T Series Tier 4B Final

Loader Backhoe

Brake System
URSO F./03/2018
Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 2

Brake System Overview .................................................................................................................. 3

Brake Lines and Connections ...................................................................................................... 4

Transmission Brake Line Connections ........................................................................................ 6

Tandem Master Cylinder and Pedal Adjustments ...................................................................... 7

Tandem Brake Master Cylinder and Booster Operation ................................................................ 7

At Rest ......................................................................................................................................... 8

Generating Master Cylinder Pressure/Volume .......................................................................... 9

Holding Pressure At Brakes ....................................................................................................... 10

Release of Brakes ...................................................................................................................... 11

Kneepoint .................................................................................................................................. 11

Tandem Master Cylinder and Booster Hydraulic Schematic ........................................................ 12

Brake Bleeding Procedure ............................................................................................................ 13

Brake System Testing .................................................................................................................... 14

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CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Brake System Overview

The T series loader backhoe uses two wet multi-disc brake packs located at the right and left
outer wheel ends of the rear drive axle. These brakes are located inboard of the planetary
reduction final drives, and are cooled and lubricated by the rear drive axle fluid.

These brakes are hydraulically applied by pistons which clamp the rotating brake friction discs,
which are splined to the axle shaft, to the separator plates, which are held stationary to the
rear axle housing. Hydraulic force to actuate the pistons is supplied by a power assisted
tandem master cylinder located behind the cab firewall, and connected to the rear axle via
hydraulic tube lines and flexible hoses. The tandem master cylinder is actuated by two foot
pedals, one for the right hand wheel brake and one for the left hand wheel brake, at the
operator station. These two pedals are able to be locked together for uniform braking.

The tandem master cylinder is supplied pressurized fluid from the transmission through an
external hose at the transmission control valve, and uses this transmission charge pump
pressure to boost the master cylinder piston force when the brakes are activated.

The tandem master cylinder is self bleeding and excess fluid and air are bled from the system
via a line which returns to the transmission sump. However, air which is in the brake lines going
to the axle, and the brake pistons must be manually bled from the system.

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Axle Brake Wheel End Components

Automatic slack Brake piston Brake piston Brake piston,

adjusters with carrier (remains o-ring seals pushes inward
Bellville return stationary) to apply brakes
springs, 3 per
brake piston

Axle shaft, second

set of short splines
is for brake discs.

Planetary final Brake friction disc, Brake separator plate, 2

reduction 2 per side, splined per side, float on dowel
wheel end. to axle shaft pins in axle housing

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CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Brake Lines and Connections

Fluid supply hose

Wheel End Detail
(from transmission
Bleeder control valve)
screw

Fluid return hose

(to transmission
sump)

Left and right

brake lines

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Transmission Brake Line Connections

Brake fluid supply hose

to master cylinder
(Powershift H-type trans
shown, others similar)

Brake fluid return hose

from master cylinder
(Powershift H-type trans
shown, others similar)

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 CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Tandem Master Cylinder and Pedal Adjustments

Adjust pedal height stop bolts to

achieve a pedal height from the steel
floor of 90 – 92mm (3.54 – 3.62 inch)
on units without a rubber floor mat,
or 110 – 112mm (4.33 – 4.41 inch) on
units with a rubber floor mat. Left
and right pedal height dimensions
should be identical.

Adjust master cylinder

pushrod threaded clevis for
a free pedal travel of 1 – 3
mm (.040 - .120 inch), left
and right side free pedal
travel adjustments should
be identical.

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Tandem Brake Master Cylinder and Booster Operation

At Rest
Referring to the attached booster diagram, the booster is shown in the rest position. The supply
pressure is held within the booster between the piston PTFE seals, in the boost pressure inlet
holes and between the plunger forward and rearward PTFE seals. The master cylinder chamber
is vented to atmosphere via the self bleed hole which is connected to the recuperation
chamber and then to tank. All internals are held in the rest position by their respective springs.

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CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Generating Master Cylinder Pressure/Volume

When the pushrod is urged forward it moves the plunger forward within the piston since the
preload of the small plunger return spring is far less than that of the piston return springs. The
plunger rearward PTFE seal passes over the boost pressure inlet holes and they crack open
allowing boost pressure into the boost chamber. Simultaneously, the forward plunger PTFE
seals cover up the used oil outlet holes, thus preventing boost pressure escaping to the
recuperation chamber. This trapped boost pressure acts across area 1 and annulus 2 urging the
piston forward. The master cylinder PTFE seal shown just behind the self bleed hole passes over
the hole pushing a small amount of air/oil that may be in the chamber since air will rest in the
top slot by the self bleed hole, and then the PTFE seal seals the master cylinder chamber from
the recuperation chamber. As soon as a pressure is registered here the check valve seals off and
allows pressure build up in the master cylinder chamber. As volume is required, the piston and
plunger move forward displacing master cylinder chamber oil to the brakes.

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Holding Pressure At Brakes

To create the desired pressure at the brakes the booster balances all the forces in equilibrium.
The force generated across the master cylinder area acts backward through the piston. This is
balanced by the boost pressure acting across area 1 and annulus 2 and the correct boost
pressure required to do this is controlled by the tight tolerance and relativity of the boost inlet
and outlet holes to plunger forward and rearward PTFE seals. In the balanced position, the
position of the plunger is such that the boost pressure hole is just closed and the oil outlet hole
is just closed, thus trapping a pressure in the boost chamber. This force is balanced at the foot
by the boost pressure acting back on the plunger area. Boost ratio = main piston area/plunger
area (572/25.42= 5), so 5x the input force on the plunger can be achieved at the master cylinder.
If more output pressure is required, then the foot exerts more force at the plunger and moves
is forward slightly letting in more boost pressure, up to the maximum supply available from the
vehicle. Conversely if less is required the foot releases force and the plunger moves rearwards
allowing boost pressure to escape. This process happens almost instantaneously as the booster
“feathers” in the equilibrium position altering it’s fine position several times a second.

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CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Release of Brakes
When the foot is released the force on the plunger is greater in the rearward direction and the
plunger hence moves backward fully opening the used oil holes. The piston then moves
backwards under the spring load since the boost pressure decays to zero and forces the
expended oil into the recuperation chamber and back to tank. This ensures the recuperation
chamber remains full of oil to allow for self bleeding. The small quantity of air/oil expelled from
the master cylinder chamber when it is first stroked is then replaced by oil as soon as the self
bleed hole is opened to the master cylinder chamber as the piston moves back to its rest
position. By this process, each time the booster is stroked it will automatically self bleed itself.

Kneepoint
The kneepoint is the point when the output force across the master cylinder area is equal to the
full supply pressure acting across area 1 and annulus 2. Any more pressure required at the
master cylinder is generated by push-through of the plunger onto area 1 and straight through
to the piston and then master cylinder chamber. This is also how the failed boost operation
works upon supply pressure failure.

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Tandem Master Cylinder and Booster Hydraulic Schematic

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CASE T-Series TLB Tier B Final Brakes

Brake Bleeding Procedure

1. Raise the machine up with the stabilizers at full height. Support back end of machine
with appropriate stands.

2. Remove rear wheels.

3. Attach clear brake bleeding hoses to the LH and RH bleeding ports.

4. Loosen LH and RH brake bleeders.

5. Start engine and leave at low idle. Ensure that the transmission oil level is correct.

6. Fully stroke both pedals together 15 times.

7. Fully stroke the RH pedal individually until clear columns of oil without air bubbles are
observed in the clear plastic tube. Close RH bleeder.

8. Repeat for LH side.

9. Verify that the park brake is not engaged. Ensure that the service brakes will stop both
rear wheels with the tractor in 2nd gear at 1500 RPM with the brake pedal pads 30 mm
(1.181 in) above the top of the floor plate 37 mm (1.457 in) above the top of the floor
plate for units that will be equipped with a rubber floor mat). If the service brakes do
not stop the wheels as noted above, open each bleeder and repeat steps 7 and 8 until
columns of oil without air bubbles are observed in the LH and RH bleeder hoses. Verify
that the service brakes hold the tractor in 2nd gear at 1500 RPM as noted above.

10. Shut engine off.

11. Remove brake bleeding hoses.

12. Replace covers on LH and RH brake bleeders.

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Brakes CASE T-Series TLB Tier 4B Final

Brake System Testing

NOTE: Check brake pedal height and free travel BEFORE proceeding with this test.

1. Place the backhoe n the travel lock position, use the stabilizers and raise the rear wheels
off the floor.

2. Place support stands under the machine, lower the machine onto the stands making
sure the wheels remain off of the floor.

3. Remove the rear wheels.

4. Disconnect the brake lines from the axle, cap the fittings on the axle, attach pressure
gauges capable of reading pressure of 3500 kPa (500 psi) to both hoses.

5. Lock the brake pedals with the brake pedal locking pin.

6. Have another person apply the brakes and observe the pressure readings, the pressure
readings should be the same on both gauges.

NOTE: If pressure readings are not equal, replace the master cylinder.

7. Hold the pedals in place for one minute, the pressure should stay the same on both
gauges.

NOTE: If one of the pressure readings begins to drop replace the master cylinder.

8. Remove the gauges from the hoses, plug the hoses.

9. Remove one of the caps from the axle and connect a hand pump and gauge to the brake
port. Loosen the air bleeder screw and pump the hand pump until oil with no air flows
from the air bleeder screw. Tighten the air bleeder screw to 12 Nm (108 pound-inches).
Apply 70 bar (1000 psi) pressure to the brake and turn off the valve on the hand pump.

10. Observe the pressure reading for one minute, the pressure should not drop.

NOTE: If pressure drops the brake piston seals are leaking and need to be replaced.

11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 for the other side of the axle.

12. Reconnect the hoses to the axle and bleed the brakes.

13. Install the rear wheels and lower the machine.

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