BAC 2023

Unit 4:
Sustainable development
✓ Vocabulary
✓ Function – Cause and effect
✓ Grammar – The future simple / perfect
✓ Comprehension – Five ways to become rich.
✓ Writing – Formal letter/email
✓ Global exam 4

Sara English Online Courses Bac 2023

 Unit 4 : sustainable development
A/ VOCABULARY :
- Health care : ‫التغطية الصحية‬
- Micro entreprise : ‫مقاولة صغرى‬
- Social justice : ‫العدالة االجتماعية‬
- Climate change : ‫تغير المناخ‬
- Raw materials : ‫مواد أولية‬
- Water pollution : ‫تلوث المياه‬
- Money investment : ‫استثمار المال‬
- Forest preservation : ‫الحفاظ على البيئة‬
- Ecological crisis : ‫أزمةات بيئية‬
- Poverty elimination : ‫الحد من الفقر‬
- Energy preservation : ‫الحفاظ على الطاقة‬
- Recycling waste : ‫اعادة تدوير النفايات‬
- Transport infrastructures : ‫البنية التحتية للمواصالت‬
- Property rights : ‫حقوق الملكية‬
- Equal pay for women : ‫المساواة في االجر للنساء‬
- Civil society : ‫المجتمع المدني‬
- Non-governmental organisation : ‫منظمة غير حكومية‬
- Sustainable development : ‫التنمية المستدامة‬
- Renewable energy : ‫الطاقة المتجددة‬
- Rural areas : ‫المناطق القروية‬
- Global warming : ‫االحتباس الحراري‬
- Micro credits : ‫القروض الصغرى‬
- Natural disasters : ‫الكوارث الطبيعية‬
- Financial assistance : ‫مساعدة مادية‬
- Have access : ‫الولوج الى‬
Exercise 1:
Fill in the gaps with the correct collocations from the list
1- Some NGOs provide rural women some. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to set up their own business.
2- Earthquakes are called. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- ‘’Baity’’ is a Moroccan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . whose main concern is to save homeless children.
4- Morocco is setting up one of the world’s largest projects of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Ouarzazate.
5- The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . consists of NGOs, non-profit organizations and voluntary associations.
6- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . which is caused by pollution constitutes a major threat to earth.
7- Rapid population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is a big challenge to African countries.
Exercise 2:
Write the words in brackets in the correct form:
1- (poor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is a big problem all over the world.
2- ‘’Rammed’’ is a new system in the Moroccan (healthy). . . . . . . . . . . .care.
3- Our country has made great efforts for the sustainable (develop). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4- We have to preserve our (nature). . . . . . . . . . . . . . resources.
5- People mustn’t (pollution). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . their neighborhood.
6- Nowadays, some countries have lack of (society). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . justice.
7- You should learn how to (investment). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your money.
B/ FUNCTIONS: CAUSE AND EFFECT
Express cause:
- . . . . . . because . . . . .
- . . . . . . since. . . . . . . + Clause ( subject+verb+o/c)
- . . . . . . as. . . . . . . . .

- Because of. . . . .
- Due to. . . . . . . + gerund or noun
- Owing to. . . . . .
Examples :
- Ahlam failed the exams because she didn’t revise well.
- Ahlam failed the exams since she didn’t revise well.
- Ahlam failed the exams as she didn’t revise well.
- Ahlam failed the exams because of not revising well.
- Ahlam failed the exams due to not revising well.
- Ahlam failed the exams owing to the lack of revision.

Express effect.
- . . . . . . So , . . . . . .
- . . . . . .Therefore, . . . . .
- . . . . . . as a result, . . . .
- . . . . . . As a consequence, . . .
- . . . . . . Consequently, . . . . .
- . . . . . . Thus, . . . . .
- . . . . . . Hence, . . . .
- . . . . . . Because of this, . . . .
- . . . . . . that’s why. . . . . .
Examples:
- Ahlam didn’t revise well. So, she faild the exams.
- Ahlam didn’t revise well. As a result, she faild the exams.
- Ahlam didn’t revise well. Therefore, she faild the exams.
- Ahlam didn’t revise well. Hence, she failed the exams.

Exercise:
Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.
1- A lot of students drop out of school because their parents are poor.
-A lot of students drop out of school due to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- Ali couldn’t go to school yesterday due to his sickness.
-Ali was sick yesterday. So, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- Many rural women are able to read and write thanks to joining the literacy classes.
-Many rural women are able to read and write since. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4- The teacher was absent. As a result, students returned to their houses.
- Students returned to their houses because. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5- Hafsa makes great efforts. So, she gets great marks.
-Hafsa makes great efforts. Therefore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6- The plants look fresh because Tom waters them every day.
-Tom waters the plants every day. That’s why, . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7- The show was breathtaking. So, the audience applauded.
-The audience applauded because. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8- Students practiced so hard. As a result, they won the competition.
-Students won the competition because of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9- There was a storm. Consequently, we stayed inside.
-We stayed inside owing to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10- She hates cats. So she wasn’t happy when her husband bought three.
-As she hates cats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C/ GRAMMAR: FUTURE PERFECT VS FUTURE SIMPLE

The future simple :
The form:
The affirmative form:

Will + infinitive

- I will travel tomorrow.

- He will play football next week
The negative form:

Will + not + infinitive

Won’t + infinitive

- I will not travel tomorrow.

- He won’t play football next week.
The interrogative form:

Will + subject + infinitive….?

- Will you travel tomorrow?

- Will he play football next week?
The use:
We use the simple future for future actions.
The indicators:
A time in the future.
Tomorrow – next week – next month – next year …
The future perfect:
The form:
The affirmative form:

Will + have + past participle of the verb

- I will have finished my homework by 10 o’clock.

- He will have typed the report by tomorrow.
The negative form:

Will +not+ have + past participle of the verb

Won’t + have + past participle of the verb

- I will not have finished my homework by 10 o’clock.

- He won’t have typed the report by tomorrow.
The interrogative form:

Will + subject + have+ past participle of the verb….?

- Will you have finished your homework by 10 o’clock?

- Will he have typed the report by tomorrow?
The use:
We use the future perfect when we talk about a completed action
before a time in the future.
The indicators:
By + time in the future.
Exercise:
Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1- Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish) their studies by the end of July.
2- They. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (leave) the classroom by the end of the day.
3- Jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drive) you tomorrow.
4- The airplane to Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(take) off in ten minutes.
5- He. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (write) the book by the end of this year.
6- The sun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (rise) before we start out.
7- They. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) back tonight.
8- The birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (fly) to the south by winter.
9- Richard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(receive) his package by tomorrow.
10- (You/ help). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with this exercise before we have dinner?
11- My sister. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (buy) a present for her friend’s birthday by 8 o’clock.
12- I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not/go) to the party tonight. I feel sick.
13- Adam. . . . . . . . . . . . . (sleep) early today.
14- Robbin. . . . . . . . . . . . . (inspect) the Bonsai plants by the evening

D/ COMPREHENSION: FIVE WAYS TO BECOME RICH.

1) “Money makes the world go round,” is a well-known idiom in English. It means that if you want to buy a
house, or travel around the world or study at a good college, or university, you will need money, and,
probably, a lot of it. So, how can you get more money to do all of these things? How can you become
rich? Many people will give you a lot of different advice. Below is a list of five simple and practical
things you can do to make your bank account grow.
2) 1. Save your money. Don’t always spend the money you make on things you don’t really need. If you
spend three dollars on a cup of coffee every day at work, that’s $15 per week, or about $60 a month.
Over a year, that will cost you about $720 and over twenty years all those cups of coffee will add up to
$14,000.
3) 2. Choose your friends carefully. Make friends who are rich, or want to become rich, just like you do.
When you do this, you will learn more about how to make money. Warren Buffett, one of the richest
people in the world, gives this advice: “It’s better to hang out with people better than you.”
4) 3. Find out what you really love to do and then focus your time and energy on that. Steve Jobs, the
creator of Apple Computer, often talked about focus. You need to be so excited about what you do that
it makes you get up early in the morning, while other people are still sleeping.
5) 4. The fourth thing you can do to become rich might sound a bit strange. Don’t work. Robert Kiyosaki,
the famous author of ‘Rich Dad Poor Dad’, says that perhaps you should try to start your own successful
business instead of working for someone else. Does that mean you should be the boss? No, he says,
being a boss is also a kind of job, and takes too much time and hard work. Instead, pay someone to be
the company boss for you. Very simply, you should first own a business and then make your money do
all the work for you.
6) 5. Finally, start young and keep learning from your financial mistakes. You are human and, no doubt,
over time you will make many of them. But that’s okay. It’s easier to lose ten thousand dollars when
you are twenty-five than when you are sixty-five.
Comprehension questions:
A. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY.
1. Traveling around the world costs a lot of money.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. According to Steve Jobs focusing is the key to succeed.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Robert Kiyosaki says that it's important to become the boss of your own company.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. How much does it cost to buy a cup of coffee everyday per a week?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. How can the right friends help you to become rich?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Who says that you should work hard?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM THE TEXT.
1. There are five important pieces of advice in order to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. One of the most important thing to do is to set up your own business instead of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.....................................................................................
D. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFFER TO?
1. It: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Them: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR PHRASES WHICH MEAN THE SAME AS.
1. Famous (P1): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Enthusiastic (P4): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Have (P5): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E/ WRITING: FORMAL LETTER/ EMAIL

Dear Sir,
Dear sir or madam
Dear Madam,
Dear the president
Dear. . . . . . ,
(The purpose of writing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Any necessary details). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........................................................................
. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely

Example:
Project area: our neighborhood
Goals of the project: clean and plant the neighborhood
Activities: cleaning – planting trees and flowers – painting the sidewalks – painting the vases
Requirements: trash bags – trash cans – vases – paintings – brooms – dyeing brushes – access to water.
Estimated budget: about 20,000Dhs

Dear Mr. the president,

I am writing to you this email to inform you that we would like to apply to get a grant for our project.
Our project works on environment preservation. Its aim is to make our neighborhood clean and green.
Our main activities would be cleaning the neighborhood, planting trees and flowers, painting the
sidewalks and vases. To start this project, we need many requirements including, trash bags, trash cans,
vases of different shape and size, brooms, dyeing brushes and access to water. The project will need a
budget that can be estimated at 20.000Dhs.
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
Example 2:
The emigration of skilled workers is a real problem for their countries of origin. Write an email to the
editor of the web site www.globaldebate.org in which you explain why these people emigrate and
suggest ways to encourage them to stay in their own countries.

Dear Editor,
The reason why I am writing this email is to share some thoughts about why skilled workers emigrate to
developed countries and to suggest some solutions in order to encourage them to stay in their countries
of origin. There are two main reasons why they choose to emigrate. The first cause is the lack of job
opportunities. They all have their diplomats and some of them even graduated with great degrees.
However, they can’t find jobs. As a result, they suffer from unemployment. The second cause is the low
income or salary that they get once they are lucky to finally find a job. Therefore, they find it difficult to
live an appropriate life. There are many solutions to encourage skilled workers to stay in their countries
of origin. First, providing more job opportunities can help cut down this phenomenon. Second, they
should be given an appropriate salary so that they can live in good conditions. Once the government
provides these solutions to them, they won’t decide to emigrate to other countries.
I am looking forward to hearing from you
Yours sincerely

GLOBAL EXAM 4.
(1) Civil society in Morocco is working hard to fight tobacco and drug addiction among young people.
With the help of non-governmental organizations, many teenagers manage to give up smoking.

(2) Salim, eighteen years old, is one of them. He tells his story to other young people
to discourage them from smoking. ‘’A friend offered me my first cigarrete. Soon
I started buying my own cigarette and got in the habit of smoking. As my parents
didn’t realize that I was smoking, I carried on until one day a teacher, who was a
member of an organization, saved me. He gave me advice and support for
several weeks till I finally quitted this bad habit.’’ Salim said.
 (3) Samira, a secondary school student, started smoking and taking drugs when she was 13 because of
family problems. ‘’My mother neglected me. She gave me money just to get rid of me. As for my dad,
he only came home in the evening and always started to shout at my mother. I easily found refuge in
drugs.’’ She explained.

(4) Amina Baaji, a teacher and member of the Moroccan Association for Listening and Dialogue, has
helped several secondary school students put their difficulties behind them. She stressed the
importance of the role of parents in dealing with cigarrete smoking, before it leads to drug addiction.
‘’Families must look after their children and try to understand them so that they will not become
addicted to tobacco or drugs,’’ she says. ‘’Parents’ failure to listen to their children and understand
their problems is the main reason why young people start smoking or taking drugs,’’ she added.

(5) Jamal Bahaoui, another teacher, agrees with Baaji. ‘’If young people are to be protected from tobacco
and drugs, families and schools must keep an eye on them and try to understand their needs and
fears,’’ he explained. ‘’Teachers must spend more time listening to their students so that they can give
them guidance and help to deal with their psychological problems.’’ He added.

(6) The best way to get the message across is not by giving advice, but rather by encouraging young people
to take part in anti-drug campaigns,’’ Jalal Tawfik, a psychiatrist, says. He encourages all young people
who have overcome addiction to tobacco or drugs to act as an example to others.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS.
BASE ALL YOUR ANSWERS FROM THE TEXT
A. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY. (3pts)
1- Salim wants young people to learn from his experiences as a smoker.
......................................................................................
2- Salim’s parents knew he was smoking.
......................................................................................
3- For Jalal Tawfik, giving advice is the best way to help students stop smoking.
......................................................................................
B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (3pts)
1. How did salim’s teacher help him?
......................................................................................
2. Why did Samira’s mother give her money?
......................................................................................
3. What does Baaji advise parents to do to protect their children from addiction?
......................................................................................
C. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM THE TEXT. (3pts)
1- Thanks to non-governmental organizations, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- Because of family problems, Samira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- The message in the picture is that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO? (3pts)
1- This bad habit (paragraph 2): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- Them (paragraph 4): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- They (paragraph5): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR PHRASES WHICH MEAN THE SAME AS. (3pts)
1- Continued (paragraph 2) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- Advice (paragraph 5):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- Participate (paragraph 6) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B/ LANGUAGE : (15points)
A. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS IN THE LIST. (3pts)
Social- raise – equal – opportunities – fight - global
1. The world leaders will have a conference to discuss solutions to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .warming.
2. People all over the world call for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . justice.
3. It is part of the educators’ responsibility to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .students’ awareness to the dangerous
effects of drugs and cigarettes.
4. One of the suggestions to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corruption is to pass some strict regulations.
5. Everyone must be treated the same. We are all. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . before the law.
6. The government needs to create more job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . every year.
B. PUT THE WORDS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM. (3pts)
1. Many teenagers act without (conscious). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. (Renew) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energies are environmental-(friend). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Everyone knows that smoking causes (harm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diseases.
C. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN BRACKETS (5pts)
1. Imane can’t with her friends this evening. She has to study for an exam. (because)
......................................................................................
2. Many people decide to move to the city. Job opportunities are rare in the countryside. (so)
......................................................................................
3. Mourad is allergic to humidity. He can’t live in Casablanca. (due to)
......................................................................................
4. Hassan Elfad can make people laugh. He has a great sense of humour. (thanks to)
......................................................................................
5. Mr. Smith’s car broke down on the way. He was late for work. (Therefore)
......................................................................................
D. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense. (4pts)
1. By the end of June, Baccalaureate students (finish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . their exams.
2. ‘’We (build) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 highways by 2030’’. A minister declared.
3. Next summer holiday, I think I (not/travel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to Marrakech.
4. (You/ go). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to the office next Sunday?

C. WRITING. WRITE TASK ONE AND TASK TWO.

TASK 1: Complete the following paragraph about your favourite TV programme. (4pts)

My favourite TV programme is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I like it for the

following reasons. First, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

....................................................................................

....................................................................................

....................................................................................

....................................................................................

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TASK 2 : (6pts)
One of your teachers has helped you a lot with your studies. Write a thank you letter to him/ her and
explain how he/she has helped you.
Dear teacher,
...............................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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