Multi Pressure CHAPTER 2 | Systems University Prescribed Syllabus Multistage or compound system : Need of multi staging, Two stage compression with flash gas removal, flash intercooler and complete multistage compression system Multi evaporator system : single compressor-individual expansion valve, single compressor-multiple expansion valve, individual compressor-multiple expansion valve, individual compressor with compound compression and flash inter cooling. (Limited to two evaporators). Ammonia-CO, cascade cycle, 2A Introduction... 22 Need of Multistage System. 22.1 Multistage Compression with Intercooling between the Stages... UQ. Whats the necessity of mult-pressure systems & List Advantages of multistage compression cycle. 22.2 Advantages of Multistage Compression Cycle with Intercooling, 2.3 Types of Multistage Vapour Compression System with Intercooler and Single Load UG. Whyis flash gas intercooling is used in multistage compression. Explain its any two advantages. | SECIS... | RQ. List out types of compound compression refrigeration systems and need of each in brief. (RODE. | 23.1. Two-Stage compression System with Flash Gas Removal and Liquid Intercooling, | 23.2 Advantages of Mul-stage System with Flash Gas Removal and Intercooling. | RQ. What are the advantages of sketch flash intercooling ? [MCN a Menem EMME 2.3.3 Two Stage Compression with Water Intercooler and Liquid Sub-cooler UG. Explain two stage compressions with intercooling and sub cooling by external cooling source. SPPU - Dec. 15, Oct. 16, (In Sem] 23.4 Two Stage Compression with Water Intercooler, Liquid Subcooler and Flash Intercooler... 28 Ua. _Drawa vapour compression system having individual compressors with compound compression and flash intercooling. SE LUSCRIC MEER ALE - sree 2BHeating, Ventilation, AC & Refrigeration (SPPU-Som 7-Mech) (Mult Pressure Systems)...Page. Po. RQ. Explain the two stage compression refrigeration system having lash intercooler with neat schematic and ph diagram, 24 Types of Multiple Evaporator and Compressor Systems.. GQ. List the various types of Multiple Evaporator and Compressor Systems... 2.4.1 Caso I: Multiple Evaporator at Diterent Temperature with Individual Compressor and Individual Expansion Valve V GO. Draw schematic and p- cagram, Multiple evaporate at erent temperaturo with individual ‘compressor and individu roansion valve and wits the COP ofthe system, 24.2 Caso ll: Muliplo Evaporators at Ditfrent Temperatures with Individual Compressors and Multiple Expansion Valves. GO. Draw schematic and p- ciagram, Mule evaporstrs at diferent temperatures with individual ‘compressors and multiple expansion valves and wite the COP of th system, 24.3 Case Il: Mutiple Evaporators at Ditlrent Temperatures with Single Compressor, Multiple Expansion Valves and Back Pressure Vai... 2.4.4 Case IV : Multiple Evaporation at Ditlerent Temperature with Compound Compression, Individual Expansion Valves and Fash Intercocer, GQ. Draw schematic and p-h ciagram, Multiple evaporation at diferent temperature with compound ‘Compression individual expansion valves and fash nerecolers and wit the COP of the system. 24.5 Comparison of individual Expansion Vs Multiple Expansion Valve, Ua. Compare use of individual expansion Vs mutple expansion valve, ESET NEERERCATETES 24.6 Limitations of Mut-stage Systems... GO, Write the imitaton of mul-stage systems. 2.4.7 Advantages of Muti Evaporater System ovr Single Evaporator. UG, What are the advantages of mut evaporator system over single evaporator ? ISPPU May 19,4 Marks 24.8 Transcritcal OY!2..mnmne 25 Ammonia-CO, cascade eye... 2.5.1 Ammonia (NH) and CO: CASCADE Cycle. 252 Advantages of C0... 25:3 Advantage of NH. 26 Formulae 27° Numoricate... UEx. 2.7.1 (SPPU - Dec. 06,6 Marks)... UEx. 27.3 (SPPU - Q.6(b), Aug. 15, 6 Mark), UEx 2.7.4 (SPPU -Q. 5, March 18, 10 Marks), UEx. 2.75 (SPPU Oct. 16, 0 0), 6 Ma UEx 2.7.8 (SPPU-, 6(b), Aug. 15,6 Marks). “Chapter Ends, (New Syllabus wef academic year 22-23) (P7-97),Heating, Venlation, AC & Retigeration (SPPU-Som 7-Mech) (Muti Pressure Systoms)...Page no. (2-3) 12.1 INTRODUCTION A’ + Single stage systems are not recommended when the evaporator temperature becomes very low, or when the condenser temperature becomes high. In such cases multi-stage systems are used in practice. Generally, for fluorocarbon and ammonia based refrigeration systems, a single stage system is used upto an evaporator temperature of ~ 30°C. A two-stage system is used upto ~ 60°C and a three-stage Ny system is used for temperatures below - 60°C. Multi-stage systems aro also used in applications requiring reftigeration at different temperatures. For example, in a dairy plant, refrigeration may be required at - 30°C for making ice cream and at 2°C for chilling milk. In such cases it may be advantageous to use a multi-evaporator system with the low temperature evaporator operating at -30°C and the high temperature evaporator operating at 2°C. ‘A multi-stage system is a refrigeration system with two or more low-side pressures. Multi-stage systems can be classified into : . (a) Multi-compression systems (&) Multi-evaporator systems (© Cascade systems, ete, ‘Two concepts which are normally integral to multi-pressure systems are, i) Flash gas removal, and ii) Intercooling. OW 2.2 NEED OF MULTISTAGE SYSTEM : : “ 7% 2.2.1 Multistage Compression with Intercooling between the Stages 1 UO, What the necessity of mult-pressure systems & List Advantages of multistage compression cele. ‘ Exam hint ( ¢ : {2 Write necessity of mutt-pressure ystems i) Ust Advantages fi) Draw P-h diagram 3 {The work of compression canbe reduced by using two or more tages of compression with intreookng in between } t the stages as shown in Fig. 22.1 on (p~h) diagram. 1) (J-a) Isentropic Process: It shows the compression in & a single stage compressor between the pressure limits of pe and pe, (DG - 2) Isentropic process: It represents the compression in low pressure (L.P) compressor from evaporator pressure pe to intermediate pressure po (II) Compressed vapour is passed through a intercooler & where, it is cooled at (2 - 8). constant pressure i represented by process, x * The vapour cooling can be achieved either by water cooling, or by refrigerant depending upon the ok refrigeration application, Fig. 2.21 : Multistage compression with ae “Cooled vapour is compressed Isentropically upto condenser pressure pe represented by process (3 ~ 4) in x high pressure (H.P) compressor. Romainder of the eycle is same. a . Venture ‘ens (New Syllabus wef academic year 22-23) (P7-37) Tech-Neo Publications. SACHIN SHAH Venture vo-~™~ Oye Se SE | ee gael22272777 OO v ests Veta. AC & Retgerton (SPPU.Sen 7. Mach) (arose Sper) P8806 (24 | + Te cmuld be meen that the work of compression/ke of refrigerant is reduced since the specific volume st | | refrigerant entering the HP. compressor is reduced from vz to vg + The refneerating effect remains the same, during both eycles. Due to reduced work of compression, Cop, of multistage compression cytle increases. YB 2.2.2 Advantages of Multistage Compression Cycle with Intercooling 1) OOP increases, 2) Reduces work of compression per kg of refrigerant. (3) Cylinder wall thickness of LP. cylinder is reduced, since it is designed to withstand low pressure ony, | It reduces the cost of comprestor. 4) Heat removal during condensation is reduced from (ha ~ hs) to (ha hs), hence, it reduces the size condenser 2) Volometne efficiency of compressor increases due to reduced pressure ration each stage 6) Leakages past the piston are reduced due to reduced pressure differential 7) Operating cost is reduced | It gover more uniform torque, hence, the size of flywheel is reduced. Wi 2.3 TYPES OF MULTISTAGE VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM WITH INTERCOOLER AND SINGLE LOAD [WO Why is fash ges itercooling is used in multistage compresion explain Is any two advantages. ISPPU- 0. 4(0), Dec 19. May 18.4 Marks | tose Hit ' [Drea Be Flow & Poh dagram (Derive the equation of COP of the system. ' be & mr Ths— ba ' Poa oie be mond i [RB Ust out types of compound compression refrigeration systems and need of each in brief. 7 : roorling of vepour refrigerant in between the stages of a multistage vapour compression cycle con be achieved eather by water cooling, or by refrigerant in @ heat exchanger called intercooler. There could ays cf achieving the invercooling in multistage compression. be many Various aystems are as follows: 1) Tw stage compression with liquid intercooler Two stage compression with water or gas intercooler and liquid sub-cooler. 4 sage Compression with water or gas intercooler, liquid sub-cooler and liquid flash chamber, (4 Tus stage compression with water or gas intercocler, liquid sub-cooler and flash intercooler. 2.5.1 Two-Stage compression System with Flash Gas Removal and Liquid Intercooling M(B) Use ot teterecnting | Mae necnseary col the refrigerant between two stages of compre ucsprenesn, eter, Jon to get full advantage of mult ] | | Tech-Ieo Publications. A SACHIN SHAH VentutHeating. Ventlation, AC & Retrigeration (SPPU-Sem 7-Méch) Liat Pressuts Systema) Page ro (2-6) {2) This process is called inter-cooling. which is done by using refrige refrigerant int of combination of water and ¥@ (B) Construction and Working (1) Figs. 23.1 (a) and (b) show a two-stage vapour compression refrigeration system with flash gas remoral using a flash tank, and intercooling of refrigerant vapour by a water-ooled heat exchanger and flash tank. (2) The superheated vapour from the water cooled heat exchanger bubbles through the refrigerant liquid in the flash tank. (3) Itis assumed, that, in this process, the superheated refrigerant vapour gets completely de-superheated and emerges out as a saturated vapour at state 4 (4) However, in practice, complete de-superheating may not be possible. As mentioned, the use of combination of water cooling with flash tank for intercooling reduces the vapour generated in the flask tank. (5) The performance of this system can be obtained easily by applying mass and energy balance equations to the individual eomponents. (6) Itis assumed, that, the flash tank is perfectly insulated, and the potential and kinetic energy changes of refrigerant across each component are negligible. Wintec iterate te 9 Evaporator Q, (a) Two-stage vapour compression refrigeration system (b) Two-stage vapour compression refrigeration system with flash gas removal using a flash tank and ‘with flash gas removal using a flash tank and intercooling Intercooling - Pb diagram Fig. 2.41 : Flow Diagram & Ph Diagram 5 (C) Analysis of the cycle 1, Let m, and mg be the mass of refrigerant cireulated through low pressure (L.P| and high pressure (HP compressor respectively, ms be the mass of Liquid refrigerant evaporated in the liquid intercooler 2 Enthalpy valves are hy, hy. hy hy. hy, hy, hy, hg and hy can be calculated by using poh chart. © (0) Energy balance of liquid Intercooler (1) Energy into liquid intercooler » Energy leaving the intercooler, From mass and energy balance of the flash tank (New Syllabus wef academic year 22:23) (P7:97)(Wait Pressure Systom Heating. Ventiation, AC & Retigoraton (SPPU-Som Mech) 2000 (44 my hy + mglhg = ™ghhg + my hy my emg = my +m From mass and energy balance ofthe my = (2) From mass and energy balance across is stage compressor my = my WD) = my fh -hy) sm, = Mass low rate of refigerant at first compressor. evaporator Qe = my {hy hl where, From mass and energy balance across water coled intercooler. mg = m3= my Q = mi lhg-hgl Where, Qy = Heat transfer by the refrigerant (3) Similarly high stage compressor [second stage] my = ™m5= m2 Wo = my [hs—hg) mp = Mass flow rate of refrigerant through second compressor. For condenser mg = ms=m2 Qe = mg {hs —hgl For float valve mg = my=m2 hg = by From the above equation, we can write m= mg = mg=mg | m; = 3 ‘The amount of additional vapour generated due to 6 | Censer de-super heating of the refrigerant vapour from the water-cooled intercooler is given by hy ah] Mgeo = MH hs | COP of the system is given by Qe my hy ~ hg) COP = Goa =e Wy + Wo ~ my tho - hy) + mg hs —hy] «© (E) Energy balance of liquid subcooler Refer Fig. 23.2 ToEvapertr Fig, 23.2: Energy balance of liquid subcooler ‘% 2.3.2 Advantages of Multi-stage System with Flash Gas Removal and Intercooling TAQ. ‘What are the advantages of tech fash intercooing 7 (1) Quality f refrigerant entering the evaporator ede, thus, ging sve a bigher retigeretng efi lower pressure drop and better heat transfer in the evaporator, (ew Slabs wef academic f bed yest 22-23) 71-57) Tech Neo Publiations.A SACHIN SHAH Vestaeee Heating, Ventlation, AC & Rottig n (SPPU-Sem 7-Mach) {® Throttling losses arc reduced as vapour generated during throttling from P,to Pjis separated in the flash tank, and recompressed by second stage compressor. (3) Volumetric efficiency of compressors will be high due to reduced pressure ratios, (4) Compressor discharge temperature is reduced considerably. 2.5.3 Two Stage Compression with Water Intercooler and Liquid Sub-cooler 1 Ga. “Explain two stage compressions wit intercocling and sub cooing by external cooling source. 4 t Sere eran) exam hint z (Working principle, Draw the Flow diagram & P-h diagram ‘ {i) Derive the equation of COP ofthe system. : eee (yah) : COP ==) tha e& (A) Working Principle 1. Water intercooling is employed in between the two stages of compressors to reduce the H.P. compressor work. However, the water cooling cannot be employed in low temperature refrigeration system, and the complete desuperheating of compressed vapour of L.P. compressor is not possible due to non-availability of low temperature of water. 2, Aliquid sub-cooler is provided after condenser, to reduee the temperature of liquid refrigerant before it is supplied to expansion valve. It improves the refrigerating effect. The echematic diagram of two stage compression with water intereooler and liquid sub-cooler is shown in Fig, 2.3.3(a) and the corresponding cycle is shown in Fig. 23.3(b) on (P—h) diagram, ) Schematic diagram () phdiagram Fig. 23.3 : Two stage compression with water intercooler and liquid sub-cooler "© (B)Processes Involved Various processes involved are : (1) Isentropic compression process (1 - 2) : Saturated vapour is compressed Isentropically from ‘evaporator pressure p, to intermediate pressure pin L.P. compressor. 2) Process (2 ~ 3) : Superheated compressed vapour of L-P. compressor is cooled in water intercooler at constant pressure, Complete desuperheating of vapour refrigerant is not possible by water cooling due to its high temperatures. Vapour temperature reduces from ts to ta, (New Syllabus wef academic year 22-23) (P7-97) ‘Tech-Neo Publications_A SACHIN SHAH Venture Bee aeHeating. Ventiaton. AC & Retigeraton (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) (3) Process (3 ~ 4) : The cooled vapour leaving the pressure pz to condenser pressure p in H.P. compressor. (4) Process (4 - 5) : Compressed superheated vapour of HP. compressor is condensed in the condenser, constant pressure. The refrigerant becomes saturated liquid. (5) Process (6 - 6) : Saturated refrigerant liquid from condenser is cooled at constant pressure Pe in ay, cooler where its temperature is reduced tot (6) Process (6 - 7) : The subcooled refrigerant is throttled in expansion valve (E.V) from pressure Pyto, Process is at constant Enthalpy. (7) Process (7 ~ 1) + Partially evaporated vapour from expansion valve is sent to evaporator where; absorbs heat from body or space at constant pressure till it becomes dry-saturated vapour. Thus, the eycle is completed Let m = mass flow rate of refrigerant in kes. Compressor work, WD WD = (WDipp,+(WD)gp,=m [(he—hi) + (hy —he)] kllsee Iralso represents the compressor power. Refrigerating effect, [RE] RE = m(hy—hy) ki/sec Refrigerating effect (hy hy) COP = “Compressor work ~(hy—by)+ 04h) 2%. 2.3.4 Two Stage Compression with Water Intercooler, Liquid Subcooler and Flash Intercooler { UO. Drew 2 vapour compression system having individual compressors with compound. compression and ‘tia ea nce Seen ' Exam hint {0 Working principle, Draw the Flow diagram & Ph diagram £(@ Derive the equation of COP of the sytem. ‘ BE mito 6 COPD * tants =hy) ‘§© (A) Working Principle (1) The compressed vapour from L.P. compressor cannot be cooled upto state 4 as dry-saturated vapour it water intercooler before supplied to H.P. compressor. (2) Therefore, the water cooling may not affect sufficient saving in compression work, as well tht displacement volume of H.P. compressor is not suficiently reduced, (3) In order to exe the compressed vapourupto sturated vapor, a fash intorcoolr is introduced in | system instead of a lash chamber. (4) As shown in Fig. 2.3.40), the sub-cooled vapour at state 7 expands at constant Enthalpy frus| condenser pressure p, to intermediate pressure pa through expansion valve 1 (E.P.1) upto state 8. Tv compressed vapour from I.P. compressor at pressure py after cooling in water intercooler at state $| enters into flash intercooler below the liquid level in it. j (New Syllabus we f academic year 22-23) (P7-97) [Bl ectteo pubcations.A SACHIN SHAH Vente eeAC & Retig (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) (Hutt Pressure Systems)...Page ro (6) The cooled vapour from flash intercooler is supplied to H.P. compressor at state 4, and the liquid refrigerant at state 9 from flash cooler, is passed from its bottom to expansion valve 2 where it is throttled upto evaporator pressure pe. (6) The cycle on (p~h) chart is represented in Fig. 2.3.4(b). (a) Schematic diagram () (p-h) diagram Fig. 23.4: Two stage compression with water intercooler, liquid subcooler and flash cooler 1 (B) Analysis | Let, mg _= mass of refrigerant passing from flash intercooler toHLP. compressor and condenser, ! m1 = mass of refrigerant leaving the flash intercooler and circulated through t EP 2, Evaporator, L.P. compressor and water intercooler. ' Compression processes are assumed to be Isentropi. (a) Energy balance for flash intercooler i Energy in = Energy out mg"hg+m,"hg = ma~hy +m hg (hg = hyp, hs = hy = hp) ate m (BE) a wm hyahs (b) Refrigerating effect, Re RE = mj (hy—hyo) y (© Compressor work done, WD WD = (Wiup. + (Warp, = my (hy~ hy) +mp (hs hy) | (d) COP of system i RE _ my (hyhy) } = RE mh a COP = WD * hy ths=h) (New Syllabus w.e academic year 22-23) (P7-97) TBkreenicopubations_A SACHIN SHAH VentureVS The following types of multiple evaporator system are important from the alive adopted : (1) Multiple evaporators at the same temperature with single compressor and expar (2) Multiple evaporators at the different temperature with single compressor, indi and back pressure valve, (3) Multiple evaporators at different temperatures with single compressor, multiple expansion back pressure valve. (4) Multiple evaporators at different temperature with individual compressor and ingiy, ide ve. sal (5) Multiple evaporators with individual compressor and multiple expansion valves, (6) Multiple evaporators at diferent temperature with ennpound compressor and indvituy |! valve. i. (1) Multiple evaporators at diferent temperature with compound compression, individual expe, and flash intercooler. many (8) Multiple evaporators at different temperature with compound compression, mu and flash intercooler. eran 24-1 Case]: Multiple Evaporator at Different Temperature with Individual Compressor sy Individual Expansion Valve 30. Draw schematic and po cigram, Multiple eapraor at ferent temperature with individual cep indidl expansion valve and rte he COP ofthe ste. = oe > StepI: Flow diagram, T-$ and P-h diagram ® |lOommese2 ey, * = 0 corpenor (caFlg, 24.1: Flow diagram Where Ey,E2andE5 = Expansion valve a (en Stor, wel academic yea 22:23) 01-7) [Bl rech-Neo Pubications..a SACHIN statis ( esing, Vontlaton, AC & Retigaration (SPPU-Sem 7-Moch) (fut Pressure Systoms)_.Page ro (2-11) BP}, BP2 and BPs = Lond on evaporators 7 miemzand ms = Mass of refrigerant circulated} C1, Czand Cs = Compressors Let Mass of refrigerant required to be circulated through the first evaporator EP, 210Q) m1 = hy—hyo Ke/min aa For mg = Teoh g/min BS * hp—he Wr=Pe=Po=hig hy hy Pah =P Power required to drive the compressor Cy; newFig. 2.4.2 : Flow diagram i : ' e py = Dba gy msg [hg — hs) Refrigeration effect = RE = 210 [Q1 + Qo + Qal Work done = w= my; (hy—hy] + mo (hq hal + mgthg— he] RE 210 [@1 + Qo + Qal {COPleystem = WD ~ ny tha hal +m fhq~ hol + mg fag hel 210 [Qi + Q.+ Qa (COP\epum = ——Bx eq ‘YS 24.2 Case Il: Multiple Evaporators at Different Temperatures with Individual Compressors and Multiple Expansion Valves Ga. Drow schematic and p-h diagram, Multiple evaporators at different temperatures with Individual Compressors and. ‘multiple expansion valves and write the COP of the system. > Step I: Flow diagram T-S and P-h diagram 0 compet veFig. 2.4.3: Flow diagram (ew Syllabus wef academic year 22:23 (77.97) Tech-ieo Publiations_A SACHIN SHAH Venture fs Ral ee ot amen eae (Rdssee NIP aneee NIE RTE NINE ane ee ee& (ect Nieo Pbiications A SACHIN Siti ie,A. entiation, AC 8 Retrigeraton (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) eatng. abi — (huts Pressure Systems) Page no (2-13) 2.4.5 Case Ill : Maltiple Evaporators at Different Temperatures with Single Compressor, Multiple Expansion Valves and Back Pressure Valve > Step I:Flow diagram, T-S and P-h diagram > Step II: Derivation Q: = Leeda Evaporator EP, Q = Lead on Breperator EP, @ = Londen Breporetor EP Lo Teane cf ReSigeration and my, my and my ere the mass of refrigerant flow respectively. 5% Mass of refrigerant circulated in each evaporator EP, _ 210% Q ~ Bi * bo-be 5] Mass of refrigerant circulated in evaporator EP, big Den Slabs mes academic year 2-25) 77-57) Nien Publicrions_ A SACD SHAH Vermire cece Ra Panet 8. In the ey ‘apour formed by mass m while passing through the expansion valve. Let the dryness fraction of vapor refrigerant at point 8 is [xs] mass [my] at point 8, a m; ‘= Mass of refrigerant circulated In evaporator EP, 20% ™3 = “hs hy ‘Mass of vapour formed at point ‘d’ - x aoe [35] {mm +m) + Total mass of refrigerant circulated EP 210xQ [x ms = mj +mj ™ = phy + [Jimny Let the condition of the refrigerant entering into the compressor represented by point on Ph Gisgrag z. Enthalpy at point ‘T'is given by Energy balance of mixing of refrigerants mby = my hyg+mghg+m3 hj {my + mp + mg] x hy =m; bys + my hg + mg hs my hyg + my hg + mgh, Due to throttling process hg = hs, bg = hio Workdone in the compressor We = m[hj-hy) We = [my +m +mg] fho—hy] ku/kg Power required to derive the compressor mfha—hy) [mj +o + mg) fho—hil {my + mg + mg] fh - hi) Pe Co 60 COP of the system cop = RE._ mz thia~ hal + me fhy—ha + ms fhs-ha) gt {my + mg + mg) fh hy] 210 1Qi + Qo+ 3} cop = (New Syllabus we f academic year 22-23) (P7-97) a Tech-Neo Publications...A SACHIN SHAH VertHeating, Ventilation, AC & Refrigeration (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) (Multi Pressure Systems) Page no (2-15) Y 2.4.4 Case IV : Multiple Evaporation at Different Temperature with Compound Compression, Individual Expansi id Flash Incercoolers aa, Draw schematic and p-h diagram, Multiple evaperation at diferent temperature with compound compression ‘ individual ives and flash intercoolers and write the COP of the system. [ 5 oa AA © | , 2) : ‘0 & & Fig. 248: Flow diagram & P-h diagram 1, The arrangement, as shown in Fig, 2.4.8, consists of three evaporators EP,, EP» and EPs at different temperatures with compound compression and individual expansion valves Ey, Ep and Ep. The flash zy hamber Fy and Fp also the compressor C and C, respectively. Let, Qi, Qo and Qy = Loads on the evaporator EP;, EP, and EPs respectively in terms of refrigeration. ‘Mass of reftigerant required to be circulated through the First evaporator EP, or passes through first compressor Cy 210 - 20Q Ma = Mpg Kein Similarly, my = | Kelmin 2, Mass of refrigerant required to be by passed (at point 9] to the flash intercooler Fy. The superheated ‘vapour mei coming from first compressor C; to the dry saturated at point 8 given by, + _ Met fhg—hal a= hg=hy ‘Total mass of refrigerant mg = my +mj+m, 3. Mass of refrigerant required to be circulated through the third evaporator EP3 m = >> Similarly, mass of refrigerant required to be by passed (at point P) to flash intercooler Fo. mg coming from compressor Ce to the dry saturated conditioning at point 5. + _ Beall, ~hs] a hhs—hg 4, +. Total mass of reftigorant passes through the third compressor Cs, reg = meq + mg + mj (ete (New Syllabus wef academic year 22-23) (P7-97) [el rete pubtations-A SACHIN SHAH Ventureesta S9H0T8)P290 Med “O28. Versaton Ac & Retin SPOUSE Power required to drive first compress ah vy = Balch Re 60 Cp "Ser required to drive the second compressor Py = Balch) KW 5. Power required to drive the third compress” ©# mes fhg - hs} Ps = —a kW Total power required to drive the system P= PysPp+Ps Refrigerating effect ofthe system RE = 2101Q) +Qo+Q3] kimin 6. Workdone inthe three compressors W = Powerx 60 ks/min 210 1 + + sl CoP ofthe system = BE. 224.5 Comparison of indlvidual Expansion V3 utile Exons ti Targe refrigeral ae ‘temperature difference. Low refrigerating effect. As compare to multiple expansi temperature differene is less. 3._| COP of the system is less. 4. [It is required ceparate expansion valve for each evaporation. ion valve, a | COPo i ombor of expansion valves are used each evaporator: ! % 24.6 Limitations of Multistage Systems the lritation of multi-stage systems. Though multi-stage systems have been very successful, they have c 8) Only one refrigerant is used throughout the system, the refrigeran temperature and low freezing point. b) The operating pressures with a single refrigerant may : - R22 and NH, systems have been used in multi-stage systems as other conventional working fluids ar operate in vacuum at very low evaporator temperatures. Operation in vacuum leads to leakages int system and large compressor displacement due to high specific volume, I ©) Possibility of migration of lubricating cil from one compressor to other leading to compressor bed down | stain limitations. These are: ¢ used should have high ets become too high or too low. Generally onl The above limitations can be overcome by using cascade systems. (New Syllabus wel academic year 2-23) (P7-97) Teh-Neo Pubications.A SACHIN SHAK Vet | : 4Heating, Ventilation, AC & Rotrigeration (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) (Multi Pressure Systems)...Page no.(2-17) Beating Vontlaton AC & Refrigeration (SPPU SOT NE rose Sys) Pope ro (250 %® 2.4.7 Advantages of Mult! Evaporator System over Single Evaporator (1) Multi evaporator suitable for large scale and for continuous operation compare to single evaporator - (2) Highly economical when compared to single effect. (3) The total evaporation achieved in these system is approximately the number of effects times the energy input to the first effect. (4) Multiple effects, or stages are now used to minimize the energy input required to evaporate or boil off undesirable water content. DH 2.5 AMMONIA-CO; CASCADE CYCLE %_ 2.5.1 Ammonla (NHs) and COz CASCADE Cycle + The cascade system operates with COz on the low temperature side, and ammonia on the high temperature side. + In this manner ammonia charge is confined to the plant room. A heat exchanger where the condensation heat of CO: is removed with evaporation NHs connects both stages ofthe eascade. + This, COJNHs cascade refrigerating system was first introduced by the giant Nestle’ food conglomerate who, per their business policy of promoting natural refrigerants on their reftigeration systems, during 2001 built the largest system then (the present largest one built in 2017 by Yosemite Meat Co) incorporating industrial refrigeration cascade systems. + Ina cascade refrigeration system, there can be more than one reftigerant depending on the application or requirement of the plant. In such a cascade system, each refrigerant circuit is separate. For every application CO2 used as a refrigerant for low temperature circuit and ammonia used for high ‘temperature circuit. + "The Condenser of C02 circuit act as the evaporator of NHB circuit (generally known as cascade condenser). + Thus, there will be inter-stage cooler. For better understanding refer to figure below which indicates a schematic arrangement (flow diagram) for COuNHs cascade system : cust Evaporator sey He] ‘NH Lies At rit C0, Lines Fig, 25.1 : Schematic arrangement for COJNH, cascade system i (New Syllabus wes academic year 22-23) (P7-97) Tech-Neo Publicatons..A SACHIN SHAH VentureHeating, Ventlation, AC & Retigeraton SPPU-Sem Mest) {Walt Pressure Systoms)..Page Carbonate Condenser Pressure “amore Bvap Preseure Carbondade Evap Pressure Entry (Kikg) —= Fig. 25.2 :P-H Diagram for COJNH, cascade system ‘WS 2.5.2 Advantages of CO: (1) Low risk hazard for our planet earth (2) Ozone depletion Potential (ODP) is Zero (3) Global Warming Potential (GWP) is 1 (4) Adhere to Protocol of Montreal and Kyoto (5) Superior thermodynamics properties (6) High volumetric refrigerating capacity (7) Approx 30% cheaper than ammonia Maintains texture and nutritious value of product tobe frozen by minimize the freezing time. Also, ity non-flammable, nontoxic, non-corrosive, odorless, hence can be used in direct contact with fai products. 25.3 Advantage of NHs (1) Adhere to Protocol of Montreal and Kyoto (2) Unique eco status at ODP= 0 and GNP =0 (3) Adhere to Protocol of Montreal and Kyoto (4) Superior thermodynamics properties (5) Toxic but high alarm warning effect (6) Available worldwide and reasonably priced (7) Commonly applied in industrial refrigeration for over 100 years. Tech-Neo Publications. SACHIN SHAH Ventst (New Sflabus wel academic year 2-23) (P7-97)ma eee DW 2.6 FORMULAE = Refrigeration Effect Workdone 1. COP= 2, Power required, P m, (hy~ hi) 60 3. Compression ratio Power = Compression ratio r.="p 4. Power for each compressor Py = ty (hz-h) Py = te (by—hs) 5. Total compressor work P= +P, —_—_———_ DM 2.7. NUMERICALES 8 A typical RAZ refigeration “plant is shown in Fig. P. 2.7.1. esis rect aes exit of such evaporation. Determine : () Condition of refiigerant at entry of the 20TR-2C fl Fig, P. 27.1: Flow diagram Pressure Fig. P.247. Given data: RE: = = 20TR, RE:=30TR Caleuation of Enthelpy at different points From ph chart (R12) By = hy 178 Weg hy = 209 kSlkg y= 188 kWkg by = 208 Keg hs = be=br=36 kik 4. Condition of refrigerant at entry to condenser, is Calculation of mass flow rate BE:x2UL _20x211 m= “h,-b; ~ 179-56 = $4.59 kg/min RE,x211 30x 211 T™: = “hjxh, ~ 188-56 = 47.95 kJimin Energy balance mhz +myhy = [m, +m] xby hg = enthalpy of refrigerant after mixing [34.59 + 47.95] xh, From p-h chart at point x Read hy = 205.4 kikg, Condenser pressure [at 30°C] line and read ‘T,-from [p-h] chart, T. = 2. Power required, P (New Syllabus we academic year 22-23) °7-97) | } er Bl recncoPbtcasons A SACHIN SHAH VentureHeating, Ventaton AC &Regraton (PPUSHN NES) 34.59 (209 - 178] His 60 = 29.85 kd/Sec. 3. Overall COP RE, +REp _20x3517+30x3517 Power ~ 29.85 = 58 CoP = 4. Cooling load on condensed = (rm; + mal [hy hs) = [34.59 + 47.95] [205.4 - 56) = 12331.5 kJ/min aoa eee Ex. 27.2: A cascade system of 40 TR capacity is having evaporator temperature of - 60°C and condenser temperature of 25°C, The load constant at = 20°C. The cascade condenser is evoled by a unit R- 12 is subeooled to 20°C and no subsooing as R22 ‘The vapour leaving both evaporators is dry and saturated compression is Isentropic. Determine 1) Compression ratio for each unit. 2) Theoretical power required to run the system. 3) COP ofeach unit. 4) COP of the total system. Properties of R-22 : Op, = 0.81 kilkg -K Table 2.7.2 Saturation] Saturati | Specifie | Specific Temperat | on enthalpy entropy] ture (0°C) | pressure | Gedlg (oar) |b [hw [oe | ~ 60 066 | - |234.]225) 1.0862 5 a 246 _| 21 | - | 256] 0.3696 son, Given data : Refrigerant used ~ R12 and R22 Capacity = RE = (wu reste Syst)Pag, | i Pm, | Cpe = O81 KIMg Find following compression ratio of each unit, I ‘Theoreti oP ofeach unit CoP of total system. Compression ratio of each unit I power required to run the 5 We have (For R12] Pa “1509 = 434, Compression ratio te = {For R22 compression} Compression ratio of Note: The valve of Pa and Pa ten fg table 4, Theoretiel power required to 1, system For R 12 to calculate the enthalpy a¢ ili points y= BORIS = 85 by = 228 kiTkg = betty For R22 refrigerant ‘To calculate Enthalpy = 225 kilkg, ba = bat Colla hy = 266 +0.81(T:—Ty) To find: T: 1-2 Isentropic = % Ty Sa = Sat Cploed| 7, Li) Lovse = 0.9638 + 0.81 log, Bi T 1.0262 = 0.9638 + 0.81 loge | 555) 2 222K [Bo recrieo Publications. SACHIN SHAH enHeating, Ventilation, AC & Rettigeration (SPPU-Sem 7-Mech) (Muti Pressure Systems)...Page no. (2-21) From equation (1) [For R = 12 unit] : : REp_malhy—hel ha = 256 + 0.81 (273.2 - 253] » (coP] = 7 a le! = 272.36 2 chy = hg=21 kilcg = hy 7 ‘To calculate m, COP « RE = milh)—h eile na [For unit R22] a BH hy = hy ~ (225.21. 2) (COP) = m, = 0.690 ke’See Also we have = 4.308 Heat supplied in cascade evaporator = Heat | 3) COP of Total unit rejected by cascade condenser {COP}, my (hp—ha] =m, fho—hgl P = WD, +WD2=32.68 + 40.26 _ Bulha-hol ™ = Thithpchy = T294kW 140.8 = 9:690(272.36 — 221) (COPhaa = 7994 =): Cnr 72.94 m, = 1032 kg/see UEK.27.3 'A data pertaining to refrigeration system is as follows : : ‘Two separate evaporators E, (6 TR) and Es (10 TR) at temperatures 6°C and 15°C, respectively. Common condenser is at temperature 38°C, The liquid from the condenser is saturated. After evaporator Ep, pressure reducing valve brings the pressure to the suction pressure of the compressor. Single compressor and individual expansion values are used in the system. Use refrigerant data provided. Make the neat flow ‘diagram and a cycle diagram of P-h plane, find : (@) Power requirement to run the system. (ii) GOP of the system. Refrigerant data Q6 MANES | ve "| ee | me | he | bw S| oe *C | Bar mikg. kdikg kd/kgk 5_| 8.63 | 0.000725 | 0.0475 | 40.69 | 189.65 | 148.96 | 0.1586 | 0.6943 165 | 4.91 | 0.000743 | 0.0356 | 50.10 | 193.79 | 143.69 | 0.1915 | 0.6902 38 | 9.14 | 0.000794 | 0.0191 | 72.66 | 202.51 | 129.95 | 0.2654 | 0.6830 (New Syllabus wees academic year 22-23) (P7-97) Tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Venture aR134-n Data °C | bar | mig | kilke =10 | 2.0052 | 0.09963 | 186.78 24 | 6.4566 | 0.03189 | 293.05 30 _| 7.7008 | 0.02667 | 241.65 P dv [br be =6 | 23418 | oosser | 192.08 | 395415 | 2 [3.245 | 0.0617 | 20268 | 39964 12 | sa289 | ooseas |- | 40551 | 411.93 414.94 50 | 13.177 | - 271.69 | 423.63 Soin. : E, 10TR 15° Calculation of Enthalpy at different points. he = he = hy = 193.79 kdlkg hy = hy = 189.65 kilkg he = hy=hy = hp = 72.56 kdlkg Qs = 5TR=5 3.517 = 17.585 kW Qa = 1OTR= 10x 3517 =35.17kW To find mass rate through each evaporator. - Qu 17.585 1 ® hehe * 189.65 ~ 72.56 = 0.1525 kp/Sec. = 0.2901 kg/see, From energy balance my hy +my-hg = m3 Xhy 0.155 x 189.65 + 0.29 x 193.79 (0.1525 + 0.29] x hy hy = 198.456 kik To calculate Typ at point 2 és haga = Tigt + Cys [Taup — tal 193,458 = 189,65 + 1.4 [Tp 278) 2. Tryp = 280.7186 K New Slabs we acadeeic year 22-23) (P7-57) Tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Vent | a eae ene|) entropy at point“ Sop = 5. | Swupt = 0.6943 + 1.4 log.| | | = 0.7079 kd/kg. K | | Consider 1-2 Isentropi process Tas 28 = 280+ Ge[ 22] | | 0.7079 = 0.6130 +1.4 log. [I | | Trp = 816.58K |) qo calculate Enthalpy at point 2 by = bgt Oy [Trapt] i = 20261 + 1.4 [816.5831] q = 210.822 kilkg | Power required P = rhax fay—hil | = (0.16 + 0.39) (210.822 193.486) = 7421 kW > COP of the system Qes + Qax 3.517 4 COP = “ower required [5+ 10)x3.517 * 7.421 COP = 7.108 (Vex 274 EROEATS NERO) ‘A’ multi “evaporator: refrigeration system with {individual compreésors and an individual expansion valves using R-22 as the refrigerant as shown in ig. P. 274(a), Neglecting undereooling of liquid ‘and supetheating of vapour refrigerant. Find : @® Powor required to run the system. (i) Cor, (Mutt Prossuro Systors) Pi Fig. P.2.74(a): Flow diagram Soin. : Given data: Te=80C, Ta = IC Ty =-20°C RE;=20TR RE; = 107R Condition neglecting undercooling of liquid —n Fig. P. 27.4(b) : P-b chart > From ph chart hy =S98kikg hy = 454 bullae hy =405kikeg hy = 440 KIkg he = hy = hy = 262 klkg . RE m = ap B ” 0.2586 kg/See. (New Syllabus wes academic year 22-23) (°7-97) Tech-Neo Publications_A SACHIN SHAH VentureHea: 9. Vontiation, AC & Refrigeration (SPPU-Sem 7Mect) ~ RE: _ 2043517 ™ = WD, > 405-262 Br = 0.4919 kySee. Py = (Power outputls = tn {hy-hi! 0.2586 | 454-398] = 448 RW P= (Power output); = riz [hy—hs] 0.4919 [440 - 405] = 17.21 KW Pi+ P= 14.48 + 17.21 Total power 1 31.69 kW COP of the system (10 + 20) x 3.517 31.69 (REx COP = DE COP = 3.32 ee Vex. 27.5 SEERA) A data pertaining to refrigeration system is & follows : ‘Two separate evaporators E; (10 TR) and E (20TR) at temperatures 5°C and 16°C respectively: Common condenser is at temperature 38°C. The liquid from the condenser is saturated. After evaporator E>, pressure reducing valve bring the pressure to the suction pressure of the compressor: Single compressor and individual expansion values are used in the system. Use refrigerant data provided. Make the neat flow diagram and a cycle diagram of P-h plane, Find: G) Power requirement to run the system. Gi) COP of the system. Retrigerant dete Q6 hia {h {ads hg ose] tes ely | 1st | cea oc a0 ae ase oot 148 [oa |ocennes| oon ess] est wt ssi SLES). Pag, Do, Ay Fig. P. 2.7.5: P-h chart from poh enartread all nthalples fy = hy atTa hy = 189.65 kd tkg, hg = hy at Te = 193.79 kuikg Entropy at point ‘7 Gy = Spat T= 0.6943 big x hy = hy=hs=hy at To = 72.56 kilkg RE: _ 10x3.52 ty = WD, ~ hi-hs 10x 3.52 = JRB.65 — 72.56 ~ 92360 ey, th Energy balance sing xh + gx =( stn +p) hy 0.2360 x 189.65 + 0.4594 x 193.79 (0.2360 + 0.4504) x hy ce by = 192.885 ki/ig ce hy = hy+ Ope [Taup—te] at Ty 192.885 = 189.65 + 0.70 [Tasp.~278] Tun = 281.90K (New Splabus wef academic year 22-23) (7-97) (Bl rece pubicatons..A SACHIN SHAR Vwng, Ventilation, AC & Roti |W Entropy at point 4 tion (SPPU-Sem 7-Mach) Now, Enthalpy at point ‘2’ hy = y+ Cp Toaa + ta] 0 202.51 + 0.7 [820.5 - 311) hy = 209,162 kilkg 0 1. | S = a+ Glo 722 | a ft = 0.6943 40.70 to. Se | = 0.70406 ki/kg. K | Process 1-2 Isentropic compression | = & | Ts 0.70406 = Sa+ Cy one| 2 | Tae | = 0.6880 + 0.7 logs| ape Tsu: = 920.50K | :. Power required to drive compressor, | = i Una Bi] = (ay +ahe) bp) | = [0.2360 + 0.4594) [209.162 - 192.384] | | | = 1L67kW RE _ 320x352 (COPloae = WD =~ 1167 COP = 9.04 Ex. 2:76 : A R12 refrigeration system as shown in Fig. P. 2.7.6, works with two evaporators, individual expansion valves, Individual compressor and single condenser. Draw the eycle on Pch diagram and calculate : (1) Mass of the refrigeration circulated to each evaporator, (2) Compressor power for each compressor and total power. (3) COP of the system. Assume the refrigerant leaving each evaporator is dry saturated, and the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser is subcooled to 30°C, compression is Isentropic in each compressor. — Fig. P. 2.7.60) 603.52 = 211.2 kW 50x3.52 = 176kW -20C Te = 00 40°C=T, Ty = 30° @ Mass of refrigerant flowing through each evaporator ( ti) RE, mh = From refrigeration chart, hy = SH4kikg hy hy = S52kiMkg hy = 366 keg hs = 229 kdikg. hg = hy = hy = 229g 211.2 He = EER = 186 kee For evaporator ~ 2 [Ex] (New Syllabus wef academic yer 22-23) (P7-97)thy = 1.430 kSiSee. Total mass ta = my +m, = 1.896 + 1.430 = 3.266 ke/sec (ID Power for each compressor and total power For compressor -1 thy thy ~ hy) = 1.836 [367 - 344) = 42.22 kW For compressor -2 P, = my (hy—h) = 1.430 [366-352] = 20.02 kW Total compressor work, P= PsP 42.22 + 20.02 = 62.24 kW (1) COP of the system RE;+RE, 211.2+176 Power ~ 60.24 COP = 6.42 Ex. 27.7: A compound refrigeration system is used for multi- load purposes, as shown in Fig. P. 2.7.7. R-12 is used as refrigerant. Find (a) the power required to run the system and (b) the coefficient of performance of the combined system. Use poh chart. There is no undereooling CoP = diagram 7 sem it hewn in Fg refrigeration various values, a8 read from thy for R12 are as follows: sathay of saturated vapour yp jain he Hs evaporator Py gy entering the fist compressor at ping hy = 188.19 kdikg Yl Entropy ftatrated Vapour refhguran, ty, 1 h S, = 0.702 kik K enthalpy of superheated vapour yy, Teasing the first compressor at point 2, hy = 195 kilkg Enthalpy of saturated vapour rep, leaving the Second evaporator BPs ote point 3 a hy = 19147 kdikg Enthalpy of saturated liquid refrigerany the condenser at 30° C at point 6, hy = br=hy= 64.6 kiikg : Saws, Lg | Fig, P27. Soin, : Given data sREs = 10 TR; ts = 3: ta = 10° Teh RF Fig. 2.7.7(a) We know that the mass of refrigerant pass through the first evaporator or the f& compressor, 210 RE: __210x10 mi = yah ~ [183.19 - 64.6] = 17.67kg/min (New Siistass wel academic year 2-23) (P7-97) (BhrechteoPbicains.ASACHISHNIED —(Hoating. Ventilation, AG & Refrigeration (SPPU-Gero 7M) dass of refrigerant passing through the second evaporator, 210 RE, mu hy hy 210720 T9197 648) ‘+ The refrigerant leaving the fiest compressor at point 2 in mixed with the refrigerant coming o¥t the recond evaporator at point 3 before entering into the second compressor. + The condition of refrigerant after mixing is shown by point 4 on the p-h diagram. The enthalpy at point 4 is given by smibg + maha ye ee 17.7 195 « 33% 191.74 139 kg/mm. = 193 he, + Mark point 4 on poh diagram such that hy = 193, aig. The Entropy at this point is 0.7 ki/kg K. + Now from point 4, draw a constant Entropy line intersecting the horizontal condenser pressure line at point 6 as shown in the Fig. P.2.7.7(. + The Enthalpy at point 5 as read from the ph diagram hy = 205 kiShg, (a) Power required to run the system We know that power required to run the first ‘compressor, Power [P] = and power required to run the second ‘compressor, (2m + ms) (hy hy) Pp ao beh (477 + 33) (205 — 193) 60 = 10.14 kW was Preseure Sysinrns) Page ra (2-27) (b) coetricient of performance of the combined system We know that the total refrigera the aystem, RE = 210 (RE: + REs) = 210010 + 20) = 6200 ki/min and total work done in effect of compressors, W = Px60=1362%60 C.0.P. of the system RE _ 6300 (COP ine = WD 75 se ta (A tingle compressor using R12 as refrigerant bas {three evaporators of eapacity 10 TR. 20 TR and 20 ‘TR. All the evaporators operate at ~ 10°C, and ‘vapour leaving the evaporator is dry and saturated. The condenser temperature is 40°C. Assuming Isentropie compression and no sub-cooling in th~ condenser. Find: (a) Mase flow rate of refrigerant through each evaporator. (&) Power required for the compressor. (© COPofthe system. Refer ph chart for R 12a © soin.: Given data: Te= 40°C: T. Subcooled Ts = 30°C RE, = 10TR: RE,=207R; 17.2 kimi am =10°C Fig. P.278 (New Syllabus wes academic year 22-23) (P7-97) Tech-Neo Publictions_A SACHIN SHAH Venture . a 1 i =aoo) Heatng, Vontiaton, ACE potigeraton (SPPU-SER yl (at Pressure Syston). Pagg Pon | = 64.1 kW P-h diagram Fig. F-27840) From (ph) diagram Enthalpy at different point by = 184 keg bjch, = 67EIKE 1D. Mass of refrigerant through each evaporator Refrigerating effect/kg RE =(hy-hy) = [184-67] = 117 bias . RE, 10x21 m= hy-kd UT ts hy = 214 kilkg my = 18.03 ke/min 20x 211 “7 = 9607 kg/min. REy__ax2it M7 54.10 g/min I) Power required to drive the compressor Total mass = Flow rate m =m+m+m = 18.03 + 96.07 + 64.1 = 108.2 kglmin Po = m {Compressor work] =m thy yd = AE? na — 164 119 COP of the system _Total refrigerating eff COP = Compre eet | RE,+RE, + RE, | =“ | 10+ 20+ 30}x 3517 - B41 | COP =3.9 | Ty ba : A Refrigeration aysion war ewt refrigerants has three aaa By 30TR at - 10°C, 20 TR. at 5°C and 19 a ‘he refrigerant leaving the evaporator ig saturated. The system is provided with age” compression, individual expansion valve ang intercolers. The condenser temperature ig 5% Assuming Isentropic compression in * compressor. Find the following : "I (a) The power required to run the system, (b) The COP of the system when the | refrigerant leaving the condenser is satan) BD som: Given data 1 Le a Fig. P.2.7.(a) : Multiple evaporator with compead compressor (New Slabs wes academic year 22-23) (P1-57) Tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAHVets !Fig. P.2.7.9(0) From the p-h chart thy = 188 kik, hy= 198k. hy = 194 keJ/kg., hy= 200 kJ/kg. y= 198 kil, hg= 212 ki/kg. coy has 78 kdlkg > (a)Compressor power | Wa = mfhy—h) 211 xREy 211% 30 bi-hy "188-78 = 57.55 kg/min = 0.96 ke/sec 51.55 = “Go [198-186] = 9.59 kW | Wehave, m, = Wa Similarly, RE)x 211 _hy-hy m = m+ thay 20x 211) 7198 - 194 5155 +(e cones = 95.91 kg/min ma 95.91 + Wa =p [by—hal = Go~ (200-194) Mass of refrigerant circulated to compressor - 2 REAx211) [hy-hy mo mat] Teshy |* [she |™ sora [ees + = 9591+ (eee 75 |*|ossae Is 95.91 = 116.0 kg/min (uti Pressure Systems) ..Page no. (2-29) My + Wa = Gp the— bel = YB pia 196) = 26.85 kw | «. Total compressor power W = Wat+Wat+Wo = 9.59 + 9.59 + 26.85 = 46 kW > ()COP of the system CoP = Sr (RE, + RE, + RE) x 3.517 ® COP = 4.584 Ex. 27.10: A R12 refrigeration system, as shown in Fig. P. 2.7.10(a), works with two evaporators, individual expansion valves, individual compressor and with a single condenser. Draw the cycle on p-h diagram and find : (a) The mass of refrigerant circulated in each evaporator. (&) The compressor power for each compressor and total power. evaporator is dry saturated, and the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser is subcooled to 30° C. compression is Isentropic in each compressor. Soln, Given : RE, = 30 TR, RE, =25TR Fig. P.27.10(a) (New Syllabus w.ef academic year 22-23) (P7-97) Tech-Neo Publications_A SACHIN SHAH Venture (©) The cop of the system. Assume, that the refrigerant leaving each | |Fig. P.27.1000) From p-h diagram By = 184 ki/kg, b= 216 ki/ke hy = 195 ki/kg, hy= 212 big hy = by=hy= 78 kdhkg > (@)Mass of refrigerants circulated in each evaporator For evaporator I 211xRE, hy—hs For evaporator I ‘211 x RE, Ma = “has = 45.08 ke/min > (@) Compressor power for each compressor and total power S FH hah) = AHS pre 186 = 318kW 211 x 30 184 — 78. 56.716 ke/min m = oWa = a thy -by = S98 (212-195) = 128kW «+ Total compressor power W = Wy + Wo=318 +128 = MBKW > (e)COP of the system (RE, + RE, 3.517) P= — COP = 431 (wut Pressu0 Systm) rs i et Fr retigeration syaten ori? Us refine 207R at — 6 at 7g | apace vapour Teaving the throg gd yh) BC. gerurated. The system is 5, Pony, | er val compressor tnd multnj. te ra ihe condenser temperature ig 4p Fad leaving the condenser is Saturateg Tiga pic compression in each compra. f refrigerant Dovring \ nh a evaporator im Gy Toyorer eid Ave the yy Gg The COP ofthe aystom. Gi + RE, = 20 } sain: Given data: RE; = 20 7p, a REy=10 TR RR, wal Pe es Cars| eP2 a aI i AE | LEG Comeau vA | 1 Fig. P.2.7.11(@) Fig. P, 2.7.11(b) (New Slabs wef academic yea 22-23) (F7-97) Tech-Neo Publications..A SACHIN SHAH Vetnation, AC & Refrigeration (SPPU-Som 7-Moch) Heating. Vo 7a) Mass of refrigerant flowing through y i cach evaporator For evaporator -I 211 RE, [ 2] zo |e m= “Ta-bio * LIX, 211x30 903 - iiascat* [Ton] *2571 = 42.75 ke/min = 0.712 ke/eee. For evaporator - IL 211 x RE, xs a = ea aux10 7 og ites-7e [ia] [26.71 + 42.75) = 37.5 ke/min_ 0.625 kg/sec. Ans. Oe (Mutt Pressure Systems) ..Page no_(2-31) > (b)Power required to drive the system Wer = my x fha~ hil 0.446 [212 - 192] = 8.9 kW Wa = m, x (hy—bsl 0.712 [209 - 195] = 9.96 kW Wes = myx fhg—hal = 0.625 (209 - 196] = 6.87 kW > () COP of the system (RE; + RE, + RE) x 3.517 CoP = aD _ 120-+30+ 10) «3.517 = 25.73 COP = 8.195 Ans. (Chapter Ends... 03,