INORGANIC POWDER ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTION:-This part u all have to write tabular form which are given in your practical file
Aim:-To analyses the given salt for one anion and one cation.

Required material:- Test-tube, test-tube stand, glass rd, burner, etc.

S.no. Experiment observation Inferance

Dry test
1 colour White
2 Smell Vinegar like
Detection of acidic
radicle
3 P+Dil. H2SO4 Colourless vapour Dil. Group present
having smell like
vinegar
4 Aqueous solution of Blood colour appear Acetate confirm
salt+FeCl3 solution
Detection of basic
radical
5 P+NaOH No reaction 0 group absent

6. Powder+water Original solution

7. O.S.+ Dil HCl White ppt Group-I Present

Dissolve the ppt in
8. distilled water on
boiling and made two
part
a To one part added Yellow ppt Lead present
K2CrO4
b. In second part added Yellow ppt Lead present
KI solution
Result:- The inorganic powder contain: Acidic radical: acetate, Basic radical: lead

Powder -2

s.no. Experiment observation inferance

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent
2 P+Conc. H2SO4 A colourless gas with Conc. Gp.present
pungent order gas
3. Put a rod dipped in Dense white fumes Cl- confirmed
NH4OH at the mouth appear
of test-tube
4 Aq solu. Of White curdy ppt Chloride confirmed
powder+AgNO3 appear
Detection of basic
radical
1 P+NaOH No action 0 gp. absent
2 O.S.+ Dil HCl White ppt 1st gp. present
3
 4 Dissolve the ppt in
distilled water on
boiling and made two
part
5
a To one part added Yellow ppt Lead present
K2CrO4
b. In second part added Yellow ppt Lead present
KI solution
Result-acidic radical: chloride , Basic radical: Lead

Powder-4

S.no. Experiment observation inference

1 Dry test
colour white
State powder
smell Ammonical
smell
2 Detection of
acidic radical
i
P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent
P+Conc. H2SO4 A colourless Conc. Gp.present
gas with
pungent order
gas
Put a rod Dense white Cl- confirmed
dipped in fumes appear
NH4OH at the
mouth of test-
tube
Aq solu. Of White curdy Chloride confirmed
powder+AgNO3 ppt appear
Detection of
basic radical
P+NaOH Ammoniacal 0 group present
smell with
colour less
gas

Put the Dense Ammonium

glass white present
rod fume
dipped appear
in HCl
mouth
of
reacting
 test
tube
P+ Brown Ammonium
NaOH+Nesslers ppt confirl
reagent apear
Result: Acidic radical: Chloride, Basic radical: Ammonium

Powder-5

S.no. Experiment observation inference

1 Dry test
colour white
state crystal
smell No specific smell
Detection of Acidic
radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent

2 P+Conc. H2SO4 +heat Brown colour gas Conc. Gp.present

with pungent odour
3 Add Cu turning Reddish brown Nitrate confirm
fumes appears
Ring test
4 Aq solution of Brown ring at the Nitrate confirm
powder + freshly junction of two
prepared FeSO4 + 2-3 solution
drop of H2so4 along
the side of test-tube
3 Detection of basic
radical
1 P+ NaOH No action 0 group absent
2 P+Water Original solu.
3 O.S. + dil HCl No action 1st grp absent
4 Pas H2S gas No action IInd group absent
5 Boil till to H2S
removed
6 Add NH4Cl+NH4OH in White gelatinous ppt Third grp present
excess
7 Filter the ppt and
dissolved the ppt in
HCl and made two
part
a Add NH4Cl boil Gelatinous ppt Aluminum present
appear
B In second part add Blue ppt float in Aluminum confirm
blue litmus solution colourless solu.
and NH4OH
Result: Acidic radical: nitrate, basic radical: Aluminum powder: aluminum nitrate
 Powder-5

S. no. Experiment Observation Inference

1 Dry test
colour white
state powder
smell No specific smell
Detection of Acidic
radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 A colourless gas with Dil. Group present

brisk effervescence
2 Pass gas in lime water Lime water turn milky Carbonate present
3 Aq. Solu. Of p+ MgSO4 White ppt Carbonate confirm
Detection of basic
radical
P+ NaOH No action 0 group absent
P+Water Original solu.
O.S. + dil HCl No action 1st grp absent
Pas H2S gas No action IInd group absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add NH4Cl+NH4OH in No ppt Third grp absent
excess
Pass H2S gas No action Fourth gp absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add Ammonium Whit ppt appear Fifth group present
carbonate
Dissolved the ppt in
acitic acid made two
part
No action Barium absent
a. Add
potassium
chromate
b. Add White ppt Calcium present
ammonium
oxalate
Result : acidic radical: carbonate , basic radical: calcium

POWDER-6

S.NO. Experiment Observation Inference

1 Dry test
a colour Light green
b state powder
c smell No specific smell
 2 Detection of acidic
radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent

2 P+Conc. H2SO4 No action Conc. Group absent

3 P+ Dil. HCl+BaCl2 White ppt Sulphate present
4 Dissolved the ppt in PPt not dissolved Sulphate cofirmed
conc. HNO3
3 Detection of basic
radical
1 P+ NaOH No action 0 group absent
2 P+Water Original solu.
3 O.S. + dil HCl No action 1st grp absent
4 Pas H2S gas No action IInd group absent
5 Boil till to H2S
removed
6 Add NH4Cl+NH4OH in Reddish brown ppt Third grp present
excess
7 Dissolved the ppt in
Dil HCl and make two
part
i Add potassium Blood red colour Ferric present
thiocynide
Ii Add potassium Deep blue colour Iron confirm
hexacyno ferrate
Result:- acidic radical: sulphate basic radical: ferric

Powder -7

Powder-4

S.no. Experiment observation inference

1 Dry test

colour white

State powder

smell Ammonical smell

2 Detection of acidic
radical

P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent

 P+Conc. H2SO4 A colourless gas with Conc. Gp.present
pungent order gas

Put a rod dipped in Dense white fumes Cl- confirmed

NH4OH at the mouth appear
of test-tube

Aq solu. Of White curdy ppt Chloride confirmed

powder+AgNO3 appear

Detection of basic
radical

Detection of basic
radical
P+ NaOH No action 0 group absent
P+Water Original solu.
O.S. + dil HCl No action 1st grp absent
Pas H2S gas No action IInd group absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add NH4Cl+NH4OH in No ppt Third grp absent
excess
Pass H2S gas No action Fourth gp absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add Ammonium Whit ppt appear Fifth group present
carbonate
Dissolved the ppt in
acitic acid made two
part
Yellow ppt Barium present
a. Add
potassium
chromate
b. Added KI Yellow ppt Barium present
Solution
Result: Acidic radical: chloride, Basic radical : Barium

Powder-8

colour white

state powder

smell Ammonical smell

Detection of Acidic
radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent

 2 P+Conc. H2SO4 +heat Brown colour gas Conc. Gp.present
with pungent odour

3 Add Cu turning Reddish brown Nitrate confirm

fumes appears

Ring test

4 Aq solution of Brown ring at the Nitrate confirm

powder + freshly junction of two
prepared FeSO4 + 2-3 solution
drop of H2so4 along
the side of test-tube

Detection of basic
radical
1 P+NaOH No action 0 gp. absent
2 O.S.+ Dil HCl White ppt 1st gp. present
3
4 Dissolve the ppt in
distilled water on
boiling and made two
part
5
a To one part added Yellow ppt Lead present
K2CrO4
b. In second part added Yellow ppt Lead present
KI solution
Result: acidic radical: Nitrate , Basic radical: lead

Powder-9

S.NO. Experiment Observation Inference

1 Dry test

a colour Light green

b state powder

c smell No specific smell

2 Detection of acidic
radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 No action Dil. Group absent

 2 P+Conc. H2SO4 No action Conc. Group absent

3 P+ Dil. HCl+BaCl2 No action Sulphate absent

4 Salt+ conc. HNO3 + Yellow ppt Phosphate present

Ammonium
molybdate
Detection of basic
radical
1 P+NaOH Ammonical smell with 0 group present
colourless gas

2 Put a, glass rod Dance white fumes ammonium present

dipped in HCl at the appear
Mouth of reacting
test tube
3 P+Water+Nessler's Brown ppt appears Ammonium confirm
reagent
Result: acidic radical: phosphate , basic radical: ammonium

Powder -10

S. no. Experiment Observation Inference

1 Dry test

colour white

state powder

smell No specific
smell

Detection of
Acidic radical

1 P+Dil. H2SO4 A colourless Dil. Group

gas with brisk present
effervescence

2 Pass gas in Lime water turn Carbonate

lime water milky present

3 Aq. Solu. Of White ppt Carbonate

p+ MgSO4 confirm
 Detection of
basic radical

Detection of
basic radical
P+ NaOH No action 0 group absent
P+Water Original solu.
O.S. + dil HCl No action 1st grp absent
Pas H2S gas No action IInd group
absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add No ppt Third grp absent
NH4Cl+NH4OH in
excess
Pass H2S gas No action Fourth gp
absent
Boil till to H2S
removed
Add Ammonium No ppt Fifth group
carbonate absent
Add (NH4)2HPO4 White Group VI
Solu with crystalline ppt present
scratching the Magnesium
side of test tube present
Result :- Acidic radical : carbonate , Basic radical: magnesium

Functional group detection

Instruction – This part also u all write in tabular form
Aim: To analysis functional group in given organic sample.
Required material: test tube, test tube stand, glass rod , burner, etc
Required chemical : sodium metal, acid , ceric ammonium nitrate

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION

Take powder A brisk Alcoholic grp
1 in dry test effervescence present
tube and add evolution of
a small piece hydrogen gas
of sodium
metal.
Take about 1 Pleasant smell Alcoholic
ml of the give group
liquid in a clean present
dry test tube,
2 add about 1 ml
glacial acetic
acid and 2-3
drops of conc.
sulphuric acid.
 Warm the
mixture on a
water bath for
about 10
minutes. Pour
it into about 20
ml of cold
water taken in
a beaker and
smell.
Take about 1 Red colour
ml of the given appear
liquid in a
clean dry test
tube and add
3 few drops of
ceric
ammonium
nitrate
reagent and
shake it well.

Result: in given content alcohol is present

Sample-2

Required chemical : schiff,s reagent, Tollen’s reagent

s.no experiment Observation Inference

Presence of
Dissolve a small quantity of the given compound in a clean test tube Pink colour is aldehydic
1
and add about 1 ml of Schiff’s reagent and shake it well. seen. group is
confirmed.
Take about 1 ml of silver nitrate solution in a clean test tube and
add 2-3 ml of dilute NaOH solution. A brown precipitate of silver Presence of
Shining silver
oxide forms. Now add dilute ammonia solution dropwise until the aldehydic
2 mirror is
brown precipitate of silver oxide just dissolves. To this add 3-4 drops group is
formed.
of the given liquid (or 0.1 g if solid) and warm the test tube on a confirmed.
water bath for about 5 minutes.
Take 1 ml each of Fehling’s solution A and B in a test tube. Add 4-5
3 drops of the given organic liquid (or 0.2g if solid) and warm the test
in a water bath for 4-5 minutes.

Sample-3

Required chemical: litmus paper, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, alcohol

 s.no. experiment Observation Inference
Presence of
Place a drop of the given liquid (or a crystal if solid) on a moist blue Blue litmus turns
1 carboxylic
litmus paper. to red.
group.
Brisk Presence of
Take 1 ml of the given organic compound in a test tube and add a
2 effervescence is carboxylic
pinch of sodium bicarbonate to it.
observed. group.
Take a small quantity of the given organic compound in a clean test
Presence of
tube, add 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and 1-2 drops of conc. sulphuric You get a fruity
3 carboxylic
acid into it. Heat the reaction mixture on a water bath for about 5 smell.
group
minutes. Pour the mixture into a beaker containing water.

Sample-4

Sno. Procedure Observation Inference

Compound is
Take a small quantity of the given compound in a clean test Compound
Solubility Test soluble in
tube and add 2-3 ml of dil.HCl and shake the test tube well. may be amine.
dil.HCl.
Place a drop of the given liquid (or a pinch of solid) on a moist Red litmus turns Compound
Litmus Test
red litmus paper. to blue. may be amine.
Take a small quantity of solid KOH in a clean dry test tube and
An offensive
Carbylamines add about 2 ml of ethanol. Warm the test tube until the Presence of
smell is
Test pellets dissolve. To this add a few drops of chloroform and primary amine
produced.
small amount of the given compound and warm gently.
Precaution: 1. always use small quantity powder

2. Always use dry and clean test-tube

3. When we heat the test- tube mouth of test tube should be outward