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DLP 1 Genchem1
DLP 1 Genchem1
DLP 1 Genchem1
CONCEPT NOTES 1
I.TOPIC: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
(States of Matter, Physical and Chemical Properties, Ways of Classifying Matter)
III.CONCEPTS:
✔ Atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element.
✔ An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. Each
electron is negatively charged. The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more
relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
✔ Molecules are group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a
chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
✔ Ions are atoms or molecules that carries an electric charge.
✔ Solid: closely packed; restricted motion
✔ Liquid: far apart; free movement
✔ Gas: very far apart; very free (chaotic) movement
✔ In physical properties, no change in composition takes place during the determination or
measurement of these properties. Examples: melting of ice, evaporation of water
✔ In chemical properties, a change in composition occurs during the determination or
measurement of these properties. Examples: rusting, digestion
✔ Extensive properties change their value when the amount of matter or substance is changed.
Examples: weight, volume
✔ Intensive properties do not change their value when the amount of matter is changed. Examples:
boiling point, density
✔ Pure substances are composed of only one component. Examples: table sugar, table salt, distilled
water, oxygen gas (in tank)
✔ Mixtures are composed of several components. Examples: iodized salt, brown sugar, soft drinks,
human breath
✔ Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atoms. Examples: iron, gold,
mercury
✔ Compounds are pure substances made up of two or more kinds of atoms. Examples: salt, sugar,
water
✔ A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and exhibits the same properties in different
parts of the mixture. Examples: rubbing alcohol, carbonated soft drink, human breath
✔ A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition and its properties vary in different
parts of the mixture. Examples: mixture of water and oil, mixture of salt and pepper.
IV. ACTIVITY/EXERCISES
“CONSTRUCTING A DIAGRAM”
Question:
a. How do the following particles differ from each other?
Atoms:
Molecules:
Ions:
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● Keywords: pure substances, mixtures, elements, compounds,
Homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures
Question:
a. How do pure substances differ from mixtures?