The PLACENTA is rich oxygenated blood wherein it will pass through the

umbilical vein and the DUCTUS VENOSUS is going to help shunt the rich
oxygenated nutrient rich blood. So it enters in to INFERIOR VENA CAVA
that drains blood to the lower part of the body . So this blood going to
flow up and enter the right atrium and the rich oxygenated blood is
going to flow on the left side via FORAMEN OVALE. FORAMEN OVALE is
a hole that connects right atrium and left atrium because the blood is
already rich oxygenated so the blood doesn’t have to under go to the
right ventricle.
*SUPERIOR VENA CAVA flows in deoxygenated blood going down to
right atrium and hit the right ventricle. And the blood is going to be
mixed (oxygenated and deoxygenated blood) and going pumped up
throughout the PULMONARY ARTERTY and be shunted away by
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS. IT SHUNTED TO PULMONARY ARTERY TO AORTA.

HOW ARE THESE STRUCTURES ABLE TO ALLOW BLOOD TO BE SHUNTED

FROM RIGHT ATRIUM TO LEFT ATRIUM?
-well there’s a PRESSURE DIFFERENCE. The lungs are non functional so
the resistance is really high because there’s a fluid in there. Because we
have that pressure difference this allows oxygenated blood to easily
flow through FORAMEN OVALE and hit the left side. And it allows the
blood to just flow up through the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS into the aorta,
because it’s easier for blood to flow from a higher resistance to a lower
resistance
-The majority of the mixed blood is going down through the AORTA
specifically the DESCENDING AORTA
-We have INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY which connect to umbilical arteries
which carry the DEOXYGENATED BLOOD and were gonna get it back to
Mama who is going to remove the waste and help replenish it.
-So the cycle will keep going over and over
-AFTER BIRTH THOSE PRESSURES ARE GOING TO CHANGE AND THAT IS
WHAT REALLY AFFECTS TO OUR SHUNTS AND HELPS THEM STILL
CLOSE OFF.
-So one things they do after baby is born is they cut the umbilical cord,
so we are stopping this whole transfer of blood flow back and forth
-And the resistance will drop and become a lot lower on the right side
compared to the left side. Shunting of the blood we don’t need because
of the changed of the pressure, and it will going to help OVALE CLOSE.
-And now we need blood to go and do its job. On the right we need to
majority up through the pulmonary artery and hit those lungs
-WE’VE ALSO REMOVE PLACENTA, Placenta produces
PROSTAGLANDINS and this vessel is really sensitive to
PROSTAGLANDINS so when we cut that out we decrease the
prostaglandins that’s gonna help close this DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS.
-PLUS THE BABY’S BREATHING ON THEIR OWN OXYGEN LEVELS ARE UP
AND SO WE DON’T NEED THAT STRUCTURE ANYMORE