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Basiic 1
Basiic 1
Noun : Kata Benda ciri-ciri : The (spesifik), a/an (general), some, many, few, one, two etc
(Determiner/article)
Aturan:
isn’t = is not
Alumnus
goose vs geese
Phenomena vs Phenomenon
The data which is shown by the table gives information on Ice cream sold in Jambi.
The table gives information on Ice cream sold in Jambi.
Buku itu dijual kemarin. The book was sold yesterday.
Rina menjual buku itu sekarang. Rina is selling the book now.
- Have (Have-had-had-having) + V3 (sudah)/Noun (punya)
Ex:
aku sudah membeli baju. (have / has v3)
aku sudah membeli baju minggu lalu. (v2 memiliki waktu tertentu)
Apakah kamu sudah pernah melihat jerapah? (udah atau belum) present perfect
Have you seen a giraffe?
i have seen a giraffe.
SAYA SUDAH KE JOGJA 5X.
Saya ke Jogja tahun lalu.
apakah kemarin kamu melihat jerapah? (waktu tertentu lampau) simple past / v2
did you see a giraffe yesterday?
I have owned this house since 2006.
I have swept the floor.
I have a book. (Noun)
I had a book.
The school (have/has) a serious problem.
Some serious mistakes (has/have) been made by them.
They have made some serious mistakes.
They have been made by some serious mistakes.
- Modal + Verb asli/ bare inf (Verb tanpa perubahan atau tambahan)
Present
Will/Shall/Can/May/Must (Semua subjek)
Past
Would/Should/Could/Might/had to (Semua subjek)
2. Main Verb
- V1 (me/aktif) -> Fakta, Kebiasaan, Statement
- passive form : is am are + v3
ciri: usually, sometimes, rarely, mainly, normally, mostly, often, once in …, two times in a ..,
etc
She/He/it (singular)= S + V1 +Es/S | does not + v1 | does + S + v1?
I/You/They/We (plural) = S + V1 | do not + v1 | do + S + v1?
In 2005, the amount of the fuel (Rose/Risen). (V1 -> Rise, V2 -> Rose, V3 ->Risen)
Last month Jojo (take / took / taken) the course.
Last month the course was taken by Jojo.
The cat (examined/was examined) by the vet three days ago.
Three days ago the vet examined the cat.
The tables showed the result of mining exports in Vietnam in 2000.
The result of mining exports in Vietnam was shown in the tables.
The book was took by Intan.
Talita didn’t took the book.
Did Talita take the book?
The paper has been (Be) printed (V3) since I came. (Benar)
They have eaten the fried chicken. (Benar)
I gone there with my family. (Salah)
I have gone there with my family.
I went there with my family.
Tenses
Patokan tenses!
future cont : will + (bare inf + to be) + ving -> will +be +ving
besok jam 4 aku udah ngumpulin pr. . Future + perfect + cont = will +( bare inf + have) + (V3 + to be )+
ving
-> will + have + been + ving = I will have been writing the paper for a week by the end of this week.
i will have been writing the paper for one week tomorrow at 4 pm.
present perf cont : have / has + (v3 + to be) + ving = have/has + been + ving
Simple past (pasif) : to be + v3 -> was/were + v3, the book was brought by Chindi.
Simple Future (aktif) : will + v asli , Chindi will bring the book.
Simple future (pasif) : will + v asli + to be + v3 -> will + be + v3, The book will be brought by Chindi.
Future perfect: will + v asli + have + v3 -> will + have + v3, Chindi will have brought the book.
Future perfect pasif : Will +(v asli + have )+ (v3 + to be)+ v3 -> will + have + been + v3. The book will
have been brought by Cindi.
Fara will have been phoned by her friend by the time we come.
Fara will not have been phoned by her friend by the time we come
Will fara have been phoned by her friend by the time we come?
Note :
Tanya : Aux+S+V?
Tenses:
1. Simple Present : V1 + es/s atau S +to be+ N/Adj, atau is/am/are, Membicarakan fakta,
statement, kebiasaan
She/he/it -> V1 + Es/s
I/You/they/we -> V1
? - > Do/does + v asli
Ex. They rarely study.
Do they rarely study?
Fajri takes a bath twice a day.
I don’t eat fish.
She doesn’t bring the book.
Does she bring the book?
You are so kind.
She is very lovely.
The sun rises in the east.
2. Present Cont: To be + Ving -> Is/am/are + Ving, Membicarakan momen saat itu,
kejadian/proses yang sedang terjadi.
Ex. I am studying math.
We are studying IELTS.
3. Present Perfect: Have + V3 -> Have/has + N,
Have/has + been + V3
Membicarakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi/selesai, kejadian yang berlangsung terus2an,
kejadian yang masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
time signal : since + time/v2, for + duration, yet, never, ever, recently.
Have : I/You/They/we/plural
Has : He/She/it/singular
Ex. I have sold my book.
My book has been sold.
She has sung the song since I came.
He has listened to the song for thousand times.
I have lived here since 2008.
i have helped my mom.
She has sent the letter.
4. Present perf. cont: Have + V3 + To be + Ving -> Have + been +Ving, Membicarakan kejadian
yang sudah terjadi, kejadiaan yang berlangsung terus2an,kejadian yang masih berlangsung
hingga sekarang namun memiliki durasi
Ex : I have been working on my paper for 2 hours.
I have been living here for 8 years.
She has been singing for one hour.
5. Simple Past : V2 atau was/were,Membicarakan kejadian masa lampau yang sudah selesai. Ada
kata-kata seperti “in/on/at + waktu lampau, before,last, …. ago, yesterday, etc”
Aux : did + v asli
Ex: He went to university in 2002
He did not go to university in 2003
Did he go to university in 2003?
They were called as “Pandas” before.
6. Past Cont : Was/Were + Ving -> Membicarakan kejadian masa lalu yang terjadi di waktu
tertentu. Biasanya ada ciri-ciri “ when+v2/ waktu lampau+ jam”
Ex: I was cooking when my mom called me.(Saat dipanggil masih memasak)
He was playing video game yesterday at 7 am.
7. Past Perf : Had + V3 -> Membicarakan kejadian di masa lalu yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum
kejadian masa lalu lainnya. 2 kejadian masa lampau yg berurutan/berturut-turut
Biasanya ada kata “ by + waktu lampau – before/after + v2 – when+v2 (berurutan)
Kemarin saya sarapan sebelum belajar. I had breakfast before I studied. | First I had
breakfast, and then I studied.
setelah sarapan, saya mulai belajar
saya mulai belajar setelah sarapan kemarin.
After Dilla had ironed the clothes, she washed the other clothes.
● Note : tenses ini bisa diganti dengan “ S+To be+ Ving/S+to be+ going to + Verb asli”
● to be + being + v3
● to be + going to + be + v3
The factory will have been demolished. (rencana dgn waktu spesifik)
10. Future Cont : will + be + ving -> Menceritakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan pada
waktu tertentu. Ciri-ciri “ waktu masa depan + jam “
Ex. Elga will be finishing her homework tomorrow at 9 am.
Dahayu will be performing the dance at this time next week.
11. Future perfect : will+have+V3 -> menceritakan kejadian yang akan selesai di masa depan.
Ihsan will have finished his homework by the end of this week.
Dahayu will have danced the new choreography by the end of the day.
12. Future perf. Cont : Will+have+been+ving -> Menceritakan kejadian dengan durasi tertentu
yang akan selesai di masa akan datang
Salsa and Lasma will have been editing the magazine for one week by the end of this day.
Dahayu will have been dancing at the new studio for two hours by the end of the day.
AT (specific) certain places, restaurant, school, hospital etc, time (09.00, etc)
That (itu/ far from you, singular) vs Those (itu/ far from you, plural)
those pen.
Conditional Sentences:
If + S + V1/Is/Am/Are + O, S + Will/Can/May/Shall/Must + V1
If the government makes regulations about the parking lot, it can help to reduce the traffic congestion.
If + S + were + O, S+Would/Could/Might/Should + V1