TOEFL Structure Test 7 Time: 25 minutes This section is designed to test your ability to recognize language structures which are ‘appropriate in standard writen English, The questions in this section belong to two types, each of which has special directions Digzcions: Questions 1-15 are partial sentences. Below each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Select the one word or phrase that best com pletes the sentence, ‘Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question you have selected. Blacken the space so that the letter inside the circle does not show Example I Sample Answer eG8oo Drying flowers is the best way - (A) to preserve (®) by preserving, (©) preserve (D) preserved The sentence should state, "Drying flowers is the best way to preserve them." Therefore, the correct answer is (A). Sample Answer ~~ = - as small, private colleges. ®O&eoO Example 11 Many American universities - (A) begun’ (B) beginning (©) began (D) for the beginning The sentence should state, “Many American universities began as small, private colleges. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) ‘After you read the directions, begin work on the questions. 1. Beginning in the 1960s, national studies 2, Bacteria that - in ocean waters have surveyed changes in the values of transport other organisms to new college students to identify - habitable environments and sources of in college education. nourishment, (A) that it is important to them (A) free travel (B) what is important to them (B) traveling freely (C) to them what is the importance (C)wavel freely (D) what importance to them (D) freely travels, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »3. Two objects, both with positive or both with negative charges, are repelled, while objects with opposite charges (A) are attracting the other (B) attracted to each other (©)to each other attract them (D)are attracted to each other 4, Roman law, one of - ~ -- with a continuous history, spread to many countries during the Roman conquest of Europe and Asia (A) the oldest existing systems (B) systems, the oldest existing (©) the existence, the oldest system (D) existing the oldest system 5, Although the eucalyptus is native to Australia, in the U.S. belongs to the eucalyptus family, which comprises over 500 varieties. (A) a large quantity of timber is harvested (B) largely, a quantity of timber is harvested (C)a large quantity of timber harvested (D)a quantity of timber is large, harvested 6. Florida, mainly a peninsula jutting into the Atlantic Ocean, - - - - during the economic expansion of the 1990s. (A) has been experienced, its fastest growth (B) has experienced, it grows the fastest (©) experienced its fastest growth (D)its fastest growth has been experiencing When an intersecting plane - of a conical surface, the resulting curve is called the hyperbola. (A) cuts both sides (B) cutting both sides (©) both sides are cut () cut in both sides 8. 10. u 12, After ~~ - - California, David Hockney contributed to the Pop art trend and developed his figurative style in painting portraits. (A) he, moving to @) to moving © moved to ©) moving to ). When the demand for merchandise exceeds capacity, customers -------, if no backup inventory is available. (A) must turn away (B) must turn them away (© must be turned away (D) turn away and must be Although - - - - - - - - to a publi¢ office, Robert Moses served as the New York secretary of state between 1927 and 1928 and led the state redevelopment program. (A) he never elected (B) electing never (©) never electing (D)never elected Ostriches are flightless birds that can be - 2.5 meters with exceptionally strong legs (A)as tall (B)so tall as (©)tall so as (D)as tall as Sandy beaches are popular recreational locations where people come - (A) to swim, play sports, and sunbathe (B)to swimming, playing sports, and sunbathing © for a swim, playing sports and sunbathing (D)swim, play sports, and sunbathe GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »13, Ballet dancers appear to perform many movements -------- (A) that is unnatural in the body (B) that are unnatural for the body (© where the body is unnatural (D) when the body is being unnatural 14, Export credit is a financial guarantee usually provided by a bank to enable companies - - - - = - when the payment is delayed or risky. (A) for the goods exported (B) to export goods (©) to exporting goods (D) exporting the goods to 15. Nightingales that can be heard at night as well as by day migrate to Africa in winters and Europe in summers - - - in abundant supply. (A) when is food (B) when food is (©) their food is (D) there food is GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »Part B DIRECTIONS: In questions 16-40 every sentence has four words or phrases that are underlined. ‘The four underlined portions of each sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one word or phrase that should be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and blacken the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have selected. Sample Answer e8oo Example I Christopher Columbus has sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land he thought to A B ¢ D be India. The sentence should state, “Christopher Columbus sailed from Europe in 1492 and discov- ered a new land he thought to be India.” Therefore, you should choose answer (A). Example I Sample Answer ®e@00 ‘As the roles of people in society change, so does the rules of conduct in certain situations. A B c D The sentence should state, “As the roles of people in society change, so do the rules of con- duct in certain situations.” Therefore, you should choose answer (B). After you read the directions, begin work on the questions. 16. Having completing his education in Harvard, Wendell Phillips became an outspoken A B abolitionist and a widely-wraveled lecturer, who also supported labor unionization. c D 17, Plant hormones have shown to produce a remarkable effect on plant growth, flowering, and A B c the generation of fruit. D 18, Lately, motorcycle race courses incorporated oval-shaped dirt tracks, hill climbs, and natural A B c terrains with added antficial hazards. D 19. Passports are legal documents issued by governments to give their bearers an authorization to A B cross nation borders and seek protection in an emergency. G D GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »20. 21 2, 23. 24, 25, 27. 28. Body of still water in ground depressions are common in formerly glaciated areas, near A B slow-flowing rivers, and in low lands near sea shores. c D Itis not known why many seeds undergo a period of dormancy even during the times when A B c conditions for their growth is favorable. D ‘The lowest layer of the atmosphere, heated by the Earth, consisting of bound atoms of A B c nitrogen and oxygen, with a small quantity of argon, D Alvin Ailey’s choreography reflected his southern roots and center on fragments of folk songs A B G and jazz that was innovative in his time. D ‘The wire-wound coil ina simple generator rotates between the pole of a permanent magnet. A B Gi D Milwaukee, settled in 1818, drawn a large number of immigrants who arrived in search of jobs A B c D and inexpensive housing. JRR. Tolkien's book for children, titled The Hobbit, describes th A iventures of Bilbo in a fantastic world, populated by dragons, dwarfs, and another mythical creatures, including a B c D wizard, Studies of Mars indicate that enough water might be collected on the planet's surface A B G sustain prolonged missions by human space crews, D North Dakota, rich in natural gas and lignite deposits, remains the most rural of all states, with A B c 90% of land under agricultural cultivation. D GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »29, 30, 31 33. 34, 35. 36, 37. Geological dating can be carried out by measuring how much radioactive elements of a rock A B have change since the rock was formed c D Parallel beams of light converge and can be eventually brought into focus when pass through A B c a convex lens to produce a real image on a screen, D If the air temperature falls below the freezing point, the dew will freeze, and the water vapor A B c can condenses directly into ice. D Although different in size and shape, most ferns are perennial and spreading by low-growing A B c root systems and spores transported by wind, D ‘Walt Disney and his brother established their animation studio in Hollywood in 1923, and the A first animation cartoon with Mickey Mouse appeared in black and white in 1928. B ¢ D For centuries, philosophers and artists alike have debated the meaning of beauty and A B ‘questioned whether it real or only perceived. q D In some musical compositions, regular alternations of the beat are avoided without repetition A B so that the listener will not become accustomed by them, c D ‘Margaret Mitchell, the author of Gone with the Wind, had researched the Civil War and then A en the story about Georgia and the period that followed the war, B q D hac As the sign languages of the deaf show, the sounds of speech are not required to expressing A B ¢ D meaningful structures. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. »38. In 1831, English physicist, Michael Faraday, discovered the principle of electromagnetic A B n, which the electric motor and the electric generator are based. c D indus 39. Aspiring to eliminate slavery entirely, Francois Toussaint organized an army A B consisting mostly of illiterate slaves into a power military force. e D 40, The human rib cage protects the lungs and the heart allows the chest to expand and A B c contract easily. D »>STOP< This is the end of Section 2. Read the directions for Section 3. Do not read or work on any other section of the test Look at the time now before you begin work on Section 3. Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.