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Introduction to Green Architecture

Why “Green Architecture”

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100

Earth’s Energy Balance

 Earth warms up
 Emits heat
 Some passes through the GHGs
 Some traps inside
 Warm up the earth

Green House Effect

 Causes more GHG leak into atmosphere
 Create Global warming

Global Warming
 Gradual heating of the atmosphere
 Overtime contributes to climate change

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Green House Gases Carbon cycle

NO3-3%
CFC-10%

Methane – 9%

CO-7%

CO2 – 72%,
Burning of fossil
fuels
Thermal power plant burn fossil fuel to
generate “Electricity”

Buildings emit more than 40% of emission of CO2

Canada, 2006

North America
Developed
economies

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Too much of Co2

Running out of oil

Sea-level rise
Centuries to several millennia
Global Environmental
Temperature stabilisation
Issues
Magnitude of Response

Few centuries

CO2 stabilisation
100-300 years
2020
2040

CO2 emission

Long-term trends and planetary risks

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Climate change: • Evident for more hot weathers

Global temperature rise
• The world is hotter now than it has been at anytime in the past
2000 years
• Eleven of the 12 years from 1995 to 2006 rank amongst the 12
hottest years
• Temperatures in the Arctic increasing over twice the average
global rate

Impacts & Vulnerability:

In 1970 the deserts of the world covered 22% of world’s land mass
and in 2000 this had risen to 33%

Unplugged buildings : with no understanding on changing climate

Hot and dry climate

Temperate climate

Cold climate

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What “WORKED” ?

• Openable windows worked

• Natural ventilation worked
• Shades worked
• Sunlight worked
• Day lighted spaces worked
Lights go out in New York 2003

Sealed buildings cannot breathe

Elevators and lights need power
Grid and energy dependent buildings “ DIDN’T WORK”.

Reference: revolution (TV series )

“GREEN” in Architecture…

Not the Colour “GREEN”

Not “GREEN” from vegetation

Not just“GREEN” gadgets

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Sustainability in Architecture

We are ecologically interdependent with the whole natural environment

We are socially, culturally and economically interdependent with all of humanity

Sustainability in the context of this interdependence requires partnership, equity

and balance among all parties

Buildings and the built environment plays a major role in the human impact on
the natural environment and on the quality of life

• A sustainable design integrates consideration of resources and energy

efficiency, healthy buildings and materials, ecologically and socially sensitive
land use and aesthetic sensitivity that inspires, affirms and ennobles

• A sustainable design can significantly reduce adverse human impacts on the

natural environment, while simultaneously improving quality of life and economic
well-being

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Sustainability in Architecture

Environmental Policy of RAIA (Royal Australian Institute of Architects)

Objectives:
• Architectural profession is committed to environmental and social sustainability.
• Commitment will contribute to preserving and restoring the ecological processes on which
life depends
• Providing the opportunity to maintain or improve the quality of life for current and future
generations
• Maintain the intrinsic values of the natural environment

Sustainability in Architecture
Environmental Policy of RAIA (Royal Australian Institute of Architects)

Five Specific principles:

1.Maintain and restore bio diversity

2.Minimize the consumption of resources
3.Minimize pollution of air, soil and water
4.Maximize health, safety and comfort
5.Raise awareness of environmental issues

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1. Maintain and restore bio diversity

Objective: Consider the impact of design decisions and materials selection on ecosystem
away from the site
•Evaluate the site and local eco systems
•Do not recommend buildings in areas where development is likely to have
significant negative environmental consequences
•Maintain and enhance the site eco system
•Preserve vegetation and top soil
•Restore habitat corridors
•Promote innovative building and development that will lead to a sustainable society

2. Minimize the consumption of resources

Objective: Practice land and soil conservation

•Recommend build on rehabilitate already disturbed land

•Use renewable in preference to finite resources by encouraging the reduction of
energy consumption
•Practice waste management and avoid disposable elements
•Recycle buildings and use recycled components
•Formulation of the client’s brief to ensure efficiency of the space
•Design for durability
•Ensure adaptability through the concept of “ loose-fit”
• Recommend the use of materials and equipment for longer life

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Sustainability in Architecture
Environmental Policy of RAIA (Royal Australian Institute of Architects
3. Minimize pollution of air, soil and water
•Minimize Green House Gas emission
•Reduce the use of all forms of fossil fuel-based energy
•Increase CO2 absorption through vegetation and tree planting
•Minimize all forms of pollution
•Erosion, storm water, effluent run-off

Sustainability in Architecture

4. Maximize health, safety and comfort

• Integrate building with the natural environment
• Improve the quality of indoor environment

5. Raise awareness of environmental issues

• Make the Authorities ,Professionals and the Community aware on current and credible
environmental issues.

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Architectural professionals have to accept the fact that as a society’s economic

status improves, its demand for architectural resources — land, buildings or
building products, energy, and other resources — will increase.

This in turn increases the combined impact of architecture on the global ecosystem,
which is made up of inorganic elements, living organisms, and humans.

The goal of sustainable design is to find architectural solutions that guarantee the
well-being and coexistence of these three constituent groups

Professional commitment for a sustainable future

Adopted from RAIA policies

• Place environmental and social responsibility at the core of our practice and professional
responsibilities

• Develop and continually improve practices, procedures, products curricula, services and
standards that will enable the implementation of sustainable design

• Educate our fellow professionals, the building industry, clients, students and the general
public about the critical importance and substantial opportunities of sustainable design

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• Establish policies, regulations and practices in government and business that ensure
sustainable design becomes normal practice

• Bring all existing and future elements of the built environment – in their design,
production, use and eventual re-use up to sustainable design standards

Many national bodies and institutions of architecture adopted this declaration and produced energy
and environmental policies

Sustainable design

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Goal of Sustainable Design:

Architecture that guarantee the well-being and co-existence of global eco system
which is made up of inorganic elements, living organisms and humans

Conceptual Framework of sustainable design

Principles
Strategies
Methods

The three levels of the framework (Principles, Strategies, and Methods) correspond to the three
objectives of architectural environmental education: creating environmental awareness, explaining the
building ecosystem, and teaching how to design sustainable buildings.

Sustainable Design Framework:

Principles

Economy of Life cycle Humane

Resources Design Design
strategies

Energy Pre-Building Design for Human

conservation Phase comfort

Water Building Preservation of

conservation Phase natural conditions

Material Post-Building Urban design and

conservation Phase site planning
Methods

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Principles of sustainability
Economy of Resources is concerned with the reduction, reuse, and recycling of the natural resources
that are input to a building.

Life Cycle Design provides a methodology for analyzing the building process and its impact on the
environment.

Humane Design focuses on the interactions between humans and the natural world.

These principles can provide a broad awareness of the environmental impact, both local and global,
of architectural consumption. Each of these principles embody a unique set of strategies.

Principle 1: Economy of Resources

By economizing resources, the architect reduces the use of nonrenewable resources in the
construction and operation of buildings.
MATERIAL FLOW IN THE BUILDING ECOSYSTEM
Up stream Down stream

Building materials Used materials

Energy Combustion by products
Water Grey water/sewage
Consumer goods Waste organic/inorganic
Solar radiation Heat
Wind Polluted air
Rain Ground water
One – way duct

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Upstream, resources flow into the building as input to the building ecosystem.
Downstream, resources flow out of the building as output from the building
ecosystem. The transformation from input to output is caused by the many
mechanical processes or human interventions rendered to the resources during
their use in buildings.

The three strategies for the economy of resources principle are energy
conservation, water conservation, and material conservation.

Energy conservation
After construction, a building requires a constant flow of energy input during its operation.
The environmental impacts of energy consumption by buildings occur primarily away from
the building site, through mining or harvesting energy sources and generating power. The
energy consumed by a building in the process of heating, cooling, lighting, and equipment
operation cannot be recovered.

Water conservation
A building requires a large quantity of water for the purposes of drinking, cooking,
washing and cleaning, flushing toilets, irrigating plants, etc.. All of this water requires
treatments and delivery, which consume energy. The water that exits the building as
sewage must also be treated.

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Material conservation

A range of building materials are brought onto building sites. The influx of building
materials occurs primarily during the construction stage. The waste generated by the
construction and installation process is significant. After construction, a low-level flow of
materials continues in for maintenance, replacement, and renovation activities.
Consumer goods flow into the building to support human activities. All of these
materials are eventually output, either to be recycled or dumped in a landfill.

Principle 2: Life Cycle Design

Conventional model of building’s life cycle is a linear process

Operation and Demolition

Design Construction
Maintenance

CRADLE TO GRAVE APPROACH

This model is too narrowly defined,
• It does not address environmental issues related to the manufacturing and procurement of
building materials

• No concern on waste management, reuse and recycling of resources

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Sustainable building life cycle:

A Sustainable design recognizes - CRADLE TO CRADLE APPROACH

Pre-Building Phase
Nature Extraction Materials transmigrate from one
Processing form of useful life to another with
no end to its usefulness
Manufacturing
Post Building
Phase Transportation Building Phase
Waste management Construction

Operation and
Recycle
Maintenance
Reuse

Pre -building Phase:

This phase includes site selection, building design, and building material
processes, up to but not including installation.

Sustainable design strategy consider environmental consequences of,

Design (its structure, optimum spatial planning)
Orientation
Impact on the landscape
Materials used

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Building Phase:
•Construction and operation processes for ways to reduce the environmental impact
of resource consumption
• Long term health impacts of building environment on its occupants

Post Building Phase:

This phase begins when the useful life of building has ended
•Building materials become resources for other buildings or waste to be returned to
nature
• Sustainable design strategy focuses on reducing construction (Currently comprises of
60% of the solid waste in landfill) by recycling and reusing buildings and building
materials)

Principle 3: Humane Design

Humane design is concerned with the livability of all constituents of the global ecosystem,
including plants and wildlife. This principle arises from the humanitarian and altruistic goal
of respecting the life and dignity of fellow living organisms.
1. Preservation of Natural Conditions: An architect should minimize the impact of a building
on its local ecosystem (e.g., existing topography, plants, wildlife).
2. Urban Design and Site Planning: Neighborhoods, cities, and entire geographic regions can
benefit from cooperative planning to reduce energy and water demands. The result can be
a more pleasant urban environment, free of pollution and welcoming to nature.
3. Human Comfort: As discussed previously, sustainable design need not preclude human
comfort. Design should enhance the work and home environments. This can improve
productivity, reduce stress, and positively affect health and well-being.

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Methods for achieving Sustainable Design:

The ultimate goal and challenge of sustainable design is to find win-win solutions that
provide quantitative, qualitative, physical, and psychological benefits to building users.

The three principles of sustainable design — economy of resources, life cycle design, and
humane design — provide a broad awareness of the environment issues associated with
architecture. The strategies within each principle focus on more specific topics. These
strategies are intended to foster an understanding of how a building interacts with the
internal, local, and global environments.

Economy of Resources:
The principal domain of architectural design is in the building phase, but sustainable
building can be achieved by finding ways to minimize environmental impacts during all
three phases of building life cycle. Conserving energy, water and materials can yield specific
design methods that will improve the sustainability of architecture. These methods can be
classified as two types.

Input reduction method

Reduce the use of non-renewable resources input to the building, the resource demands are directly
related its efficiency in utilizing resources

Output-management method
Reduce environmental pollution by maintaining raw waste and proper waste management

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Energy conservation
Energy conservation is an input-reduction method. The main goal is to reduce consumption of
fossil fuels. Buildings consume energy not only in their operation, for heating, lighting and
cooling, but also in their construction. The materials used in architecture must be harvested,
processed, and transported to the building site. Construction itself often requires large
amounts of energy for processes ranging from moving earth to welding.
1. Energy-conscious urban planning
2. Energy-conscious site planning
3. Alternative sources of energy
4. Passive heating and cooling
5. Avoidance of heat gain or heat loss
6. Use of low-embodied-energy materials
7. Use of energy-efficient appliances with timing devices

Water conservation
Methods for water conservation may reduce input, output, or both. This is because,
conventionally, the water that is supplied to a building and the water that leaves the building
as sewage is all treated by municipal water treatment plants. Therefore, a reduction in use also
produces a reduction in waste.
1. Re-use water onsite
• Rainwater collection
• Graywater collection

2. Reduce consumption
• Indigenous landscaping
• Low-flow showerheads
• Vacuum-assist toilets or smaller toilet tanks

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Material conservation
The production and consumption of building materials has diverse implications on the local and
global environments. Extraction, processing, manufacturing, and transporting building
materials all cause ecological damage to some extent. There are input and output reduction
methods for materials conservation. As with water, some of these methods overlap.

1. Material-conserving design and construction

2. Proper sizing of building systems
3. Rehabilitation of existing structures
4. Use of reclaimed or recycled materials and components
5. Use of non-conventional building materials

Life Cycle Design:

Life Cycle Design principle embodies three strategies: pre-building, building, and post-
building. These strategies, in turn, can yield specific design methods that will improve
the sustainability of architecture. These methods focus mainly on reducing input.
Consuming fewer materials lessens the environmental impact of the associated
manufacturing processes. This then reduces the eventual output of the building
ecosystem.

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Pre-Building Phase
During the Pre-Building Phase, the design of a building and materials selected for it are examined
for their environmental impact. The selection of materials is particularly important at this stage: the
impact of materials processing can be global and have long-term consequences.

1. Use materials that are

• Made of renewable resources
• Harvested or extracted without ecological damage
• Recycled
• Recyclable
• Long-lasting and low maintenance

2. Minimize energy needed to distribute materials

Building Phase
The methods associated with the Building Phase strategy are concerned with the environmental
impact of actual construction and operation processes.

1. Schedule construction to minimize site impact

2. Provide waste separation facilities
3. Use nontoxic materials to protect construction workers as well as end users
4. Specify regular maintenance with nontoxic cleaners

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Post- Building Phase

During this phase, the architect examines the environmental consequences of structures that have
outlived their usefulness. At this point, there are three possibilities in a building’s future: reuse,
recycling of components, and disposal. Reuse and recycling allow a building to become a resource
for new buildings or consumer goods; disposal requires incineration or landfill dumping, contributing
to an already overburdened waste stream.

1. Adapt existing structures to new users and programs

2. Reuse building components and materials
3. Recycle building components and materials
4. Reuse the land and existing infrastructure

Humane design:

This principle embodies three strategies: preservation of natural conditions, urban

design and site planning, and design for human comfort. These strategies, in turn, yield
specific design methods that will improve the sustainability of architecture. These
methods focus primarily on improving the quality of life for humans and other species.

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Preservation of Natural Conditions

1. Understand the impact of design on nature
2. Respect topographical contour
3. Do not disturb the water table
4. Preserve existing flora and fauna

Urban Design and Site Planning

The methods associated with the Urban Design and Site Planning strategy apply
sustainability at a scale larger than the individual building.
1. Avoid pollution contribution
2. Promote mixed-use development
3. Create pedestrian pockets
4. Provide for human-powered transportation
5. Integrate design with public transportation

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Design for Human Comfort

1. Provide thermal, visual and acoustic comfort

2. Provide visual connection to exterior
3. Provide operable windows
4. Provide clean, fresh air
5. Accommodate persons with differing physical abilities
6. Use nontoxic, non-outgassing materials

Sustainable development aims to balance three elements

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Who has disturbed this balance?

• Built environment’s life span contribution to global CO2 emissions is 40% - the
largest single contributor to global warming (UNEP)

• One ton of cement production will contribute to one ton of CO2 emission

• Building sector is responsible for more than one third of total energy use

• Building sector is responsible for 12% of the water usage

• Building sector is responsible for 40% of the waste that goes to land fills

Why should we go green

Variety of reasons are there, but most come back to supply and demand

• Limited resources
• Population growth
• Increasing resource demand
• Increasing solid waste generation
• Increasing environmental pollution ( air, water, soil)
• Unsustainability

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Hannover Principles
The concept of integrative and sustainable design recognizes that human civilization is an
integral part of the natural world and that nature must be preserved and perpetuated if the
human community itself to preserve.

A model of design principles necessary for sustainability were exemplified by ‘Hannover

principles’ developed by William McDonough Architects (the mastermind of sustainable
design)

In class assignment
Make a small presentation on Hannover principles.

Green (Ecological) approach

Green approach to the built environment involves a holistic

approach to the design of buildings; that all the resources go into
a building be the materials, fuels or the contribution of the users,
need to be considered if sustainable architecture is to be produced.
(Vale B. , Vale R. 1991: Green Architecture, Design for a sustainable future, Thames
and Hudson Ltd., London)

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Green (Ecological) approach

Green design involves the holistic consideration by design, of the

careful use of energy and materials in a designed system and the
endeavor by design to reduce the impacts of this use on (and its
integration with) the natural environment, over the life cycle of the
designed-system from source-to-sink .
(Yeang, K 1995, Designing with nature: the ecological basis of architectural design,
McGraw-Hill, New York)

Principles of Green Architecture

Principles 1 : Conserving Energy
A building should be constructed so as to minimize the need for
fossil fuels to run it. Past societies accepted the necessity of this
principle without question. It is only with the recent proliferation
of materials and technologies such a basis of ordinary building
has been lost. Building modify the climate to suite the needs of
the users, by the use of materials and disposition of elements.

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Principles 2 : Working with climate

Buildings should be designed to work with climate and natural energy sources. Explore how building form
and disposition of building elements can alter internal comfort conditions. The conventional modern
solution, the provision of air conditioning system, is no more than a crude process of opposing climate with
energy

Principles 3 : Minimizing new resources

A Building should be designed so as to minimize the use of new resources and, at the end of its useful life,
to form the resources for other architecture. Immense resources are already a part of the existing built
environment, that the rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing building stock for minimal environmental
impact is as important. There are not sufficient resources in the world for the built environment to be
reconstructed a new for each generation. Re-use can take the form of recycling materials or recycling
spaces.

Principles 4 : Respect for users

Green architecture recognizes the importance of all the people involved with it. Green approach to
architecture that includes respect for all the resources that contribute to making a building will not
exclude human beings.

Principles 5 : Respect for site –”A building will ‘touch-this-earth-lightly”

This embodies an attitude to the interaction of a building and its site that is essential to a green
approach. Building could be removed from its site and leave it in the condition it was before the building
was placed there.

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Working with climate D E S I G N S T R A T E RG I E S

• Building orientation
• Why do we need specialized
• Sun path geometry themes for Architecture
• Plan shape • What does the GREEN means
• Sectional form
• Is an architect the initiator of
• Wind orientation making a building GREEN

• What are the mechanisms to

standardize GREEN designs

• Are the Certifications

appropriate to conditions

Service core Wind ducts, wind Open to sky ground floor

positioning scoops

Working with climate: Example “TROPICAL TOWERS”

Climate matching
• Cylindrical tower with an Area/ volume ratio of less than 1 contains heat
• Un-shaded smooth glazed facades supports heat gain through building envelope
• Unbearable indoor temperatures are well above the human thermal comfort range
• Reducing demand for cooling by mechanical means
• Shaping of the built-form for climate matching
• Innovative shading of facades by recessed envelope configuration
• Diversity in envelope fenestration

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“TROPICAL TOWERS”
MENARA MESINIAGA, Malaysia
• Curtain wall glazing: North and South facades
• Aluminium fins and louvers: East and West facades
• Lift lobbies, stair wells & toilets: Natural light and ventilation :East and West facades

Recessed curtain wall glazing Sun-shading details

“TROPICAL TOWERS”
NATIONAL LIBRARY BUILDING, Singapore
• Passive low energy systems
• Passive lighting concepts
• Climate response building orientation
• Climate responsive built form configuration
• Effective facade
• Bioclimatic use of landscaping

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Green Rating of
buildings

What is a green building

Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Green buildings consider the three
dimensions of sustainability, i.e., planet, people and profit across the entire supply chain. This practice
expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high performance building.

Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health
and the natural environment by:

• Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
• Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

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Green building concept in architecture

With increasing concern for environmental impacts of buildings and the quality of their internal
environments has raised the debate as to the role architects should play in the environmental design of
buildings which in particular attention is drawn to the case for the “Green” buildings (Hyde, 2000).

Energy sustainability of green architecture is a major area for study in the context of global warming.
Energy sustainability of building can be seen many ways. However, this scenario may be complex and
contradicts each other. Often these two different aspects of truly green built forms: green interventions
and climate responsive interventions are discussed separately and their interdependency in enhancing
energy sustainability is rarely discussed. Due to misunderstandings the true meanings of these
concepts are blinded by deceptive and misleading misinterpretations.

Green building concept in architecture

In order to accomplish energy saving primarily, the design itself should focus on being “green” rather than
just having added green gadgets. Using supportive green gadgets and equipment later on however, cannot
be totally neglected or rejected as such supportive aspects can further enhance the greenness of the
building and energy efficiency.

The first important way to save energy is

to use less of it, so the first aim is to cut
demand. And the second goal is to supply
power in a manner that is benign, using
renewable energy sources. In addition, the
selection of plant and equipment can
deliver needs for energy more efficiently”
(Hyde, 2000).

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Rating of Green buildings

Green rating system
The main purpose of the green rating system is to encourage the design of buildings in an
environmentally acceptable manner adopting sustainable practices. It is a set of performance
standards used to certify commercial or institutional buildings and residential buildings of all
sizes, both public and private.

What is a green building ( definition of World Green Building Council)

A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative
impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment. Green buildings preserve
precious natural resources and improve our quality of life.There are a number of features which can make a
building ‘green’. These include:
• Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
• Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
• Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
• Good indoor environmental air quality
• Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
• Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
• Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
• A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment

Any building can be a green building, whether it’s a home, an office, a school, a hospital, a community centre,
or any other type of structure, provided it includes features listed above.

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Green rating
systems in the
world

Key green rating systems in summery

Leadership in Multi- Green building rating and U.S. Performance in:
Energy and Attribute certification system through Green • Sustainable Sites
Environmental independent third-party Building • Water Efficiency
Design (LEED) verification for: Council • Energy & Atmosphere
• New Construction (NC) • Materials & Resources
• Existing Buildings, Operations • Indoor Environmental
& Maintenance (EB O&M) Quality
• Commercial Interiors (CI) • Locations & Linkages
• Core & Shell (CS) • Awareness & Education
• Schools (SCH) • Innovation in Design
• Retail • Regional Priority
• Healthcare (HC) through a set of
• Homes prerequisites and
• Neighborhood Development credits
(ND)

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Building Multi- Green building rating and BRE Performance in:

Research Attribute certification system through on- Global • Energy
Establishment site independent third-party • Health & Well-being
Environmental verification for: • Transport
Assessment • New Construction • Water
Method • In-Use • Materials
(BREEAM) • Refurbishment & Fit Out • Waste
communities • Land Use & Ecology
• Infrastructure • Management
• Pollution

No prerequisites for In-Use

Green Globes Multi- Green building guidance and Green Environmental assessment
(USA) Attribute assessment program for: Building areas to earn credits in:
• Existing buildings Initiative • Energy
• New construction in the • Indoor Environment
U.S. • Site
BOMA • Water
Canada • Resources
• Emissions
• Project/Environmental
Management

No prerequisites
Energy Star Multi- Government certification using a U.S. EPA Building energy and water
(USA) Attribute benchmarking method. and U.S. use.
DOE No prerequisites

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BCA Green Multi- Benchmarking scheme that Building and Rates buildings according
Mark Scheme Attribute aims to achieve a sustainable Construction to five key criteria:
(Singapore) built environment by Authority • Energy efficiency
incorporating best practices in (BCA) • Water efficiency
environmental design and • Environmental
construction, and the adoption protection
of green building technologies. • Indoor environmental
quality, and
• Other green and
innovative features
that contribute to
better building
performance.

Beam Multi- Comprehensive standard and Business Performance and

(Hong Kong) Attribute supporting process covering all Environment assessment in:
building types, including mixed Council • Site aspects
use complexes, both new and • Material aspects
existing to assess, improve, • Water use
certify, and label the • Energy use
environmental performance of • Indoor environmental
buildings. quality
• Innovations and
additions
CASBEE Multi- Building assessment tools for JSBC (Japan Assessment areas include:
(Japan) Attribute • Pre-design Sustainable • Energy efficiency
• New Construction Building • Resource efficiency
• Existing Building and Consortium) • Local environment, and
• Renovation and its • Indoor environment
affiliated
sub-
committees

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Green Star SA Multi- Green building rating Green Building Categories assessed in:
(South Africa) Attribute system for: Council of South Management
• Office Africa • Indoor Environmental
• Retail administers Quality
• Multi-unit residential program • Energy
Independent • Transport
assessors to • Water
assess and score • Materials
projects • Land Use & Ecology
• Emissions
• Innovation

Pearl Rating Multi- Green building rating Abu Dhabi Urban Assessment of performance
System for Attribute system for: Planning Council in:
Estidama • Community • Integrated Development
(UAE) • Buildings Process
• Villas • Natural Systems
• Temporary Villas and • Livable Communities
Buildings • Precious Water
• Resourceful Energy
• Stewarding Materials
• Innovating Practice

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GREENSL RATING SYSTEM

GREENSL
RATING
SYSTEM-
Categories

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GREENSL RATING SYSTEM- comparison

LEED-US v3 GREEN STAR- BREEAM-UK, 2008 LEED-INDIA CANADA NC 1.0 GREEN Sri
AUS v3 NCv1 Lanka
Sustainable Sites/ Land use &
23.0% 7.6% 13.3% 18.8% 20.0% 25.0%
Ecology
Water Efficiency 9.1% 11.4% 5.7% 8.7% 7.1% 14.0%
Energy 31.8% 19.0% 20.0% 24.6% 24.3% 22.0%
Materials 12.7% 9.5% 8.6% 18.8% 20.0% 14.0%
Health & Well being/IEQ 13.6% 9.5% 12.4% 15.9% 21.4% 13.0%
Transport - 10.0% 8.6% 21.7%
Emissions/Pollution - 4.8% 10.5% -
Management - 10.0% 13.3% - 4.0%
Innovation 5.45% 4.8% 7.25% 7.1% 4.0%
Other 3.63% 14.3% 7.6% 4.0%
Total Point 100.0% 100.0% 100% 100% 100% 100%

GREENSL RATING TOOL

Eight Categories

Pre-requisites Credits

Intent

Requirement

Points

Rating Achieve
Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum

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GREENSL RATING SYSTEM- certification

70 points
& above

60–69
50–59 points
40–49 points
points

GREENSL RATING SYSTEM- Overview

Available
Chapter No Chapter
Points
01 Management 4
02 Sustainable Sites 25
03 Water Efficiency 14
04 Energy and Atmosphere 22
05 Materials, Resources and Waste Management 14
06 Indoor Environment Quality 13
07 Innovation and Design Process 4
08 Social and Cultural Awareness 4
Total 100

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Chapter 01-
Management

Chapter 02-
Sustainable
Sites

42
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Chapter 03-
Water
Efficiency

Chapter 04-
Energy &
Atmosphere

43
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Chapter 05-
Materials &
resources
and waste
management

Chapter 06-
Indoor
environmental
quality

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Chapter 07-
Innovation &
design process

Chapter 08-
Social &
cultural
awareness

45