REVIEWER IN UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
THE SELF IN WESTER AND EARTERN THOUGHT
Confucianism
- Describes as a code of ethical conduct
- Self-cultivation is seen as the ultimate purpose
of life.
- Self-cultivation is the purpose of life
- Chun-Tzu a man of virtue and noble character
- Chun-Tzu is Gentle Man
- The Cultivated Self in Confucianism is what
some scholar call “Subdued Self”
- Subdued self where personal needs are
repressed for the good of many,
Taoism
- Taoism is a Simple Lifestyle
- Living in the way of the Tao or the universe
- Taoism states clues of what it is as they adapt a
free-flowing, relative, unitary as well as
paradoxical view.
- The Ideal of self is selflessness
Buddhism
- Difference in teaching with our discussion
- The self is seen as an Illusion, Born out of
ignorance, trying to hold and control things, or
human centered needs, thus the self is also the
source of all these suffering.
Comparing West and East
Western Perspectives
- INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURE
- Does not discount the role of environment and
society in the formation of the self
- The focus is always looking toward the self
- Emphasize more on the value of equality
- “You compare yourself so you can be better.”
- Northern America, Europe
Eastern Perspective
- COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE
- Also called as Oriental Persons
- Sees the other person as a part of yourself as
well as the things you may create
- Look after the welfare of their groups and
values cooperation
- Asia
Theorizing the Filipino Self
- Trend colonized countries to “Decolonize”
- Pilipinolohiya by Prospero Covar
- Pantayong Pananaw by Zues Salazar
- Sikolohiyang Pilipino by Virgilio Enriquez
 Described the Filipino “self” or
personality a “shared identity”
 Specifically connected to the concept of
KAPWA
- We place importance to values that promote
cooperation and social acceptance
- That is also why we have concepts, such as hiya,
utang na loob, and pakikisama, which reflect
how we relate to others or want to be
perceived by our kapwa.
THE PHYSICAL SELF
Physical Body
- Is the window to one’s personality.
- Has been considered as the “real home,”
“temple” or “vehicle”.
SHAVELON ET AL.
Physical Self
- Is affected by involvement in sports, exercise,
and other activities that enhance the physical
body.
- Is the amazing vessel, complex, woven and
knitted
Total Self or General Self
- As being made up of Academic Self and
Nonacademic Self.
Academic Self
- Is influenced by learning process.
Nonacademic Self
- Is shaped by an individual’s social life,
emotional self, and physical self.
Social Self
- Is greatly influenced by parents, colleagues,
friends, and acquaintances among others.
Emotional Self
 - Is the person’s experiences of joy, anger, fear,  Necessary Exercise
anxiety, and other emotions.
Mental Self-Care
Fox (2000)
- Is a two-fold process, according to Brzosko
- Emphasized the factors that encompass physical - Tips for improving our mental habits:
self-esteem includes:  Focus your attention on the present
 Sport Competence moment
 Attractive Body  Practice Gratitude
 Physical Power  Exercise Patience
 Physical Condition  Learn to accept what is already
happening
And how they shape the global-esteem.
Emotional Self-Care
Sigmund Freud
- Michael Brown stated that all emotions are
- Concept of self and personality makes the
essentially “energy in motion”.
physical body core of human experience.
- The Presence Process
Wilhelm Reich - Standardized names for emotions or energies in
motion:
- Emphasized the unity of the mind and body.  Fear
Erik Erikson  Anger
 Anxiety
- Considered experience as firmly associated on  Sadness
the ground plan of the body.  Happiness
Maslow  Excitement
 Thrill
- Provided a very important lesson about our - Desired for Positive Emotions
physical bodies. - Unwanted for Negative Emotions
- He laid down Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Important step in dealing with our emotional
self is to recognize the validity of our emotional
Psychologists
state.
- The physical body plays for the totality of our
being.
THE SEXUAL SELF
Religious Groups
Sex
- One that draws attention is varying idea from
- Refers to physical or physiological difference
the Indian Tradition
between males and females (Diamond 2002)
- Attribute it as the main instrument for spiritual
- Defined by reproductive organs including the
growth
components, the chromosomes and the
Middle Path hormones.

- Is vital in one’s attitude toward the body Three Sex Variation According to WAAC or Western
Australian AIDS Council
Self-care

- Is the intentional, planned and actual act of  Male

- A person with penis or the male reproductive
taking the time to attend to our basic physical,
system
mental, and emotional needs.
- XY chromosomes
- Three Basic Aspect of Physical Self-care are: - High level of testosterone
 Good Nutrition
 Sufficient Amount of Recovery Time
 Questioning
 Female - Some people who may be unsure about their
- A person with vagina or the female sexuality
reproductive organ.
- XX Chromosomes
- High level of estrogen

 Intersex
- A person born with the sexual anatomy or
chromosomes that do not fit traditional
definition of male or female.

Gender
- Refers to social or cultural roles played by male
or female in the society.
Gender Identity
- The extent to which one identifies as being
either masculine or feminine,
Gender expression
- Describes how someone prefers to express his
or her gender to the world.

Three Gender Variations:

1. Cisgender
- A person identifying himself or herself with the
sex assigned to them at birth.
2. Transgender
- Whose gender identifies does not match the sex
that they were assigned at birth.
3. Gender Fluid
- A person whose gender identity is not fixed
and/or shifts depending on the situation

Sexuality
- Part of a person expressed through sexual
activities and relationships
Sexual Identity
- A person chooses to describe or label his or her
sexuality
Heterosexual
- A person who is attracted to the people of the
opposite sex.
Homosexual
- A person attracted to the people of the same
sex.
Bisexual
- A person who is attracted to both genders.
Asexual
- A person having no sexual attraction.
Pansexual
- A person’s attraction to multiple genders