Lesson 1:

- Ratio and Extended Ratios: A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. An

extended ratio is a comparison of three or more quantities by division.
Ex. 5 to 7, 5 : 7, and 5/7 are ratios.
3:5:6 is an extended ratio.

- Proportions and Extended Proportion: A proportion is a statement that two ratios are
equal. An extended proportion is a statement that three or more ratios equal.
Ex. x/5 = ¾ is a proportion.
9/27 = 3/9 = ⅓ is an extended proportion.

- Extremes of a proportion: in the proportion a/b = c/d, a and d are extremes.

Ex. The product of the extremes of x/4 = x+3/2 is 2x.

- Means of Proportions: In the proportion a/b = c/d, b and c are the means.
Ex. The product of the means of x/4 = x+3/2 is 4(x+3) or 4x + 12.

- Cross Products Property: The product of the extremes of a proportion is equal to the
product of the means.
Ex. If x/3 = 12/21, then 21x = 3*12.

- Understanding: You can write a ratio to compare two quantities.

- a, b, c, and d do not equal 0.

Lesson 2:

- Similar Figures: Similar figures are two figures that have the same shape, but not
necessarily the same size.
Ex.

ΔDEF and ΔGHI are similar.

- Similar Polygons: Are polygons having corresponding angles congruent and the lengths
of corresponding sides proportional.
Ex.
 ΔJKL ~ ΔMNO
Scale factor = ⅖

- Scale Factor: Is the ratio of corresponding linear measurements of two similar figures.
Ex.

ΔABC ~ ΔDEF
AB/DE = BC/EF = CA/FD

- Scale Drawing: Is a drawing in which all lengths are proportional to corresponding actual
lengths.
Ex.

Scale: 1in. = 30 ft.

- Scale: Is the ratio of any length in a scale drawing to the corresponding actual length. The
lengths may be in different units.
Ex.
1 cm to 1 ft.
1 cm = 1 ft.
1 cm : 1 ft

- Understanding: You can use ratios and proportions to decide whether two polygons are
similar and to find unknown side lengths of similar figures.

Lesson 3:
 - Angle-Angle Similarity Postulate: If two corresponding angles are congruent, then the
two associated triangles are similar.
- Side-Side-Side Similarity Theorem: If all the ratios of each of the three corresponding
sides are equal, then the two triangles are similar.
- Side-Angle-Side Similarity Theorem: If the ratio of two corresponding sides is equal to
the ratio of two other corresponding sides, and if the angle between these sides is
congruent, then the two triangles are similar.

- Naming angles:

- Angles are classified by their measure. An acute angle has a measure less than 90°.

- A right angle measures exactly 90°. The angles in a square are right angles. Sometimes right
angles are even called square angles.

- An obtuse angle has a measure greater than 90° but less than 180°.

- A straight angle measures exactly 180°. It looks like a straight line.

- There is a special name for lines that intersect to form right angles. They are called
perpendicular lines.

Lesson 4:

- When an altitude (a perpendicular from an angle to the side across from it) is dropped
from the right angle of a right triangle, similar triangles are formed. This altitude
becomes the geometric mean because it is the long leg of one of the similar triangles and
the short leg of another triangle.
- Remember that in a right triangle, the altitude drawn to the hypotenuse is the geometric
mean between the lengths of the hypotenuse segments that were created by the
intersection of the altitude.
 - Then, given the image of the right triangle with the altitude labeled c, the geometric mean
produces the following proportion: a/c = c/b.
- When the altitude of a right triangle is drawn to the hypotenuse, the hypotenuse is
separated in such a way that the original right triangle is separated into two smaller right
triangles. Each of the legs of the large right triangle becomes the hypotenuse of one of the
smaller right triangles. A relationship is formed such that the length of a new hypotenuse
is the geometric mean of the length of its adjacent segment of the original hypotenuse and
the entirety of the original hypotenuse.
- Note that the entire hypotenuse is the expression (a+b) in the labeled drawing above.
Therefore, these geometric means—one for each leg—give us the proportions a/d = d/a+b
and b/e = e/a+b.
- Another way to think of this is to recognize that in the image above, segments d, c, and e
each have two roles: Segment d is the short leg of the original triangle and the hypotenuse
of the small triangle. Segment c is the long leg of the small triangle and the short leg of
the large triangle. Segment e is the long leg of the original triangle and the hypotenuse of
the large triangle. Now think of the proportion in such a way that each ratio is a different
triangle:
a (short leg)/d (hypotenuse) = d (short leg)/ a+b (hypotenuse)

Lesson 5:

- The Side-Splitter Theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one of the sides of a triangle and
intersects both of the other sides, then the line splits the sides into proportional segments.
Ex.

The proportional segments set up the proportion a/b = c/d.

- Corollary to the Theorem: If three parallel lines are drawn, and two other arbitrary lines
that intersect the three parallel lines are also drawn, then the segments made by the
intersection of any two lines drawn through these parallel lines will be proportional.
Ex.
 These segments set up the proportion a/b = c/d.

- The Triangle-Angle-Bisector Theorem: If a ray bisects an angle of a triangle, then it

divides the opposite side of that triangle into two segments that are proportional to the
other two sides of the triangle.
Ex.

In the triangle shown, ∠ACB is bisected and AB is divided into two segments, AD and
DB. These two segments are proportional to the other two sides, AC and BC, creating the
proportion AD/DB = AC/BC.