1 SLASh-MATH9-Q1

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
DIVISION OF CAMARINES NORTE
LARAP NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Larap, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte

MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER 2

Date: _______________

Lesson 1: SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING VARIATIONS

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
To better understand the lesson let us study some of the key concepts.
a. Variations - is defined by any change in some quantity due to change in another.
Types of variations:
(1) Direct variation
(2) Inverse variation
Let’s have the definition and examples of each variation below.

DIRECT VARIATION
A variation is said to be direct if one term increases and the other term increases at the same
rate.
“y varies directly as x”
As x increases, y also increases.
As x decreases, y also decreases

Equation: y=kx
Where:
x and y: are two given things that varies directly with each other, and
k: The constant of variation.

EXAMPLES

Things that varies directly with each other. ILLUSTRATION

Example 1:
(1) The number of hours you work, and =
(2) The amount of your paycheck.

 The number of hours you work varies directly to the amount of your paycheck.
Explanation
As the number of hours you work increases, the amount of your paycheck also increases, and
As the number of hours you work decreases, the amount of your paycheck also decreases.

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ILLUSTRATION
Example 2:

(1) The quantity of a product, and =

(2) Price to be paid in the market.

 The quantity of a product varies directly to the price to be paid in the Market.
Explanation:
As the quantity of a product increases, the price to be paid also increases, and
As the quantity of a product decreases, the price to be paid also decreases.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Example 1:
 If y varies directly as x and x = 6, while k = 2, find the value of y.

Note: always use this equation y=kx for Direct variation, and remember the following steps
below when you are looking for the value of y.

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of direct variation y=kx .

Given values:
x=6
k=2
Find: y

Y = K x

Therefore, we have y=(2)(6)

Y = (2) (6)

Step 3: Multiply the values of k and x.

Y = 2 X 6 2 x 6 is equal to 12

Y 12
=

Therefore, the value of y is 12

or
y=12. ANSWER
Example 2:
 If y varies directly as x and y = 10, while k = 2, find the value of x.

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Note: Remember the following steps below when you are looking for the value of x.

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of direct variation y=kx .

Given values:
y = 10
k=2
Find: x

Y = k x

Therefore, we have 10=(2)(x)

10 = (2) (x)

Step 4: To find the value of x, divide both side by the numerical coefficient of x.
The numerical coefficient of x is 2.

10 2 x
= 10 2x
2
=5 and 2
=x

2 2

5 = x
We have 5 = x or x = 5
or

x = 5

Therefore, the value of x is 5

or
x=5 ANSWER

INVERSE VARIATION
A variation is said to be inverse if as one term increases the other term decreases proportionally.
“y varies inversely as x”
As x increases, y decreases.
As x decreases, y increases
k
Equation: y=
x
Where:
x and y: are two given things that varies inversely with each other, and

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Purok – 2, Larap, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte
School ID: 301901
4 SLASh-MATH9-Q1

k: The constant of variation.

EXAMPLES

Things that varies inversely with ea.ch other. ILLUSTRATION

Example 1:
(1) The Price of a certain product =
(2) Demand of consumers.
(And vice versa)
 The price of a certain product varies inversely to the demand of the consumers.
Explanation:
As the price of a certain product increases, the demand of the consumers decreases.
As the price of a certain product decreases, the demand of the consumers increases.

ILLUSTRATION
Example 2:
(1) The working days required to complete the work
(2) Number of laborers =

(And vice versa)

 The working days required to complete the work varies inversely to the number of laborers.
Explanation:
As the working days required to complete the work increases, the number of laborers
decreases.
As the working days required to complete the work decrease, the number of laborers
increases.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Example 1:
 If y varies inversely as x, and k=48. Find y when x=8.

k
Note: always use this equation y= for Inverse variation, and remember the following steps
x
below when you are looking for the value of y.

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
k
Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of inverse variation y= .
x

Given values:
K = 48
x=8
Find: y
k

Y
= Substitute the corresponding value of each variable to their places.
x

48

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Y = 48 for k and 8 for x

8

Step 3: Divide the value of k by the value of x.

48
Y
= 48 divided by 8 is equal to 6,
8 48 ÷ 8 = 6

Y = 6

Therefore, the value of y is 6

or
y=6 ANSWER

Example 2:
 If y varies inversely as x, and y = 4. Find x when k = 24.
Note: Remember the following steps below when you are looking for the value of x.

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
k
Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of inverse variation y= .
x

Given values:
y=4
k = 24
Find: x
k
Y = Substitute the corresponding value of each variable to their places.
x

24
4
= 4 for y and 24 for k
x

Step 3: Multiply both side by x. (It is needed to eliminate x from denominator)

24 Cancel x

(x) 4 (x) 24
= ( x )( 4 ) = ( x ) cancel x ¿ the denominator
x x
4(x) = 24

4 (x) = 24 or 4 ( x ) =24

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Step 4: To find the value x divide both side by the numerical coefficient of x.
The numerical coefficient of x is 4.

4 (x) = 24
4 x 24
= divide 24 by 4
4 4
4 4

Cancel 4

(x) = 6

Therefore, the value of x is 6

or
x=6 ANSWER

b. Constant of variation

- is the number that relates two variables that are directly proportional or inversely
proportional to one another. It is represented by letter “k” in the equation.

- Variation problems are normally seen in one or two formats. In both cases, k represents
the constant of variation. If an equation can be written in either of these formats, you can
identify the constant of variation.
k =xy “k here represents the constant of direct variation”
y
k= “k here represents the constant of inverse variation”
x

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Example 1:
 If y varies directly as x and y=30 when x=5, find the constant of variation.
Note: Use k =xy if the problem is in direct variation, and
y
Use k = if the problem is in inverse variation.
x

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
Step 2: Determine if the problem is in direct or inverse variation, and use the appropriate
equation.

 The problem is a direct variation. Therefore, use k =xy as our equation.

Step 3: Substitute the any given values in the equation of k =xy .

Given values:
x=5
y = 30
Find: k

k
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= x y
Substitute the corresponding value of each variable to their places.
k = 5 (30) 5 for x and 30 for y.

Step 4: Multiply the values of x and y.

k 5 x 30
= 5 times 30 is equal to 150.

k = 150

Therefore, the value of k is 150

or
K = 150 ANSWER

Example 2:
 If y varies inversely as x and y=30 when x=5, find the constant of variation.
Note: Use k =xy if the problem is in direct variation, and
y
Use k = if the problem is in inverse variation.
x

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
Step 2: Determine if the problem is in direct or inverse variation, and use the appropriate
equation.

y
 The problem is an inverse variation. Therefore, use k =
as our equation.
x
y
Step 3: Substitute the any given values in the equation of k = .
x

Given values:
x=5
y = 30
Find: k
30
30 for y and 5 for x.
k
= 5

Step 4: Divide the value of y by the value of x.

30
k = 30 divided by 5 is equal to 6.
5

k = 6

Therefore, the value of k is 6

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or

ANSWER
K=6

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM THE MELCs

1. Solving Problems Involving Variations.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify whether a statement represents direct or inverse variations.
2. Find the constant of variation.
3. Solve problems involving variations.

III. ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Identify whether the following pair of statements represents direct or inverse
variation.

1. (a) Battery power

(b) Time for which it is used ______________________

2. (a) Bank balance

(b) Spending _______________________

3. (a) The number of selling products

(b) Profit _______________________
C
4. (a) The marks/grades of a student
(b) His hard work _______________________

5. (a) Cost of electricity bill

(b) The number of fans _______________________
running in the house

Activity 2
Find the constant of variation. Fill the following boxes below. (Refer to page 6,
example 1)

1. If y varies directly as x and y=8 when x=4, find the constant of variation or k.

Step 1: Analyze the problem.

Step 2: Determine whether the problem is direct or inverse.
 The problem is in direct variation.
Step 3: Substitute the any given values in the equation of k =xy

Given values:
x=4
y=8
Find: k Substitute the given values to their
x y corresponding variable.
k
= 4 for x and 8 for y.
Step 4: Multiply the values of x and y.

k
4 x
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k
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Therefore, the value of k is ______

or
K = ___ ANSWER

Activity 3
Solve problems below.

(Refer to page 2, Sample problem 1)

1. If y varies directly as x and x = 4, while k = 8, find the value of y.

Note: always use this equation y=kx for Direct variation.

Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the problem.
Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of direct variation y=kx .

Given values:
x=4
k=8
Find: y

Y = K x Substitute the given values to

their corresponding variable.

4 for x and 8 for k.

Y =

Step 3: Multiply the values of k and x.

Y = X 8

Y
=

Therefore, the value of y is _____.

or
y =¿ ¿ ANSWER

(Refer to page 4, Sample problem number 1)

2. If y varies inversely as x, and k=50. Find y when x=2.
k
Note: always use this equation y= for Inverse variation.
x

Solution:

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Step 1: Analyze the problem.

Step 2: Substitute the any given values in the equation of inverse variation
k
y= .
x

Given values:
K = 50
x=2
Find: y

k
Substitute the given values to
Y = their corresponding variable.
x

Y = 50 for k and 2 for x.

Step 3: Divide the value of k by the value of x.

Y = 50 divided by 2 is equal to _____,

2

Y
=
Therefore, the value of y is _____.
or
y = ____ ANSWER

IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on the space provided before each item.

_____ 1. Which equation is an example of direct variation?

−7 5
a. y= x b. y= c. y=4 x
3 16

_____ 2. Which equation is an example of inverse variation?

60
a. y=3 x b. c=2d c. y=
x

_____ 3. What is the constant of this equation y=5 x ?

a. x b. 5 c. 10

_____ 4. The cost (c) varies directly as the number (n) of pencils is written as ____.

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k
a. c=kn b. k =cn c. n=
n

_____ 5. The number of hours to finish a job to the number of men working is an
example of _______ variation.
a. Direct b. inverse c. joint

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Purok – 2, Larap, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte
School ID: 301901