrrav bc shour nrountinq ol disnronntcd lr6E]. Iol:ros is sornctrrrcr
rrr)cxpcctcclly ptcscrlt, rrsu:t1l) es cheriofccr. C)thcr gods rrray accomplnv thc
proccssion, copicd oI rDspirccl b1. l)cisistraros' rcturn to Athcrrs lr]d lhc
Acropolis irr thc earlr'51o's (Ilcrodotus i 6o). Soructinrcs thc herncssing r'
shorvr, errd with i scttillg of c()hul)ns u.hich suqgcsts thc Acropolis rt-
sclf[22J1. L)n L)lylrpus Ir5-il Hcrlklcs plavs t]rc irtcllcctuel, cnrcrtrinin,j
rvith thc lvrc or kithar':r, aDCl nlilv xpperr rllolmlinlr e pletlbrrn (bcrre) to
pcrfbrnr ll65l, but orcc ;r bLrrrirg lltlf is shorvn, so thc scttillg nrilv not
2)4
:rl\\':rvs I)e ()lynrpus. Hc rrrrrriccl rvcll.:rucl ir shol,r in a cirerior rvith rhc
qoddcss Hcbc. Lr rhc lest qr.rertcr of thc ccntu r-r' hc is sh ot n ulonc u ith orlrcr
gods cspcciellv Athcn;r l:.761, u,ho conqrrtuhtc hin rs hc rc.lincs irl
li'.rst lr6r], sornctinlcs l.ith
l)ionvsr.rs lncl sclvcd b\ s.rtvrs, occlsion.lily
hinrsclf conrribrrtirg !o thc rcvcis on thc pjpcs. His othcr lsvrcietiorr rvirh
srtvrs orl bhck ligllrc is orr t\\ o littc vlscs rvhcrc hc is robbcd bv thcnr, :urcl
lclcling tltcrr ils prisoncrs. Scenc's of hi:n s:rcrificing (et dlrvn on [:60], ls a
victor lr;9]) or lc:rding r bull to srcrificc holdinq e burdlc of spirs lr67l
prcsurr)ilblv Iclcr lo his lilc o:r c.rrth-
Theseus and other heroes
()ulr thc(lrcfln :rdvcnttrrc ofThcscrrs figtrrcs irttportlrlth, i Athcrliitn blrck
figurc, r.r'irh thc sh liug of thc Miroterrr lnd thc vicrory d:rnca- Thc lxrtcr wrs
sholvn b,r'l(lcitils oncc oD thc Frlur(_ois Vrsc *.hcrc thc ship cornine to picl
up thc girls rr)d vouthr rcscucd bv TltcscLrs is elso scct 146.,r1.'l-hcscus hcrc
lclds or thc ly rc lrrrl is a bcrlclcd, scrtclr' lirarrr-c. This is lrorv hc ls shourr br
Erckirs (on e h-eqnrcrrt) uho rlso p:rirts l cluict sccnc ofhis sons t,ith tltcit
holscs. llesidc Thcscltr at thc dilcc oll thc' FlilDc-ois Vesc strrtrls Arildnc.
holdine thc skcrr of rhrc:rd r,,hich h.rd lcd hirn through thc l:rbvrirrth lncl a
wr'cxth, xnd t() hcr siclc hcr nrrrsc. Ari.tclnc rncl nursc :tlso lrtclcl thc s1l1,ing of
rhc ,llirrorirrrr on thc sisncd brnti cup bv Archiklcs .rnd (iirukirL's lr r6..u ],
whcrc Athcllx \1,rits u,ith thc lyr c rrd voung Athcllirlns \iltch thc cn(1)Lllltcr-
u hich shouid h:rvc tlkcn phcc oLrr ofthei: siqht ir thc isollrcd rcccsscs ofdrc
I:rbl rin tlr. Thcr , or lcpr-cscl)trtivct, l c shou n in olh cr clcpictions o fthc frlaht,
\\,hich \virs vcr-\ populrr fiolr itbollt .i60 on. Thc ltonstcr hrs :t hLnlel bodr.,
soDrctin)cs hairr,, rlith :r bLrll's hcllcl e d t:ril rrtd nte\' bl-il riish lr stol]c-
Thcscus, bcrrdlcss, rttrcks \\.ith a srvold. holclirg thc bclst's horn, r.r,r.ists or
rrcck. Thc c()nlnr()ncst scl)cllrcs huvc thc Minor.ru: ruunilg tiolr hlnt, or
ullLpplccl lncl uith its irced turncd towerds or aull,frolr hirtr. OD vcry lrrc
vascs thc nloDstcr hrs fillctr to tltc rrtounrl ot.is bcillg dritrlgccl liont fltc
lebvtirrrh in rhc rcd flgut c :rurncr-- Thcscus usuJll\' \\'cirrs :r short chiton, u.irlr
:ur lrrimtl skiu on thc crrp citccl, but on vascs oflround 54o bl,Lvclos {66-:l
lttcl l compllion, hc ucirrs rvlrrt rntrsl hilvc Lrccrr r-ccoqniscd as r C)-ct:rn loin
cloth,lnd in sonrc ofthcsc sccncs his cloak lics foldcd ovcr.t storlc.
Of lris.rnrouts, thc rlpc of Hclen hls bccn suspcctcci in sccncs rvith n,, cr
YoLlths accostiDrl ii woll):lt1 (Antesis I)lintcr) or trki g hcr to I chlrr.,r
(Lersros Cilorrp), but drc Anrlzon QLrccn,4r,r/()l)t' i\ idcrti6:rblc bv hcr.drc\s
rld oucc br inscription. Shc too is clrricd to I chrriot, t\viac \\'jth Posciclon
ill)ctting ol1 Lcrirrirl vitscs l.:ool. Thcscrrs is nuntccl otr thc Frenr.ois V.tsc
ccntlurorrrrchr', hclpirrq Pcilirhoos:rncl thc L:rpiths, but rot in othcrs.
Lr thc sirth cclltllr_\ AtltcDx is or l]tuch lntcrcslccl in thc hct-o rvho rs rLr
bccorttc hcr citt,'s hcro prr cxccilcrrcc. His Dc\\. st:rtu\ is l)irrdh, lchicvccl
t2j
bcftrrc ;rboLrt .,ro. rvhich sccs thc cDd of Pcisistr.rrirl r.rrlc lr Athcns. Ihcn
Thc-scus c:ploits on thc ro;rcl tl-onr Troczcn to Arhcns Lrcgin to rrppcer-olicn orr
\ilscs, cspccirllv rcll figurc, bLrt drc Thcscus P:rintcl shorvs him u,ith .Prrrr.r.rrr/r,r
(lopplrrg hirr). Sirrr-r (prcprrlrq to strctch hinr ou his pil)c trcc) ;rr11 S(ilr,r
(toppling lrirrr) f-u;-s l. Hc is irlso non sccr biurline rhc ,\.lat.ttltnlidit Bulll24)lt1.l
thc schcnrc used b,v I lcr'.rklcs rvith thc () cr:rr bcrst. brrt thcrc is :r nrid-ccrrtury
Yrsc sho\\'irrs.t uirkcd voullr;tttrcking i1 Lrrrll ,,,"ith ir suord (?) lrtl rlris rrright
bc hc.
l)rr r.us' rvooing of lrld rtrurrirgc to fhctis tirltccl rhc pt.olouuc to
Trtlerr l.u urs
srrng in thc Epic Trojun c)clc (icc l)clo\\,)- C)ihis clr.licr
uncl
Drisrdrcrtulcs orrc. \\]tcrc hc uls trccrl, bY l /irrir tl n badr.ltIpc.lrs orr rwo
lltc vuscs l:.;ol on onc ofrvhich his rcscucr- thc ccDtilur (lhirorr is .rlso shorl,n.
H c n lcstlcs rvith th (. sp()r ts\\'o lrllll .ltalatttd <lt e r'.rsc oiebout j6olucl sorirr
lltc r'.rscs,
I)lttslus decrpit:tlcrl thc (lorgorr
lJr,r/rr-irr llcl nndc oE uitli hcr hced.
pursLrccl b1'hcl trvo sistcr-s. Thc pLrrsrrit occrrpicr bhck ligLtrc.r:.tisrs r:rrhcr
thilD the rttick, [Tccrusc thc ltrnniug (iorgorrs rvcrc so c]ccor.lrlr.c, in,:lccci il
thc lrttc sct crtfh ccntLrrY rhc Ncssos l)uintct-giVrs lrs ol]lv thctrr Nirh thcir dc]cl
sistcl on his nuntc \:lsc! rhc cloJphins bclorr, indiclting pLrrsuir t>vct. scl J 5. -.l.
()lr x tr;rglicutitry bo,.r'l u e h.r vc his PcrscLrs :rncl
;.rrolcc!rcss Athcnl, u hilc tltc
(iorgor I).rjrrrer. on his n.rnrc vlsc, hrs thc wholc sccDc errd lclds Hcr--
rrrcsJrr.-ul. lhrsisthcusu.tl schcutc, brrt rhc srrbjcct Loscs popul:rl.itt clrDrn{
thc tlrircl rltr.rlrcl oithc sirtlr ccDtur'\'. l)crscLrs is drcssccl i:r ] shorr chiron, fbt
spccd, ltis rl:rqic cr1) ofd.trkDcss is ll fctlrsos:rld It is r:rlqic b()or\ ;u.c sollclllLs
rvinqccl. IIc Lrscs 11 s\\:orLl or'hrrpc'-sicklc. llrc (iorgorr hc:rcl is
b.rr: (kibjsis) slrrns round his ncck lr7o..:1. Thc (iorqorrs rlso u,c.rr shorr
chilorls, lloots sollctirllcs rvirgccl, irrrd :rrc tllonsclvcs t,inqcd. Thcil.
r:rolcsquc tiontrl hclds lblloll rhc (lorirtltiln invcrrtion ofr liorr nrrrk u ith
ruskccl jlus, lollirrq torrguc, squrshv lo!c! but hurtrrtr ctrs.incl cYcs. Strekcs
rppclr oftcr in thcir'hair, \o tctjntcs in thcir harrds or. ls e bclt. Thc Atu.Lsis
Paintcr shor.i's thc :rcturl r.lcclpitarion [,sol, rvidt Pcrscus cerclillr. lookine
:r\\'xv, xnd it itppclrs :-lrclv letcr in bluck tigurc. The dvirg Mcdrrst gilvc birth
ro Pcgx$s:urd thc lrumrnoid (lhrvsror ijrrr her scvcrcd ncck irnd thcsc
figurcs, or thc fitnrcr- llonc, xrc vcrv occlsior)illy sccn crncrging or.lir.clrl\'
f'rcc of hcr bodv {.u 691. I-hc (iorgon }rced elorrc l69l is r fhvouritc rorrclcr
dcvicc fiorn the Ncssos l)irirrtcr's lckrnei to latc cups [.:go.-:], r,r'hcrc u,c oticn
scc folche.lcl dots ulich nr:rv clclivc f'ronr thc hiliry wrrts in this posirion on
oricnlirlisilrq liolr rnrsks. (lor gonciu llso ;rppc.rr rs tlrc prilrcipiii dccorirtiorr on
l groLrp ofskvphoi ofthc -i:os irud rs shicld dcvir.cs.
BlLtrloprror.r riding thc \\inqccl horsc [)ci]rxrs, ettlcks thc Cihirnlcr-r with
e sircer. Thc monsrcr's rorrtr.il tirrnt is;r lioD, uith l gr)et's llcil(l llrtd Dcck
spritqinu fionr its b:rck end occrsionrlly brcarhins firc, rrcl ,,,,lth:r srekc
tril 139, r 5:]. lhisis:rrolhcrstorlshichu.rsillusr:urcdbvthccarllcstofthc
12()
Athcnlan bleck 6gure artists, but tlrc Ncssos I)airltcr in his cerlicst deys (rs tlre
fonncr Chinracra l)ailtcr) lbrms thc rlronstcr in more close:tccord wirh thc
Horncric formul:r, and rnakcs the whole of thc hind qutrtcrs illto il
scrpcnt I7l. Thc subjcct docs not survivc into lrte black figurc but Pcgasos
alolc does, ils :1n isoiated motif (notably as thc shicld dcvicc ot thc Klco-
phrf,dcs P:tilltcr's l)enathcnaics [Jo].2]), just as both llcllcrophon rnd thc
(lhimacra ntly appcar in isolation c:lr-lier and evcn Pcgllsos tlonc with thc
(lhimlcre.
rhc Aolarros had to yokc l lion and boar to x chxriot to win his bridc, lnd
Apollo, tenlporarily obligcd to scrvc llin), pcrtbrms the task for-him. Thcrc
arc a fcw latc sccrles ofthc chlriot group, with Apollo | .::10 ]. A hcro iightrng .r
sclpcnt is possibly Kaul.os with thc dregon which hc killed and those tcctlr
hc sorvcd. But thc sccncs, nreinly latc, are not cxplicit tlld thcrc is thc
possibilitv ofconfusion hcrc rvith HcrakJcs with thc slakc guardine rhc eppics
of the Ilc'spcridcs, or with arl .rb:idged H,vdr.r.
On thc Franqois Vesc thc (larvuoNIAN lloAR hunt is shown in a silglc
friczc r.ith thc boar at thc cclrtrc heving brougbt dor,r,n l dog tnd a
iruntcr [16.3]. Flcing it ere Peleus and Mclcagcr, Mcllnion arrd Atelette, rrrd
rrnorlg thc othcr hLrntcrs we find thc Dioskouroi. This is thc usLrxl schcrlrc for
tlrc hr.rnt, rvhich with rarc cxccptions is dcpictcd orlly rrr thc sccond quartcr of
dre sixth ccntrrry Ir i 6.1]. Thc hcroc's lrc morc Lrsually not rrxrlred rrrd evL'Il
rhc firir Aralanta rrriy bc orrlittcd but thc schcnrc of rhc dogs .tt.ckjnq thc
boar bccorncs st:rndtrdiscd. Thc tridcnt boar spcar is soluetinrc's ttsc'd eg.rtnrr
thc bclst. Sonrc boar hunts with horsenrcn arc Icss ccrtairrly idcrrtificd rs thc
crrrrcd irr I Calyclorien.
lltcrcst in rhe story of thc SEVEN AcAINST Tnrlrs is sporaclic, bcgiDDiDg
or) TyrrhcDiarll vascs wirh thc hcrocs Adrlstos ar1d,4,i?ridldo\ sctlirrg orrt in
chariots. C)n x later v:rse Hipporncdon is sccn with his wit'et tn eltir, .ud
othcr 'warrior dcplrtirrg' sccllcs with chrrjots rllty rcfcl to lhc stol)',
espccially whct thc wo[Ien and chi]drcn rrc prcserlt, since tlrey arc importlnt.
Anrphieraos' rvilc Eriphyic hed bccD bribcd with ar xnLrct nccklacc (u hich
shc is oucc rt lcrst showr cllrtchinq) to scnd hinl to his dc:rth. Anothcr
aonrnrorl figurc is ll scatcd and sorrowillg maD bcforc thc horscs, prcsLlrDablv
ir sccr, arld therc rDay bc othcr cxpressioDs ofglicfor disrDa,v. Eriphylc r,vcrtt
on to bcheve in a sirnilar \\,xy to hcr soll Alknlcon in thc sccoud cxpccliric,rr
end his vcllgcancc on hcr, by kiiling lrc'r it hcl husbild's tonrb, nlxy xPpcar
on another Tyrlhclrian vesc l63.zl. A srukc lirr,v rcxrs r.rp eqainst lhc rnrtri-
cide. Atonynrous sccncs of wxrriors tightirrg errd bcinq separrtcd by a nrarr
(ir thc schcnre ofHcrakles, Kvknos arlcl Zcus) rrc doLrbrfulll'rcfc'rrccl ro rhc
fiehting at Thcbcs (as Irai]).
Thc (l l);rintcr oncc, lrnd hte lrrtists nlo1c oticn, show thc THtrBAN Sl']IItNx
clrrying off a youth, clinging bcncath hcr bcl1y. Thc Thcbln prirrcc Hrirrroo
wlls olrc victinl aDcl givcs his n:lnlc to the late lckythos p;ri[tcr lvho fevotlrs
::7
 I
this sccnc l:7.yl. lhc cncountcr wirlr Ocdlpur appeers only on r ferv latc
vescs lirllorvinq thc rcd 6gure schcnrcs, with the sphinx on t rock or
MtrDEA dcr)onsn;1tL'd to thc l)drq[r.r-{ (ll R,i lrl-r horv rhc',v could rcjuvcnltc-
thcir f:thcr bv clrttiirs Lrp a rrm and boiling it. Wc see the u,orncn ancl thc ranr
(u,holc)inapotovcrthcfirconsoirever-ylatcvascsl:T8l.Pcliassuccurubcd,
end the fune:ll genlcs ()l:r fi'rv vlsc's oflbout 575 :rrc inscribed rs f()r hinr.
The Trojan Cycle
Scerrcs lronr the Trojrr) Cyclc are treated herc i:r the ordcr ofthc srorv. ()fthc
cpic pocrn! $c Ilied;rnd thc C)dysscy nrev bc thc clrlicst corrpositiolls, r11d
hlrve srrrvivccl intact, bllt thcy arc rot thc ciulicst in thc nxrrrtivc, Dol thc Inost
popullr with blrck figrrrc .rtists. Othcr post-l lornclic c'pics cornplctccl thc
stor,v of Troy, stnrting with thc remoter ciu.lscs, including rhc contship of
Achilles'prrcnts errd cnding with the rcturn ol'the Clrccks aficr rhc wer.
Of the poems the KypRIA deal with Achillcs' parentagc rnd carly lifc',
prcscnrirlg thc hcro ofthc Ilild; rvith rhc Judgclrc[t ofPrris aucl Rapc of
Helcn, which wls thc immccliatc cruse ofthc wu; ;rnd with thc opcning shots
oD thc Trojtn Plarn. Scvcral cpisodcs arc wcll iliustratcd by b1:rck figurc artrsts
frorn aborrt 575 ott. P(l s u,rtstlin,{ u,ith'.1firtis appcars 6rst in about 57o, irr
the Corinthien schelnc with the hero surprising her end puttilg hcr to flight
with her Nereid corrpanions. He grapples with her lirst in the mid ccntury,
lnd latcr sccncs displty hcr ability to chrngc xrto diffcrcnt forus rvith cithcr
figures of lious and snxkes or thc flanres which spring frorn hcr
body [19 5, 29-r]. Thc ccrltrur Chiron, who hrd :rdviscd Pclcus, and a prrty of
flccing Nereids nrry also be shown as well as the seashor-e pallll tree scttir)ri.
Thctis' rcluctancc is ovcrconlc, by frrrcc, and thc nuptials arc cclcbratcd. Thc
Wcddin,q ol 'l'hctis an d.l1,/r,r.rs rvas thc occasion for thc challenec u,hich lcd to
thcJrrclgcnrcnt ofParis ancl thc Trojar War, but bleck frqrLrc artists shorv rrs
or)lv thc rnegnificcirr proccssion ofdcitics in chariots and on foot, who atrcrcl
thc couplc on thc nrornins followilg Thetis' flrst nig)rt in Pclcus' honrc.
Sophilos lz4 5l (twicc) and Klcitias 116.5] (orr thc Frxrr(-ois Vesc) rrakc this
thc prinlc sccnc oflargc and costly vascs which may hevc cclcbratcd rnortll
narriagcs. Peleus greets che gtrests before his hornc where Thetis w.rrts
nroclcstly. From thc nticl ccntr,iry on x tttarricd couplc, thcnrsclvcs in ii chari(,t
lnd with ln cscort of di,",initics, trrry rlirin be Pclcus urd Thctis, Ii:st
approaching thcil rcrv honrc. Thcir thild Acli]lcs \4,:rs txkcn !o thc ccntllrr
Cliriror lor his carl,v cd ucetion. Thc Hcidclbcrg Pein tcr shows th c sccr c t\\'ir ,,
about J60 r'vith PclcLrs holdirg his infant sorr l4ol, and tJrcrc :rrc scvcrll letcr
vc1-sioDS- Cl)iron $is llr ir)poltirnt flgurc in tlrc story arld I(1eiti]s pllccs h irrr
at the hcacl ofthc proccssion ofgLrcst divirlitics on thc Franqois V.sc.
^fhc
-ludguutt rlf l),r,1-r ippcrr-s ou Athclliarl vascs by about j7J. Thc b.rsi.
scc11c shows thc thlcc goddcsscs lcd by Hcru-lcs to Alcxrrldlos (t)aris). At frrsr
228
drc tlucc- goddcsscs rrc not dillcrcntiittccl, btrt uticr thc nrid ccDtllrv Ather.r r.
iuclicttcd br hcr anrrour, ard Hcre rvho nslrell,v lceds thc trio nr:rv curr'\' .r
scc'ptrc. Apl)roditc l)il)'holcl l sccptrc. Peris is bcerdccl, sorlctirr)cs \\itl) .r
plinccll sccprr-c ol lucc. Hc makcs ofi-irlirrnrcd lt
thc clivinc ippar iti()rr l.rJl
xrld sonlctinlcs hirs to be :-cstminecl by. licrrncs, but liorn thc bcrri:rrirrrt o itlrc
scrics it is :rlso possibic- k) sholr. hinr qLrictlv grccting his visirors. Thc fir ll sccnc
nlrY bc c\ccr-ptcd, ol11ifting Peris, or ollc or two of thc godclcsscs.
At Irov thc first cpisoclc surlg .ulcl showrl is thc,4rirlrisl ol TroilLts.
r-cpr-cscntcclin scve:ril stagcs. Achillcs croLrchcs bchind thc lountrirr r,vhcrc
Poll,xcnr liils hcr h1,dri:t u,hilc l loikrs, hcl brothcr, wJits u.ith t\\'o holscs,
olr foot or nloLrntcd LiJ]. ()r' Achillcs lceps out prrrsuine thc nrountcd
Troilos, still \'\ itl) two lrorscs, l,hilc Pol,vrcrl rlllrs e\\'il\;, hcr hlclri:r:rban-
doncd:rrd sonlctillrcs brokcn [16.51. l]oth vcrsions rppcrr bcitrc eborrt j6o
ir Athcrril:r bllck fisr.rlc. Thc ibunteilr, ol liolvxcrr:1, ol both, nrel bc onrittcd
(on | .u 6-z I dotrblcd), end tou,rrds tlrc cnd ofthc cclrrur-\/ srirqc onu rs
Achillcs is
oitcr showr) rv:rs killcd ir r s:lllarrr:llv of
onriltilq Poly\c-l:l. Troilos
Apollo Iu o i ] lnd witlr thc' hc1p ofrcd figrrrc sccrcs :rrd sonrc bhck flqlrrc wc
scc thrt rhL'stoly thc rltists knc\\, htcl Achillcs drrg hirrr lroor his lrorsc bv his
hlir rud bchc.rd hirn.rt thc rltlr- Alrcrdy orr Tyrrhcni:ur r,:rscs hc flghts
Hcckrr ovcr rhc dccepitetcd body ofthc youDra prince. (Scc rlso bclorv ou thc
l)c:rth of IJrianr :Lr)d Astyell:l\.)
Thc Irtarr is poorl1 : t'prcsentcd i:r Athcriru black flqule, the sccncs b.rnq
:rll t'rorn rhc last p:rrt ofthc pocm, r ftcr- Achillcs' rctrrrn to tlrc bettlc ficlcl, :rnd
rhcy arc bcttel r-cprL'sL'r1tcd in contr'nrponrv rt'd figurc. Thcsc incltrdc thc
(lrccks' Missiou to Achillcs, i (lxptulc of I)olor1, aucl v.Lrious dlrcl\ or
walriors sctting oLlt, onlv idcrrtilicd b1, irscliptions. Aclilhs dra,q.qitt,q lt
Il(.n)r bchillcl his chlriot is ilnothcr poprlar lltc sccnc l:o3l in u,hicb L is rrlv
:rlso xppcrl iLnd x t;)y ghosr ofP:rrroklos (sonrctinrcs rvilqcd) bcsidc hrs ronrb.
Tr,r,o wiuqccl dcrnons, S/r'r'1.r ttnLl L)L'dth, clrrrving ll bocly, arc sccl on solllc
6fth-ccrtlrrl vescs encl rr):l)' bc bcernlll Selpcclol or Mcrlrrorr tr_onr thc
field l:5 i ]. In about j7o thcrc:llc two vcrsio:rs oftlrc chnriot rrcc in thc C,i,,r.-i
o/ l)dtlot/()r' (by Sophiios [26] end on thc Frengois Vesc [1d.3]).Tlrcre rrc a
nLrllbcr of sccrlcs ol AchillL,s ttccittifi.q his nn otu, b:ut thc carlicst l zol (about
J70 or1) nllv tcfcr to his lrrli:rq :rt honrc bcfo: c slilirlq to Tro\., ltttcrldcd b).
figurcs ill rvhonr lve nlight rccogr)isr' Pcicus, Thctis, Petr-oklos lnd ettcn,:llnt
Myrnridons (rs br. thc O:rnrt:rr Plintcr | 51] :rncl thc Pejntcr ofLonclon 1376).
After:rbout jjo, with Thetis hendinq over tlrL'rrnr()rlr, the sccuc nrust bc
'l roy encl thc irr-nlour thrt r,,,,hich rcpl:rcccl thc suit i()st rvith l)etroklos lE6].
Thc nrein piccc oflrruour is usually l fincll.crubJezoncd lloeotiln shicll.
Noticc too Achillcs hanrcssing his horscs, bl Ncarchos, encl thc l)eirtcr ,rt'
Lotdon 1376's frontll chr:iot iclcutiEccl by inscription.rs r dcpultur ir (,1'
Hcctor[57].Trvoothcrtro]1tllchariotsofdrisd;rtc:urclclrlicrarcfbrAchillcs
rnd l)iorrrcdcs- Also apPcrrinq iirsr c:rrlicl th:r:r the rrrid ccllrLrry lrc rlrc
))9
sccncs of thc .l?rrrlJo,/r rr'lJc.l()r'-{ bod} with Priam approaching Achillcs'couch
bcncrth u hlch thc b,-rdy lics; lucl in the j,tos the fi!!ht over Prt: ok1os' body.
On Izl r I thc lansoul is rcprcscntcd by thc bou4s crrriccl by thc boy bchiud
Prilrl. So thcrc sccrlrs eD curlv intclest in scencs involving Hcctor's rlceth.
Thc rrcrv iurcrest irr rhc llird letcr in rhc sixth century nray bc thc rcsult of
Hippurchos' promotiorr ofHo:ncric rccitals at thc Crcat Panerhcn:ri:r, bur tlre
tirllcst h:rr vesr of rhis is rceped by rcd fisurc lrtists.
'l hc At r uroprs follorvccl the lliucl. Intcrcst in it or rt lerst in Achilles. sccrns
Exckirn.Tlrcrrrtstcrt\\,iccsho$s,4.rrllcskillitt.qPcnthtsilul[9E],thcArurrzon
quccn (rn cpisodc not ccrtainiv attriburcd ro this cpic), end e Lcesros (lrolrp
v:rsc hls hinr .rlr)'inq hcl lronr thc licld l,u o1l. Hc shorvs Mcrunorr nidr his
ncsro tbllo\\,cr\ | 9g I orcc killing Antiiochos, eld Mcrnlon eppcers too letcr
irr thc ccrtLrrv. Lr Achillcs' fieht widr Mcliriorr thc hcrocs erc rcqnlarly
sccondcd by thcir nlothcrs, Thctis end Eos [,2r 7]. Thcsc appcirr frorn a;roLrp E
oD, possibl! cerlicr, rDd thcrc,, rlc a uunrber ofothcr fights rvith rvonrcrr
wiitchnrg \\,hiah rlret, bc essocietcd with thc cvc t. Hc'rrncs is scc'n wcighilrg
in thc balancc rhc li,,,cs of Achillcs arld Mcmrlorl [:61] (p-ryr/rostnsirr), rl acr
pcrhips nlorc f:rrrilirr to Lrs liorD thc llied rvhcrc Zcus rvcishs thc livcs of
Achillcs eld Hcctor. Thc nenrc vilsc of thc P:rirrtcr of thc Vrti..1r)
Mourncr'It34] r)ii) show Eos lvith hcr dced sor, but hcr rcrnovel of thc
boclv l:71I is l sut-rjcct o11l,v lor thc liltcst bllck figrrrc ofthc cirrl), fifth ccr)tLrry
(but ci lzo7l, rvcerirs lris lrclnrct?).
'Wc co:nc norv to the evcnts sung in thc LI'l t l.ri ll-lAD. The derth of Achillcs
is rlot lho\\,r1 or1 Athc'niiln bl.ck filiurc virscs Lrut /fdx.drtlrlq,4.ril/{,J' body
ovcr his shotrlder hed lo:rg bccn popultr in Greek art, irs is seen lrorn thc
Frangois Vrsc 116..2] on, cspccially in thc rvork ,of Exckixs, thc ADtlnlcrlcs
Paintcr rnd on Lcrlrran vrses. ,4f.r.!' qrnrrLl wih Od),-r-v rts ovcr Achillcs'
rttnrour ls sccn bcforc rrbout joo, but othcr hcrocs qultrclling rlld rcstrili)lcd
by thcir tiicnds I l4 i ], ofthc sccond helf of thc sixrh ccnrlrrv, nrisht bc thcy,
:urcl thcv lrc par tcd by Athclr on htc lckvthoi. Iixckias' srudy of mrcl Ajlx
pr('p:lrirrg suicidc lldr I is uniquc end thcrc is orlv onc nrid ccntrrlv l'lloodla
-fhc Littlc Ilild rlso tlcelt rvith rhc Srck ofTroy (lliotrpcrsis), rvlriclr
11orrr,.
\\,;rs !lcrtcd by othcr pocts, ll,ith virirtions possibly to bc idcutiflcd in rlrc
dilliring trcirhncnt of prrticlrler cpisodcs bv rrtists (xs ior thc rccovcry o1:
Hclcu lnd dclth ofl)ri;rrl). Thc Sien:r cup p:rintcrs oficr-thc cerlicst l)t,otlr rr/
Irrlarl, l\lpc ofKlsslrnclrl and rccovcl_v ofHclcn. l)rienr is souck dorrn lt or'
oftcn lr1 ;r1rrr, b1, Neoptolcnos, who sonlctinrcs sw;rgs;lt hirn thc clcrtl
or1
bodyorever thehcacl aloncofltis grand-chi1d Astyarux [67]. Whcrca l'n.rru
is not bcrng.rtt]ckcd it is possiblc tl1:rt slrch sccllcs lcprcscrrt riltl)cr Aahillas'
trcxtnrent ofTroilos l.zor ] at thc altlr. Ajrx (thc Lcsscr') scizcs Ka-rsardra tior rr
hcr supplilnt position belirrc'or cllspirrg dre stltue ofAthcnl, rvhich llicr thc
nlicl ccnrury is shou,n in chc striding l)er:rdrcrreic posc l9-ll. Tl-rc prophct... i'
often showrl lrlrlost or wholly r1akcd. ,4r'ntds ct1ffi(s Ancltis(s oD his br.k 12,9-ll.
230
Ilc'einla fiorlr Troy u,ith his son Askurrio: iln(l sorllctiulcs rvith his rviti rrrrtl
fricncls. Thc groLrp bclongs to thc llst qLlnrtcr ofthc ccntury;lncl rrr:rrv rr.r\
hevc bccn cspcci;rlll irtcndcd for lhc rreclc to Itrl\', whcre the nryth hrrd:r
spccirl rclcvrlrcr trrcl l high proporti()ll ofthc vascs sho$.ing ic havc i>ccrr
lotrrrcl. Mcrrr,/aor rttot)trs HLlLtt thrc:rtening her lvith his drlwrr srvord 1671,
holding hcr cloak lrtd ftcirg hcr, ol lerdirrg hcr:ru,e-v [9o], rlrclv puLsrtn{
hcr. Rr/y,r'crra js carricd to sacriEcc et thc romb of Ar:hillcs on l Tyrrhcnl.rrl
ii on r Lclgre[
vasc [57], lc'cl to
Thcr e is ouc othcr Tro.jiur sccrrc Nhich is populer on bleck ligllr-c virscs t)Llt
tbr vhich rro litcr:rry inrtholitv sLrrvivcs. Acltillts aul Aiax ythv e borrd q:rnre
scrtcd, lully arnlcd or with s()nrc of thcir rrlnour prlt ilsidc IIoo, -??7].
Sonrctimcs thcv rre alolre, cllling thc scorc, blrt oltcn AthcDa xppcurs bc
!\vccn thcr11, rppelcntl) sun)rlronil)!! thclu to thcir duty. Thc occusiolr Dllly be
at ALllis \\,hcrc thc hcrocs \\,rited fol a u,incl to clrry thcrn to Tlo)' lnd
Pellrrrcdcs iuvcnrccl gallrcs to \\,hilc rwey thc tinlc, or rnorc prob:rbiy oD thc
Trr>jlt Plair irsclf (:r p:rJrn trcc is sonrctirnes showu). Exckirs intr-ocllrccs thc
scenc in bllck figurc rnd it rcnrrirls vcr) popular ir)to thc c:rrl,v fitih ccrrrrrrv,
shorvn also in e sculptural grollp olr tlrc Aclopolis-
Thc ()l)yssriy sccnls to ofli'r cvcrr lcss scopc therr rhc Ilild, but thc
Po/ypllcaros (Cyclops) story hrd appcaled to Athcniln vnsc ptiuccrs in thc nrid
sevc'nth ccntrrry. Thc pairtcr ofthc 13osrol Poll phcmos (littlc bcforc sso) has
en odd sccnc shorving thc gillrt bcill!i rnldc drunk, end on thc sanre cup (rrrcl
rnothcr) hc shows C,'rc rvitl-r Od,vsscus. Hc hes hcr rekcd, mixiug a cup lor
thc conlprnlons rtho arc lll lrLrrnen, bLrt for aninral he:rds, r,r'hile Ocllssc'us
epprolchcs rvirh e chawn sword. In thc sccrrcs oftlrc cnclofthc ccnturv shc is
drcsscd end cirhcr shc or Odyssctrs rurv bc shorvn scarcd l:3 r l. B-v this tirur
rhc Blinding of l)ol1'phcnros is shorvn il1 thc Lrsu:rl wxv, *,ith thc gient scetccl
ol) thc groLlnd but rlot rrronoculilr_l:4o'1. Thlorrghout thc sccond h:rlf of thc
ccntrry wc hlvc groups shor.r,inq r (ilc'ck csclping 6olt thc O;rvc of l)oly-
phcmos, clingirg or ticd k) r ram [.255], lnd thc lltcr cxenrplcs hevc scvcrel
rrilrs lnd Polyphcnros seatcd bct'orc thcrn. Lltc too arc scolcs oi ()dvssc'lrs
rvith thc S/r'r,ris, thc hcro ticd to his rlirst, tltc Sircns pcr chcd on rocks plrl irrtl
pipcs rnd lyrcs. Ou thc onc I figurc Oclysscus bcgs to bc ticcd l:E6].
Other f igures of myth
.4ria.-orr-r rrc iclcutified br. rhc coloul of thcir ilcrh- Thcy do not hevc
prorrilcrrt L-rrc:r,rts l:rcl lrc cquippcd likc enl nrelc rr,:rrrior or alchcr'. ()n letc
v:rscs ll)cy rlrirv oltcD bc lighr-:rrrned u,ith a pcltr shicld, errd on]r thcir bertlc-
excs r'r,hich llc nrrcly,shorvn in bhck 6gllrc, erc stlictlv rou-Gleck n,capons
(orrc hclcl bv au alcher on lzoq ri.qht)). Aprrt frolr the common fiqhts u,ith
Hcnrklcs drcrc lrc vcry nlrnv sccncs of thcru lighting anonynrorrs Grcck
rvrrlirrls, ftorrr about l7o on I t:6, t7q, zgzl. Al1 t1,pcs ofconrbet erc edrrut-
23 r
tccl or tirot, r,uith iror-scs or chrriols, end thcl luvc thcir-contplt'rucnt of
subsidiary lrrilitary sccncs arnring [26-i], harncssing, clrying offthc dcad
frorn tl.re field of battle.
Wingcd 6gLrres urc not rlw:r)s casily idcrrrificd. Of thc nrelcs rhcr.c lrc l
lcw ofthc frrst quattcr o fthc ccnttrrv r.vho cer 11. ilrplc'mcrts or e beg .rrrcl arc
tholrqht to bc ,4r'i-rtrrir,-r Ii 71, :r rrruror bcncfictor oinrlnkincl, lrrd thcr.c is .rn
/Iaror on lu Acr-opolis fnrgr:rent ofaborrt -i70, but $.c h:rvc onlv ltis lcgs and
wilrgccl bo()ts. Winqcd rllnncrs iu prirs erc thc roas o/_Bo(,ar. Wc havc rltcit.
cluerrY elonc, thc Harpics (u,i:rgcd wonrcr), oD :lI ilrcotDplctc vesc by thc
Ncssos l)lirrtcr, rnd no firll vclsiorl ofthc cltisc. A ti:ry rvirgcd rv:rrrior- rrr:rv
rcprcsclt thc ' soul ', es o fAchilles, fi ccd lor hisJourDcv to thc Islcs ofthc lJlcst
by tltc sacrificc of Polvrcru. Somc virrgcd rnalles with sclpcntirrc lowcr-p:rrts,
irlld solllctirlrcs nlorc lhilI oDe torso, nr:rl bc rhc rlt()ltslrolis Tl,p/rorr, bLrf his
light uirh Zcrrs is not shorl,r.
Of thc rvingcd rvomcn, 1rr'r ancl Nik, (Victory) rrc nor rcedilv clsrrr-
rluishcd ulllcss thc fblnrc-r hes hcr hcruld's ceclLrccLrs, oL whcrc thc litttcr. on
vcry lelc black 6gurc, is sccrr rvith a buli l-2761, b,v an tltlr or wirh e w).cad1 in
thr':ed liqulc nt;rnucr-. Iri-r is oDcc urrncd. Of othcr liqurcs nrcntioncd
.ilrcacl1, tlrc firllorvirg nrly ()n occilsiorl uppc:lr win!!ccl: Hcr.rrrcs, Adrcna,
Artcrlis (oftcn crrl1,), Thctis (pcrhaps orlcc rt tllc lighr with Mcnruon), Slccp
(ivith Alkvoncus), Elos (noluralll), Eos.
(,i,llarr-r uc hrvc nrct elrt'acl\' iuvolvcd rvirh Ilcrlkics (Pholos, Ncssos),
end r'r,ith PclcLrs ((lhiron). Ar thc rvccldiur ofthc Lepith I{ing Pcirirhoos rhcy
nss:rullccl thc Nomcn Ird this lcd to il qcnclill coDlbrt, rvidr thc L:Lpitlt
r'vllr_iors helpc'd bv Thcsctrs- Thc Athcnietr hcro is nlnrccl only on thc
Frlnqois Vesc, rvhich is thc clrliest black flsr.r'c rcplcscntrtion. Onc spcci:Ll
cpjsode occLrrs hcrc errd occasionrlly in larcr ccntau ronl ach ies : Kainca-i, arr
ilvirrciblc Llpith, hes to bc lircrllly bcatcn into thc groulcl bv his advcrsrric',
and rpperrs ptlrtl), bLrricd- Wc occrsionally scc ccntilLtrs attacked by othcr
volrths or olrt huntirrq 194 tt7l. lD Athcnien bieck ligurc thcy h:rvc ell-
cquinc legs, r-xccpt sonretil)cs for (,'rir"orr rvlr o displlys his superior status rvith
a rvhollv hrLrren fbrcplrt, and evcn cJothcs. A ccntlur's hair is LrsLrrll_v wild, his
nosc snub, his clrs sornctinrcs ;ininrll; his wceporls i:trc branches and stoncs.
Salyn urc likc abbrcviutccl cc:rtaurs, without the,hor-sc bodv, but with e
horsc's tail and clrs lrd uslliLlly snub noscs end rvild hair, r,vhilc sonrc hevc
hrirv boclics too. On thc Fr;rngois Vrse 146.71 and rerclv latcr lr67] thcy havc
rvhollv aninrrllcss, rnd oncc in Athcuilu black hgLrrc thcy rppc:lr in thc Easr
(lrcck nrrnncr rvith hrrrnrn lcgs brrt ccluinc feer. Undcr thc n)orc sobel c\.c of
thcir rnlstcr I)iony sos ancl oftcrr widtout him, rhcy nrekc utsic, claDcc, work
iit thc virltaqc Itgl, irllrnlc or rap.' xDiilrals f2681. With nxcuilds thc\ rrc
qcucrelll rrrolc cirr:r-rnrspcct, at lltost clrlyitrg thcrtr oli, but the_v rcgulxrly
disphy proud crcctions, u,ith or rvirhout :Lr)y laoxl in vieu,, lrncl rrc cluirc oficn
cxcrcisinq thcnr thcrusclvcs l5o.:]. Thc rlrrcllrds - rvild ."vorucn r,vho dancc
23)
lor Dionysos also rneke rrlusic, s()rlctinr.\ tirlr rluppcrs, ilnd xrc usueliy
fullv clrcsscd, sonlctirnes with al1 rninlll skin ovcr-rll, rs on 16 5, t5l.
Srtlrs secr:r to huvc becn inventcd by, Athc:rien er-tists by rbout jllo tr:.
Thcy trc ncvcr rcrlly involvccl ir nlyth cvcrl thc ettrck or Hera (scc ebovc)
ctDbetukcnus'evetldrl,life'for s:ltyrs but thcv uttcnd l)jonvsos on cvcnls
such ls thc Rctutu oi lJcphlistos cl1- or1 lrrc v:lses, cvcn irr qiganbrrr:tchv,
rvhich :ra,v cxplain sornc urnlcd setyl s. Thcir contribution to dr:rm:r is e li tth-
ccrrtrlr \r phcnoll)cnon but thc'rc nlxv bc :r bl.rck ligurc sltyr lctor, clrcsscd iD e
hi:netion, rvith reil rttachc'd, rud rvtrchecl by f)ionysos rogcrhcr wirh r 'rcel'
slrtl,r'lucl rrrrcnrds, o11 .l vilsc of lboert soo l:dgl. Thc occasiollrl vcr\'letc
xrrrl ccl slrtvr drn cin !l or tb c !!arr g cniclly tortru-in !l r worr alr l-u 77] may :rlso bc
st:rgc s:rtyIs.
S/lclos isr rcll figtLrc oI rrryth :lnd rcprcscr]tccl as lr scoior lncl indivicluel
sityr, rot palt ofI)ionysos' troop- Hc u,rs iutoxicatccl trv r fouDt:riD flo\ in{
with rvinc, crrrght, bouncl rnd lccl to king Midas. Wc scc him rvith his cscort
oD r fcw varscs from thc mid ccrltury on! ilDd or1 two hc is srrrpriscd et rhc
fbunt:rin itsclf[,lro]. Thc namc could:r1so, howcvcr, bc uscd gcrrcricrllv for
sityrs, rs on tirc FraDgois V:rsc [46.7], and somc schohrs distirLalrish bcnvccn
the purt-auinral silenoi:rnd konrest setyls.
.1)rrl is rrot sccn bclorc ebout ;oo end thcu in r fcrrnr fhr fronr lris hlrilitr
Classical appcarence. He is all-goat, st:rnding on his hitd lcgs, bcsidc it rnrcrrad
or1 onc vrsc [:Er ] and piping firr :r ti'est on xrrothcr. It wiil tekc his intcr-vcn-
tion at Merarhon to cstablish hinr in Athcnieu ert.
Onc stor\,, ncithcr cluitc thct nor fiction, is shorvn occlrsionllly. in thc
sccond qrrrrrcr and thc middle of thc ccntlrry. It is thc fieht of PygtttiLs tttl
Cr,ncs | 46.8,5 o. r l. On thc lirot of thc Frrucois Vrsc tbc I)yErrics riclc golits
rnd ply sliugs es well as thc uscftrl curved sricks which arc thcir usllirl wcxpon\
in thcsc sccncs. (lrlncs qo fo: thcir cycs. Thc Iliacl mcntions thc light, bLrr;r
ncw pocnl ol pictLrrc rrlxY have rer\-akeDed tlris intcrcst, rvlrich llpscs a,;.lln
f<rr halfe ccntury.
Thc [-irrdlrrlorld hc]d littlc irrtcrcst but thcrc rrc a fclv sccucs of Sisvphos
trr.urdling his rock uphill in thc scconcl hllfofthc ccnturl . I Ic is on his or.vn or
*,atchcd b),PcrscphoDc, eDd orr onc vesc thcrc irc eiso souls porrri q wrtcr
into :r Lc:rk1, l)ithos likc thc J)eneids lr98l.
r3-l
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d P NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
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z :n' d^o o (iENEIIAL t]OOKS I, lNTROI)UC]TION

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.-] c J. D Bctrzlev, 't lk, Dtrth,t t. t if Ati. Blo.k lri.qn. Hirtory lt. M. Cook irr C akPni ttlPotuych. t\.
(r9rr) brill;rnt lcctlrer. quitc wcll ilhBtr.tcdi lr;. Tcchn$,c J.V.Noblc.7/a. I!.l li,lt.s il Pdi .d
o o o ooo
OQ l3lnk t:i.l l l,1!t Pdi tt^ (r9i6) lists ofpinri$s rrcl Atn P.n.r) \ry6t)tv.E. Cortr.rr, /I/S l\x\!. r6lI
U ro.{+ groups, sufplcnrc',itcd n1 Pardlip . . {.tt7 t). prchuinrr,v skctchcs.
0 J. U. Hotfnr, ,4 H,,,//,.d1 or()".1 8/d.I r.i(,,.,/ I.'dn,r SigDrtlrr.s rDd stxtLL ).D.l,cazlc.\.P.ltur Il\i n1
<: o- rod<!J (,!ra) picnrres ofsigD.d and sonrcatriburc.l vx\cs. ilt A ciot AtMs lt. M. Clook,JH.! xci. rlTf-.r
lte.++)t
o l-> c{ u1uz -<z L B. L. \)vcbstcr. Por..r d d iAlth\t itl Cld!!iL\11 AtltuN C. M. Rob.rtnnr.-/Hlj xcii. r8(rlf.
J (rrz:) ruscful discussn on pon$srrrctor sLrLrjccts. l')ric.s I). A. Anryx, H.!, \).!ii. rilTB-.
o 5E
L H,l" .. .{//r. Bl,"r l'i:.'. t l\t''tt'- \.1 ,y
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lxpott frttcm lJ. L. Dxilc,v,,/HS lx. 6oli-.
Solor
Z - lirll {rNci, for lts clay. Vrrrrr
Plnttrrch, Sol,)lr 2a.
r ttu A n!i! Pni t(t I lti\
rspccts nr l)a1ur
o .g o Thc lollorvirrg h;rrrlbooks havc usclil sccrions on l,ti)r// (cd. M. 1,uc re37)r l. Schciblcr, a;r. Ti,/rir
d black iigure: It. M. Cook. ()kk h1i t.d 1\,tk1'l tl,rs/ (r)iil).
I (r97r)..nd ll. B. Shc'lton ir 1,. Arias M. Hirnr.r,
/-I;rn,I ,,/ Cr..! l'A. Pdn,tn( (r962)i C. M. liobcri-
Ncrv rctcrcuccs to vrscs in llcrzlcy's lists in T. H.
U (,,
- < Z < O:l a- !.) nrn. C,..4l,,rn,rn( (r969)i E. SinroD. Dn (;ri..,i\.r.,r
LlurpcDtc.r, Dftr/.),,.Id,/dnl,rr (rese).
I givc no rcfcrcnccs ftr ,,lAl,'or P,," ti)r n)(livnlrrl
I.'dJ., (re8'). artists or groups snr.c drcsc works rntr{ 1). rl).I,.,si(
-9 OD thc gcucral artstic bi.kgroun.l: (;. M. A kxrls lin studcnt ivotk D r libr.rry rri(l qiv. llrll
E - llichtcr,lr.rdi. (1r..[ /, (r9+9)iJ. Bofdr]nu, Pft- rcfcrcrccs for c..h vrs.i Dor. utrlly. Lo thc,rthcr
d' a'/rrJi.a/ .S/14. o t C)rilildtilu (r967)i M. Rob$lson, gcncral books rlrcrdy listc.l. Arri.lrs r,.l lr(,(,1\.,,.
Hinoty ilCftck A ltgj\). citcd which rvill IcrLl thc r.i(lcr n) rlin rsi(,r\ oi \1\ l.
htnlopedit dLll'.4ttt drra.i (r9jN r9rr., til] brica or usciil collcctn s oa pi(rutus. ltcli.rrr(rs t,,
3 (, iccouDrsolirrdi!rrhu1 plir)tcrr iurd Srorrps. prrticuhr poin!s ir lhc trrt rrri,giverr rr rly ii rhcy ,rrr
65 ! U o\y' t:dlt)flir Alttittrolr, (CLl)is i scrics dcsisncd rrot crsilv rccovrnblr tiorr .l/i1 {,, /ri,,r
e '.'p,,1.1,,1),1.u,fi.,,o,,..r.r1,1.",,r.rr,;,,,< .". r,
tPrrxrc grouPs of ftsciculcs lirL creh nruscuD,
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(irrl rcd (;. M. A. lii.hr.r. BSI xlvi, r1rti.. rnd ,i ,,,,il lr,l llr! I'l
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(lori,,tl)irDi Frrrrsrvorth rDd H. Wircly..l/l l\ii. r.)i1l: Hcllenrtic.
i|(l li,r al,)iIll]ri.!);rn,g Aftj. H.rl, i\, Whitc ground to rcd figrrc Ar(l{)kid(s llrnrtt
Ne'u 1Chinr.rcfu) l,r irrtef I) ()l)l\..1.\11\..i. jfflr r16rl.i i\. L+a.
(.{n t +. |). l'}rscis, A (;r.if.rhrg.D. lxJd),j lntrl./ VIII. OI)I)S ANI) I]NI)S
l:. ll,(nnDrcr. lthtl,tth ld Bllnn.\ll,j.,,r;\. rril lllr Arvl^sr\ I,\r\rur (r!76) +r1ll
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prirtc*. goo.l piLnrrcs. (lrou| [ ^ .l l) l].r,1.\.,5.s,1 x\\ii. rri (r9r7) i7fi. sklthos groups. all'.1 Louyr. \r
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K, r, ., , .. l. \ ,,j, L, .. i. /..i 4j.... l,:\rLi,a (rrrr, ti,lly rllu\rr.rrL\l: ll N.nr\.h. .\/,r. l(rokonx Group A. ll. U,c. /H.s lx\v, ()o1ll lt.t.. l'.t 1.)j. - r,.,.. r- , ,.,,'.',,.r 4,,.
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J
l'""'"rr'''l'' r'"j l- I). Crsk.v. ( ;i!,.r'), ,r'( )".r' l:dj.J (rer-:)i
(ll .'l Lon\r( \iiii 1.or).1(ri ii. ,)l th.ir orh(r \ign.rmrcj. " 11. lhrp.l!. l8l-.1,s.6.7i 1' N. Ur., Sir,r,rirl /i/i],-
sr,r/ Nn,r,l,r rlrlx,,i rr '.rn,i
Aliccrcr H Momnr\.,,. 1)r1 .1ti.ti.r lt97\)- (nt ty trtt.ty lt. Rhit!or,r (i9r7) iefili airtrl, xjii. al. M. A. R(.ht(,. r dr,/ I
H. llr!d.r .\n ,, (l,rr /r.rn,/,I I (rrNr ) (r9rj): M G Kr.o\ ski. al,!rd,r!r,r (lh\i.di()....
loDi.,,) n,H..,r.c 1). A. Jr.lur, lirn (;tr.1 /|d,k"n (r9s4): M Moor. io,1q.r,:r. +ft-.i1). A. AnrIx. /J.if
()rll]'r r() r f^r\]rls .,.lrn l ,rJ.j (rr7.r. Thcs.u\ l)iilter M. M. Li$nr1r.,'U.l lxxv, roo.
(l.rnrr.rr 1'j.,;,,t.r I) \o,, Llorhjjr.r..tA ii. ir1. Athcrr Prnrtcr S. Kdon,o ir) Kdn.j (Srlonikr. \\vi]. r rJ4H. r,riri$:.4//!1rr!,,1.(,,,d \ii ( r e7o) phnr
l)nr)r l'j,rirllcr Il. lt. W Srrrirh. tlt Ihrttr Hyrttia r97:) \ 8tl_.
(rr7o)i FL IknTh.ru\.,, irrd Il. C. A. It(,ttl:i1,d(,.
(,er+) V. TIIT A(;1] OF III]) FI(;UIIL l'j$ti.rs (ll.rsr h. Ktrrydi. ,'l l\\vii. roiit.
'\I lr.rd..,x1r), xii, ril91l: strD(hr (lsrtior.
I rnnHr\r^\ (;. M A. l1i.hL(.r. .1 iL linl 1:i.\\|!l L/j.J (rejN)i.1. VII, I'ANAT] IENAI(]
ALrbrstron H. l. Arg.nrcicr. l)dr .'ll,r,,rvr,r,
Il. Ihrcrsclr. ^NrIrorr^r,
.luylutttt (rNer)r t). rorr
tynltLttittu llo.rrJrrrr. .llr1,i,u/ ft.,/ /ri(,,. l'J:,ii ,r. .l,,r,ir V,\SES (rrr6).
lnrt]rnrcr. .l/ I \lriri. r.rH.: ,lrl .l/\ \ji. ].)ri. K. P.rcrs. .Srir/r , :r r.rl\M ht:i1ii\1r lla1i\t tlnn Anlpho[c H. l]lo.sch. /F/-s lx\r. reii-.: R. I-ulli.j

46 237
,4K vii, 85ff As 'kados' - Cab. M6d. zaj rnd lru X, I)ATES Corintlrian preccdcnts H- Paync, Neercwifihia 196j, 8Joe; K.J. Dover, Creek Hohto:cxudli|)' \1978).
Antiqua (Lnztrn) t3t. i\. no. (,93 r) ch. ro. Slippering -J. Boardmai, AA ts76,2a6ff.
Aryballos,4Kxii,pl.S.r with two handles; Il. von
E. L glor/. Z t Zt,tb?ltinmut,g tet
'tretqt'tligutqa,
Vasetotalta und der 2kil,:?r,rgcx l'/urri& (roro) o r. ANIMALS AND MoNS'rrins SloRr
Bothm$, Mddid Mitt. xii, t25. (bhck figure), r7f. (carly red 6gureand rhc SiphuiaD Cri{'r, S. Vos. S, yllri,n ,1r.r, rr jf. andA,imr5p\ E. N. Garctiner, ,4rrlzri.s oJtht A eiut World (ts3o)l
llronze v,ses W. Lamb, Creek aad Ronat Btunzes Treasry), a3li: (kalos namer. Hippalektryon G Can)po-eale. ALh. Cla,., xix. H. A. H.trrit, (jftek Athktcs lrsTsJ.
(r929); E. Djehl, Die Hydri^ \rs64t BelL. Metr. Mus.
E,rly brrck 6gurc ,nd Corinrl, I'aync. Nrrrororin- 248tr
196r, r 38f. - psykrer- CoMMERcE AND INDUsTRY
Crrters - H. Hn*eL D€ r Cie'sener Kehhkrdkt \1s67)
,ji,(raJ r) jaaff. E. Br,rn, Ath?aian Ago'a viii.1. z'. Sphhxes
qff.
- H. W ter, Antile rurd Abendland ix, Pottins G. M. A. Richter, The Craft oJ Athotian
Srnyma -J. M. Cook. 8S,4 liii liv, 29. AA \969. \41€.
j 81T. - calyx craters; S. Karouzou, BCH lxxix, r q6f. Potety (1923)t
MrrrGorr - t HJspelr. 4BL or l. t3qt.: AAA iv. Lion figlrts J. Boardman. Athan Geek Gen' 12ttr.
Ships -J. S. M. Morrison and R. T. williars, Greep
Cups - H. Bloesch, Fornetattischu Schdk \19ao)tF.
coff ( P'Jraean.' runulu-: rlre rdenLi6crlion is Frontal ch:rriots - G. Halier, Viugtlpan e nt Vordo-
Oared Ships \1968); L. Cassoi, Ships and Seand ship
questiorll]ble). a,ri./rr (I9.18). (r97r) rndJHS lxxviii. r4ff. pirates?: K. SchaueD-
Villard, RE4 xlviii, r5em Athens - Athenian,4gora xii, jstF. summary of
Dhoi - R. Lulties,,4K xiv, Jon burg, ,4( Beihcft 7, 3a.
Epinetra D. M. Robnrsoq 4,4 xlix,48of.; G. XII, SCINIS
Brkahkn, Ojl, xlv, Bcibl. r99tr
Acropolis - w. D. Dinsnoor, ,4J,4 xxxviii, aoslT. OF IIEALITY REtlcIoN
Funerrl vases D. C. Kurtz andJ. Doardmal, Creel
Rcvisionism ADswered :J. Boardman, ,4,4 1988, A. B. Cook, Zcrr (rer4-4o) prssin, for cult md myth
sccncs; L. Deubner, ,4lrn.re Fcsk (r932); w. Durkert,
Burial Cunons (1971). +23tr. Sec bibliosraphics ir ,4rc. Geeh At n d leano{aphy
C/ccl Rel,j,ol, (re8i).
Hydria see amphorae (Blocsch); E. Dichl, Dir (ed. w. MooD re83).
Hytuid (re64. Dress pattems A. Kloss, Mrt. /er tuil. v.8ofi:
Masks - V. lVrcde, ,4M liii, 66fr
XI. GENERAL DECORATION Drcss pins P. Jacobsth.tl, C/cl]& P,'nr (rej6) ro6f.
Marriase J. Boaidman, BS,4 xlvii, 34f. and liiiJiv,
Kanfiaros P. Courbin BCH lxxvi, 3641r. rJ 8lT.
(othons L Scheibler, //I lxxix, ?2li: and ,4,4 1968, CoNvENTtoNs Fountain houses B. Dunkley, BS,4 xxxvi, r4zf.; R.
Burial W. ZschieEnann. AM 1iii, r7lT.;J. Board-
389ii'. H. Himmcimarln, Erza M:< tud Fktit in der archaiv GiIoLi! B alanau ti k( (t s62).
mrn. ,Sl l. jrtri D. C. Kurtz
M. M. Eisman, AJA lxxvli,7ltr. then Kunst (r967)t J. Boardman, R,4 1972, J7f. Slaves N. Hi:urelmann, Atrhaologsch?s zun
and J. Boardman,
Kyathoi - Crcek Bffial Atsb : \ts7l).
Lcbes srmikos J. Borrdman, BS,4 liii liv, r6otr. political symbolisnrJHs xcv, re; R,4 t97a,227tr; Problen der sricchischcn Sktueti (197 t).
Lckyrhos E. H:spels,,4BL- ,4J,4 lxxxii, lf., Ane. Crcek and rclated Pottery Sdlts F. Brommer, ,4K xi, Jofll XIII, SCENES OF MYTH
Lolrtedon D. Kallipolitis-Feytmrns, Ler lorrlrid (Ansterdam r98j) 239f4 Negroes F- M. SDowden. Bhcks ii Antiqsity ltg7o).
attitves (1965) . Cestures H. Kemer, ,vcirc, mtl Laeher in du Horscmcn and horscs, fronral K. Schauc,lburg. ,4,4 See bibliogrrphies h ,{,?c. Crcek An dnd teo osnphy
Loutrophoros E. WalterJ<arydi, ,4M ixxviii, goli gtiechischea K',,$t (1960); C. NeunanD, Crrt, l,,rd lxiii.423fi: (ed. w. Moon re83).
MJsro. H. Palnc. N.,ra, tnthia ttt: l(X PJ t.r - Ccbilrd \1ebi. Women sh:rhg a cloak M. Guarducci, ,4M liii, The nyrhological tudcxes to,4BIland Pdru are basic
ABV 26,2i- Rcd-faccd Athcna ,48trl rii, 38 and 4r; Herakles, j3ri; K. Schauenburg, R Mlxxi,68f.| AA te't6,zLStr. sourccs for sceircs o:r attriblrtcd vascs.
Ocno.hoe K. l'}eten,Jdl lxxxvi, ro:{L ABV 23\ to \Pdru rcq. FIGHTING
F. Brommer, VdseDlkte'1 zlh gtieehisehen Heltensage
Pclikc D. von Bothmcr,JHS lxxi, 4o1T. Red-black greaves Cr,4 Munich vii, J8, pls. 3i I 2.
A. M. Snodgmss, Atnls dntl Affiaw of the Creeks
(r97J) lists also unattributed vases rnd gives a brief
Phiale H. Luschcy, Die Phial, 1t93 . Mistakes and mixed rcenes K. Schauenburg, JdI (te67).
bibliography for each scene.
Phornriskos O. Touchefeu-Meynier, RA 1s72, Ixxxv. 28fl. Oths uscful sources are W. H. Roscher, .4rrr,irl-
l'eltists J. G. P. Best, Thrueia pebnlts (r96q. dct rtieehisehe utd ftjnk.len M),thologil
93tr. IGeehrg-runnirg E. Schn:,idt in Mirchntr archaalo- liches Lexico
i
Scythiarls - S. vos, Scythiall Arehe$ in Atchdic Attic
Plate - D. Kallipolitis-Feytmus. Les plats attiqaes I,rr/r s,rdic, (rgoe); L. Gtiilf,del, Dic Daddl S des Vas? Painhg Os6i. (1884-1937) now scriolrsly outdated; E"ci.lop€di,
j! rcs oires 11e75). LauJens h du sriechischat K,,,r/ (re34).
Slriclds G. Lippold itr Mii thtd otchtiologntht
dell'Ate anna (r9j8 1966); Lexnon der olten WeLt
PIaques, disc D. Krllipolitis-Feytmans, ACH lxxix, Pcrspcctivc G. M. A. R;.c\tet, P?\peetire i Crcek strdicr (reoe). (Artenis Verhg, re6j) - ror rcccnt rcfcrcnccs; E.
and Ronan At (ts7o). KU]1ze, Archaisdrc Sdtildbrrlc ( r gJo) ror Pcloponne-
467tr. warrior's cleparture w. wrede, /M xli, 22rft
PLqrrcs. Iirnera, y - J. Boardmru. 8S,4 l. s,6. sian scenes rnd general discussion; E. Haspcls, ,4Bl.i
Armed dancers J. C-Ponf t, BCH xcii,55of.
Plaqucs, vorive 11. Cmef and E. Langlotz, Di? Lutitot Ineoflographial'll Mytholoriae CL$shae (r98r )
d rihet Vaset wn det Aktupalis z't Ath?n Gsz5) nos.
P. Kretschmcr, Die gricchischen Vaseni'\ehtiften 'w'tNti, woMljN, aoYS AND soNG for full illustr.ted accomlts offigures rnd myths.
(r8ea);L. H.Jetrery. 'lrc Loedl Seript' oJ Archaic Creeee Komasts A. Greifenhagen, Eiac dttiyhc ln thc followirlgDotes Ireferco usefulmonognphs or
2+%tr- (re6r).
Psykter gzt)) , E. B|oschor , 'ehwntzj-
Satyfinzc w collcctions of pictures,
J- D. BeAzley, Crcek Vascs in Balto ii,61. Krlos names - D. M. Robinson :nd E. J. Fluck, ,4 rutire Vasenratt"ng lr
and iii, 92; K. Schaumburg, J/I lxxx, 76i A. .f/nhe! Dtana (reaj); A. Seeberg, Cotinthia kotna' refetence should also bc
Stutdy olhe Creeh Low NanrJ (r937). Lstsh,4Bland
Greifenhagen, Jb. Bttliner Muft?, iii, r23f.; S. Para. K. Schauenblrrg, Cymnsium lxxvi. 49f. gods
w!e' lreTr).
Drougor. Der dllir.r. Psyktet \r975). Munmers A. Pickard-Cambridge, The Drtmdtic
and heroes (addnrg Lero, C/,4 Ncw York iii, pl. 3z). Festtual! of Ath? s (1988); M. Bieber, Hktory aJ the
GTNERAL
Sramnos - B. Philippaki, The Artic Srdn as \1967). Cmmti R. Hrckl iD Milrhner drchaoLog\ehe Studkn K. Schefold, Myth dnd Leretd itr Larly Ctcck Art
Staidlet - Athenian Agord x;i. 1'79f. ... A. FrnwangLet lrsasJ;A.W.Johnston, TruderldrAs
Cftek and RonLan Theatre As61); F. Brcmmer, ,4.4 (re66) mainly earlier; Cdtter nnd Hcldutsd( dtrCr.
Stards - L. Talcott, Hejl v. J9fr r94?,6jftl dolphtu ridcrsiJ. BoardmaD, BICS v. 6f.
Impoltanr publicatiorls of large collections (Dot in
a Cfttk Vases GsTs). (re78).
Inscriprion in a scparatc rcBisrcr, Ctl,4 Louvre vi, pl. H. von Steuben, Fiitu Sage da$tclh qc ilt Koti tlt
CIl,4) represcnting all shapes rDd styles fe: Symposia l. M. DcDtzcr. RA 1971.21Str. cf. G. M.
\Nt N) wrrh vrlrr.rt'lc corrl,.rrrriv.
E- Langlotz, Cti?ehisehe Vasen il1 Wiirzbutg (t932).
69.4. A. Richtcr. The Fureitutc oJ the Crcaks, Etrurars a '\d Att
Ituiin lctrcrs Jctrcry, op. cit.,297; 'Srl],ian' - Metr. Romdtls (t966)t B. Felxr, Otientalische priechische
C. Alb;zatt;,, Vasi antitli dipinti del Vatnn o\t92519). Mus. Bull. 1969. +121. "td For the stories in literarure scc rny Chssicrl crrcyclo-
Celd[e (rs7
P. Mingazzini, Vasi della Collezione Cdstelk li (t93ol pacdiai H. J. Rosc, Hd'rll,ool ol ()\\'k Mytlll'lily
r) .
h Villa Giulia Museunl. Rone). Music- M. Wegner, Mxsihges&i&te in Bilden 11964. (r960); Apollodorus (Locb Libr!ry trlllrsl LnnrwithJ.
T. CarFcnter, Srmmary Cuide to CVA \rs84 6str. E. Homrnn-Wcdckhg. Archdivhe Vase\o anentik Da! Melikleber der Ciecl'e ($a9).
nldicrres Cr'/,{s wilh coD€entratioDs of particulrr (1938) 37li: H. R. W. Smith. The Hea$t Hydtia Love-makhg - G. Vorberg, Clolsatiun Erotic n
(reaa): t'. Ircobslhal, or ankrtc lriechbcher Vase (1965). Honosexunlity - J. D. Beazley, Some ,4rln THE GoDs
(Lsz7), D. C. K$rz. Athellio Whnc Lekythoi \rs7i), Valesikthe CWLts M setln.6fir K. Schxllcnburg, .4,4 E. Simon. Dis Cotrl da Crid \ (te6t)).

48
ZEus THrsrus Shrucnburg, J./l lxxxv, 461T.
A. B. Cook,,r.rr i iii (rer4 re4o). F. vlan, Ld Crctrc des Cld,ii (r95r); [. l)6ris md O. E. Kunze. Atthats.hc Schildbd del r27tr.i C. Dngas Nd Hector's Body tr. T- Vonlculc, ts,//. Mrr. /;nx, .4 ij.
ThNdcrbolts 1,. Jicobsthal, D.r Blir: (r906). Gl?on, Dtt KtnlpJ der Ciittet u d Titd e (ts6t). R. Flaceliare. Thlsie, Imdpe! ?t Rhits (tssg). Borro, lxiii, 34fa; K. P. St:ihlcr. Crd, xrl PIl,./,c ./.I
Bjrrh of Adlenir A. B. Cook, Ze ! i;i, 656tr; F. ,]nd Hclcn L. Ghali-Kahil. Les L.nllmots et le rctottr Pattuklas (
ry67) .
FIERAKT,Es
Lirommer. Jb.R6m. Crrn,. 7cnfllln,u,r,,,,,. \r,. d'Hllinc \1e5i 3o5tr. Sleep and Deatlr C-Pi.ard. Cannc 1?? tlu Atdt!.
F. Drommer, Hrrrll?r (r9j3) on thc Lrbours; HeratlA LDs.
66ff.
II ( rqsa) orhcr rydls. and Antiopc D. von Bothmer, ,4nazans i Creek r953, roltr
Birth of DionysovHephaistos - H. Fuhrnrmn. JdI F. Bromnler, Denk^nletlistd zu yieehiyhet HeLden A/t 11957) r241tr. Achillcs arning D. von Bothmer, r,/1. M,r. Ftue
lxv lxvi, rrr. rdj? i, Heraklcs (r97r) bibliogrrphy aDd lisrs of ,4rtr, BoJror xlvii, 8J6.
Europa de la Cosre Messeliirc, Au Musie de Delphe! R,n,or, .l Hecro, - J D. Ucrz[1. B,4B"r,/r x\ix.
(Ie36) Ii31I.; goddess o,r bull - w. Techrlu,J,/l lii, scencsl1o,on vascs. Lucc's earlyarricles Gecbclow) are in trec M.J. Milne. B,ll. Mett. M|| y,255tr.
r2li.
still useful but his lnts arc incomplete.
76tr. v. Lion S. B. Lucc,,4J,4 xx,46off; benr sword Psyclrostasia J. D. Berzley, Bojld, Vases ili, 44tr.
CaneLla i, p11. 6j.1i gutting - Mllnich j63; K. K. Schiuenburg, 2.8.,s (1960). Achilles v. Mennrotr -J. D. Belztcy, Bosta Vases;;,
Niobids R. M. Cook, Niobe n d hd Childrclt (re64l Schauenburs,J/Ilxxx, e7n a[d Gorgons R. Hampe, ,4M lx/lxi, :85fti; F].
H. Hoffmann,,,l,4 r960,77: K. Schauenburg, K,srr nr v. Hydra F. Bromnler, MWP| tt)+9, 3ff,:, P. Bcsig, Gorgo und Corro&ion (r9t7); T. G. Kara- Menelaus regatus HelcD L. GhaLi-Kahil, l-€r eflltrr-
Amandry, Bull. Fat. des Letne!, Snasbotur< x\x,293f., Aio$ha. Catreie Kephdle (re7o); V. PoulseD. Meddr- nents et le retoal d' H(Lt'i. (r95j); P- Clcmcnr, HeiI
Tityos - A. Creifenhascn, Jh. Berliflet Muscc ;. 5tr. K. Schauenburg, ,4,4 r97r, r62fi-. /ebel . . . Nt CarturcrJ xxv, rJtr xxvii,471T.
Pytho-L. Kahil, Mlld,g.' Mnhdbulki lts66) a8t tr. v. Birds E. Haspcis,,4Ba 27. Death ofPrian M. l. Y/icrckc, ,4J,4 lviii, 28jf.
BriLLriRoPHoN AND CHTMAERA
v. Btl]1 U. Hatlsmam, HellsniJrir.re Rdjefljethet T. J. Durbabin, Studies Rohi sot ii, 11641T.; F.
Ajax rrd K:rsudra -J.
Davrcux, Ld Ltrude de La
HBRMES
(r,,(v) uvrr. proph&asse Cassa re (rgaz); J. l). lleazlcy, Borrofl
P. Za*er, Wandel det Herncs*nah h der auischan Brommcr, M l,I/P/ r952li4, if.; K. Schauenburg,Jdl
v. Ceryon P. A- Clement. Hf? xxiv. rf.; C. M. ,/ds.r iii, 64li; K- Schauenburg. RM lxxi, 63fi
Vasnnakrei \r965). lxxi, 591T. and,4,4 r9J8,2rli; D. Ohly,,4M lxxvi, Arrr.r. ,rrnr. An.hi\. K. sch:ucnburg. t-larra-
As child N. Gialouris, AErs53l4,)i. t62tr. Robertson, Clasica/ Qrdrerli, xjx, 2o7n:; B. rlT. (early type); M. L. Schmitt, ,4J.4 lxx, l4rtr; S.
Neutsch, Ca"y,,ed (r9a9) 29fr Hlller, Belkrcpho (\97o).
Jnfl lxvii, r76ff.: Ixxvi. 4zlf.
Arsos H. Hoffmann,-/b. Ha rb"ryet Kunnsdr1nlt1l1-
Hcspcrides and Atlas - F. Bronher,JdJ lvii, rojlT. Achilles and Ajax playins - K. Schefold, J,/I lii, 68lL;
j./ xii, Iof. Helios G. J.copi, Boll. d'Atte xxx,3etr. J. D. Bcazley, Borrofl l/drer iii, 2tri E. Diehl, aclh,.r
w;rscd K. Schaucnburg, C),&,ari,,r lxx, , r4f.
v. Amazons D. von Borhmer. Anazon! itt Cft& Att K. Schancnburg,,4,4 r97r. r 62ff. M,r..x xii. l)ff: s. wooJford.JH\,'ii. r,,lT.
Whgcd boots N. Girlouris, BC-H lxxvii, 293tr
Oe57).
DroNYsos v. Nereus, Triton Menfi er(g+\).. K. Schruenburg, Cynnasint \xiv, z.totr. THE ODYssrY
Rcturn ofHephrstos F. Brommcl,JlUlii, r98ft G. Ahlberg, H. drl-I.,llnschot.
rre S.a-noxrd (r9s4): R. clynn. O. ToucheGu-Meynier, Tltincs odysluB tian\ I'dt
AJA 8s, 121ff. CALYDoNTAN BoAR r{uNr dntiqrc 0e68).
HEpHArsros dc la Costc MesseLare, Au Musie de Dclphe' (r%6) Darsttll rut
Scc Dionysos.
v. Cc,,.Jurs, Ph.,lo. P.V.C. Urur, C,,r,drrr n, Polyphemos 11. Fellnann, Dir aarifrcu
Ancient Ai (rstz\ K. Schaucnburs. ,4M Ixxxvi,4Jn r2off; D. vor Bothnc., B ll. Mus. Fin Att\, Bostott de s Po ly! h e n ab c tt dM \ t e7 2).
P. Bruncau, tsCH ixxxvii. jo9f.; J. Wiesrcr, ,4,4 xlvi, 42tr; It. Blattcr, .4L v, 4jlii K- Scluucnburg, Sirens B. Candidr, Srrdi Clasl. ? Or. xix/xx, 2r2tr
c. Ceras F. Brommcr, ,4A 1952.6atr.
r969, trrff v. Alkyoncus B. Andreae,Jdl lxxvii, r3of. AA 1962,765tr. C. D^ltrop. Die Ka\,doniyhe Jdgd
v. Iturkopcs P. Zancani-Montuoro, Henio alla (re66).
U. Hcinl,crg, Ddr Bild r/u Poscidon h de( *tieellnehen Fo.s del Sele ii, rSJf. THEBAN SPHINx Amazons D. von Bothmcl, Anldzo t iu Crcek Ai
Vasennglerei (1968) . v. Kykros F. Vian, RE 4 xlvii, Jff.; hoverins bolt R. Lullies. Fertirlrf s.i,weitzu (resi, 4atr.
(,si7).
Atft late Pdinting! in NcL2 E fland 48f., Canella i pl. U. Hausr]1ann,Jb. S/dar. K,ttstsdnnl- Batl?n Wiinen-
Arisuios B. F. Cook. Btll. Met. M s. xxi,3tf.
See Zeus.
87.r 3. I'crr ix,7tr. Nikc. t-n ,rd wirgcd wollr(n C lrlcr-KereI)r.
Attributes A. B. Cook. v. Acheloos -H. P. lsler,,4rkloos (rqzo); S. B. Lucc, Nrtr (re6e).
Zeus iii, 747f.1 M. H.
Groothand, 8,{acrr/r xliii, 3 jli: ,4J,4 xxvii. azjfl.;1. N. Loraro, Kledrlror viii, 13rff. rHr I ROIAN LYCIL Centaurs I'. V. C. Bau. Centatts h Aneient At
Wnrgcd J. lloardnlan, Archdn Crcek Cefls rcof. v. Ncssos - P. Courbin, aCH lxxxvi, 3478: K. F.Johmsen, The tliad h Eatly Crcek At (1967). (rer,).
Hcsione F. Bromm.r. MWPI rqJJ,4tr; E. Diez, Weddnlg of t clcns and Thetis M. Heidmreich, IkiDc'us K. Schaucnburg, AA 1962,745ff.
H URA OJlr xlv, Beibl. r7off.; A. Lcsky. Anz. Ostett. Akad. Mitt. ies. Inn. !. r34ff. saryh F. Brumm(r. .sd,/roi ( rl7): S. K ,ro,r?ou i,,
Attackcd by satyrs Hrspek, .48L 20. Aclillcs raken ro ChiroD K. F. Jolunsen, D/a.(na Kc,ror (Salmika, re7,) J8rt (armed); J. Doardnar,
v. Apollo J. Boardman, RA t9?8, zzttL
NiL!,r (19.19) r8,n Arhan Crcck CMs 11968) J7r. (csr.
\Vith Eros i. D. Bcazley,,lHS xlix.26zf Prometheus S. K^ronzon, Aggek tou Andglromtos JudBcmcnt of l,atis - C. Clxir oni, D0' Pa],l!ftt?il nl SilcDos F. Bronncr,,4A 1941,37tr-
(re63). d0 a"tike K,ltst lt95t). Pan F. Brommer. MdrrwrerJb.Jin K,m'twtsse sehal
Introduction to Olynr pu s - P . Mi119tzzi1i, Mtn. Atti Troilos M. Heictenrcich, Mnt- det l st.iv, ro3tr.K.
Scc Apollo. dei Li eei 1925 6,4r,]R'.;J. Boardman, RA rsj2,6oE.
Mistrcss of Animals C. Christou, Potnid Thetun Kithara playnrg - C. Dugas, REC 1vii,6rff.; K.
(1968); E. Spartz, Da! Wappobild ds Hum nntl det Schauenbu€, JdI lxxvii, s8f.; bcsidc altat CVA
Tarquinia i, pl. r2.3.
Aktaion P. Jacobsrh:r1, Matbnserlb. !. \tr. with Arhena -J. D. Beazley,,4Kiv, 5511'.;G. Bcckel,
TRTPToLEMos Ciitterbcital)d in det BiLd bfliaft [ priecllncllet Hel-
C. Dug Mllanrsr lxii, tL sarer Ae6t).
, 7f. Eurytos G. M, A. Richrcr, ,4.1.4 xx, r3oli; K.
ASSEMBLY oF CoDs Fittschen, Ci,n,dJnlfl 1*vii, r6ze
N. Hinlmclman., MLlPr r96(r,4rffi H. Kn.ll, Die with Saryrs F. Brommer. Sd4,,ryielc (r9J9) 7rtr
D stell sr id Cij eludsdnnrl t,q (1965). sacrifichg l. D. Bcazlcy, BoJro, I/"s.J iii, 8tr

240
 T
Munich, Antikcnsurmlun- Fun.l. tlonr Viri /1lltl ria,
Hanovcr, Kcstncr Muscuni g.n t432- AIJV 102.98. .s7 Pho() Mus(t1r).
r9j4.,lr. Pdr.28, rbis. Photu Arh.Ds, Agora Muscunr P
Berlin, Sttlatlichc Musccn r2a)2il.,4BIl r Ji, 64. l)horo
LIST OF ILL U STRAT IO NS London, Bruish Musurt B r7o4. fronr Cacrc. ,4Br 96.
r 81, fronr Mclos. ,4tsr7I, I. r4. Photo Muscutli. Londor, British Museum B
6l Bcrlin, Staatliche Mrseen +zr, from Vulci.,48l t st,
Frorrirp ir,.. Vrtican Museums 344, Phoh - Mllscunr. 29 Athcrs. Nationil Muscum +6 Florcn.e Muscurn,l2o9, inv. 484r, fron Orvicro. I2. Photo Mlrserm.
lrom Vulci. ABV t45, 13. r4 LoDdoD, Mrs RusscU.,4tsr r 6 t j4, f(nn V.ri. Prf r r, 2. from Chiuri. ABV 76. t; IEIl Phoro Musc-
97, 22. P.ris, Louvrc F 75, from
Photo - Hirncr. See also 9, r7. After ,4Bl pl. r.l. I'dr, 29. I']hoto Hirnlct, unr, rDd rficrJ/Iviii. pl. Vulci.,4drl rJ6,8 L Photo
rrd aticr FortwnDgler- AthcDs, Acropols 607. ,4Ar '.
llool. 15 ItulI.lo, Albrighr KDox Art to Athens, V1.sto CollcctioD. 64
F.l(.L,sisMnrunr. 1'ronr Elcu- Ci.llcry G 600. Atsr t2.22- lroDr Sprtr..4Blrr, 2. Pho- lacichliold, Cr,tlisrlr I/a- rlr7. r. Aftcr, (lr:rcl ,4!r. BostoD, MuseulD of Finc
sis. H(;rPpls. rr, rl. l'hoto io (;.nDan lnstiturc. srarralrrri pls.3. t t-t z. I/dr.'r i, pls. 13, rJ. Arts ro.6Jr. ABY 1t7. 86.
Hirnrcr. Paris. Louvrc (:A 821, fronl Adrcns, Acropolis 6()6. ,431l 65 Ncw York, Mclropolitrn
Munich. Antikcns:trnrtthn- Bocoti..,'181, r2, 2.t Photo ]I Elcusis Mlserm 7(,7, frorr 8r, r. Aft$, Cracf,,4!r. /d- M0scDr11 3I. r r.rr. ,4BIl 8,] Kings Pont, Schimmcl Col-
gcD inv. 8764. Mi iJl,. Elcu\is.,4Br 2r. L Photo r08, j. Photo - MuNrm. lcction, lrom Vulci- Para 67.
Lltt hildtndu Krnsr xri, tto. t7 Arher)s, N.rional Muscunl (iennrn hrstitutc, Athcns BcrliD, Stxrtlichc Musccn Lordon, Bflti$ Mlrscum 1l
r628J, ffonr Vari.,,ltsll r9, Taranro Muscun ro.$8J, itrv. 482r, fronr Liosl:r.,4Br r48.,48Il ro9, 29. Photo 84 Oxford, Ashmoicau Muse-
Formcrlr Ilcrlin. Steetlichc TfcDttun,4lirl trt, 8r,4. Photo - Muscurn. trnr I9l9-1rli. i4Bll IJ7,89.
l. Photo Mr:jcun. froDr 2.
Musccn A:+, fron Acgnu. til Lonclon, llntish Mu\cu r ArllcDs, Acropolis 61r. ,44/ Bcrlih. St.atlichc Musccn
,4ar r, r. Aticr CI,7 i, r964.+ rJ. r.-/H.S x.ii. pls.8, l3 Anrstcrdrnr, All.rd l']icrson 82, r.l'hoto HirDcr. r a,8 s, from Vulci. .4BIl r(]9, Paris, Cabinet des M6drillcr
pl :3. r r.. Phoro Mnscun. Museunt r94r. ,481l 4i, 23. Ncw York, Mcropolian 24. After Gcrhard. E/r. , 221, fron vt],i. ABV ts2,
Adlcns. Ker.or.ikos Musc- Athcns, Natirnrl Mnscrrr Muscun) ra).49. froDr Aft;(r- kanp. t/asothiLru pl. z.t. 25. Photo - Hirnrer.
uur lJor, lrom Athcns.,4lllz 29(J. fronr VoLlrva. ,4tsr 24, 34 Arhcns, Nation.l MLr\eun) ABV a3. 4. l)hoo - Mu Bcrlin, St.xdichc Muscen Boston, Muscun of Fnre
r. z. Phoro (icrllrr lnstF 7. Photo - (;cflnaD Lrstitutc, Jll. ,'18l 6tl, 2 Photo r7t2, fro1n Vulci. IAIl 11o, Arrs or.8027, fron Orvicn).
jr Ncw York, Metropolicrn 37. Photo Muscum. ABV t52, 27. Photo Mu-
AthcDs NxuoDal Murcunr llhodcs Muselln) joo8. 3J London, lltitish Muscunr u MLrscNr J6.17r.28. Fletchcr 6, Mlrnich, Antikc,rsammlull-
rooz. from ArhcDs. r'drn:, (,- fio r lrly$s. ,{Br 24, L l8(], liorn Sirni.,4Br 5i, Fund, tron C:rmirus.,4Al' gcn inv.li76(). Para 46.I)hoto 87 Berh). Sraalliche Musccn
I)hoto l lirmcr, xDd aftcr Ncw York. Mctropolitan 9r.l'hoto Muscnnr. 84, 4.t'hoto Muscunr. inv. :;:ro, frorr Vulci.,43l
A 1. Dt kn.ilu i, pl- ,,7. MnscLrDi 2:.r39.:r. Rogcrs London, British Muscum 1l llrscl, Blocb Collcctur. Oxford, Ashnlolex Musc rJr,2r. Phoio Museu,r.
Athens, NrtioDai Muscunl I'rnd. fronl T.r.ntnn .4Br lron Nola. lBr ji. j. Pdra 3r. to. Photo Bisel um 1966.768. fion Imly. t!u Wiirzburg, Martin von
-182,
r6-18+, fronr Vari. P,t., l. r3. :7, 1. Photo MuselD. ,{a/ rr-1, 80. l')hoto Mu- WagDcr MLrs.-LnD 26J, from
Photo Muscum, rncl rftcr Pr:tgue U iversri,v L2lto, Wiirzburg, M.rrtnl von llostoD, MuserlD of Finc Vulci (?). ,4Bz rir, 22.
Karruzou. ,4,qlci t tor ,4ra firr Grcccc. ABV 3t, 3. W.gDcr Museum 4iI, lroDr Arrs 2r.2r. ,48Il 84, t. 7t Arhens, Vlusto CollcctioD,
(loriDdr. ,4Atl J7. r I4. London, British Muscum ll from Spxta. AtsV tl3. a+. 89 Brscl, Anrikcnmuso,ut Ki.
Adrc,)s, Kcranciko\ Musc- AthcDS. Nrtion.l Muscunl 76. from Crnirus. ,48Il 85, After Runpf. sd/rd,irdr 42o. Pdrd 65. l)hoto Mu-
um 1j4, liorrr Ather\. Irdra rrog- /Bf lr, 7. Photo l8 l']iris, Louvrc CA 616, front r. I']hoto MusculD. pl I4.
1.9. Photo - GernrxD Insri Thcbcs.,4B, jtl, r22 Phon) 5i London, lltitnh Muscum Tocra MNcuDr Io27. Pdld Creat Britrir. Privxtc. Pira
Lon.lon. lltiti$ Mtsclulr 97.7 )1.2. ABV 86. 8. Phot<i 47. Photo Au$or. 6J. Photo Widnrcr.
llcrln), Sri.tlicllc Musccn t97t.tt t.'- I./d r9, r6bis. 39 l']aris, Louvrc A 478, froD) V.ticln Museums JC,9, liorn 9I Munich, ADtikcns.rnnrlun-
1961.7. Jdhtl tth ttt llulnw aMQ xxxvi, pls. 14 J7. Cfi llitlls.,4Br'66, 54. t'hon, 56 llostob. Muscum of Fine C1cre.,4tsr I2r. 7. l'hoto gcn ntv. 8763. I']arr 65. Pho-
MrJr., iv, r$.I'jhoro Mu- Arts 98.9r6. fron Vulci.
2i Adrens, Acropolis r87. ,,ltltl Wnrzblfg, Mrrtin vot ABV 98, 46. Photo Mu- Prrr, Louvrc E 8q- AllV MLniich, Artikcnsanrmllrn-
Athcns, Nirtionrl Musctrnr 19, rs. A[tet Cr]el ,4[r. Wagncr Muscnm 4iz. fionr r20, r. Photo Muscunr. ger 1468, fron Vulci.,4Brl
1jl, fioDr Pirxcus. ,lAIl r. rdlo i, pl. :6. Vulci. ,4AIl 61. 6. Photo 57 London. British Muscunr 75 Oxtord, Ashmolcan Musc- r15, 3 eitnrter of (] Dr

Ali.r,4I r897, pl.6. Arhcns, Nrtional Muscnrr 97.7 ARV 97,21. Af-
,.7.2.. u[r rqo, from Gch. ,4l]/ brldgeaT).Photo Muscum.
Nc$, York. Mcropolitan I J499. lron l'hrtsxlos. ,4tsl 4t I,rris, Lorvrc CA j76. fronr tcrJHS xviii. pl. rs. r 14, 16- Plloto - Musctrnr. tsulm, Stearlichc Muscen
Mrsclm JE.r r. ro, Flctchcr J9. r6- Photo E.1il. Bocorja.,431.'61, 3. Phot) Ignrzburg, Martirr vor 76 Munich, Arrtikcnsamnrlun- r698, trom Vulci- ,48I/116,
FuDd, fion) Cree.e. l8ll r, A&cns, NrrioDiri Muscu Wrgncr Museum r68, iroDl gcn r169, fron Vtrlci.,4AIl 54- Phoro Mnscunr.
4. Photu - Mnscunr. 99r, arom Vorrrv.. ,4Brl rll New York, Meftopolitrr Vulci (?). ,4BIl Iol, ,Ia. Photo Musc!nr.
r26. J,]. Oxlokl, Aslnnolexn Mus.-
P.lris, Louvrc E 87+. ,{31/ 8, r. Photo (lcnnrn IDstitutc. Muscum r2.214.3, ltog.rs Ncw York, Mctropolitxn UD I96J.]3J, ABV T37,511.
r. Photo Hirmcr. Fund, from ncar Nrplcs 59 P:rr;s, Lolvrc l. u64. ABV Museum 56.r r.r, gift of
l']aris, Lolvrc E 8r7. lBll9, Athcns. Nrtio l Museu r ABV 69, 3. l'l1oto Mu- 97, ll. Irhoto Mnscur11. W. C. B.ker. Prrd 66.l']hoto London, British Muscun) tl
7. Photo Muscum. 995, frorn Vo(r?r. IBIl J9, HaDrburg. MuscirD fiir 16l, fron Vulci. ,4BIl r 11,

I3 MnDich, AnrikcnsrnrnrluD- r r. Photo Ccnnin lDst; 43 llolognr Mls.unr PU ro4, KuDst und (ic$,ctbc r96(). r. 7u New York, Mctropolihn 2iJ. Photo - Muscum.
gcn inv. 87j7. l1rd 7, tl5- fr(nn Errurir. ABV 7a. 7- Pdld 40. Photo Mnscum. Muscurn :r.rr.ro. Fletchcr 96 traris, Louvre F jr. ll1)nr

213
 Vulci. ,4lllr rr6, .re l'li,)r,i ll,)Jr(ir, M,,{\,,r of FiD. W.gncr Muscunr +.,6, froDr B :97, tiorii Cr.rc. -4r1.' Wiirb!rg, Mrrtin von WiirTl),,rir. M,rr, r \,,,'
A,t\ e\. r7, llorr (;11x. /,,1f Vul.i. lAri66, r. l']hoto rrs. r6. Phoro Muscurr. Wrgncr Muscur -i9r, froil Wrgr.i Mun,,,,, t ,\ /1,, ,
B.rlnr. Snrtli.l)( M!na rl r1)+. Phi)n) Mus.um. l'rris, L.o!!r( I roo, ll'onr Vul.i.,{Bl'26r, 4r. Pl)ot(l roo. r. ljl,or() M,,n,,,,i
r7ro, iorrr Vul.i. /l1ll 1r, ()\l;tu1, Ash rolcrr M!sc- aliDberri, Univcrsity arcr( (?).,18I.'.r6, 2. l)ho- Itcr lir, Srr.rtlr, ltc ML rtrr
r. l)hoto Museu,,,. Nrr rr r, tionr BolscDx. -l8r' Ilous.. Pdr, 9lr. 47. l)hom - Muri.h, Anukc,)srrrr)luD- r9iN.7. /'],r1, r{)l,.tb,\. l'lr(JI()
98 Lordor, Ilriush Musc'r,r ll ra\, i. Photo MuscuDi. A. l). Tr crclull. r5r ti.rlir, Stxrdi.h. Musccn {c,r zlo:. iioDr Vul.r. lBl,'
rIo, tiom Vul.i. lBt'ra4, Mu,rich, ArtiLcrsirrnrlun r3l l).ilrccror Univcrsity r80s, fioDr Vnl.i. lrL" rr3. -r94,:rt. l)hoto Hincr Lordor), lJrrush Mus.urn
7. Photo Hi,ucr. gcn 2r6i, tlonr Vu].;.,lIt' lllll
i:9.rtlo. i67. pl)onl 6J. Phoro Mus.!!). LoDdoD, Eritish M!scunr B r-:a), t_roDr Vul.i. .,llJl.'
Londou, tsritish Mrr!or B r7r, r. Pl)on, Mumlr. llorrrc Vilh (ltulir Muunr 1l i9o. /lArtr9,l, rr. Phok) r7.1.r r6. l'hot1r MLL\.!n).
ro9. ,{a I,' r,r4, 8. I'hok) - Munich, Anrik.nsanlmloo- rt1 VrricrD Muscu,r)s -ijo. |ro r joT tr. ,4lJl'216, j. Phon) rs7 llru$cls. Mu\a.s llo\ x!\
s(n 2r41, t-ronr V!1.i. -43r Vllci.,.lBl' r4(), r. l)hoio l.cn'rgnll, HclrDitrg. Mu l\ :9r.,.181' -:70, .i-r. l'}hoto
VaLi.aD Muscunrs 144, fioDl r6l, r. l)hon) Muscnn. Florerr.c Musc!nr 7693 r, scuDr. l8f 2r4, r2 Photo
Vulci. ,4ts1,'r4j, r3. I']hoto Vrticrn MllscuDr\ lto. ll:ll,' B.rlil, Srxrd;.he Mrsc.n lionr Orvicro.,l8l,' rrr. rsti Arlcshcinr. Sclirvclzcr Col-
HirDr.r. I ltr, r. l'jhoto Musdrr. r6s6, froD Vulci. .4rll 296, Wiir2burg, Mirtii von lccrior.,4l,I' 169. 4r. Phok)
lloulorDe Mrsernr j jti. r ril Ncw Yoi k. MctropolitrD 4. Phoro
Muscunr. Li4 Ilou\to., .lc M6ril (lollcc- Wrgncr M!r.nDr 4r6, lroin
IBIl r4i, r li. Mulcunr r7.2ro.j. tioDl r36 l-oDdon. llritidr Muscum tion. I IolliIrnn, /?, (i1rir- Vulci.,lEllr94. r 6. l)h()t() r8, (liF.sthoDc I I.rll, lionts
llonrc. Vilh Gluli:t Muscunr Vulci. l']dra 7E, r. Phoftr W.l9, l.rom Vulci,4/ltl,97, rii thdt lnl\'l th ,ftn lc)-l)ivcr)port (loll(ctior).
ioj99, flonr ('.acrc. AtsV 16. Photo MuscuDr. Do r7i. Irhorc .ourrcs) of Athdrs. A.roNlis rj$7
146, 2lr. l'hoto Mus.un1. lloston, Muscunr of Finc Bcrh1. St.rtlich. Musccn .l),, i6lr Altcr Cincl, ,41,. (lop.nhrg(n, Thor wrlclsert
Athers. Aqoti M!1seunr. Arts 69. ro52. Urrlir(rdr Md- r697, fiom (}crc (?). ,lal O\tbrd, AshDrolcrr Mrs. M!!cu,r j.1. ABt' zq, .a-
tom rlr. A.rcpol,s Nordr .(d:rx,5epr. r97o. Figr. r,9j. 297, r7. l)hon) Muscrnrr. unr 5or. ,'lill -:rr, i. Photo l{ichnrord, Virgmir
Slopc. lBr 4i, r9. Photo
r r3il l'ilccton Uni!crstr! Musc 62.r.r r. I)dri r.)9. ]'hoto WiiPbnrg, Mrrtnr voD
Amcr;.rn School ol (lhs\F IlostoD, Muscurr oa Fnr. uDr r6l, fion Noltr. ,44trl Lordorr, llrin5h Muiconr WigDc, Muscunr r99. ,'lBI,'
Arts 6r. r()7r. 7lr? 69. l)hon) r99, rr. Photo Mus.um. Ll r 5(). lBI,'24r). 84. l)hon) ()xtbrd, Ash,,,olcrr Musc- 2S7. i. l)hoto Moscunr.
Munich, AntikcnsrmmlLur Mlrich, ADtik$srDrnrlur uri r166.9i4. /1x? li6, 8bis. London, Ilritish Muscurrr
gcn ro41, fiorn Vulci.,liiil (bpcDhrg.n, Netrnrsl Mu- gcn |7i1, fronr Vulci. ,4Brl ri7 O\li,d, Ash,,)ol.an Mule- B r6r, &o,,, Vul.i. -tBI'
r4.i, trr. Phoro Hirmft. scun in! rt966 Pd,d 4rl. :r99, r7. l)hoto Muscu r. n,n r965. rra). lill,'r4r, 1.1. r7i Nc\\' York, Mctr4rrliur :79, 47. I'hoto Muscur).
llcrlin, Staatiichc Musecn Lonckr,. llritish Muscunr Mus.uDr 06.ro97, l\ogcN r9l O\ti)rd, Ashnrcl$n Mun'
r8r r, r8r4, fto,r) Athcns. llcrln,, Studichc Musccn u rr2, from Vu1.,.,'lilLl L,\ Norrhin)p()r), (1.\rlc A\h- lu\,1- ABI' t99, 2,]\rit tt)7 urr j r r. lB I,':8:, :o. l'jhot,)
AtsV t4(, ).2.l'}horo Llir I717, fronr Vulci. il,?r 7j. 297,r. Photo MuscuD. b), [oDr Enu,'i. l.8l'218,
Mur)i.l). Artik.nsin)Dr1uD Houston, clc Mlnil Lirllcc Munich, ArtilcrsrnrrrlLrrr-
I{rrlsruhc, l}rclischcs t-an- 121 LoDdoD, British M!scuD1 B scD r4r r, t-rom Vulci..4ar I)xr1s. l)riv.rr.. P,rd r !r. rion. IIoliirIrn. li, Crlrir ScD r,ro7, trotrr Vrl.i. l/ll
enr)useuir) 6j.4J, fiorr V!1- 4:,r. fio,r Vnlci.,48r ra)9, rrr. -:. Phoh
MusclD. thdt ttu llt\t :ro. Phob Mus.urr.
.i ( ?). ldrd 6I.Sbis.l']horo l. Photo Mus.uDr. Eotton, MusLrnr of Finc P.rlcrnro Mus.uDr V 6io. 'it! r7(). Phoo
Do. '10|olcourr.s) oi. r9i London, llritish Muscu,,,
Wiirzburg, Martil von Arrs 9t!.9rtr. ABV 3.6. 11. frorr (lhnrsi. A13l );6..t- ll trrj. fi!,r V!I.r. ,4/11'
LoDdon, Bflrish MusLlrnr Wrgncr Mus.um ],rr. ,4ts1l l'}ho() Muscorir, ind r tlc, 177 Oatirrd, AshDrol.iD Mu -rli6,r.l'jhoro Mrs.n,I
1l r64. [to,D l]or)rrzo.,{BIl r49,5. Photo Mus.um. (li..inn.ti, Art Muscur)) Jrl/iv, pl. a. \.onr r97.1. -1,14. ,4,1 r976, Nc$,Yo.k. MeropolitrD
l'hot,) MuseLrr).
r4N. tr. Ncw York, Mctropolitr,) r9j9.r. I)rfu r 14. zltcr. Pho- Mu,rich, ADtikcrnm hr ]li rtl Photo Muscum. Mus.uDr +r.Ni. IBIl rllr,
Ilcrhr, Suadichc Musror Muse!D .17. r r.j, fioD g.D rlor,I'roD) Vul.i. lri" rTll Brlti,rorc, W.ltcN Art Cil- r-l.l'jhoto Muscnnr.
rnv. 1604, fronr (;ordion, A.r.grs. ,4Br r7,1, r. l']horo r+1 Chr;st Cburch (Nc!v Zcr- r5 j. 4. 1']hoft) Hirnrcr. lcry 4E.4:. l3t' roi, l tl)7 Vati.rD Mus.Lrnrs .] 8rl. ,81'
,18I,' 78, r3. I'horo MLr land), Un;vcrsity ol (1.,)tcr- Paris, Louvrc Ii ro4. ftorr rsj. 9. Photo M!!c!D.
Ncw York, Mctropolnar bnr) 4r /i7. Pdrd rla,3rbis Vul.i. ,4llL':i.t, 1. lJhoro t19 T.rxrto Mus.unr jrr jj. r9s MuDi.h, Anrikcnsinrnrlun
Munich, ArtikcnsrmnrlLur Mns.um 6', Ro-
116.rc)2r (- 1.7 iii, pl.:.t.l,hoto Mu gcn I491. UoI Vul(i. .tBI,'
gcr Sl- 462, fror! Txrcntrrn. gcrs Fund, frorr' (l.rpux. r45 London. Ilrltish Mrscunt Moscos, Hi\toricrl Musc -l r6. 7. l)hoft) Mos.unr-
lBl r8o, 4,1. Phob M! ABl, r<r, 1,. l']horo Mu Ll r44, fionr Vulci. lAr um 7o. lionr Trrquirir. Lon.to,r. lJrrish Mus.u"r MuDi.h, AnrikcDsrnrnrluD
3o7. Je. l'horo Muscn|r. /l/j I,' rjj, $. l']hom Mu- lJ ,fr6. J.115- lxxrrli, pl. 5 gcD r+I7, Eonr Vulci. ll]I,'
I-ondor, llritish Mrlcurl Txrrrto Mus.unr 44t4, Brusscls, Mus6er 1lo) rux 167, Il6. l)hotir Muscrm.
B 4:r, frorr Vul.i.,4BIl froD Tir.lnrD.,481,' IrJo, A r 3o.,4BIl 1o8,82.l)hoto IJostoD. Muscunr oi Fnrc Prris, (lxbir.t dcs Ma.lrillcs MuDi.h, Anrikcnsrnrnrlun-
r8r. r. l'hoto MulcnD1. :. Phoro MLrs.unr. Arts 99 jlll. ,,liil.' .1ii, a. 143. l',ir1r 9l. r. Photo Mu- gcr r4r4, tlonr Vtrlri. l/il,'
Iioston, Muscrr) ol_ Fir)e Wiiizburg. Mrrt;r vo ()xford. Ash,roicx,) Mrsc
-167. N7. l)hoto Mus.urr.
Arrs ,8-92o, I_rom Vulci. Wrgn$ Mrsernr 4|. un) r946.rS:. ABV |sb. 1- Muli.h, Antilcnsrr!,,rlun- Hcidclberg Unrvcrsii! Mu Munich, Anrikcnsrurnrlun
ABl. 179. t. Photu Mu- Wiirzbtrrg, Mrrtni von gcn rJ7J, fioD Vul.i lB I,' scum r77, tlorr Ath(n\.11r" gcn r7oo, fronr V(lci. lli l'
Wrgncr Muscunr 45o. 4lJ London, Brltish Muscurr -:56, r6. Photo Muscum. 93, r. Pl)ot() Muscf D. 16.r, r7. l)hoto M!sc!n).
LoD.lon, 1]rirsh MusLrnr Oxtuk1. Ashn,olcrD Mus.- '
B jS6...,lijl- r9j, r-t.l)hoto l-oDdor, liitish Mns(nrr rlil '1onnrto, lLolil ()rLrrro t'rris, Crbinct dcs Midrillcs
B +zt, lroD V!lci..,1ijl./ B 4er. froD VLrl.i. lBI,' MuscuDr 211. l),n, sl, r7. rji. lioD Vnl.r. lrl'Jr,r.
r84. l'hoto Mus.um. Wiirzburg. Mftnr loD r.19 London, llntish MusctrDr 256, r9. l'horo Mus{nr. r 8. Ph()ro Munrnr.

24+ :4i
 tsoston, Mnseurr ()i lrir. N. l'jh(no Mus.um. Mllscu ) (lll 61957- AIJL
()xiin(1. An[,ol..r! Musc fio,r ( )l) rrl)!s .l/ll .rs.
Arts ar3.,17t. /),x? r64, rrl,,s. l'.,ris, (:.,btct drs Mattrilles l)horo Muscl,m.
tro:, tr+. Athcns, Natiorrl Mus.nnr !ri r4o. .lBl, -r.1i, rr. Pho() rj. l)hok) Mr!1,,r
tr\r Philrtp.kr, l/,i..Srxx 2.1ll London, Eritish Mtrs.um roI, ftom Mrmrhon. ,4i]/- Loncl(,i, llril rslr M1 "1,,i
,,.J rell l'horo t7-t. ABV 47t, tt7. :trr, r. Aft.r ,'lBl. pl. ro.r. ()f( To$ D. Sourh Atricr IJ rr8.
Lo.dor), Ilritish MuvL,, MuscuDr. 1926-+
Srn.usc MnscuDr t4jar. Muscrnr. /ltri 186 Photo Copcnhrgcrr. Nx(k),,.,1 M1r
B l2l, fronr Vulci. ,llll l-onrlor, llritish Muscurt B
roo, lionr Vul.i. lBr t2+, frollr Gcii. ,1lrl 2r2, L Af- s.unr iiiv. rl76i. /'rr lr)e.
36r. ll. Phoo Mus.nrr. r.l, oxlo . Adrrolcin Musc
Lordon. llritish Mrscun
umrjo.IBLrr6.2. Photo rcr /81- pi. ro.r.
London, Brnish MLtscrrr t9. Photo Muscu,rr. It 3j6.,,lBL r45, 8tt. !hok) H.ll. UDivcrsitv v i6lr.
ll lr4, fronr Vul.i. l3l' Vrtic. Muscums4r8, fronr rjN Athcns, Nationxl Mrs.!Dl 2<)t i,,

l6cl, i:. l'hoto Musetrm.
Vaticrn MuseuDs 4ir2, fronr
Vul(i. la / r6-1,4j. Phok)
Paris, Crbnrct dcs M6cLillcs
26rl, from (laDii.!rs.,4Bt'
I7lJ,2j3. Photo Muscrnr.
llerhr, Stratlichc MusccD
18J I, fioDr Vulci. ,4Br 18.t,
3. t'hoto Muscunl.
Tolcdo, Musctrrr ol
r9j8.69. G;tt of Bdwird 1).
Libbcy. i1r. r6N, .rbis. Pho-
N.$, York. Mctropo[mn
Muscur) 49.r1.1, Rogcrs
Fu,rd.,4Atl 184. I9. l'horo
London, Brttish Musc!nr
W 4(). ,48I, r84, ro. Photo
VrticrD Muscunls 4 r.1. Alb;
ztlti, Va \i Mtihi dll l/ dtitr.
ro. 4r l. Plloto Muscnnr.
:1] Karlsr!,he, Brdischcs LxrF
esnruscuDr 6i.r4. /)flr I7I,
8. Photo Mus.um.
A!chen, L!ds,ig Cdlrcrion.
Pdn t1o, D4 l'hoto Nig
gli.
Ri.hnlond, Virsnria Musc-
um ofArr 6r.r.i. I)rrd Ijo,
l. Photo Wi.trro.
Bcrltu, S rr[chc Mns..n
i,rv.48iio. Pdrd
r 5(J,
BrusL'ls, Musac\ Royrux
A 7rtr. ,lB I/ j2o, -1. t)hoto
Muni.h. Artik.nsrllrrlur-
gc r49o, frollr V!lci. IBIl
t-2r i Pit, I4r. Phoro Mu-
Oxrord, Ashuolcrr Musc
211)
uD 196j.97. ABV
l'iris, Cibllct Ll$ Mndriilc\
ljl, frou Vul.i. llJL'r+a),
Vulci. ,4Br 319, r. l'hot(,
Londor, British Mlrru
J29, fronr Vulci. ,4?lr r14,
lt l)ara t47- l,hoto
O\rord, Ashnrcl.iD Musc
unr 2r2, iror, (licrc.,4al.'
-13 r, i. I)hoio Mlscum.
Oxtord, Ashnolcrn Musc-
Art nn r965 rrll. /aLl lli,
Toledo. Mnsctrrn of Art
6t.16. (lilt ol Edwxrd l).
Libbcy. turd L19. r tbis.
'1.r.}ri.ir Muscunr 1l(l
6E47, fron) Trrquili.. lB
il, L I)hom Mus.nDr.
l3
Oxtord, A\hnrolcrr) Musc-
!nr r63, t;oD llhodcs.,43r
196,2L lrhob Muscunr.
Ncw York, Mcropolit.r
Mrleum 46.r r.7, Pulit,cr
Bcqucst, turm Vulci. .431u
43,1. l. Photo MrscuD.
i:lr T.rrDto Mu\cuDr 9tzi,
froD rrrcrttrnr. ,4BI- ie7.
7. Atier Touchcfcu Mcy
Dicr. Trl,x,r O/yJr(xJ pl.
rl.r,2.
232 Boston. MuscumolFinc A, ts
q.783. AI3I. t97, t5. Aft$
ToucllcfcLr-Me,vnicr,
+. Photo pl. 17l.
Bctlirl, S rrli.hc M!sccn
inv. 3:r6r. ,4tsL r98,2. lJhoto
rl4 Agrigcnto Muscum. fronr
O.la. ,4t /- troj, :. Photo
:tJ AthcDs, Nrti(nrxl Muscum
J,lr. IBI- 208, 49. Aftcr lIll-
1t,3, 6. 216
Pl.21.1.
Vicnni. K!rsthisroris.hcs
Muscunr 84. .{fl/- 2rr, IJ8.
Ati.r ,4 Bi- pl.26.r
(}rrrbridgc.
F,tzrvillian,
New Hxvcn, Yrlc Univer- .r89. ,181/ joo, lr. Phok) ABV t1a.
srry Mfscnnr rtt ARL 1z1. Arhcns. Nrtionrl Musurm London, British Mrscurr
rB r. Aftcr,4!Jorii vii. pl. r. Crpc Town, SoLrth A t-ricr r r29. froD Erctria. l8l- B r30, fro,)r AthcDs. lBr
Muscu r 6. I1tu -:16. Phoro 166, r. Aftcr,43i. pl!.4r, io. 89, r. Phoro Musclnr'.
Edmblrrgh, l\o\?l S.ottish
Ath.rs. Nationxl Muscum London, British Muscunr
Mu- Mlscunr L224.u79.,4I1l- 27E
j99. ,4iJL tr68, i6. Al-ter l8l- Il r34. fionr Vulcr.,4all
2r7, r9. Photo M!{uD. Ncw York, Mcrrotolit.rD
Oxrord, Ashmolc.n Musc- Musc!trD 4 r.16r.::9, fio,I p1.53.j. l,r. r. I'horo Mnscurn.
um i:,16. /nL 217.20. l'ho- Atticr. lBl- r2aJ, ar. London, British Mus.nnr 29ll Munich, Antikcnsanmlun
London, llfltish Mlscum B 658. ,481.269, 67. t)hoto gcn r4J.], fronl Vulci. /fir
l'jhoro
Lonctiu, Brltish Muscutn t] 619. .4iil- trr7, rll. l)horo lzr, 4- Muscunr.
Adrcns, KcrirDeikos Mus. Terinto MuscuD i1)v.
r. W'f :ro. lBl- 2 rq, 6i. l)ho- 9E87,
Adldrs, Nrtionrl Mus.!nr tti\. ABL 266.6. A.(tat ABL fionr T.re tLrm. IBI/ ra)9.
ij2. ,,lB/-::7, r7. Al-tcr,4ill- r rl. Phoro MuscuDr.
lloston. Muscum of Fmc
Ats 76.4r. ,4BIl .r78. i. t,l I5 l. Crpe TowD, Solrth Africr Ncw York. Mcropolrtrr
:6-l Adrcns. Nrtorral Muscunr Muscunr. Pdrd rlr2. llorrd- Muscunr 07.2i16.8o.,48f
Cl('l
Tolcdo, Museum ol Art 2r34.,48L 2rl, il. After nun rnd lbpc. l,'dJ.J .169, r r4.
r)-1.27. Cift of Edw cl l). lBL pl. 34). h Cap. ld,l pl.2- lol Lcidcn, RijkiDuscnnr
l,' Libbcv. /rdrd 257. l']l)oto Adrcnr. Nrtiorrl Mlsctrnr Ncw York, M.oopolitrn xv.i.79. t-rom Vnlci.,4tsll
4jo.,llJl- r29, 59. Phok) Museum alR s29. .48rl6.)2, ,1o4. 9. Phoro MuscoDr.
Londou, Britislt Muscum Phon) Muscrm.
r8. 3o: Bcrlm, Staxdichc MusccD
r90:.r: rlr.l. ABL 219. 9. Paris, Louvrc MNlJ roJ LoD.lon. British Mus(LIn r8.]2, lionr N01.. ,481.'4.:)il.
,4Bi- ::r!, Jtl. Photo Mu- I] 2iJo, fron Vul.i. l8tl 4. Photo MlscuDr
Atlrcns, A.ropolir I:8r. J89, r. Photo MuscuDl. 30t BologDr Muscunr r L ,4ilr
r
ABL 4a, a9. Afi.r (;r.ct, Lrusrnnc. (;il1et Collcction. r84 Lordo., Brirish Mlscunl 4o9, Altcr CL,4 ii, p|.3.
Akt Vt\t i, p|.74. Pdr, r47. Ktrrrz rnd Ilorrd- B +qq, from Vulci. lAr to{.r Lor1.lon, Dritish MuscuDr
Pxris, Louvrc F 34::.,"lBI- nrrir, L-ft,l B0n, C,Jrr,,r Phonr Muscun).
42-:. li. B 6os, f.oDi Truch.ira.,lBr
-r+8
,1rr.4. Phorc Hirmcr.
ri], 70. A[t$ Touchcteu- 1)ls. -l7, rl. r8j London, British Mrscunr
Mcyniu, pl. s.r. .67 ArhcDs. Vhsto (bllc.txm. IJ jo7, lion Vulci. ,44Il 3C,4.2 Londo11, British Muscurl
l,rrls, Pctit PrhN lll. IBII Orford, Ashnrolcrn Mun' I'hoto Mnsclnr. r9c,t.2 r7. r, frcrn Bcn-
426. 9.
gl)rzl ,4ilr4rr, r. Phok)
jr9. 6. Photo Bullrz. !nr I9r9.lj lIlI- 2.t7, t'r. r86 SnickholDr, Thronc-Holst
OxiiTd, Ash,role.D Musc- Collcctior. l')r,r 18r. 2rbls.
um r47 ,4AL 2jJ, 19. Photo Nelv York, M.tropolitrn Pbob Mcdelh.vsrlluscct. 3oi London, Bnrish Muscum
Mus.unr oo ro7o, l\ogcrs BostoD, Muscnm of finc B 6()7, fronr Crcre. lBl,'
/8/- trli, Aris 99.j:7. l8f 4to. :r. 4r 5, 4. Photo Mus.unl.
B.rhr. Stldichc Musccn Fund. 7r. l)hokr
iDv. i:j-r. IBI- rJj, tr8. lc,6 l']aris, Louvrc MN 7o4. fron)
Prris, Louvr. CIA i9s.,4BI- Toronro, llo)ul Ortario llcnghrzi. ,{llr arJ, r2.
rJ2 Adrcns, Nrtio]1il MuklrDr -r1r, r9. Aftd 1']c$or-(lhi Muscnm l2(). .48Il 442, Cl4: Phob Muscnn.
rr.l:. ,{BL 156, ro. Altcr pi.z, ts/ir'()n1,r, 1'.1rr x, 6li9 |r/d r92. l)hoto M!1scum. t07 MuDich, Antikcrsrnrmlun-
ARt, p|. +7.3. No$ York, M.tropolitrr 289 Lordon, Hruilton-Snrith ge,r nr\,.7767, filnr Adr.Ds.
Bosto,r. Muscum of F!). Mrscunr s6. rz r.::, Flcrchcr Col1cctio,r. Pnra Ili j, 23s. ABV +17,2. I'hom Mu
Firnd. ,4ni. ::y. rru. l'hoto (lhic.go Univcrsir), froDr
Arts 98.924. ABL 26a, t2.)a
Vuld. ,48f 6rr, r. Phon) lolJ U$lin. Sraxrli.hc Musccn
ABV t24, t. Photo - Mu-
GrciftnhrgcD,,4rtilr
49Jo.
Pirtis. allL)in.t d.s Ma'dr;llc\
Bcrlnr, StIdich. Muscc. 2re. IBI-:18. rro. Phorc Oxtard, Ashrnolc.! Musc
r913. ,4tsI- 26(), r 2l. Photo .nr 217. from (l.ulrl$. Pxris. Louvrc F )14. AIJV
Syre.us. Muscl,n) r.ro8i. ,{fir 641, rjo. i'hoto - Mu- r26. I)hob MuscuDr
Mus.!!l ,18/- r.tr, S. Phoro Mu- Konigsbcrg Univcrsitl inv.
Lon.LoD, Llritish
Il Adrcns, llrttish School, F r 98.
5o2.,4B1- 16(r, 126. Phon)

247
246
 urI Wars:w. Nationil MDsclfr um r93o.r68. ,48trl 6Jj. Museum rJ. Pard r59, rr.
(excoluchow 3,)..4812,8,
32o Boston, Muscun of Fine
56. Aftet CVA pl. t6.1. jr6 LoDdon, British Museum Ar.s 6r.1256, from INDEX OF ARTISTS AND GROIIPS
312 CapesthorDe Hall, Brom- 94.7-18.4, from Eretria- Greece (?). ,4Bz 616, rr;
ley-Davenport Collection. ABV 662. 23. Photo - Mr-
ABV 672. JHS lxxyiii, l2r London, Brirish Museum Principal page rcferenc€s are bold. Figure numben are itulni'ed
pl. ro b, c, 3r7 Breuron Museum. Nr,/e B 378. Phoro Museum.
3r3 Rhodes Museum. After A sstubuqen \AK Beihelt i, Fro,t .o/e/ Neck amphora, Anti- Acheloor P. rIr; 2o8-rl - Toronto 315 28i P. 33, 54 st 39-4r
Heidelberg
cfua Rhodos iv. Pt. 3. 1963) pl.6.t. mflean. M2sk of Dionysos. A€hiles P. rrl, 169 Y.tic^n G4? r soi z8z Hermogenes 59-6a, 6zt 113-4,
j14 Vimna, Kunsthisrorisches 3r8 Athenq Narional Museum, Taquinia Museum RC Affecrer 65, 186,2o9i 1t5-z Cock Group IrJ; z.rE 131
Museum r923. ex Empedocles Collection. ABV 275, 5. Photo Altenburg Cless r5o; 284 Cypro-Jugs r87 Hobbl€ Group 169; Joz
3rJ Oxford, Arhmolean Muse- r9 Cape ToM,
1804. - P. rr-2, J3, J2,54-{, J7, Horse Heed amphorae r7-8; rE
:t Sourh Africa Hirmer. Amasis
60, 62, 66, 106, 1o8, r8J, r9o, DaybrerLP. tr+; zlr-z Hyblaea Class I83
197-8, 206, 2t2-3, 2r8, 226i Diosphos P. 148-9, rJo, I78, Hypobibazon Clas r rr-2;
Heights ofsome vases,s showD are giver in cenrimerres 77-91 19o,2t7i 268 72 215-6
Anagyrus P. 19, r89;Jo Dolphin Group r8i
Th€ author and pubhhers arc grateful ro fie many ofiicial bodies, insrituEioDs and individuats Dot Band Cless I5o; 24t Kealres r90
men.ioned above for rheir assistance in supplying originat ilustration material Andokides P. I2, i9, Io3-4, ro5, Droop Cups 6r-2,64. 126-8 Keysid€ Class rJo; 28J-6
Kleitias ,r, 3r, 33-4, 35, 187-9,
Antidoros 6r; r2z Edinburgh P. I47, r48, rJo, r89; 197-8, 2oo! 2o8, 21\-3. 2t8-9,
Anrimenes P. roFro! I rr-2; 23y44 227 fii 46,1o8
iELg, Elbows Out 65-{, 186, 2ro; Kleophrades P. ,\, t68, 22'71
Archikles rr,59, 60, 225; Ir6 158-9 301
Atho. P. rr3-4, t47, t18, 149, Epitimos P. Jg-{r; r2r Klitomenes 62; r,
t82i 250-5 Ergoteles 60 Kolchos 12, 6r; 6,
Ergotimos r1,34, 60, I89 Komast Group r8,20, 31 2, t8l,
BeldAm P. r4F5o, tgoi 277-80 P. rr3, 168]. ,29
Eucharides t87-9, ,95, 2o9t 19-23
Bellerophon Class 6i Eucheiros 60 Krokotos Group ro8, r47;
Bellerophon P. 16 EuphiletosP. ttz, 167,169. 222, 181-,
B€rlin P. I13, 169; Jo2-J 297-8 Kuban Group 169; Jo4
Bleckneck CUss 63-4i ,48 Exekias II,52, i4, 5H' ro5-7, Kuhn Class 28d
BMNP, 64_5; IJz r68, r85, 187, r9r, rg8, ,ox,2\4, Kylenios P. 37; 62
Borkin Class 60 2r8, 23o-t t 97-106, Frontispie&
Bowdoin P. Ii3-4, 148 Eye-Siren Group Iro; t95 Leafless Group rio-I, I94;
Bucci P. rro; r9E
Group I79;3td
Bulas FP decoration Io7-8 Leagros Group ttt)-t, tr2, t4'7,
Burgon Grcup 36, 168, 212; Franeois Vase see Kleitias L68t 199-213, z99,3oo
296 Lion P. 16: io
Gel^P. 1t4, r47t 234-6 Litde Lion Class t49, r9s; 261-2
CP. 32-3, 59,62,2271 35-8 claukytes . Ir,60, 225i ,16 Lydos 12, 3r, 33, 3s, 52-4" 56-7,
Cr.t]usP- tr4i, r3j GokytP. 3'?;56 64, r68, r88, r9o-I, 194, I98,
Camel P. I83 Gorgon P. rZ I8-2o, r83, I87, 21+, 22o, 22Si 64-20, 295
Camtar P. 35 6; J2-J t89, tg4-5, 226; 1 1-6 Lysippide! P. se€ Andokides P.
Cassel Cups 62i 1J, Grimn Bird P. .rJ; 45
Castellani P. 37; Jq, 60 Group E 56r, 168, r98; $-6 Ma&idP. Ltz 3; r2j
Centaur P. 60; r 17 Group of Courting Cups rosi Ma.athon P. 148, t94:. ,56-7
CeBmeicus P. 17; rZ 1E3 Mastos P. IoJ; rdz
Chalcidising Cups Io7 8; ,26 - the Oxford Lid Jzo Medea Group rtz; zt8
CHC Group Isr, r94i 292 - Rhodes 12264 6r; 126
Chimaera P. see Nessos P. - Torotrto 3oJ lro; 196-2 NeaDdros 60; r20
I
ChiusiP. lrr;2rJ Walters 48.€ ro8-ri r78 Nearchos ru, 35, f,o, r89, r9o,
Civico P. 33 i 44 Guglielmi Group 37; 6, 22o,229i 491 50
Class of Athens J8r r.18, r5o, Guide Line Class 289 Nessos P. r5-{, 173, 226 7,
r94t r54 232i 5-8
- C.M.2[B trti 214 Haimor P. 62, r48, r49, rJo-r, NikomachosSeries JoJ-6
- Skyphoi Ar and A2 ro8 r78, tgt, tg4; ,D-6 Nikosthenes rr-2, J3, 6r, 64-5,

248 249
 rl
106, roU. rNr), l8N i), L')r, rN6, rr I r06, t15. r95 lo8 Skythes r2, 106
198:,
'78.
!49 51, 17.1,;1D9 Sokles P- 59, 60; r22
Nikoxcnos l'. 'rl l),r\(rs rot, 106i r72 Sondros 59 INDEX OF MYTHOLOGICAL SU BJECTS
l'crizorDr (;roup rt2,,111| 219 So )ilos I2, r8-9, ro, .t4, 16,
Orkcshott P. 60; I td 9 l,hrDyllir (;r)up I rir ?J7 r89 9r, r9i, r17, roI, rrr, 2Il,
l'h.n)s l'. 6tI /.17 lndex to tcxt ofChapter Thirteen only: ,nd sclecr ngurc numbers irdlLiJ.,i
OLL Group 37
l)hr_vDor l). j9. r)o: r:r-./
Uroup r79, rlt8. r9ri rrJ A.heloos rr4ird,t ll_vd, tr -z.ri ri 270
PiiDtcr N 65i r.tq-Jr, rJ.I Slvru
(hosc,
P. ofAcr.606 jsi{z I l)istixs Chs\ r.i r I 29,/ S!'nrg 1,. 63, r6lJ. r88, 106; Achillcs ::r 3t; 2o, Ja, 16-2, DioDrcd.s 222', t7o.t.
l'. 19, 2.ri-rJ t1r 6 16-5- 49, 51, 55, 86 7. 9it. )oo,
Aficns 5j3 i2iJ4 Polor
,o1, roJ.201, ,t 7. ,27. 211. 26' Didr\$s rr7 8, rro. rlr; sli;p
Iterli0 A34 rJ; _r, I Prilm P. r12 3:22? J - tot. ,47. b;th l?) ,2,
Berlin 1686 6t: r-rJ Priapos r9r Trleides P. 60-r, trIri r2j Aductos 17i 2lo
7
'fersirs I ri.l Drcskouroi i:roxriJpn..
Boston CA :t3; 42 Princcton I). 6l i rjd ,o
thc l)rcsdcn Lckxnis I9i J2 l)sirx ro,1, 106, r rl, r7lJ. rgoi Thcscu\ P. r47, I.19, rjr. r90i tj^x 23a 1t 16.,. ioa-1, rr7
)68 71 45 e Aktrion :r9i.?JE Eilythyirri 2r7i scc Adlcnr. birth
- Eleus;s 767 19: Jr
Erkclados ::o; r.u r
London 876 36,229t 51 Proon P. 35, ro3: J r Thrax rz
5
Three LLrc (i!up Irrr 2rl AlkyoDcus r:l I 2dJ Eos rlo, rlri t.)1,,07( ?),,71 Kassardn ::3o I 9,
- Lordon 8620 2_ro
ADxrohs 2r3, rrr 2i J6, Jlr. l(crbcros :tz,:::r t6: I
Louvre F6 j4i
75 Timiadcs Ir. .l7i J6 7
6
116, 171, ro1, 163. r9, Eris r-l r (etkopcs tr:r i 2 r.t
Mnnich r4Io 63 i ,4r llcd Linc I. rio: ?8r-2 TlcsoD l'. 6oi rd9 ?r
Top urDd Class r jo Eror rr9,212 I{_vknos rr8, 2r+j 68, 22J
thc Ni(osir Olp. Lo8i r7J Il_Ycrott P. tlt 216 7
' '1_op 1l.nd SteDl.sscs rogr ,E+
- Trrquiuia l{C6847 r13: 228
Vrtic.n 3o9 J4i Zl 4 s.konid.s J9. 60r , rj Tyrrhcnirn rnrphonc 16r, ro4, Antiopc 2::i j 20, Eurysthcus .r-::
S.Dd.l t'. Aphroditc 2 r9. tr:9i 61.2 LioD, N.nrcrD 11t 1: 9,1, 97,
i ./.,
tl1c Vrtican Mourner 6z 3:
.t -l
Sappho P. 148-9, r51, r7ll, I8t- Apollo :r7, )19, )24. )z7t t40, t89
131 91. ]oa. 2t4t 260 6, 31i Wr.irh l). 6I, to8: r7,1 r9J, -:loi rnd Hcnklcs r88,
Pxmphaios r2,64-5, 1.16, r I SegDcDt Class ro9: r EJ
1 9 1 , 2 t .t , 2 2 1 , .1
2 o
' Mcdusr 216i scc (iorgonr
l'anarhcn.ric vrscs Il. rr3, ch.7, Siketos r2. 169 x.noklcs 6lr: rr2
McnrnoD rr9 toi i-Jt, 2o7 (?),
(ligxDtonrachy !t.), 22a: 6$ )j4, Mcnchos .rtt; 62, oo
Arrcmis rI7. rr9,::r-r, rr4. rlr; Minofuu, rrj: 66, , r6.:
(;orgons, gorgoncia -:16i J, ?J,
69, Eo,269 Ncrcu\ rr8, rro, rr,]i ,6, ?o2
N$v)s :trr, tr:liJ, Z.l
AthcDr rr6, rI8 rr, rr\-6, )9, Hrrpi.s 2r:: Nikc r3rr ?16
r3r r: birth 62, trJ-1. 175
Hc.ror :r9, )3ot 51, 2al, ,11
Hclcn 2rr, rl I i 67, oo odYss.us rr\, rlo li iJl,2tE,
Bcllcrophon ::61 /, J9
llirds, SrvnrphrlixD .rrri gJ Hephristos rr7:o, rtl I 16./,
Borr, alalvdonirD r:r7i 16.J, 65
I l.ri r' 7 2.), 2r9
l{gxklcs rr6, -rr9 :rii lnrod!.- Irxn 2ll i zEr
19' tiof/Olvnlpus i 21.2, t5t-, Prrir r r8-9, I8-9t J8
vicror r.lq: s,ith Athcnr - r6r. l'xtroklos, ganr.s ,.29 jot 26,
Ilul1, (lrchr rrri ,,J, ,.76, JE4: kithrx t65l 46.J
BLrll, Marrthonirn chrriot ,68, 12t. 28,/r bo$l ol Pegrsos 216 7; scc Bcllcrophon
llusiris ::,1: r4J Sun z.i:; unstcr z,i_l; mcri- l']clcns rrg, 223, r.r6-it: lvcctding
li.cs r6r. .16rr rud scc undcr 2., J, 46.J i nghts'lh.tis ?9r,
C.nrifnrs :trt,2.1:ri t17. t22. t97 rdvcrsrrics, lhcrc :tlso witlt
(lhinrxcre ,6 7t 7. j9, 1:2
(lhiron 2:8.:.1-1i.id Hcrnr$ :17, -::o, -rr,l, -r19 3o, I'}cDdlcsilc. rlo: 98, ,04
(l;!.c .1r i, :t r ; :rJl 1l1t 107. 11o. 115.1. t5j. t:7, P$scphone 2r9, :rr, rt l
r6-r, 2d8, 218, 26r, ?.\2 (crrrlc) l)crflrs zr9, 226t 2j. to, 17o-2,
1)c$, KcrInitirD trI:209 l_lcsitr). 14r,79 ,6s
1)clinir.r :r4r scc N.sios Hcsp$i.ics 2:rti 2rJ

251
2JO
 Polyphcmos 2rJ, z.tri /, ?,I,!. Srtyrs 2r9, 22j,232 3 66. t16.r, roo, r4g
255 Silcnos 233;219 Th€ris 223, 126, 228 3c.. 2321
Polyxena .r29, z3tt j?, 262 SiDis 226 ,o,5j,86,87, i95, r93
PoseidoD 2r8-2o;,40, 2Jd Srrens 23 r i Ez, 286 Ti.tyos 217:,59
Pr;an 23o.,67, 21t Sisyphos 233; r98 Triptolemos 2r9a,46
Procrustcs 2:6;2rJ-r Skiron zz6 'ft)ton 24i 21J
Prometheus 12r, 224i 6 Sleep :.23. zzs, zjz; z5 t 'froilos 22l]; 46.5, 55, ,ol
Psychostasia z3o; -z6r Sphnrx ,27-8; z7J Troy 228 3r
Pytho 2r7 Typhon z3z
Thebes(seven) 2,7
Sarpedon 229i 2jr Thcseus 2r5 6.2r5 6,232:16-4, ZcDs 216, 2za, 23o: tj8, 1 55, 222

G EN ERAL IN DEX

Acropolis jl, r94, 2zo Egyptien 54, r94 Panrthcnaia 167. 169 70. tg4,
Artists' starus r2 3, 2ot Elaeus r8l
Eleusis r9, r82 Peisistratos ro9, 114 2a6, 2t6i
Beazley 7, ro Etruscan 9, r2 3, 36, 64, rrr,
tsiiingu:Js r03, r05 6,1rr, rr3-4 146, r78. 189, 197
Boeotia r28, r il3, r89 Euboc.n r83 Red Figlrc 65, ro3-7, rro-r.
BrauroD r82 Eyes ro7 8, rro r r3-4, r48, r68-9, r99
ReJicfLinc ro3-4
Chaicidian 64, ro7-8 Incision 9, 16, ro3-4
Chinrl r79, r89 Sign:mres r r-2, J8, 64
Six Technique 64, r78, r88
Colour 16, 32 3,37, 55, 1o3 4, Konl.sts r8, 16, r98, ?o9 Solon 12
147. t78 9. r97 A
Coral red 57, ro6 LacoDian 58, 6r-2, r9J Trade r7,20,33, 16,64, rrr, r46
Corinrhjrn 9, 12. t4 5, rj.
t.), Trick vase J.l
31-:1,36, J4,64, r Jo, r78, r86-90, Manncrism 6j-6
19+-6. za4, 2o9, 2r5 Vari rj, 19, r82

E.st Greek 3r-2, j8, 6r, 178-9, Outline drawing r9, 34, 5J, ro3, \ghue Ground 35, roj 6, rro,
rt!5,2o4,2rJ t r$ r49 114, r47-jo, r9o

252
 WORLD OF'ART
Athenian Black Figure Vases
John Boardman. 3li3 illustrations

Athenian black 6grrc vases bear the work of consun.u'nate

artists, like Exekias, who depicted on therD scenes ofmyth
and everyday life which deepen our knowledge and
understanding of Greek antiquity. In this har.rdbook Jol.rn
Boardman enables the reader to study the many aspects of
the vases, and to grasp the essential style ofa painter or
group ofpainters, without having to consult a number of
expensive, and not always easily accessible, publicatior.rs.
A final section is devoted to the nlythological scenes and
other decorative features of the vases. 'l )emonstrates a
broad and penetratin€J grasp of Greek art and archaeology
... comprehensive and concise yet never offers less than
adequate discussion in crisp, lucid prose' (The Tir.r.res
Literary Supplernent) 'Will undoubtedly become a
standard work ofreference for nrany classical sttrdents
and teachers' (fournal ofHellenic Studies)

Thanes and Hudson

ISBN 0-500-aEl,l8-a
g+oi c,-

96,0q r
llil llllt ilt ]ililililt ilt ltil
9 r780500u201381