Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

1. Sun is at a mean distance of about 27,000 light years from the centre of the Milky way galaxy and completes
one revolution about the galactic centre in about 225 million years. The linear speed of Sun is

a) 160 km s-1 b) 230 km s-1 c) 30 km s-1 d) 80 km s-1

Sol One light year: distance travelled by light in one year: 1 ly = 3 x 105 x 365 x 86400 km
Mean distance of the Sun from the center of the galaxy: r = 27,000 ly
Time period of revolution about galactic center: T = 225 x 106 years
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟
Time period of revolution: T = 𝑣
→v= 𝑇
2𝜋 𝑥 27000 𝑥 3 𝑥 105 𝑥 365 𝑥 86400
v= 225 𝑥 106 𝑥 365 𝑥 86400
≅ 230 km/s

2. Light from the nearest star ‘proxima centauri’ takes 4.25 light years to reach earth. The stellar parallax of this
star is about

a) 1.30 s b) 0.77 s c) 13.8 s d) 0.24 s

Sol Stellar parallax: The apparent change in position of a nearby

star during the time when earth completes one revolution
around sun.
1
The distance between the star and the earth: d = 𝑝

d: measured in parsec (1 pc = 3.26 ly)

p: measured in arc-second
4.25
Distance between the star and earth: d = 4.25 ly = 3.26 = 1.3 pc
1 1
Stellar parallax of the star: p = = = 0.77 arc-second
𝑑 1.3

3. A block of conductor with its area equal to ‘A’ and thickness ‘b’ is placed between the plates of a parallel
plate capacitor without touching either of the plates. If the area of the plates of the capacitor be ‘A’ each and
‘d’ be the separation between the plates, then the capacitance of the system after the introduction of the block
is

a) ∈0 b) ∈0 𝐴 c) ∈𝟎 𝑨 d) ∈0 𝐴
𝑑 𝑏 𝒃 𝑏
𝑑 (1 + ) 𝒅(𝟏− ) 𝑑 [1 + ( ) 2]
𝑑 𝒅 𝑑

Sol ∈0 𝐴
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor: C0 = 𝑑
(medium between the plates is air)
∈0 𝐴
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor: C = 𝑡
𝑑−𝑡 +
𝐾

(medium between the plates is dielectric of thickness ‘t’ and dielectric constant K)
Dielectric constant for metal (conductor): K = infinity
∈0 𝐴 ∈0 𝐴 ∈ 𝐴
0 ∈𝟎 𝑨
C= 𝑏 = 𝑏 = 𝑑−𝑏 = 𝒃
𝑑−𝑏 + 𝑑−𝑏 + 𝒅 (𝟏− )
𝐾 ∞ 𝒅

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4. The number of real solutions of the equation |𝑥 − |𝑥 − |𝑥 − 4|||= x2 – 4x is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) more than 2

Sol |𝑥 − |𝑥 − |𝑥 − 4|||= x2 – 4x, given equation is modulus function

−𝑥 : 𝑥 < 0 −(𝑥 − 4) : 𝑥 − 4 < 0 4−𝑥 : 𝑥<4
i.e. |𝑥| = { 0 : 𝑥 = 0 , here |𝑥 − 4| = { 0 : 𝑥−4=0 ={ 0 : 𝑥=4
𝑥 : 𝑥>0 𝑥−4 : 𝑥−4 > 0 𝑥 − 4 : 𝑥>4
⟹ |𝑥 − |𝑥 − |𝑥 − 4||| = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) …… (1)
As modulus function gives always non – negative so LHS is non – negative implies that RHS is also non –
negative
⟹ 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ≥ 0
By wavy curve method

⟹ 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ≥ 0 ⟹ 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 4
Case:- 1 when 𝑥 ≤ 0
⟹ |𝑥 − |𝑥 − |𝑥 − 4||| = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
⟹ |𝑥 − |𝑥 − (4 − 𝑥)|| = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
⟹ |𝑥 − |2𝑥 − 4|| = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
⟹ |𝑥 − (−(2𝑥 − 4))| = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥, 𝐴𝑠 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ 2𝑥 − 4 < 0 𝑆𝑜 |2𝑥 − 4| = −(2𝑥 − 4)
⟹ |3𝑥 − 4| = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ⟹ 4 − 3𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥, again 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ 3𝑥 − 4 < 0 so |3𝑥 − 4| = −(3𝑥 − 4)
1±√1+16 1±√17
⟹ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 4 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2
= 2
1+√17 1−√17 1+√17
⟹𝑥= 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2
→ As 𝑥 ≤ 0 so 𝑥 = 2 not satisfies.
So, for 𝑥 ≤ 0 equation (1) has one solution.
Case:- 2 when 𝑥 ≥ 4
⟹ |𝑥 − |𝑥 − (𝑥 − 4)|| = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
⟹ |𝑥 − |−4|| = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ⟹ |𝑥 − 4| = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥, As 𝑥 ≥ 4 𝑠𝑜 |𝑥 − 4| = 𝑥 − 4
⟹ 𝑥 − 4 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ⟹ (𝑥 − 4) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4 or if 𝑥 − 4 ≠ 0 then 𝑥 = 1
But 𝑥 = 1 not satisfies equation (1) because right side we will get negative. So only 𝑥 = 4 is the solution.
From case 1 and case 2 equation (1) has 2 solutions.

5. A body of mass 1.0 kg is pulled along a rough horizontal force of 5N for 10 s starting from rest. If the kinetic
friction is 𝜇k = 0.40, the amount of heat generated is equal to (assuming g = 10 ms-2)

a) 190 J b) 200 J c) 210 J d) 205 J

Sol Mass of the body: m = 1.0 kg

Horizontal force applied: F = 5 N
Frictional force: f = 𝜇𝑘 N = 𝜇𝑘 mg = 0.4 x 1 x 10 = 4 N
Resultant force on the body: Fnet = F – f = 5 – 4 = 1 N
𝐹 1
Acceleration of the body: a = 𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑚
= 1 = 1 m/s2
1 1
Distance travelled by the body: s = 2 at2 = 2 x 1 x 100 = 50 m
Work done against friction: wf = fs = 4 x 50 = 200 J
Heat generated = work done against friction: 200 J

6. Six dice are rolled simultaneously. The probability of getting at least four identical number is

a) 2250 b) 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟔 c) 2535 d) 2738

66 𝟔𝟔 66 66
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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol Total number of favorable outcomes

Six dice are rolled simultaneously: Probability(E) = = 𝑃(𝐸)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 possible 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
For one die possible outcomes = 6
So, for six dice possible outcomes = 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 66
Now probability of getting at least four identical numbers is
Case:- 1 when four are identical: In this case we have two subcases
6!
( 6C1×5C1× 4C1× ) 6×5×4×6×5 1800
4!
(1) 4 are identical and other two are different: 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 66
= 66
= 66
6!
( 6C1×5C1× ) 6×5×6×5 450
4! 2!
(2) 4 are identical and other two are same then: 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 66
= 66
= 66
6!
( 6C1×5C1× ) 6×5×6 180
5!
Case:- 2 when five are identical: 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 66
= 66
= 66
6 6!
( C1× ) 6
6!
Case:- 3 when six are identical: 𝑃(𝐸4 ) = =
66 66
1800+450+180+6 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟔
So 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 ) + 𝑃(𝐸4 ) = =
66 𝟔𝟔

7. The ceiling of a long hall is 45 m high. The maximum horizontal distance that a ball thrown with a speed of
50 ms-1 can go without hitting the ceiling is nearly equal to (g = 10 ms-2)

a) 250 m b) 240 m c) 230 m d) 300 m

Sol Height of the ceiling: H = 45 m and Speed of the ball: u = 50 m/s

𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2500 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
Maximum height attained by ball: Height of ceiling: H = → 45 = → sin 𝜃 = 0.6 → 𝜃 = 370
2𝑔 20
𝑢2 sin 2𝜃 2500 𝑥 sin 74
Maximum horizontal distance travelled by the ball: R = 𝑔
= 10
= 240 m

8. The tangents drawn from a certain point P to the parabola 2y = x2 – 2 are also tangents to the parabola
4y = x2 – 10 x + 37. The sum of the coordinates of P is

a) 10 b) 6 c) 0 d) −10

Sol Equation of parabola’s are given 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2 and 4𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 37

⟹ 𝑥 2 = 2(𝑦 + 1) …… (1) and (𝑥 − 5)2 = 4(𝑦 − 3) …… (2)
Equation of tangents are given as
1
𝑥 = 𝑚𝑦 + 2𝑚 + 𝑚 …… (3) for equation (1)
1
𝑥 = 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑚 − 3𝑚 + 5 …… (4) for equation (2)
According to question both are identical/same
1 1 1 1
⟹ 𝑚𝑦 + 2𝑚 + 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑚 − 3𝑚 + 5 ⟹ 2𝑚 − 𝑚 + 4𝑚 − 5 = 0 ⟹ 𝑚 − 2𝑚 + 8𝑚3 − 10𝑚2 = 0
⟹ −𝑚 + 8𝑚3 − 10𝑚2 = 0 ⟹ 8𝑚2 − 10𝑚 − 1 = 0 ……(*)
From equation (3)
1
𝑥 = 𝑚1 𝑦 + 2𝑚 + 𝑚1 …… (3’)
1
1
𝑥 = 𝑚2 𝑦 + 2𝑚 + 𝑚2 …… (3”)
2
1 1 1
On solving above two equations: 0 = (𝑚1 − 𝑚2 )𝑦 + 2 (𝑚 − 𝑚 ) + (𝑚1 − 𝑚2 )
1 2
1
⟹𝑌= 2𝑚1 𝑚2
− 1 …… (5)
𝑚1 +𝑚2
⟹𝑋= …… (6) from (3’)
2𝑚1 𝑚2
Now sum of coordinates
5
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 + 1 +1
𝑋+𝑌 = −1 = 4 − 1 = −9 − 1 = −𝟏𝟎
2𝑚1 𝑚2 −1
2( 8 )

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9. A yo – yo of mass ‘M’ and radius of the inner hub ‘r’ is completely wound with a string. It is allowed to start
unwinding with zero downward initial velocity. The moment of inertia of the yo – yo about an axis passing
through its centre of mass and normal to the discs is I. The acceleration with which the yo – yo falls when
I = Mr2 can be given by

a) a=g b) a = g/2 c) a = 2g/3 d) a = g/4

Sol For translation: Fnet = Ma → Mg – T = Ma ---- (1)

𝑎
For rotation: τnet = Iα = Mr2 𝑟 = Mra → Tr = Mra → T = Ma ---- (2)
From (1) and (2): Mg – T = Ma → Mg – Ma = Ma → Mg = 2Ma → a = g/2

10. What is the least possible length of a line segment that cuts a triangle with sides 3, 4, 5 in to two geometrical
figures having equal area?

a) √12 b) √6 c) √5 d) 2

Sol Triangle with sides 3, 4, 5 which is a right-angle triangle.

According to question a line segment divides into two parts with equal area but
for shortest length line segment will intersects bigger sides i.e. 4, 5 and it forms
1
isosceles triangle: Now in ∆𝐴𝑃𝑄, Area = 3, ⟹ 2 (𝐴𝑃)2 × sin𝜃 = 3
3 1 3
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, sin𝜃 = 5 , ⟹ 2 (𝐴𝑃)2 × 5 = 3 ⟹ AP = √10
4
And ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, cos𝜃 = 5 , and using cosine rule in
(𝐴𝑃)2 +(𝐴𝑄)2 −(𝑃𝑄)2 4 10+10−(𝑃𝑄)2
∆𝐴𝑃𝑄,cos𝜃 = 2(𝐴𝑃)(𝐴𝑄)
⟹5= 2×10
⟹ (𝑃𝑄)2 = 4 ⟹ PQ = 2

11. A plane spiral of N turns, having the radii of internal and external loops as r1 and r2 carries a current I. The
magnetic induction at the centre of the spiral will be

a) 𝜇0 𝑁𝐼 𝑟 b) 𝝁𝟎 𝑵𝑰 𝒓𝟐 c) 𝜇0 𝑁𝐼 𝑟 d) 𝜇0 𝑁𝐼 𝑟
(𝑟2 − 𝑟1 )
ln 𝑟2 ln (𝑟2 − 𝑟1 )
ln 𝑟1 2(𝑟2 − 𝑟1 )
ln 𝑟1
1 𝟐(𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓𝟏 ) 𝒓𝟏 2 2

Sol Consider an infinitesimal thickness dr at a distance r from the center of the spiral.
𝑁
No. of turns in the infinitesimal thickness: dN = 𝑟 dr
2 𝑟1
−
Magnetic field at the center of the spiral due to current infinitesimal thickness:
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑁 𝜇0 𝐼 𝑁 𝜇 𝑁𝐼 1
dB = 2𝑟
= 2𝑟 𝑟2 − 𝑟1
dr = 2(𝑟 0− 𝑟 ) 𝑟 dr
2 1
𝜇0 𝑁𝐼 𝑟 1 𝝁𝟎 𝑵𝑰
B = ∫ 𝑑𝐵 = ∫2
2(𝑟2 − 𝑟1 ) 𝑟1 𝑟
𝑑𝑟 =
𝟐(𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓𝟏 )

12. The number of nonzero real solutions of the equations xx +y = y3, yx+y = x12 is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) More than 2
Sol 3 𝑥+𝑦
Given equations are 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑦 3 and 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥 12 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⁄𝑥+𝑦 and 𝑦 ⁄12 =𝑥
3 𝑥+𝑦 3 𝑥+𝑦
⟹ 𝑦 ⁄𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑦 ⁄12 , 𝑦≠0⟹ 𝑥+𝑦
= 12
(base same ⟹ power same or base = 1)
If base i.e. 𝑦 = 1 then 𝑥 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
3 𝑥+𝑦
If 𝑦 ≠ 1 then 𝑥+𝑦 = ⟹ (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 36 ⟹ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = ± 6
12
𝑥+𝑦
When 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 then 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 ⟹ 𝑥 6 = 𝑦 3 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥 12 ⟹ 𝑦 6 = 𝑥 12 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥 put in 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6, ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 6 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
2

⟹ 𝑥 = 2, − 3 (So, ⟹ 𝑥 = 1, 2, − 3, more than 2 solutions)

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13. Two identical circular coils are carrying currents i1 and i2 are suspended from a torsion free cotton thread in
place in a region of uniform magnetic field B. Each time the coils are given a small angular displacement
from their respective equilibrium positions. The time period of the small torsional oscillations was found to be
T
T1 and T2. The ratio T1 would be
2

a) 𝑖1 b) i2 c) 𝑖1 d) 𝒊𝟐
√ √
𝑖2 i1 𝑖2 𝒊𝟏

Sol The coils are identical: I1 = I2 = I

For equilibrium: deflecting torque = restoring torque:
𝐵𝑖𝐴𝑛
BiAn = C𝜃 → C = 𝜃 → C ∝ I (B, A and n are constants)
𝐼 1 1 𝑻 𝒊
Time period of torsional oscillation: T = 2𝜋 √𝐶 → T ∝ →T∝ → 𝑻 𝟏 = √𝒊 𝟐
√𝐶 √𝑖 𝟐 𝟏

14. A triangle has a side of length 8 units, one of the angles of the triangle
on this side is 600. If the in radius of the triangle is √3 units, the
perimeter of the triangle is

(a) 15√3 (b) 24 (c) 12 √3 (d) 20

Sol AD, BE, CF are angular bisectors. ‘I’ is incenter for ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
Let ∠𝐴 = 600 , 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑐 = 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠, 𝑟 = √3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟 = (𝑠 − 𝑎)tan 2 = (𝑠 − 𝑏)tan 2 = (𝑠 − 𝑐)tan 2 ⟹ √3 = tan300 (𝑠 − 𝑎) = (𝑠 − 𝑎) = √3. √3 = 3
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
Here 𝑠 = 2 ⟹ 2𝑠 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 and 2𝑠 = 6 + 2𝑎 ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 6 + 2𝑎 ⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 6 as 𝑐 = 8
Then ⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 2
𝑏2 +𝑐 2 −𝑎 2 1 𝑏2 +82 −(𝑏+2)2
Now using cosine rule: cos𝐴 = 2𝑏𝑐 ⟹ 2 = 2.𝑏.8
, As 𝐴 = 600
⟹ 8𝑏 = 𝑏 2 + 64 − (𝑏 2 + 4𝑏 + 4) ⟹ 8𝑏 = 64 − 4𝑏 − 4 ⟹ 12𝑏 = 60
⟹ 𝑏 = 5, then 𝑎 = 7 because 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 2
⟹ Perimeter = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 7 + 5 + 8 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

15. Two cells with emf E1 and E2 have internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively. The two cells are connected in
series with an external resistance and the current through the external resistance is found to be 1.5 A. When
the polarities of the cells are reversed this current is found to be 0.5 A. The ratio of the emfs of the cells is

a) 2.5 b) 1.5 c) 2 d) 4

Sol 𝐸1 +𝐸2
Current in the circuit in the initial configuration: i1 = 𝑟 = 1.5 ---- (1)
1 +𝑟2 +𝑅
𝐸1 −𝐸2
Current in the circuit in the final configuration: i2 = = 0.5 ---- (2)
𝑟1 +𝑟2 +𝑅
𝐸 +𝐸 1.5
(1) / (2) gives: 𝐸1 −𝐸2 = 0.5 = 3
1 2
𝐸
E1 + E2 = 3E1 – 3E2 → 4E2 = 2E1 → 𝐸1 = 2
2

16. A point P (8, 4) divides a chord, lying completely in the first quadrant, of a parabola y2 = 4x in the ratio
1:4. The mid – point of the chord has coordinates

a) (17.5, 8) b) (18.5, 7) c) (19.5, 6) d) (20.5, 5)

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Sol A point P (8, 4) divides a chord, lying completely in the first quadrant, of
parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 in the ratio 1: 4 lies in the first quadrant implies both
coordinates are positive
Let coordinates of A are (𝑥1 2 , 2𝑥1 ) and coordinates of A are (𝑥2 2 , 2𝑥2 )
𝑚𝑥2 +𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 +𝑛𝑦1
Apply section formula, 𝑥 = 𝑚+𝑛
, 𝑦= 𝑚+𝑛
4𝑥1 2 +𝑥2 2 8𝑥1 +2𝑥2
According to question: 8 = 1+4
and 4 = 1+4
2 2
⟹ 4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 40 and 4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 10 ⟹ 𝑥2 = 10 − 4𝑥1
⟹ 4𝑥1 2 + (10 − 4𝑥1 )2 = 40 ⟹ 4𝑥1 2 + 100 − 80𝑥1 + 16𝑥1 2 = 40
⟹ 20𝑥1 2 − 80𝑥1 + 60 = 0 ⟹
𝑥1 2 − 4𝑥1 + 3 = 0 ⟹ (𝑥1 − 1)(𝑥1 − 3) = 0
⟹ 𝑥1 = 1, 3, if 𝑥1 = 1 then 𝑥2 = 6 then A (1, 2) and B (36, 12)
̅̅̅̅ 𝑖. 𝑒. (1+36 , 2+12) = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟓, 𝟕)
Now mid – point of 𝐴𝐵 2 2

17. The de Broglie wavelength associated with neutrons in thermal equilibrium with matter at temperatures 300 K
and at 400 K are in the ratio close to

a) 1:1 b) 1.15:1 c) 1:2.3 d) 1:2.8

Sol ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ 1
de Broglie wavelength of matter waves: λ = 𝑃 = = = →λ∝
√2𝑚𝑘 3
√2𝑚 𝑘𝐵 𝑇 √3𝑚𝑘𝐵 𝑇 √𝑇
2

𝜆1 𝑇 400 4
𝜆2
= √𝑇2 = √300 = √3 = 1.15
1

18. The sum of all real values of 𝛼 for which the equation x3− 7x + 𝛼 = 0 has two real roots differing by 1 is

a) 0 b) 6 c) 12 d) −12

Sol Given equation 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 𝛼 = 0 is a cubic equation.

So, it has 3 roots. According to question two real roots are differ by 1.
If two roots are real, then third root is also real.
Let roots of equation 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 𝛼 = 0 …… (1) are a, b, c. Then 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 ⟹ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1
So, roots are 𝑎, 𝑎 + 1, 𝑐
Consider general equation 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 = 0 and if 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are the roots of equation then by Vieta’s
theorem
−𝑏 𝑐 −𝑑
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 = , 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = , 𝛼𝛽𝛾 =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Now, 𝑎 + + 1) + 𝑐 = 0 ⟹ 2𝑎 + 𝑐 + 1 = 0 …… (2)
(𝑎
And 𝑎(𝑎 + 1) + (𝑎 + 1)𝑐 + 𝑎. 𝑐 = −7 ⟹ 𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 = −7 ⟹
𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐 = −7 ……(3)
⟹ 𝑐 = −2𝑎 − 1 from equation (2), put in equation (3)
2
⟹𝑎 +𝑎+ (2𝑎 + 1)(−2𝑎 − 1) = −7 ⟹ 𝑎2 + 𝑎 − (2𝑎 + 1)2 = −7 ⟹ 𝑎2 + 𝑎 − (4𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 1) = −7
⟹ −3𝑎 − 3𝑎 + 6 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 2 = 0 ⟹ (𝑎 + 2)(𝑎 − 1) = 0 ⟹ 𝑎 = −2, 1
2

⟹ 𝛼 = 6, − 6
so, sum of values of 𝜶 = 𝟎

19. Which of the following physical quantities has the unit volt – second?

a) Energy b) Electric flux c) Magnetic flux d) Inductance

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol Energy: joule (Nm): ML2T-2

𝑉
Electric flux: weber (𝑚 𝑚2 = 𝑉𝑚): ML3T-3I-1
𝑁 𝑁𝑚 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Magnetic flux: weber (𝐴𝑚 𝑚2 = 𝑎𝑚𝑝 = 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
: 𝑉𝑠): ML2T-2I-1
𝑤𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟
Inductance: henry ( ): ML3T-3I-2
𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒

20. A dice is rolled 5 time. The probability that there are at least two equal numbers among the outcomes
obtained is

a) 319 b) 𝟒𝟗 c) 13 d) 4
324 𝟓𝟒 18 9

Sol A dice is rolled 5 times. So total number of possible outcomes = 65

E = at least two equal numbers among the outcomes, 𝐸 𝑐 = no two equal numbers. Hence P(E) + P (E c ) = 1
6
C5 × 5! 𝟒𝟗
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 𝑐 ) = 1 − 5
=
6 𝟓𝟒

21. There is a uniformly charged non – conducting solid sphere made of material of dielectric constant 1. If the
electric potential at infinity is taken to be zero, then the potential at its surface is V. If we take the electric
potential at its surface to be zero, then potential at the centre will be

a) 3V / 2 b) V/2 c) V d) Zero

Sol 1 𝑞 3 1 𝑟2 3 1 𝑟2
Electric potential inside a non-conducting charged sphere: Vin = ( − ) = Vs ( − )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2 2 𝑅2 2 2 𝑅2
3
Electric potential at the center (r = 0) of the non-conducting charged sphere: Vc = 2 Vs
1 𝑞 1 𝑞
Given: potential at the surface is zero: Vs = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅
− 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅
=0
0 0
3 𝟏
Potential at the center: Vc = 2 Vs – Vs = 𝟐 Vs

22. Suppose 5 cos x + 12 cos y = 13. The maximum possible value of 5 sin x + 12 sin y is

a) √13 b) √𝟏𝟐𝟎 c) √240 d) 13

Sol Given 5 cos x + 12 cos y = 13 …… (1)

To find 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 12𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 (𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)
Let 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 12𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡 …… (2)
Now squaring and adding equation (1) and (2) i.e.
(5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 12𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)2 + (5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 12𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)2 = 132 + 𝑡 2
⟹ 25cos2x + 144 cos2y + 120 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 25 sin2x + 144 sin2y + 120 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 169 + t2
⟹ 25(cos2x + sin2x) + 144(cos2y + sin2y) + 120(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 ) = 169 + t2
⟹ 𝑡 2 = 120 cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) As cos𝜃 ∈ [−1, 1] so − 1 ≤ cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) ≤ 1
So, maximum value of cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1
⟹ 𝑡 2 = 120 × 1 ⟹ 𝒕 = √𝟏𝟐𝟎

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23. If speed of light (C), acceleration due to gravity (g) and pressure (p) are taken to be fundamental units, then
dimension of universal gravitational constant (G) is

a) CgP-3 b) C2g3 P-2 c) C0g2 P-1 d) C2g2 P-2

Sol Universal gravitational constant: G = CagbPc

[M-1L3T-2] = [LT-1]a [LT-2]b [ML-1T-2]c
[M-1L3T-2] = Mc La + b – c T-a – 2b – 2c
Comparing the powers of similar terms: c = −1
a + b – c = 3 and −𝑎 – 2b – 2c = −2
Solving the above equations: b = 2 and a = 0
Universal gravitational constant: G = Ca gb Pc = C0g2 P-1

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
24. Let f (x) = { 2 sin x, for 0 < x ≤ , , for 2 ≤ x < 𝜋 . Then
2 2

𝜋
(a) nowhere continuous (0, 𝜋) (b) continuous on (0, 𝜋) expect at x = 2
(c) continuous on (0, 𝜋) but nowhere differentiable (d) differentiable at all points of (0, 𝝅)
𝜋 𝜋
Sol 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
2
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋 𝜋 ,
2
, f𝑜𝑟 2
≤ 𝑥 < 𝜋
Here 𝑓(𝑥) is a piece wise function.
𝜋
So, continuity and differentiability we check where interval is breaking 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑥 = 2
For continuity LHL = RHL = functional value
𝜋
𝑖. 𝑒. lim
𝜋 − 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ( )
𝑥→ 𝑥→
𝜋+ 2
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
lim
𝜋−
𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝜋− 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 =
𝑥→ 𝑥→ 2
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
And lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 2 = 2
and 𝑓 (2) = 2
, hence function is continuous.
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2
𝜋
For differentiability at 𝑥 = 2 , RHD = LHD
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 𝑓( +ℎ)−𝑓( ) −
𝑓′ ( ) = lim 2 2
= lim 2 2
= 0
2 ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ
𝜋
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 2 . So 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous and differentiable for all 𝒙 ∈ (𝟎, 𝝅)

25. A wave propagating along X – axis is represented by y = a sin (At – Bx + C) where y is the displacement of
the particle, a, the amplitude of the wave and t is the time. If A, B and C are three constants then the
𝑎𝐵𝐶
dimension of ( ) is the same as that of
𝐴

a) length b) Mass c) Time d) Velocity

Sol Equation of the wave: y = a sin (At – Bt + C)

a is amplitude: [L]
C is a dimensionless constant / At is a dimensionless constant: [T-1] / Bx is a dimensionless constant: [L-1]
𝑎𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐿−1
Dimensions of ( ): −1 = [T]
𝐴 𝑇

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26. The sides of a triangle are 8, 10, x where x is a positive integer. The number of possible values of x for which
triangle becomes acute is

a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3

Sol Given sides of a triangle are 8, 10, x where ‘x’ is positive integer for acute angle triangle.
In Case – 1 𝑥 = √102 − 82 = √36 = 6
So, x is greater than 6 because angle cannot be 900
In Case – 2 𝑥 = √102 + 82 = √164 = 12.80
So, x should be less than 12.80 so that the angle is not 900
So, x value lies in 6 < 𝑥 ≤ 12 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑥 = 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. hence ‘6’ values of ‘x’ are possible.

27. The speed (v in m /s) and time (t in second) for an object moving along a straight line are related as
t2 − 2√2 vt + 50 = 0. The possible values of v is

a) v ≥ 5 m/s only b) v ≥ 10 m/s only c) v ≥ 15 m/s only d) v ≥ 25 m/s only

Sol Relation between time and speed of the particle: t2 - 2√2 vt + 50 = 0

For real roots of the quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0): √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0
√8𝑣 2 − 4 𝑥 1 𝑥 50 ≥ 0 → √8𝑣 2 − 200 ≥ 0 → 8v2 ≥ 200 → v2 ≥ 25 → v ≥ 5 m/s

28. 1
There are n teachers in a school and all possible 4 member committees are formed. Among these, exactly 20
th part of the committees have 2 fixed members. The sum of the digits of n is

a) 8 b) 7 c) 6 d) 5

Sol There are ‘n’ teachers in a school. For a committee of 4 member we have to choose 4 out of ‘n’ members: nC4
1 1 n
Now part of committee is . C4 for 2 fixed members n-2C2.
20 20

(because when we fixed 2 members, we left (n – 2) teachers and out of that we need to choose 2 i.e. n-2C2.)
1 𝑛×(𝑛−1)×(𝑛−2)×(𝑛−3) (𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)
According to question 20.nC4 = n-2C2. ⟹ nC4 = 20. n-2C2 ⟹ 4×3×2×1
= 20 × 2×1
2
⟹ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1) = 240 ⟹ 𝑛 − 𝑛 − 240 = 0 ⟹ (𝑛 − 16)(𝑛 + 15) = 0 ⟹ 𝑛 = 16
⟹ sum of digits = 1 + 6 = 7

29. A chamber is enclosed in a thermally insulated cover and a partition wall separates it into two parts A and B.
Part A is filled up with an ideal gas at pressure PA and has a volume VA. The other part (part B) is evacuated
and has a volume VB. The partition wall is now removed. Where the equilibrium is set in. The pressure P in
the entire chamber is

a) p = pA b) 𝑝𝐴 (𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵 ) c) 𝒑𝑨 𝑽𝑨 d) 𝑝𝐴 𝑉𝐵
p= p= p= 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵
𝑉𝐵 𝑽𝑨 + 𝑽𝑩

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol When the partition wall is removed, the gas expands into vacuum.
This type of expansion is known as free expansion.
There is no change in internal energy (no work) in such type of expansion.
So, the temperature of the system remains constant.
𝑷𝑨 𝑽𝑨
Boyle’s law: PAVA = P (VA + VB) → P = 𝑽
𝑨 + 𝑽𝑩

30. Let (1 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 )2018 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + …… + a4036 x4036. The last digit of a0 + a2 + a4 +……+ a4036 is

a) 0 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9

Sol (1 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 )2018 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + … + a4036 x4036

To find a0 + a2 + a4 +……+ a4036 i.e. sum of even coefficients. We know that if 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial then
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
𝑓(1) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 and 𝑓(−1) = 𝑎0 − 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 (−1)𝑛
𝑓(1) + 𝑓(−1) = 2(𝑎0 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎4 + ⋯ )
𝑓(1)+𝑓(−1) (1+1 −3)2018 +(1−1 −3)2018 (−1)2018 +(−3)2018 1+32018
⟹ (𝑎0 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎4 + ⋯ ) = 2
= 2
= 2
= 2
Now for last digit of 32018 we will use congruence under mod10
So 31 ≡ 3(𝑚𝑜𝑑10) ⟹ 32 ≡ 9(𝑚𝑜𝑑10) ⟹ 33 ≡ 7(𝑚𝑜𝑑10) ⟹ 34 ≡ 1(𝑚𝑜𝑑10) ⟹ 32016 ≡ 1(𝑚𝑜𝑑10)
⟹ 32018 ≡ 32 (𝑚𝑜𝑑10) ⟹ 32018 ≡ 9(𝑚𝑜𝑑10)
1+32018 1+9
So last digit of = =𝟓
2 2

31. The figure shows some of the field lines of an electric field. The figure suggests that

a) EA > EB > EC b) EA = EB = EC c) EA = EC > EB d) EA = EC < EB

Sol Concentration (closeness) of electric field lines indicates high intensity

of the electric field.
At points A and C, the field lines are at same separation: EA = EC.
At point B, the field lines are separated by large distance:
EB < EA and EB < EC

32. 2
The value of the integral ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 {𝑥}) dx, where {x} denotes the fractional parts of x is

a) 0 b) 4 c) − 𝟒 d) −2
𝜋2 𝝅𝟐 𝜋2

Sol 2
∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 {𝑥}) dx, where {x} denotes the fractional parts of ‘x’ i.e. {𝑥} ∈ [0, 1) ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ
⟹ when 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) then {x} = x and when 𝑥 ∈ (1, 2) then {x} = x – 1 because {𝑥} ∈ [0, 1)
2 1 2
⟹ ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 {𝑥}) dx = ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 {𝑥}) dx + ∫1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 {𝑥}) dx
1 2
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx + ∫1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 (𝑥 − 1)) dx
1 2
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx + ∫1 𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 ] dx
1 2
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx − ∫1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx
𝑑
apply I LATE: ∫ 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx = 𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) dx − ∫ (𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 cos 𝜋𝑥
= 𝑥. − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥. + 2 +𝐶
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 cos 𝜋𝑥 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 cos 𝜋𝑥 2 1 1 1 1 −𝟒
Now apply limits: 𝑥. 𝜋 + 𝜋2 | − 𝑥. 𝜋 + 𝜋2 | ⟹ (0 − 𝜋2 − 0 − 𝜋2 ) − (0 + 𝜋2 − 0 + 𝜋2 ) = 𝝅𝟐
0 1

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33. The moment of the force F = 4i + 5j−6k acting at the point (2, 0, -3) and about the axis passing through a
point (2, -2, -2) is given by

a) −7i – 4j – 8k b) −7i – 8j – 4k c) −4i – j – 8k d) −8i – 4j – 7k

Sol Force on the particle: 𝐹̅ = 4i + 5j − 6k and Position vector: 𝑟̅ = 𝑟̅2 − 𝑟̅1 = (2i – 3k) − (2i – 2j – 2k) = 2j – k
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
Moment of force: 𝜏̅ = 𝑟̅ x 𝐹̅ = [0 2 −1] = i (−12 + 5) –j (0 + 4) + k (0 − 8) = −7i – 4j – 8k
4 5 −6

34. 𝑥 1 2
𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4 +𝛾4
If 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are the roots of |1 𝑥 2| then 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾2 equals
1 2 𝑥

a) 1 b) 7 c) 1 d) 6
7
6
Sol 𝑥 1 2
|1 𝑥 2| = 0, ⟹ 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) + 1(2 − 𝑥) + 2(2 − 𝑥) ⟹ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 3(2 − 𝑥) = 0
1 2 𝑥
⟹ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 6 − 3𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 1 is root. (using synthetic division)
⟹ 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
𝛼 4 + 𝛽4 +𝛾4 1+16+81 98
⟹ 𝑥 = 1, 2, − 3; Then 𝛼 = 1, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = −3; So 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾2 = 1+4+9
= 14 = 𝟕

35. If all nuclear reactions in the sun now were to suddenly stop forever, then
(A) Distance between planets and sun would decrease.
(B) Angular momentum of planets would increase.
(C) Inner planets will be engulfed by the sun.
(D) Speed of rotation of the sun about its own axis would increase

Sol The nuclear fusion reaction taking place in sun generates lot of heat energy. Due to high temperature of the
sun, the matter (hydrogen and other gases) expands outward.
At the same time, due to high mass of the sun, the gravitational effects are so huge that the escaping gases
would be pulled towards the center, thus giving sun a spherical shape.
When the nuclear fusion reactions suddenly stop, the gravitational force pulls the entire mass of the sun
towards the center, reducing the radius to a very small value.
Due to this the moment of inertia of sun decreases and angular velocity of rotation increases: L = Iω.
Angular momentum is conserved as there is no external torque acting on sun.

36. Three well known stars (a) Procyon (b) Antares and (c) Vega are respectively in the constellation

(a) Orion, Sagittarius and Scorpios (b) Orion, Taurus and Ursa major
(c) Canis minor, Scorpius and Lyra (d) Scorpios, Canes minor and Leo

Sol Procyon: Canis Minor / Antares: Scorpius / Vega: Lyra

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

37. One gram of Radium, with atomic weight 226, emits 4 x 1010 particles per second. The half-life of Radium is

a) 4.6 x 1010 s b) 4.6 x 109 s c) 4.6 x 1012 s d) 4.6 x 1014 s

Sol 𝑑𝑁
No. of particles emitted by Radium: = 4 x 1010 per sec
𝑑𝑡
1
No. of radium atoms: 226 x 6.023 x 1023 = 2.67 x 1021
𝑑𝑁
Radioactive decay law: 𝑑𝑡
= λN → 4 x 1010 = λ x 2.67 x 1021 → λ = 1.5 x 10-11
0.693 0.693
Half-life of radium: T = λ = 1.5 𝑥 10−11 = 4.62 x 1010 s

38. Let ⟨𝑎𝑛 ⟩n≥ 0 be a geometric progression with common ratio r, |𝑟| < 1. Let s1 = ∑∞ ∞
𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 , s2 = ∑𝑘=0 𝑎2𝑘
𝑠1 5 𝑠
and s3 = ∑∞𝑘=0 𝑎3𝑘 . Suppose = Then 2 equals
𝑠2 4 𝑠3

a) 5 b) 25 c) 𝟐𝟏 d) 9
4
24 𝟐𝟎 10

Sol ⟨𝑎𝑛 ⟩n≥ 0 is a geometric progression with common ratio r, |𝑟| < 1.
𝑆1 5 𝑆2
Given 𝑆1 = ∑∞ ∞ ∞
𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 , 𝑆2 = ∑𝑘=0 𝑎2𝑘 , and 𝑆3 = ∑𝑘=0 𝑎3𝑘 , and 𝑆 = 4, 𝑆 =?
2 3
𝑎
Sum of infinite geometric progression = 𝑆∞ = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + ⋯ ∞ =
1−𝑟
0 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
⟹ 𝑆1 = 1−𝑟 , 𝑆2 = 1−𝑟0 2 and 𝑆3 = 1−𝑟0 3
𝑎0 𝑎0 1 3 63
𝑆1 5 5 1−𝑟 2 5 1 𝑆2 1−𝑟 3 1−( ) 63×16 𝟐𝟏
1−𝑟 1−𝑟2 4 64
Given 𝑆2
= ⟹ 4
𝑎0 = ⟹ 4 1−𝑟
= 4
⟹𝑟= ⟹ 4 𝑆3
= 𝑎0 = 1−𝑟 2
= 1 2
= 15 = 64×15 = 𝟐𝟎
1−𝑟2 1−𝑟3 1−( ) 16
4

39. An electric dipole of moment P is lying on a plane in a uniform electric field E0 with the dipole axis along the
filed. The dipole on the plane is rotated by an angle 600 keeping its centre of mass fixed. The potential energy
of the dipole in its new position will be

a) −pE0 b) −(pE0) / 2 c) −(pE0) / 3 d) −(pE0) / 4

Sol Potential energy of dipole: U = −PE cos 𝜃

U = − PE0 cos 600 = −(pE0) / 2

40. 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥
Let I1 = ∫0 3 and I2 = ∫0 . Then 4I1 + 3I2 equals
1+ √𝑥 1+ 4√𝑥

a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 7

Sol 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥
Let I1 = ∫0 3 and I2 = ∫0
1+ √𝑥 1+ 4√𝑥
1 𝑑𝑥 3 1 3𝑦 2
Now, 𝐼1 = ∫0 1+ 3 𝑥 , let √𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 ⟹ ∫0 1+𝑦 𝑑𝑦,
√
⟹ 3𝑦 2 = (3𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 1) + 3
1 1 1
(3𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 1) + 3 3 𝑦2
⟹ 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (3(𝑦 − 1) + ) 𝑑𝑦 = 3 [ − 𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑦 + 1)]|
1+𝑦 𝑦+1 2 0
0 0
1 1
⟹ 𝐼1 = 3 [ − 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 − 0 + 0 + 0] = 3 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 − )
2 2

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Now for 𝐼2
1 𝑑𝑥 1 4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
I2 = ∫0 4 , let 4√𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑦 4 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 ⟹ I2 = ∫0 1+𝑦
1+ √ 𝑥
⟹ 4𝑦 3 = (𝑦 + 1)(4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) − 4
1 1
(𝑦 + 1)(4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) − 4 1
⟹ 𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝐼2 = ∫ [(𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 1) − ( )] 𝑑𝑦
𝑦+1 𝑦+1
0 0
3 2 1
𝑦 𝑦 1 1
= 4[ − + 𝑦 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑦 + 1)]| = 4 [ − + 1 − log(2)]
23 2 0
3 2
5
⟹ 𝐼2 = 4 [ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2] ⟹ 4𝐼1 + 3𝐼2 = 𝟒
6

41. The wavelength of H𝛼 line from hydrogen discharge tube in a laboratory is 656 nm. The corresponding
radiation received from two galaxies A and B have wavelengths of 648 nm and 688 nm respectively. Then

(A) A is approaching the earth with a speed of 2.4 x 104 kms-1

(B) B is approaching the earth with a speed of 1 x 104 kms-1
(C) A is receding from the earth with a speed of 3.6 x 104 kms-1
(D) B is receding the earth with a speed of 1.5 x 104 kms-1

Sol Wavelength of Hα line in the laboratory: 656 nm

Wavelength received from galaxy A: 648 nm
∆𝜆 𝑣 656−648 𝑣
Doppler shift: = → = → v = 3.65 x 103 km/s [approaching the earth]
𝜆 𝑐 656 3 𝑥 105
Wavelength received from galaxy B: 688 nm
∆𝜆 𝑣 688−656 𝑣
Doppler shift: 𝜆
=𝑐→ 656
= 3 𝑥 105 → v = 1.5 x 104 km/s [receding from the earth]

42. The correct sequence of the objects in the ascending order of distance from the sun, is

(A) Kupier belt, Uranus, asteroid belt and Oort cloud

(B) Uranus, asteroid belt, Oort cloud and Kupier belt
(C) Oort cloud, asteroid belt, Uranus and Kupier belt
(D) asteroid belt, Uranus, Kupier belt, and Oort cloud

Sol AU: Astronomical Unit: Mean distance between earth and sun: 1 AU = 149598000 km
Asteroid belt: 2.2 AU to 3.2 AU
Uranus: 19.2 AU
Kupier belt: 30 AU
Oort cloud: 5000 AU to 100000 AU

43. A cone of height h is floating in a liquid upside down with a mass m attached
to it as shown in the figure. Water reaches a height of h/2 at equilibrium. The
cone is now given a small downward push and is found to oscillate about its
mean position. If friction is ignored the frequency of this oscillation is

a) 1 𝑔 b) 1 2𝑔 c) 𝟏 𝟔𝒈 d) 1 9𝑔
2𝜋
√ℎ √ √ √
2𝜋 ℎ 𝟐𝝅 𝒉 2𝜋 ℎ

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol 𝑅 ℎ 𝑅
From the properties of similar triangles: =ℎ →r=
𝑟 ⁄2 2
1 ℎ 1 𝑅2 ℎ
Equilibrium: Fg = Fb → mg = V𝜌g → m = 𝜌 = 3𝜋 4 2 𝜌 3
𝜋r2 2
2
Restoring force on the cone: F = −dV𝜌g = −𝜋r dr 𝜌g
−𝜋r2 dr 𝜌g 𝑔 𝑑𝑟 6𝑔
ma = −𝜋r2 dr 𝜌g → a = 1 𝑅2 ℎ = − ℎ = − ℎ dr [a = −ω2 dr]
𝜋 𝜌 ⁄6
3 4 2
6𝑔 6𝑔 𝟏 𝟔𝒈
Angular frequency: ω = √ ℎ → 2𝜋f = √ ℎ → f = 𝟐𝝅 √ 𝒉

44. The number of solutions of 1 – sin4 x – 2 cos4 x = 0 in the interval |0, 2𝜋 | is

a) 6 b) 4 c) 2 d) 0

Sol Given equation is 1 – sin4 x – 2 cos4 x = 0 ⟹ 2 cos4x = 1 – (sin2x)2 ⟹ 2 cos4x = (1 – sin2x) (1 + sin2x)
⟹ 2 cos4x = cos2x (1 + sin2x) ⟹ 2 cos4x – cos2x (1 + sin2x) = 0 ⟹ cos2x (2cos2x – 1 – sin2x) = 0
2
⟹ cos2x = 0 or 2cos2x – 1 – sin2x = 0 ⟹ 3 cos2x = 2 ⟹ cos2x =
3

⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 900 , 2700 ∈ [0, 2𝜋]

2 2 2
And if 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = then 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = ± √ and −1 < ±√ < 1
3 3 3

So, there are four solution (one in each Quadrant)

Hence total number of solutions are 2 + 4 = 6

45. A solid sphere is rotating freely about its symmetry axis in free space. The radius of the sphere is increased
keeping its mass same. Which of the following physical quantities would remain constant for the sphere?

a) Angular momentum b) Rotational kinetic energy

c) Moment of inertia d) Angular velocity

Sol 2
Moment of inertia: I = mr2 [increases]
5
Angular momentum: L = Iω [remains constant – no external torque]
1
Rotational kinetic energy: k = 2 Iω2 [decreases – k = L2/2I]
Angular velocity: ω [decreases]

46. If n is the least positive integer such that (𝑛 5−1) + (𝑛 7−1) < (𝑛7 ), the sum of digits of n is

a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3

Sol n is the least positive integer such that (𝑛 5−1) + (𝑛 7−1) < (𝑛7 ),
𝑛!
here (𝑛𝑟) = nCr = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! , according to question n-1C5 + n-1C7 < nC7
(𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! 𝑛! (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! 𝑛!
(𝑛−6)!5!
+ 7!(𝑛−8)! < 7!(𝑛−7)! ⟹ (𝑛−6)!5! + (𝑛−7)!6! + 7!(𝑛−8)! < (𝑛−7)!6! + 7!(𝑛−7)!
(𝑛−1)! 1 1 (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! 𝑛 (𝑛−1)! 𝑛 (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! 𝑛+7
⟹ (𝑛−7)!5! [𝑛−6 + 6] + 7!(𝑛−8)! < 6!(𝑛−7)! (7 + 1) ⟹ (𝑛−7)!5! [6(𝑛−6)] + 7!(𝑛−8)! < 6!(𝑛−7)! ( 7 )
(𝑛)! (𝑛−1)! (𝑛−1)! 𝑛+7 (𝑛−1)! 𝑛 1 (𝑛−1)! 𝑛+7
⟹ (𝑛−6)!6! + 7!(𝑛−8)! < 6!(𝑛−7)! ( 7 ) ⟹ (𝑛−8)!6! [(𝑛−6)(𝑛−7) + 7] < 6!(𝑛−7)! ( 7 )
𝑛 1 1 𝑛+7 7𝑛+(𝑛−6)(𝑛−7) (𝑛+7)
⟹ [(𝑛−6)(𝑛−7) + 7] < (𝑛−7) ( 7 ) ⟹ 7(𝑛−6)(𝑛−7) < 7(𝑛−7) ⟹ 7𝑛 + (𝑛 − 6)(𝑛 − 7) < (𝑛 − 6)(𝑛 + 7)
84
⟹ 𝑛2 − 6𝑛 + 42 < 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 42 ⟹ 84 < 7𝑛 ⟹ 𝑛 > 7 ⟹ 𝑛 > 12
So, the least value when ‘n’ is integer is 𝑛 = 13, sum of digits = 1 + 3 = 4

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

47. The flat surface of a solid hemisphere of radius r is cemented to one flat surface of a cylinder (of identical
material) of radius r and length L. If the total mass is M, moment of inertia of the combination about the axis
of the cylinder will be
𝑳 𝟒𝒓 𝐿 4𝑟 𝐿 3𝑟 𝐿 2𝑟
a) +
2 𝟐 𝟏𝟓
b) +
2 3 5
c) 23
+
5
d) +
2 6 5
Mr 𝟐𝒓 Mr 2𝑟 Mr 𝐿 𝑟 Mr 4𝑟
𝑳+ 𝐿+ + 𝐿+
𝟑 3 2 3 3

Sol 2
Mass of the system: M = 3 𝜋r3𝜌 + 𝜋r2L𝜌
𝑚𝑟 2 1 1
Moment of inertia of cylinder: Ic = 2
= 2 𝜋r2L 𝜌 r2 = 2 𝜋r4L𝜌
4 42 8
Moment of inertia of hemisphere: Ihs = 5 (M-m) r2 = 5 3 𝜋r3𝜌 = 15 𝜋r3𝜌
𝑚𝑟 2 4
Total moment of inertia of the system: I = Ic + Ihs = + (M-m) r2
2 5
1 8 𝑳 𝟒𝒓
1 8 𝜋𝑟 2 L𝜌 + 𝜋r𝜌 +
I = 2 𝜋r4L𝜌 + 15 𝜋r3𝜌 = Mr2 2 2 15
= Mr2 𝟐 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝒓
𝜋r3𝜌 + 𝜋r2L𝜌 𝑳+
3 𝟑

48.
The limit lim √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 - √𝑥
𝑥→∞

a) does not exist b) 𝟏 c) is 2 d) is in 2

is 𝟐
Sol
𝑙𝑖𝑚 √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 − √𝑥, rationalizing given function
𝑥→∞

(√𝑥+√𝑥+ √𝑥 +√𝑥) (𝑥+√𝑥+√𝑥−𝑥) (√𝑥+√𝑥)

𝑙𝑖𝑚 [(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 − √𝑥) . ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞
(√𝑥+√𝑥+ √𝑥 +√𝑥) (√𝑥+√𝑥+ √𝑥 +√𝑥) (√𝑥+√𝑥+ √𝑥 +√𝑥)

1
√𝑥 (√1 + ) 1
√𝑥 (√1 + ∞)
1 𝟏
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = = =
𝑥→∞ 1+1 𝟐
1 1
1
√𝑥 √1 + √ +
1
+1 (√1 + √ + + 1)
∞ ∞
√𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 [ ]
[ ( )]

49. An electron is moving with uniform velocity along a line in the plane of the paper. It is now subjected to
uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to the plane of the paper and along into it. The election will
move in a circular path in the plane of the paper in

(A) clockwise direction with time period proportional to B

(B) anticlockwise direction with time period inversely proportional to B
(C) clockwise direction with time period inversely proportional to B
(D) anticlockwise direction with time period proportional to B

Sol Force acting on a charged particle in uniform magnetic field: 𝐹̅ = q (𝑣̅ 𝑥 𝐵̅)
Direction of force: direction of cross product: perpendicular the plane containing velocity and field.
𝑚𝑣
Radius of the circular path: r = 𝐵𝑞
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 𝑚𝑣 2𝜋𝑚 𝟏
Time period of revolution: T = 𝑣
= 𝑣 𝐵𝑞
= 𝐵𝑞
→T∝𝑩

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

50. 1 1 2 1 𝑛 1
Let sn = 1 + 2 (1 + 2) + 3 (1 + 𝑛) + …… + n (1 + 𝑛) . Then ∑∞
𝑛=1 2 2√𝑠𝑛
is equal to

a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 1
3 3

Sol DELETED

51. A loudspeaker emits sound at a maximum audible level of 130 dB when measured directly from a distance of
1 meter. If the safe limit if audible sound to our ears is 90 dB, a listener must stand directly at a minimum
distance of

a) 1.44 m b) e2 m c) 100 m d) 2.09 m

Sol Maximum audible sound level: SL1 = 130 dB

𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
130 = 10 log 𝐼 → 13 = log 𝐼 → 𝐼 = 1013 → I = 1013 I0 ---- (1)
0 0 0

Safe limit of sound level: SL2 = 90 dB

𝐼1 𝐼1 𝐼1
90 = 10 log 𝐼 → 9 = log 𝐼 → 𝐼 = 109 → I1 = 109 I0 ---- (2)
0 0 0

𝐼 𝑃 𝑃 𝑅
(1) / (2): 𝐼1
= 104 → I = 104 I1 → 4𝜋𝑟2 = 104 4𝜋𝑅2 → 1 = 100 m → R = 100 m

52. The diameter of radio telescope, working at a wavelength of  = 1 cm, with the same resolution as optical
telescope of diameter D = 10 cm is

a) 2m b) 2 km c) 20 km d) 200 km

Sol Working wavelength of the radio-telescope: λ = 1 cm

Diameter of the optical telescope: D = 10 cm
𝜆𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
Angular resolution of optical telescope: 𝜃 = 1.22 𝐷
1 𝐷
Resolving power of optical telescope: R = =
𝜃 1.22 𝜆𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝜆
Angular resolution of a radio-telescope: 𝜃 = 1.22 𝐷
𝑟
𝐷
Resolving power of a radio-telescope: Rr = 𝑟
1.22 𝜆
𝐷 𝐷𝑟 10−1 𝐷
Given: R = Rr → 1.22 𝜆 = 1.22 𝜆 → 1.22 𝑥 550 𝑥 10−9 = 1.22 𝑥𝑟10−2 → Dr ≅ 2 km
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

53. In a binary system, the apparent magnitude of the primary star is 1.0 and that of the secondary star is 2.0. The
maximum combined magnitude of this system is

a) 3 b) 1.51 c) 1 d) 064

Sol DELETED

54. x2 y2 𝑏2
Suppose the tangent to the ellipse a2
+ b2 = 1 (b < a) at the point (𝑎𝑒, 𝑎
) makes an angle of 300 with x –
𝑏2
axis. Then 𝑎2
equals

a) 1 b) 1 c) 𝟐 d) 3
2
3 𝟑 4

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
Equation of ellipse += 1 , (𝑏 < 𝑎) then equation of tangent at point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is 21 + 21 =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏
𝑏2 𝑒𝑥 𝑦
Here (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (𝑎𝑒, − 𝑎 ). So, equation of tangent is given by 𝑎 − 𝑎 = 1 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 1 1
It makes an angle of 300 with X – axis ⟹ tan 𝜃 = 𝑚 = 𝑑𝑥 = 3 = 𝑒 ⟹ 𝑒 2 = 3
√
(because 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑚 = 𝑒)
2 𝒃𝟐 𝟐
Then 1 − 𝑒 2 = ⟹ =
3 𝒂𝟐 𝟑

55. A piece of strong magnet is suspended from a helical spring made of a non-magnetic material and
oscillates in a vertical plane with a time period of T on the surface of the earth. If this taken to the moon
then it will oscillate

(A) with a time period T1 > T as the value of ‘g’ is smaller on the moon
(B) with a time period T1 < T as the value of ‘g’ is smaller on the moon
(C) with a time period T1 < T as there is no magnetic field on the moon
(D) with the same time period as the spring and suspended body are the same on the moon

Sol 𝒎
Time period of oscillation of a spring-magnet system: T = 2𝝅 √
𝒌
m: mass of the suspended object.
k: force constant of the spring.
As these two quantities do not change, the time period will remain same.

56. 5 1 1 1
The number of triples (a, b, c) of natural numbers satisfying the equation = + + is
12 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐

a) 7 b) 8 c) 9 d) 12

Sol 5 1 1 1
number of triples (a, b, c) of natural numbers satisfying the equation = + + … (1)
12 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℕ, solving equation (1)
5 𝑐(𝑏 + 1) + 1
⟹ =
12 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Here one equation and there variable’s so this is a non – linear Diophantine equation so we will solve in
different.
Cases:-
5 𝑐(𝑏+1)+1
Here, 12 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 12𝑘, 𝑐(𝑏 + 1) + 1 = 5𝑘 where 𝑘 ∈ ℤ
Case:- 1 when 𝑘 = 0, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0 so at least one of them is zero. Hence no solution
Case:- 2 when 𝑘 < 0, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 < 0 again at least one is negative or three are negative. Hence no solution for
𝑘 < 0.
Case:- 3 when 𝑘 = 1, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 12, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 5 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 4 ⟹ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = 2 or 𝑎 =
4, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 1 ∵ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 4 × 1 𝑜𝑟 2 × 2. So, two pairs (4, 1, 2) and (4, 3, 1)
Case:- 4 when 𝑘 = 2, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 24, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 10 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 9 ⟹ 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 8, 𝑐 = 1 or 𝑎 =
4, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 3 ∵ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 9 × 1 𝑜𝑟 3 × 3. So, two pairs (4, 2, 3) and (3, 8, 1)
Case:- 5 when 𝑘 = 3, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 36, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 15 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 14 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 =
14 × 1 𝑜𝑟 7 × 2 𝑜𝑟 2 × 7.
if c = 1, then b = 13, then 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ≠ 36
If c = 2 then b + 1 = 7 ⟹ 𝑏 = 6 then a = 3
If c = 7 not possible because 7 ∤ 36
Hence only one possibility (3, 6, 2)
Case:- 6 when 𝑘 = 4, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 48, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 20 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 19 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 =
19 × 1 𝑜𝑟 1 × 19
If b + 1 = 19 then b = 18 and c = 1 but 𝑏 ∤ 48, because 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 48.
Hence no solution.
Case:- 7 when 𝑘 = 5, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 60, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 25 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 24

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 12 × 2 not possible

⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 6 × 4 possible
⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 8 × 3 not possible
⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 3 × 8 not possible
⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 4 × 6 not possible
⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 2 × 12 possible
Here only two tuples are possible that are (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = {(5,1,12), (3,5,4)}
Case:- 8 when 𝑘 = 6, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 72, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 30 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 29 (no solution)
Case:- 9 when 𝑘 = 7, ⟹ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 84, (𝑏 + 1)𝑐 + 1 = 35 ⟹ (𝑏 + 1). 𝑐 = 34 (no solution)
Similarly 𝑘 = 8, 9, 10, … have no solutions
Hence total number of solutions are = 7

57. A 1.5 times magnified real image of an object is obtained when it is placed 16 cm away from a thin convex
lens. Now a thin concave lens is placed in contact with the convex lens keeping the object undisturbed and an
image of same magnification is formed by the combination. The focal length of the concave lens is

a) 8 cm b) 10 cm c) 12 cm d) 16 cm

Sol Magnification: m = 1.5

Object distance: u = 16 cm
Image distance: v = mu = 1.5 x 16 = 24 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
Focal length of the convex lens: 𝑣 − 𝑢 = 𝑓 → 24 + 16 = 𝑓 → f = 9.6 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
For the lens combination: 𝑣 − 𝑢 = 𝑓 → − 𝑣 + 𝑢 = 𝑓 → − 24 + 16 = 𝑓 → f = 48 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
For the lens combination: = + → = + → f2 = −𝟏𝟐 cm
𝑓 𝑓1 𝑓2 48 9.6 𝑓2

58. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with side x. Two points P and
Q are side ABC such that PQ is parallel to BC and
AP = AQ = QC = √3 + 1 and PQ = √2. The x equals

a) 4√2 + 2 √6 b) 2√𝟐 + √𝟔 c) 2√3 + √6 d) 2√6 + √3

Sol ABC is an equilateral triangle with side x and PQ || BC

Given: AP = AQ = QC = √3 + 1 and PQ = √2
∆ APQ, ∆ APB and ∆ AQC are isosceles triangles and ∆ APB ≅ ∆ AQC [AP = AQ, PB = QC, AB = AC: SSS
rule]
Let BAP = ABP = QAC = QCA = θ and PAQ = α
𝐴𝑃2 +𝐴𝑄 2 −𝑃𝑄 2 2𝐴𝑃2 −𝑃𝑄 2
In ∆ APQ: cos α = 2. 𝐴𝑃. 𝐴𝑄
= 2 𝐴𝑃2 [AP = AQ]
2 2
1 𝑃𝑄 2 1 √2 1 √2 (√3 − 1) √3
cos α = 1− 2 (𝐴𝑃 ) = 1− 2 ( 3 + 1) = 1− 2 ( 2
) = 2 → α = 300
√
BAC = BAP + PAQ + CAQ = θ + α + θ = 60 → 2θ + 30 = 60 → θ = 150
Consider ∆AQC: AQC = 180−2θ = 180 – 30 = 150
𝐴𝑄 2 +𝐶𝑄2 −𝐴𝐶 2 2𝐴𝑄 2 −𝐴𝐶 2
cos (AQC) = → cos 150 =
2. 𝐴𝑄. 𝐶𝑄 2 𝐴𝑄 2
√3 √3 2 2+√3
2 AQ2 (− ) = 2𝐴𝑄 2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 → AC2 = 2 AQ2 (1 + ) = 2 (√3 + 1) ( )
2 2 2
AC2 = (3 + 1 + 2√3) (2 + √3) → AC = x = 2 √𝟐 + √𝟔

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59. Critical velocity, drift velocity, escape velocity, and rms velocity are the different types of velocities that we
come across in the same order while discussing

(A) viscosity, electron motion in solids, gravitation, surface tension respectively

(B) motion of gas molecules, viscosity, gravitation, electron motion in solids respectively
(C) sound propagation, gravitation, motion of gas molecules, colour of light respectively
(D) viscosity, electron motion in solids, gravitation, motion of gas molecules respectively

Sol Critical velocity: Viscosity: The constant velocity attained by a freely falling body due to viscous force.
Drift velocity: Electron motion in solids: The average velocity of electrons in a metal.
Escape velocity: Gravitation: The minimum velocity required for an object to go beyond the gravitational
field.
RMS velocity: Gas molecules: Root Mean Square Velocity: Square root of mean of squares of velocities.

60. In a triangle ABC, AB is extended to D such that AB : BD = 4 : 1; BC is extended to E such that

BC : CE = 4: 1; and CA is extended to F such that CA : AF = 4 : 1. The ratio if the area if triangle DEF to
that of ABC is

a) 5 b) 7 c) 15 d) 𝟑𝟏
2 2 8 𝟏𝟔

Sol Let the triangle ABC be equilateral with each side 4 units:
AB = BC = CA = 4 → BD = CE = AF = 1 [4:1]
So, DEF is also equilateral: AD = AB + BD = 4 + 1 = 5; AF = 1;
angle DAF = 1200
𝐴𝐷 2 +𝐴𝐹 2 −𝐷𝐹2 1 52 +12 −𝐷𝐹 2
cos 1200 = →− = → DF2 = 31 and AB2 = 16
2. 𝐴𝐷. 𝐴𝐹 2 2.5.1
√3
∆ 𝐷𝐸𝐹 𝐷𝐹 2 𝟑𝟏
4
Ratio of areas: = √3 =
∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵2 𝟏𝟔
4

61. Imagine a planet of same mass as that of the earth but having a radius twice of that of earth. A simple
pendulum located at some point on its equator failed to show any oscillation when given a small displacement
from its equilibrium position. The time taken by this planet to spin once about its own axis is

a) nearly 2 hours b) nearly 4 hours c) nearly 6 hours d) nearly 8 hours

Sol Mass of the planet = mass of the earth: mp = me = M

Radius of the planet = 2 radius of the earth: Rp = 2 Re
2
𝑅 𝑔
Acceleration due to gravity on the planet: gp = g (𝑅𝑒 ) = 4
𝑝
Simple pendulum located at some point on the equator failed to show any oscillation: gep = 0
𝑔 𝑔 8𝑅
gep = gp − Rpω2 → 0 = gp − Rpω2 → 4 = 2R ω2 → ω = √8𝑅 → T = 2𝜋 √ 𝑔
8 𝑥 6400 𝑥 103
T = 2𝜋 √ 9.8
≅ 4 hr

62. Let ABCD be a rectangle. Let E be a point on the diagonal AC at a distance 16 from the side AB and let
DE = 15. Then the area of the rectangle ABCD to the nearest integer is

a) 468 b) 469 c) 470 d) 471

Sol DELETED

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63. An alloy of two metals is formed by taking their equal masses and it was found to float on mercury (density
13.6 g cm-3) with 52.7 % above the mercury surface. When an alloy is formed by taking equal volumes of
these two metals it was found to float on mercury with 51. 5 % of its volume below the surface of mercury.
The densities of the two metals in g cm-3 are closest to

a) 6 and 8 b) 5 and 9 c) 4.5 and 9.5 d) 4 and 10

Sol 2𝜌1 𝜌2
Density of the alloy for equal masses of the metals: ρ1 = 𝜌
1 +𝜌2
𝜌 +𝜌
Density of the alloy for equal volumes of the metals: ρ2 = 1 2
2
𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝜌
Laws of floatation: 𝑣
x 100 = 𝜌𝑠 x 100
𝑙
2𝜌1 𝜌2
𝜌1 +𝜌2 2𝜌1 𝜌2
For the first liquid: 0.473 = 13.6
→𝜌 = 6.4328 ---- (1)
1 +𝜌2
𝜌1 +𝜌2
2 𝜌1 +𝜌2
For the second liquid: 0.515 = 13.6 → 2
= 7.004 ---- (2)
Solving (1) & (2): ρ1 = 5 and ρ2 = 9

64. If n is the number of function f: {a, b, c, d} → {a, b, c, d} such that no more than two elements in the
domain of f have the same image, then

a) n ≤ 100 b) 100 < n ≤ 150 c) 150 < n ≤ 200 d) n > 200

Sol ‘n’ is the number of functions

f: {a, b, c, d} → {a, b, c, d} such that no more than two elements in domain of f have the same image.
Case 1: first total number of one-one functions
i.e. 4! or 4P4 [here domain and co-domain both contain 4 elements]
Case 2: when exactly two elements have same image: 4C2 .4.3.2
Case 3: when pair of two elements have the same image: 4C2. 3.2
So, the total number of functions: 4P4 + 4C2 .4.3.2 + 4C2.3.2 = 24 + 144 + 36 = 204

65. On the rechargeable batteries of 1.5 V often used for digital cameras one can find 2300 mAh or 2800 mAh or
something similar is written. This is connected to the

(A) power that the battery can provide (B) current that can be drawn from the battery
(C) total charge that the battery can supply (D) time for which the battery can be used

Sol An ampere hour or amp hour is a unit of electric charge, having dimensions of electric current multiplied by
time, equal to the charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere flowing for one hour, or 3600
coulombs.
The commonly seen milliampere hour (mAh) is one-thousandth of an ampere hour (3.6 coulombs).
The ampere hour is frequently used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating and
for battery capacity where the commonly known nominal voltage is dropped.

66. The planet in which sun appears to rise in the west is

a) Venus b) Uranus c) Saturn d) Mercury

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Sol Direction of rotation of planets:

Mercury: West – East (sun rise: East)
Venus: East – West (sun rise: West)
Earth: West – East (sun rise: East)
Mars: West – East (sun rise: East)
Jupiter: West – East (sun rise: East)
Saturn: West – East (sun rise: East)
Uranus: East – West (sun rise: West)
Neptune: West – East (sun rise: East)

67. Apart from the earth, Aurora phenomena are observed on which of the following planets (s)

a) Venus b) Mars c) Mercury d) Jupiter

Sol Aurora: Polar Lights: Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis): Southern Lights (Aurora Australis):
It is a natural phenomenon seen in high altitude regions in the form of brilliant display of colors of light.
It is produced when magnetosphere is disturbed by solar wind.
The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric molecules emits light of various colors.

68. The sum of the last three digits in the expansion of 52018 is

a) 8 b) 9 c) 13 d) 14

Sol For last 3 digits, solve with (mod 1000)

51 ≡ 005 (mod 1000)
52 ≡ 025 (mod 1000)
53 ≡ 125 (mod 1000)
54 ≡ 625 (mod 1000)
55 ≡ 125 (mod 1000)
.
52018 ≡ 625 (mod 1000)
So, the last three digits of 52018 are 6, 2, 5: The sum is 6 + 2 + 5 = 13

69. If the wavelength of the incident light changes from 400 nm to 300 nm the stopping potential for
photoelectrons emitted from the surface of a material becomes

a) 0.56 V lower b) 1.04 V higher c) 0.34 V lower d) 0.56 V higher

Sol ℎ𝑐
Einstein’s photoelectric equation: E = 𝜑 + eV → 𝜆
= 𝜑 + eV
ℎ𝑐
For the first wavelength: 400 = 𝜑 + eV1 ---- (1)
ℎ𝑐
For the second wavelength: 300 = 𝜑 + eV2 ---- (2)
1 1 ℎ𝑐 1 1 1240
(2) – (1): hc (300 − 400) = e (V2 – V1) → 𝑒
(300 − 400) = V2 – V1 → V2 – V1 = 1200 = 1.04

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70. 6
Find integer closest to the integer ∫0 𝑥 |√𝑥| dx, where {x} denotes the largest integer not exceeding x

a) 58 b) 59 c) 60 d) 61

Sol DELETED

71. A ray of light enters a glass prism of refractive index 1.55. The cross section
of the prism is an equilateral triangle. The emergent ray comes out of the other
refracting surface at the grazing angle. The angle of incidence on the first
surface is about

a) 30.70 b) 28.20 c) 37.60 d) 41.20

Sol Refractive index of the glass prism: n = 1.55

Angle of prism: A = 600 (equilateral triangle)
Angle of emergence: e = 900
1
Snell’s law at N: n1 sin 𝜃1 = n2 sin 𝜃2 → 1.55 sin r2 = 1 x sin 90 → sin r2 = 1.55

Snell’s law at M: n1 sin 𝜃1 = n2 sin 𝜃2 → 1 x sin i = 1.55 x sin r1 → sin i = 1.55 sin (60 – r2)
sin i = 1.55 [sin 60 x cos r2 – cos 60 x sin r2] → sin i = 1.55 [0.86 x cos r2 – 0.5 x (1/1.55)]
sin i = 1.55 [0.86 x 0.76 – 0.5 x 0.65] → sin i = 1.55 [0.6536 – 0.325] = 0.51
i = sin-1 (0.51) = 30.70

72. 𝑥2 𝑦2
Let 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 (a > b) be an ellipse with major axis AA and minor axis BB. Let F and F/ be the foci of the
ellipse, with F between A and F. Suppose ABF from a right – angled triangle. Let e denote the eccentricity
of the ellipse. If ϕ denotes FAB, then tan2 (ϕ) is equal to

a) √𝑒 b) e c) e2 d) 1+e

Sol 𝑥2 𝑦2
Given 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 (a > b)
Let the major axis: AA1 and minor axis: BB1
Let F and F1 be the foci of the ellipse.
Given: ABF1 forms a right-angled triangle.
Let ‘e’ be the eccentricity of the ellipse and FAB = 𝜙
𝑏 𝑏2
In ∆ OAB: tan 𝜙 = 𝑎 → tan2 𝜙 = 𝑎2
In ∆ ABF1: B = 900 → F1B is perpendicular to AB
𝑏−0 𝑏−0 𝑏2 𝑏2
So, m1m2 = −1 → ( )( ) = −1 → =1→ = e → tan2 𝜙 = e
0+𝑎𝑒 0−𝑎 𝑎2 𝑒 𝑎2

73. The following graph shows a velocity versus time graph for a ball. Which explanation best fits the motion of
the ball as shown by the graph?

(A) The ball falls from a height, is caught, and is thrown down with a greater velocity
(B) The ball rises to a height, hits the ceiling, and falls down
(C) The ball falls from a height, hits the floor, and bounces up.
(D) The ball rises to a height, is caught, and then is thrown down with the same velocity

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Kalyan’s Physics Challenge

Sol First interval: velocity is decreasing linearly (straight line): v = u – gt

(vertically projected body)
The ball hits the ceiling with a velocity v1 and bounces back.
Second interval: Now the ball is falling down under gravity with an initial
velocity v1.
v = u + gt = −v1 + gt

74. According to Kepler’s first law, planets go around the Sun in elliptic
orbits. If orbit of the earth of eccentricity e around Sun is divided into
two halves by the minor axis, the difference in times spent in the two
halves of the orbit is

a) 2e/𝝅 year b) e/𝜋 year c) e/(1 - e) year d) 2e2/(1 – e2) year

Sol 𝑑𝐴
Kepler’s Second law: Area velocity of the planet is constant: 𝑑𝑡
= constant
Area the ellipse: A = 𝜋ab [a: semi-major axis / b: semi-minor axis]
𝜋ab 1 𝜋
Area of the first half: A1 = 2
+ 2 (2b) (ae) = ab ( 2 + 1)
𝜋ab 1 𝜋
Area of the second half: A2 = 2 − 2 (2b) (ae) = ab ( 2 − 1)
𝜋 𝜋
𝐴1 −𝐴2 ab ( +1)−ab ( −1) 2𝑒𝑇
2 2
Difference in time spent: ∆t = 𝑣
= 𝜋ab = 𝜋
𝑇
𝟐𝒆
∆t = 𝝅
[T: time period of revolution of earth: 1 year]

75. A planet goes around a star of mass M and radius R in an orbit of semi major axis 3R, with the distances as
shown. What is the velocity V1 at the point closest to the star?

a) (GM /2R)1/2 b) (2GM /3R)1/2 c) (4GM /3R)1/2 d) (GM /6R)1/2

Sol Conservation of angular momentum: mv1 2R = mv2 4R → v1 = 2v2

Conservation of energy: E1 = E2 → U1 + k1 = U2 + k2
𝐺𝑀𝑚 1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 1
− 2𝑅 + 2 mv12 = − 4𝑅 + 2 mv22
1 11 𝐺𝑀𝑚
2
mv12 − 4 2 mv12 = 4𝑅
31 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝟐𝑮𝑴
42
mv12 = 4𝑅 → v1 = √ 𝟑𝑹

76. What are the eccentricity and length of semi minor axis in the orbit in Q. 34?

a) 0.30, 2.50R b) 0.33, 2.00R c) 0.33, 2.83R d) 0.25, 2.75R

Sol DELETED

77. If the earth of mass M is assumed to be a sphere of 6400 km, with what velocity must a projectile be fired
from the earth’s surface in order that its subsequent path may be an ellipse with major axis 80,000 km?
[Take the product GM = 4.0 X 1014 m3 s2]

a) 10.70 km/s b) 11.20 km/s c) 9.50 km/s d) 11.70 km/s

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Sol Conservation of energy: Ei = Ef → ki + Ui = kf + Uf

1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚 1 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚
2
mv2 − 𝑅 = − 2𝑎 → 2mv2 = 𝑅 − 2𝑎 =
2 1 2𝑎−𝑅
v2 = GM (𝑅 − 𝑎) = GM ( 𝑎𝑅
)
2𝑎−𝑅 (2 𝑥 40,000−6400)𝑥 103
v = √GM ( 𝑎𝑅
) = √4.0 𝑥 1014 40,000 𝑥 6400 𝑥 106
v = 10.72 x 103 m/s = 10.72 km/s

78. Consider the cubic curve y = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 5. Let A and C be its extremum points. The tangents at A and
C to the curve intersect it again at two other points B and C respectively. The area of the quadrilateral ABCD
is 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 5

a) 12 b) 24 c) 36 d) 48

Sol Given: y = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 5

𝑑𝑦
let A and C be its extremum points: for extremum points: 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
= 6x2 – 24x + 18 = 0 → x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 → x = 1 or 3
𝑑𝑥

y(1) = 2.13 – 12.12 + 18.1 + 5 = 13 [so the point is A(1, 13)]

y(3) = 2.33 – 12.32 + 18.3 + 5 = 5 [so the point is C(3,5)]
Tangent at A (1, 13): 13 = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 5
2x3 – 12x2 + 18x – 8 = 0 → x3 – 6x2 + 9x – 4 = 0 → x = 4 [so B (4, 13)]
Tangent at C (3, 5): 5 = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 5 → x (2x2 – 12x + 18) = 0 → x = 0 [so D (0, 5)]
A (1, 13), B (4, 13), C (3, 5), D (0, 5)
1 13
4 13
1 1 1
Area of ABCD: 2 || 3 5 || = 2 |13 + 20 + 15 + 0 – (5 + 0 + 39 + 52)| = 2 |48 − 96| = 24 sq. units
0 5
1 13

79. A crater on the surface of the moon has a diameter of 80 km. If the distance to earth and moon is
3.78 x 105 km, then the visual angle in degree is

a) 0.012 b) 0.021 c) 0.019 d) 0.026

Sol Diameter of the crater: d = 80 km

Distance between earth and moon: r = 3.78 x 105 km
𝑑 80
Visual angle: 𝜃 = 𝑟 = 378000 = 2.1 x 10-4 rad
180
Visual angle: 𝜃 = 2.1 x 10-4 x = 0.0120
𝜋

80. A K – type star in the main sequence has a luminosity of 0.40 times the luminosity of sun. This star is
observed to have a flux of 6.23 x 10-4 Wm-2. The distance (in parsec) to this star is about (ignore atmospheric
effects, luminosity of sun is 3.8 x 1026 Wm-2 and 1 parsec is 3.08 x 1016 km)

a) 45 pc b) 4.5 pc c) 450 pc d) 0.45 pc

Sol DELETED

MATHEMATICS CONTRIBUTOR: SANDEEP MOHAN [MSc. Maths – IITM]

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