LABORATORY oP ART I To the Student: Since a si ERATIONS AND SAFETY ignificant i laboratory, it is important that ihe ee of your training in chemistry will take place in the your first laboratory sess we ion. Thes ‘ing instructions be read carefully before you attend proceduresbut alsohelp you make on st4tons will nat only guide you on proper laboratory laboratory safety. Se of your laboratory time efficiently. They will also promote A, SAFETY RULES: PROTECTING YOURSELF IN THE LABORATORY 1, The laboratory is a Place for seri ITHORIZED EXPERIMENTATION. serious work. DO NOT ATTEMPT ANY UNAU Repor injuries— i port all injuries—no matter how minor—to your instructor immediately. Beware of touching hot glass. Glass cools very slowly and may be very hot without appearing tobe so. Immediately wash the injured area with cold water or have it cooled with an ice pack. Do not point your test tube at your seatmate or yourself when heating substances. Suddenly formed bubbles of vapor may expel the contents violently. When diluting sulfuric acid, pour the acid slowly and carefully into the water, stirring, constantly. NEVER ADD WATER TO THE ACID. Remember the "AA Rule”: “Add Acid to water.” 6. Neutralize spilled acid and bases as follows: + Acid on clothing ~ use dilute ammonia solution. + Base on clothing ~ use dilute acetic acid followed by dilute ammonia solution. + Acid or base on the desktop or floor ~ wash off with plenty of water. Use solid crude sodium bicarbonate to neutralize large amounts of either acid or base. Then wash off the mixture with water. 7. When inserting glass tubing (including thermometers, thistle tubes, and funnels) through a rubber stopper, first lubricate the tube and stopper with water/petroleum jelly, Hold the tube with a cloth near the end where the insertion is to be made and insert the tube with a twisting motion. 8. Never taste a chemical or solution unless directed to do so. When directed to taste a solution, place a minute portion of the solution on a stirring rod, suspend it in the air, and touch it with your tongue. Then wash your mouth with water. 9, When identifying the scent ofa liquid, donot place your face directly over the container. Waft/Fan a little of the vapor towards you by sweeping your hand over the top of the container. xicea ise objectionable gases or vapor, A or otherwise © rovides t} a at where pOSOmON er the hood. The hood provides the suc in an expr oem the OPEN fromthe laboratory. discharged: Ps rove such ase’ ive chemicals, always wear alaboratory gown wh, si a prevent possible accidents, Jong hair and bangs to ir use asafety shower oF use the fire extinguisher. awet blanket. a fire, ing catches if your clothing bench are 13 ; if fire breaks out in th “ IN CASE OF LABORATORY ACCIDENTS, SAFETY RULES: FIRST-AID MEASURES I B caused by di in whi in did not break out, apply butes oa hich the skin did not break out, apply butesin heat in whic For burns caused by dry picrate ointment. i the Skin ; | 7 ae oy with plenty of water, then with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and again with water. For serious acid burs, allow the same procedure and call for medical aid at once, 3. Alkali on the Skin Wash immediately with plenty of water, then with 1% acetic acid solution, and again with water, For eriousalkali burns, follow the same procedure and call for medical aid at once, 4. Bromine on the Skin Wash the affected part immediatel with plenty of li *( then ru glycerine wellont the skin, farechrteane Pele on bein tour cet Aftera short while, Temove the glycerin and apply Sodium on the skinLABORATORY OPERATIONS AND SAFETY 7. Cuts Ifthe cut is a mi MOF One, allow it to bleed fora few seconds. 8lass, see to it that no glass pieces remain lodged in the skin. mt and bandage, Ifthe cut is caused by Then apply a disinfecta For serious cuts, ch | , (eau by using atournincs the bleeding by applying pressure above the injured area ‘niquet). Call for a doctor at once. 8. Eye Accidents In all cases, the patient must See a doctor. a acid in the eye/s, wash the eye/s repeatedly with 1% sodium bicarbonate sol lution. If the acid is concentrated, wash the eye/s with copious amount of water and then with bicarbonate solution, For caustic alkali in the eye/s, wash the eye/s with copious amount of water and then with 1% boric acid solution, For bromine water in the eye/s, wash the eye/s thoroughly with water, then with 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, 9. Fires For burning clothing, prevent the person from running, Let him/her roll on the floor or wrap another piece of clothing around him/her (a laboratory gown or blanket) to cut off the supply of oxygen. For burning chemicals in a beaker or. any other container, cover the mouth of the vessel with a clean damp cloth so that the flame will be put out. For larger flames, sand may be employed. It is advisable to make use of a fire extinguisher and NOT water. 10. Poisons a. Acids If an acid is swallowed, dilute it by drinking plenty of water followed by limewater or Milk of Magnesia. Milk may also be given. Do not give any emetic. b, Caustic Alkali Dilute the acid by drinking plenty of water, followed by vinegar, lemon, or orange juice. Milk may also be given. Do not give any emetic. c. Salts of Heavy Metals If salt of heavy metal is swallowed, one may give milk or raw egg white. d. Arsenic or Mercury Compounds Give an emetic immediately such as one tablespoonful of salt or zinc sulfate in a glass of warm water. an fmAND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION jals in the sink. Place such m ri id waste mater?" onated for such a purpose- ut so" tacles desis a to the drain followed bya liberal amount of water, 0 s and organic solvents directly into a sink. The aterials in solid waste 1, Never P! i spet containers or ° ns pour aqueous liquids directly 2 ution: + aqueous SON terials. 3, Never pour mo provides container for such mal laboratory sual) P dissolved slid in aliquid, decant the liquid into a trash u jgamixture ofan © _fthewastelsamit ye ina designated receptacle. ; resid container and set ae designated waste bottle. DO NOT POUR such st | Corrosive reagents mu: : GENTS INTO THE SINK. re med in the laboratory, always make sure that the experiment perfo : are an have occupied is left clean and spotless for the next laboratory class. D. LABORATORY GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS To the Student: Below are the implementing guidelines and regulations observed in the laboratory especially during experiments. These are for strict implementation so be sure that ‘you understand all of them. fsome items are not clear to you, ask your respective instructor. Eating, smoking, as well as bringing in audio equipment (with or without earphones) are STRICTLY NOT allowed inside the laboratory, . Students are allowed to work in the laboratory only during their officially scheduled laboratory period. No unauthorized overtime is allowed. Donot take the reagent bottles from the side shelves to your desk. Carry liquids in clean vials, test tubes, or beakers; carry solids in clean beakers or w. yr on smal 7 7 4 solids in clean b " 's or watch glasses o1 i 1. Read the label twice before taking anything from the bottles. . Use alittle reagent as is conven; are usually sufficient in test t lent to perform your experiment. Two or three milliliters ube experiments, NEVER return unu sed i containers, chemicals tothe stock bottles, Throw these in their respective DONOT INSERT You REAGENT Bort LES. Pou Possible contaminatio, F Out the sol R OWN Pip; ETTES, MEDICINE DROPPERS, OR SYRINGES INTO THE lution instead i , 4 MOF the stock solution: od i Clean vials, This will avotd any ge z 2TY LABORATORY OPERATIONS AND SAFE’ 9. Do not heat graduated cylinders ily. Test tubes may break if ° 5; they break easily. Te heated above the level of the liquid H fd aaa dishes and crucibles may be heated red hot, ifnecessary, . se ansmterst gisen burners, burettes, and other tems borrowed from the laboratory counter at the end of every laboratory period, 11, Make sure that you leave your Pieces id dry inside your respective of glassware clean and dry group locker at the end of each laboratory period. Wash and wipe the desktop so that itwill be clean for the next class, cs Sste Paper in the waste can. NEVER THROW MATCHES, PIECES Put all solids and w, OF LITMUS PAPER, OR ANY SoLip INSOLUBLE CHEMICALS IN THE SINK. Place used i e bottles provided, See to it that your lockers are Properly padlocked before leaving the room. Many incidents of loss have Occurred due to padlocks left open. All members of the group MUST have a duplicate key tothe groupe padlock. 14. When borrowing laboratory items from the counter, surrender to the laboratory technician your ID card together with a % sheet of Paper containing the list of items 13, 18. Donet pay for any losses, breakages, or repairs of apparatus to any laboratory or office 16. Keep all your student copies of the Laboratory Division fort accounts in the future, WV. Notify the Laboratory Division Office immediately ifyou intend todrop any laboratory subject/course,PART Il yy COURSE POLICIES, OR LABORATO" ND GRADING SYSTEM nce ; 4. Attendai necked at the start of each meeting for the entire duration . a ‘Attendance will be cl the course. ‘a, ABSENCES ‘A student should not exceed a total of 4 absences (12 hours) in the laboratory. A grade of FA (Failure due to Absences) will be given if the saig limit is exceeded. b. TARDINESS Three marks for coming late to class will be equivalent to one absence, 2, Special Examination during the First and Second ‘A student can take only ONE special examination Grading Periods. No special quizzes will be given during the Third Grading Period. The scope of the Long Special Examination will cover topics discussed from the beginning of the quarter. a. Long examination A request for a special examination with its corresponding reason/s and supporting documents (e.g., medical certificate) must be forwarded to the Subject Coordinator by the student concerned within five days upon returning to class, The Subject Coordinator will then schedule a special examination. Failure on the part of the student to take the scheduled pe Es a justified reason will result in a grade 20% less than the eae peel that particular: examination (this is not applicable during pes in Examination). During the Third Grading Examination, Incomplete) shall be given. 6. Quizzes Mis: i queens oald be requested as soon as possible, A make-UP Point deduction for rs adeduction of 5 points and a corresponding one the seeded rea roe? succeeding day that follows from the time of duizillresultinage me of the student to take the scheduled make-up allowed to take one rade of zero for that particular test. A student is only special quiz per semester. xvi————— LAsor atop Y COURSE poLIcIES. PROCEDURES. AND GRADING SYSTEM © Grading system Lecture Laboratory Me TOTAL 100% B. LABORATORY COURSE REQUIREMEN Ts 1. Individual Requirements Laboratory i (astrame, tals of neces + Laboratory manual Laboratory safety goggles * Black/blue and red writing pen * Pencil with eraser * White board marker Hair pins (to clip bangs whose length is BELOW eyebrow level) or headbands, rubber bands or hair net for ladies 2. Group Requirements + Ipc. padlock with key (all members of the group must have a duplicate key) + 1pce.5"x 8” index card * 1 pc. long clip folder (without cover) + Ipc. ruler (12 inches) + 1 pair of scissors + 1pe. stapler with staple wires + 1pe. permanent marker (black) + 1 pc. masking tape (% inch wide) * 2rolls tissue paper + 2pes. rags + 2pcs. hand towel + 1 bottle 500 mL. 70% alcohol + Detergent powder in ajar or liquid detergent + Scrub sponge + Hand soap (with germicidal action) ina soap case or antibacterial hand-washing liquid‘STEM ES. AND GRADING sy gE POLICIES pRoceDUR COUR! LABORATORY mn balls . od ai ne of matches or 1 big box of matches 3 smali bo lips ides and cover s! . . 12 pes. glass — mouth transparent vials with cover 12 pes. 50-mL Ww! ials with cover tes oe oe (with at least 6 rubber bulbs) e e ann graduation (medicine dropper) pes. ish can the ae es box (preferably shoe box for males) 5 pcs. 5-mL syringe with gauge 21 needle 5 pcs. 5-ml syringe with gauge 23 needle 5 pcs. Vacutainer* tube (lavender top) 5 pcs. Vacutainer® tube (red top) 20 pcs. plastic stirrer with spoon (white) C. LABORATORY FLOW OF ACTIVITIES To the Student: The followin; i are the steps to be undertaken in the laboratory before, during, and after the conduct/performance of tl these steps as advanced he experiments, Familiarize yourself with work in a cycle, conducted, The activities j in the laboratory and students are expected to anticipate them, Finally, carefully read the experiment/discussion to be performed/conducted before you come to the laboratory. 1, Pre-laboratory Preparation You are required to complete the Pre-laboratory Review Sheet found before the Post-laboratory Data and Report sh You begin your laborat ‘Ory wor to specific te to allo ime because your Periment/s as nee, ®: Make sure you arrive additional structions for the ex, Ifa, discussion, is S scheduled; sour Pedi instead ofan exPetiment, make sure that youhave read — repar, i i i en Tn about the Concept for the first time. 'W You to collect data in 3 hours laboratory instructor will provide ded, (in, La——— Laborato, ®Y COURSE POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND GRADING SISTEM 2. Experiment/Discussion Prope r The procedures of of the group. The groi members will take t experiment no. 1, mei aie whole experiment are usually divided among the members P leader of that certain experiment assigns the division. All “MS as group leader (eg., member number 1 is assigned to At ‘mber number 2is assigned to experiment no. 2, and so on), ee — fompleted Your assigned procedure, you must submit your actual Post-laborat ©-8» Solutions, precipitate, residue) with your accomplished ntory Data and Report sheet which contains the following information that must be completed: Your complete name, block and group number, the specific abjective/s of your assigned procedure/s and the observation/s data youhave gathered. Attach these sheets to your clip folder when presenting your results. 3. Post-laboratory Conference Alaboratory conference is conducted the following meeting after every experiment has been performed. Topics that do not require an experiment are usually tackled after the previous experiment’s laboratory conference. There are 10 topics to be discussed per semester. The topicis picked out by the group at the start of the semester. Two topics are usually assigned per group. ‘Twenty four hours before the scheduled laboratory conference, copies of the written report must be given to ALL the members of the class (i.e., Groups 1-5 and Groups 6-10) to enable them to read the proceedings in advance and to prepare questions about item/s which needs/need clarification/s during the actual oral report. Before the actual oral report begins, the reporter group submits the ORIGINAL copy of their written report to their respective instructors following the format of the report given below. NO WRITTEN REPORTS WILL BE ACCEPTED DURING OR AFTER THE ORAL REPORT. Group members who did not contribute in the formulation of the written report must be reported to the professor concerned. This must be clearly noted in the written report's title page. 4. Quizzes There will be a maximum of 3 quizzes per grading period. These quizzes are all scheduled at a specified date. Students who will have a conflict of schedule with their quizzes because of unforeseen family matters/school extracurricular activities must consult their respective instructor for a change in the date of the quiz prior to the original schedule given to the class.S. AND GRADING SYSTEM —_ y COURSE POLICIES. PROCEDURES. AND R) LABORATOF ES AND FORMAT OF THE WRITTEN REPORT ORTELA ORATORY Contig D. GUIDELINI nn short bond paper (size: 8.5” x 1 ° ae Ln ts line spacing: double; font type: Arial; font size: 12 points 2. Format: lis : 3. Parts of the written report a, Title Page - / i, Number and Title of Experiment or Topic ii, Names of Members iii, Section and Group Number b. Introduction ©. Forevery procedure |. Objectives Presentation of results iii, Discussion/Interpretation of, Tesults (with answers to study guide questions incorporated in the discussion) d. References 5 Online journal article critique paper Choose an available online Journal article related to your assigned experiment, © @ one-page critique or evaluation of. your chosen article, Sites of articles can be downloaded through the fol lowing: www.ebsco.com or www.sciencedirect.com, The articles are available FREE of, charge from the UST CENTRAL LIBRARY. Submit the Journal article and critique Paper together with the written report, E. GUIDELINES IN PREPARING YouR Strictly follow the following for a. Title page POWERPOINT PRESENTATION That: . Objectives ofthe experiment actual picty, : res taken during the experiment sults Discussion of results (c * Procedures with . Experimental res eens computations, 8raphs, etc,) 's Must be incorporated inthe discussion.Dis STRUCTURE — FUN CUSSION NO. 1 CTION RELATIONSHIP OF CELLULAR PARTS INTRODUCTION One of the most important course of life. Studying about life requires ex, perspective. In addition, all biology st S in any health sciences program is biology—the study plorations from a global (macroscopic) to a microscopic ; ‘udies need chemistry since all living things are made up of the same building blocks—around 25 elements from the periodic table—and depend on the same biochemical processes in order to survive (Campbell, Williamson, & Heyden, 2009). As the structure of anatom determines the chemical properties of an element, so othe molecules of life ~carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—determine the structure as well as function ofa part ofa cell. Understanding how a cell functions will make you better understand how an organ or an organ system works in your later study of human physiology. GENERAUOBJECTIVE Atthe end of the laboratory discussion, the students should be familiar with the organization and classification of living cells as well as with the structure and function of the different cellular parts that work in harmony to sustain cellular survival. TOPICAWOUTLINE/OF/DISCUSSION A. Six Levels of Organization of Living Things 1, Chemical Level 2. Cell Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level, 5. Organ System Level 6. Organism Level B. The Cell Theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann (1839) C. Prominent Scientists Involved in the Systematic Classification of Living Things: 1. Carl von Linné - Binomial Nomenclature 2. Robert Whittaker - 5-Kingdom System 3. Carl Woese - Domains of Life (Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea) 4. Lynn Margulis - The Endosymbiotic Theory ©. Similarities and Differences of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes,oo STRUCTURE FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF CELLULAR PARTS E, Chemical Structure and Function, of Eukaryotic cells 1. The Cell Wall and Cell Membrane a. The fluid mosaic model b, Transport across the plasma membrane * The proteins of | the plasma membrane * Types of animal cell ; 'a, Fimbriae, Pili, and Pseudopod (False feet) 5. Glycocalyx: Capsules, slime layer 3. The Nucleus a. Nuclear envelope b. Nucleolus ¢. Chromosomes and DNA replication 4, The Endomembrane System: a, Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi bodies ¢. Vesicles 5. Other Membrane-bound Organelles a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Lysosomes 6 Ribosomes a. The synthesis of proteins: Transcription and translation