Assumption

1. The soil is isotropic and homogeneous(

has both internal friction and

LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE

cohesion)
2. The friction resistance is uniformly
Assumption
distributed along the rupture surface,

and the soil-to-soil friction coefficient

1. The soil is isotropic and is f=tan.(rupture surface = plane
homogeneous. (all parameter have surface)
same value : c, φ and γ) 3. The failure wedge is a rigid body that is
2. The surface of the ground is plane being translated. (Failure = Consider a
and critical shear surface is a bit LATERAL unit interior slice from an infinitely
concave upward long wall as a
EARTH
3. The normal resultant and shear plane strain problem)
forces in an angle parallel to the PRESSURE
ground surface.

Coulomb's Theory
Rankine's Theory

Passive Condition
Active Condition

Active Condition Passive Condition 1. when the retaining wall moves

1. The wedge of soil behind the wall is
assume as free body
2. if soil is homogeneous : - Pa/b =
greatest when the surface is inclined
at an angle of (45+φ/2 ) from the
horizontal
1. When the retaining wall moves away
from the soil it is called as active against the soil it is called as passive
1. The shear force acting along the pressure(K= Ka) pressure(K= Kp)
wedge's base acts in the opposite 2. When the earth pressure against 2. when the earth pressure against
direction. basement walls it is at rest basement walls it is called at rest
2. Critical angle is (45 - φ/2) from the pressure(K=Ko) pressure(K=Ko)
horizontal