Materials science

Academic Year (2022-2023)

Tutorial Problems
Dr. Arafa Soliman Sobh
Eng. Esraa Mohammed
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Sheet 2
1. Why study imperfections in solids?
2. List the major categories of crystalline defects.
3. Illustrate with aid of Schematic neat sketches the various types of point
defects.
4. What are the differences between edge and screw dislocations?
5. Briefly describe a twin and a twin boundary.
6. Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for
copper at 1000 oC. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9 eV/atom;
the atomic weight and density (at 1000 oC) for copper are 63.5 g/mol
and 8.4 g/cm3, respectively.
7. Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its
melting temperature of 327 ºC (600 K). Assume an energy for vacancy
formation of 0.55 eV/atom.
8. Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in iron at 850C.The
energy for vacancy formation is 1.08 eV/atom. Furthermore, the
density and atomic weight for Fe are 7.65 g/cm3 (at 850ºC) and 55.85
g/mol, respectively.
9. Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum,
given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500oC (773 K) is
23
7.57 x 10 m-3. The atomic weight and density (at 500 oC) for
aluminum are, respectively, 26.98 g/mol and 2.62 g/cm3.

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