International Physical Distribution

Final Work

Santiago Velilla Correa

Simon Esteban Arboleda

The first step was choosing the product that we are going to work with, and among
all the possible things we chose the HS 680221 which is marble, travertine and
alabaster, we pick that option because it is not a common one and also because
simon works importing it so it would a closer product that we already know a little bit
about it. Those 3 are mainly used in construction for creating the floor or the tables
that are made with these materials to make it different because it is a stone and is
very used nowadays in different ways and also different tones or colors for creating a
more dynamic decoration.

After that we found a list of countries that exports that product and the two countries
that we chose were Turkey and Italy taking as a base the total value being turkey the
first one and Italy the second, that value is from april 2021 to march 2022, in the
table we have some values that are useful as the participation, the total value,
among other numbers.
First Module: Commercial Opportunities
After downloading the excel file we only kept the information that we needed and we
hide the other information, the information required was:
-Customs agent
-Exporter-Company Name, Municipality
-Address of the importer
-Business unit
-Weight Kg.Net
-Place of departure
-Transport mode
-Freight value
-Insurance value
Where we are able to find information like the customs agency that helped to do all
the process, the company that imported the product, also the department from the
importer, where we can see that they are all around Colombia, and the address but
there is no address or direction from any of the importers or exporters, the business
unit for both is the square meter, and there is also the weight in kilos, the port where
it arrived here in Colombia, the country where it is from, and also the transport mode
where we can see that all of them are using the maritime transportation thanks to its
effectiveness, price, and also because most of them are heavy and voluminous so is
required to be careful, and also because it is being transported from different
continents and it is not needed super quickly. And finally we kept some values from
the insurance and the freight.

Turkey
● Logistics profile

The results of the logistics performance index for the year 2018 show that Turkey is
ranked 47 of 160 countries with a rank of 3.20 when the average is 2.96.

● Customs: The country obtained a score of 2.71 when there was an

average of 2.75 and was ranked 58th out of 160 countries.
● Infrastructure: The country obtained a score of 3.21 out of an average
of 2.82 and was ranked 33rd out of 160 countries.
● International shipments: Donde el país obtuvo un puntaje de 3,06
cuando hubo un promedio de 2,90 y quedo en el puesto 53 de 160
países.
● Logistics competence: The country obtained a score of 3.05 when
there was an average of 2.91 and was ranked 51st out of 160
countries.
● Tracking and tracing: The country obtained a score of 3.23 when there
was an average of 2.99 and was ranked 42nd out of 160 countries.
● Punctuality: The country obtained a score of 3.63 when there was an
average of 3.33 and was ranked 44th out of 160 countries.
The results of the global competitiveness index are given by 61 positions of 140
countries with a rank of 62.14; this analysis takes into account 6 different criteria with
the objective of getting these results, in which are found customs, infrastructure,
international shipments, logistics competence, tracking and tracing, punctuality. But
also takes into account the global competitiveness index which is analyzed
according to maritime access, air access, rail access, and land access.

● Maritime access: A total of 11,679.1 TEU was registered in the country

for 2019 and according to Legiscomex.com projections, by 2020 this
value may be 12,469.5 TEU.

● Air access: The air freight measured in metric tons per kilometers
traveled recorded by the country was 6,815.5 million tons/kilograms for
2019 and according to projections made by Legiscomex, by 2020 this
value would reach 8,269.7 tons/kilograms.

● Rail access: The volume of goods transported by rail measured in

metric tons per kilometers traveled that the country recorded was 14.7
million tons/kilograms for 2019 and according to projections made by
Legiscomex, by 2020 this value would reach 15.4 tons/kilograms.
 ● Land access: Turkey has a road network that, according to the CIA,
consists of 67,333 km, of which 24,082 km are paved (including 2,159
km of highways) and 43,251 km are unpaved.
● Commercial Opportunities.
According to the commercial opportunities that Legiscomex provides, the
main opportunities are defined by articles of textile materials, made up, incl.
dress patterns; cloths of all textile materials, as well as twine, cordage, ropes,
and the string of textile material; lightships, pump boats, dredgers, pontoon
cranes and other vessels in which navigation is.
● Maritime Routes.
In accordance with what is provided by Legiscomex, the best maritime routes
are provided by Hamburgsüd, Maersk Line, CMA-CGM, Evergreen, CCNI,
and Hapag-Lloyd; all of which are shipping lines serving worldwide, but don’t
show the specific routes taken by them.
Italy
● Logistics profile

This rating is from 1 to 5, with 1 being low and 5 being high. The results for 2019
showed that Italy is ranked 19th out of 160 countries with a score of 3.70 when there
is an average of 2.96.

● Customs: The country obtained a score of 3.47 when there was an

average of 2.75 and was ranked 23rd out of 160 countries.
● Infrastructure: The country obtained a score of 3.85 when there was an
average of 2.82 and was ranked 18th out of 160 countries.
● International shipments: The country obtained a score of 3.51 when
there was an average of 2.90 and was ranked 21st out of 160
countries.
● Logistics competence: The country obtained a score of 3.66 when
there was an average of 2.91 and was ranked 24th out of 160
countries.
● Tracking and tracing: The country obtained a score of 3.85 when there
was an average of 2.99 and was ranked 18th out of 160 countries.
● Punctuality: The country obtained a score of 4.13 out of an average of
3.33 and was ranked 17th out of 160 countries.

The results of the global competitiveness index are ranked by 2019 ranked 30th out
of 140 countries, with a total score of 71.53. Which is analyzed according to maritime
access, air access, rail access, and land access.

● Maritime access: A total of 10,014.2 TEU was registered in the country

for 2019 and according to Legiscomex.com projections, by 2020 this
value may be 10,083.7 TEU.
 ● Air access: The air freight measured in metric tons per kilometers
traveled recorded by the country was 1,345.0 million tons/kilograms for
2019 and according to projections made by Legiscomex, by 2020 this
value would reach 1,442.7 tons/kilograms.

● Rail access: The volume of goods transported by rail measured in

metric tons per kilometers traveled recorded by the country was 21.3
million tons/kilograms for 2019 and according to projections made by
Legiscomex, by 2020 this value would reach 21.6 tons/kilograms.

● Land access: Italy has a road network that, according to the CIA,
consists of 487,700 km, of which 6,700 km are highways.

● Commercial Opportunities.
According to the commercial opportunities that Legiscomex provides, the
main opportunities are defined by articles of textile materials, made up, incl.
dress patterns; cloths of all textile materials, as well as twine, cordage, ropes,
 and the string of textile material; lightships, pump boats, dredgers, pontoon
cranes and other vessels in which navigation is.
● Maritime Routes.
There are 4 main commercial ports: La Spezia, Livorno, Salerno, and
Venecia; which show some different maritime routes as can be noticed below.
● La Spezia

Port Shipping Connections Approxi Approx. Frequency

Line mate transit
transit time
time Export
Import (days)
(days)

Buenaven Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 36 2 Weeks

tura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenaven Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 35 2 Weeks

tura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO - Livorno, N/A 26 Weekly

tura Süd IT

Buenaven Hamburg Genoa - Santos - San 47 N/A Weekly

tura Süd Antonio

Buenaven Hamburg Genoa - Santos - San 48 N/A Weekly

tura Süd Antonio

Buenaven Hamburg Genoa - Santos - San 49 N/A Weekly

tura Süd Antonio

Buenaven CMA - Rodman, PA - Punta N/A 32 Weekly

tura CGM Manzanillo, MX, PA -
Genoa, IT

Buenaven CMA - Rodman, PA - Punta N/A 34 Weekly

tura CGM Manzanillo, MX, PA -
Genoa, IT

● Livorno
 Port Shipping Connections Approxi Approx. Frequency
Line mate transit
transit time
time Export
Import (days)
(days)

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO N/A 23 Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO N/A 24 Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO N/A 25 Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Manzanillo, MX 39 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Manzanillo, MX 40 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Manzanillo, MX 41 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Santos, BR - Callao, PE 47 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Santos, BR - Callao, PE 48 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven CMA - Punta Manzanillo, MX - 36 N/A Weekly

tura CGM Rodman, PA

Buenaven CMA - Punta Manzanillo, MX - 37 N/A Weekly

tura CGM Rodman, PA

Buenaven CMA - Punta Manzanillo, MX - 39 N/A Weekly

tura CGM Rodman, PA

● Salerno
 Ports Shipping Connections Approxi Approx. Frequency
Line mate transit
transit time
time Export
Import (days)
(days)

Buenaven Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 29 2 Weeks

tura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenaven Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 30 2 Weeks

tura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenaven Maersk Algeciras, ES 30 N/A 2 Weeks

tura Line

Buenaven Maersk Algeciras, ES 32 N/A 2 Weeks

tura Line

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO - Livorno, N/A 26 Weekly

tura Süd IT

Buenaven Hamburg Cartagena, CO - Livorno, N/A 28 Weekly

tura Süd IT

Buenaven Hamburg Antwerp, BE - Callao, PE 45 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hamburg Antwerp, BE - Callao, PE 46 N/A Weekly

tura Süd

Buenaven Hapag- Manzanillo, MX - Cagliari, N/A 50 Weekly

tura Lloyd IT

Buenaven Hapag- Manzanillo, MX - Cagliari, N/A 52 Weekly

tura Lloyd IT

● Venecia
 Ports Shippin Connections Approxi Approx. Frequenc
g Line mate transit y
transit time
time Export
Import (days)
(days)

Buenavent Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 32 2 Weeks

ura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenavent Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 33 2 Weeks

ura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenavent Maersk Balboa, PA, PA - N/A 34 2 Weeks

ura Line Marsaxlokk, MT

Buenavent Maersk Algeciras, ES 34 N/A 2 Weeks

ura Line

Buenavent Maersk Algeciras, ES 36 N/A 2 Weeks

ura Line

Buenavent Hambur Cartagena, CO - Livorno, N/A 26 Weekly

ura g Süd IT

Buenavent Hambur Cartagena, CO - Livorno, N/A 27 Weekly

ura g Süd IT

Buenavent Hambur Genoa - Santos - San 49 N/A Weekly

ura g Süd Antonio

Buenavent Hambur Genoa - Santos - San 50 N/A Weekly

ura g Süd Antonio

Buenavent Hapag- Manzanillo, MX - Leghorn, N/A 51 Weekly

ura Lloyd IT

Second Module: Logistics Module

Specialized Logistics Infrastructures (ILE) means a group of areas in which one or
more operators develop some activities related to logistics, transportation,
manipulation, and distribution of goods, and some other activities with an added
value to the commerce of goods nationally or internationally.
We can find some examples such as Wholesale supply nodes, land transport
centers, distribution logistics areas, air cargo centers, port logistics activity zones,
dry ports, and multimodal logistics +zones.
● Wholesale supply nodes are used for the urban distribution of goods, avoiding
the traffic of heavy-duty vehicles through the downtown areas.
● Land transport center is a group of platforms that offers service referred to the
local transport or even as support for medium and long-distance intercity or
road traffic, offering services to the cargo, the vehicle, and the transporter.
● Distribution logistics areas are a group of regional platforms which have all the
services and equipment needed to develop some activities related to
warehousing or distributing.
● Air cargo center is an intermodal logistics center, linked to large loading
terminals and equipped with all the infrastructure needed for land connections
and foreign trade controls.
● Port logistics activity zones which are logistic platforms linked to ports that
follow activities of the second and third port lines, generally focused on the
logistics needs of maritime transport
We can also find some port line classifications, divided into front-line port activities,
second-line port activities, and third-line port activities.
● Front line port activities: These are those activities that are directly related to the
processes of land-sea exchanges such as unloading, loading, and discharge
● Second port line activities: Are all the activities not needed for the intermodal
exchange but contribute the ones to improving the services like storage,
warehousing, unpacking, packing, ship repair, supply, and maintenance services.
● Third port line activities: Refers to the functions related to the port services, logistics
centers, and distribution centers.
Finally, there are some other specialized logistics infrastructures that don’t fit in the previous
classifications, such as dry ports and multimodal logistics zones
● Dry ports: These are logistics platforms specialized in the road-rail modal interchange
and the treatment of rail cargo; thus, the dry ports are known as the ones whose
intermodal freight terminal is located inland and connects via rail or road to the port of
origin or destination.
● Multimodal logistics zones: These can be combined with the centers of transport
made by big intermodal logistics platforms with greater functional complexity.
In conclusion, the ILE is focused on facilitating customs preparations, so the infrastructures
are integrated into logistic corridors of strategic importance and promote foreign trade by
taking advantage of intermodality for the movement of goods to and from the ports of origin
or destination.