PHYSICS

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

TO STUDY THE
PHENOMENON OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
 INDEX
CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

APPLICATIONS OF EMI

OBSERVATIONS

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Research question: What is the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction?

INTRODUCTION
Electromagnet:
It is a magnet that consists of a piece of iron surrounded by a coil in which a magnetic field is
produced when current is passed through it.

Induction:
The process of generating current in a conductor by placing it in a changing magnetic field

Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of emf across an electrical conductor in changing
magnetic fields. This phenomenon was discovered by Micheal Faraday.
It occurs whenever a magnetic field and an electric conductor move relative to one another so the
conductor crosses lines of force in the magnetic field.
It refers to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor
changes.

Magnetic Flux:
Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given closed
surface. It provides the measurement of the total magnetic field that passes through a given
surface area.
PRINCIPLE

Electromagnetic Induction is a phenomenon of current in a closed circuit by changing magnetic

field.The Law of Induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1830. It is produced because
the magnetic field keeps varying or the magnetic field is stationary and a conductor is moving.
This produces a Voltage or EMF (Electromotive Force) across the electrical conductor.

For example when we go shopping we use cards and they swipe it which deducts money. This
happens because of the ‘Electromagnetic Induction’.

Electromagnetic induction has found many applications; it has many electrical components such
as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.
Invention:

Faraday, the greatest experimentalist in electricity and magnetism of the 19th century and one of
the greatest experimental physicists of all time, worked on and off for 10 years trying to prove
that a magnet could induce electricity.

Faraday laws of EMI

1. Whenever the magnetic flux linked with coil changes and EMF is induced in the coil
which is called induced EMF.
2. The induced EMF i s always equal to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux.

Induced EMI:
Induced EMF is the change in potential difference due to a change in the magnetic flux of a coil.

Lenz Law:
The direction of induced EMF is always such that it tends to produce induced current which
opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
Some Applications of electromagnetic induction

● ELECTRIC POWER METERS

The shiny metal disc in electric power meters rotates due to Eddy currents. Eddy currents are
induced in the disc by a magnetic field produced by sinusoidal varying currents.

● ELECTROMAGNETIC DAMPING
When current is passed through a galvanometer its coil suffers few oscillations before coming to
rest. As the coil moves in the magnetic field Eddy currents are set up in the coil which opposes
the motion.

● INDUCTION FURNACE
This can be used to produce high temperatures that can be utilized to prepare alloys by melting
constituent metals. When AC currents are passed through this Eddy currents are generated in the
metals producing induced current to melt them.

EXPERIMENT

Materials Required
Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wires.

Procedure
1. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns.
2. Connect end of coil to galvanometer
3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into the coil and observe the changes in
the galvanometer needle.
4. Repeat the earlier step with the south pole of the bar magnet.
 5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a different number of turns and the
variation in the deflection of the galvanometer needle.

Observations
1. When we move the magnet in or out the needle in the galvanometer gets deflected.
2. When we insert south pole of the magnet the needle gets deflected to the positive
direction
3. When we insert the north pole of the magnet the needle gets deflected to the negative
direction
4. As we increase the speed or number of coils the deflection increases
Result
1. The Deflection of needle indicates the presence of current
2. The direction of deflection tells us the direction of current

This experiment provided us the opportunity to model the magnetic flux and induced voltage and
to obtain results that agree remarkably well with the predictions of the model. In this experiment,
when the magnet was passed through the coil there was a changing, magnetic flux that produced
an Electromotive force in the coil. This electromotive force agrees with that predicted by
Faraday's law of induction

Bibliography
To Study the Phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction | Physics Astronomy Project Topics
(seminarsonly.com)
 chap-6.pmd (ncert.nic.in)

Electromagnetic induction - Wikipedia