Pinus

It is an arboreal species that belongs to the

Pinaceae family, genus Pinus. This conifer, which
can reach 30 meters in height by about 5 meters in
circumference, grows enormously throughout
Eurasia. The references to the red or vermilion
color are due to its bark, which is deep red in the
upper part of the trunk, and reddish brown in the
lower part.

It supports full sun, but not in the shade; it adapts

to all types of soil except the flooded ones but it
does adapt to the humid ones.They resist very
cold winters.
The wood is used for paper and sawn wood
products. Pine has also been used as a source of
rosin and turpentine.
The wood is light brown to reddish brown in
color, and is used for general construction work.

It has been used extensively in the United States

for the Christmas tree trade, being one of the most
popular Christmas trees between the 1950s and
1980s.
Pine is also cultivated for ornamental purposes in
parks and gardens in Europe, as well as for
reforestation.

Bibliohgrafia

 Forrest, G. I. 1980. Genotypic variation among native Scots Pine populations in

Scotland based on monoterpene analysis. Forestry 53: 101-128.
 Forrest, G. I. 1982. Relationship of some European Scots Pine populations to
native Scottish woodlands based on monoterpene analysis. Forestry 55: 19-37.
 Kinloch, B. B., R. D. Westfall & G. I. Forrest 1986. Caledonian Scots Pine:
origins and genetic structure. New Phytologist 104: 703-729.
 Langlet, O. 1959. A cline or not a cline - a question of Scots Pine. Silvae
Genetica 8: 13-22.
 Pravdin, L. F. 1964. Sosna obyknovennaya. Izdatelstvo
Naúka, Moscú [Translated Israel progr. scient. transl., Jerusalem, as Scots
Pine, 1969].
 Prus-Glowacki, W. & B. R. Stephan 1994. Genetic variation of Pinus sylvestris
from Spain in relation to other European populations. Silvae Genetica 43: 7-14.
 Steven, H. M. & A. Carlisle 1959. The native pinewoods of Scotland
Ciprés

Like the vast majority of conifers, they are

evergreen, can reach 20 m in height with an
approximate diameter of 60 cm. Its size is
pyramidal, with rapid growth in the first years of
life, slowing down later and being able to reach
300 years of life. They have a straight trunk and
thin bark in which longitudinal fissures are
formed. The leaves are very small (2-6 mm long)
scale-shaped, aligned in opposite pairs and
decussate.
It blooms at the end of winter and in the same
specimen male and female flowers are produced;
the male ones form yellowish and dark orange
oval cones that hang from the tips of the branches.
The female ones are slightly spherical, they are
made up of about 12 scales and when they
develop they become a globular galbule of 3x4
cm, green at first, turning reddish and brown
when they reach maturity.

Applications
Its wood is light yellowish brown, with a fine
texture and, generally, with a straight grain; It is
not resinous and usually gives off an aroma
similar to that of cedar. It is often used for body
construction, and the best selections of it can also
be used for decorative boards, turnery, guitar
veneers, etc.

Biblografia

1. Christenhusz, M. J. M., J. L. Reveal, A. K. Farjon, M. F. Gardner, R. R. Mill

& M. W. Chase. 2011. A new classification and linear sequence of extant
gymnosperms. Phytotaxa 19: 55–70.
2. de Laubenfels, D. J., C. E. Husby & P. Griffith. 2012. Further nomenclatural
action for the cypressus (Cupressaceae). Novon 22(1): 8–15.
3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1993. Pteridophytes and
Gymnosperms. Fl. N. Amer. 2: i–xvi, 1–475.
4. Gray, A. 1850. Plantae Lindheimerianae, Part 2. Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6:
141–240. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
5. Idárraga-Piedrahíta, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello.
(eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia,
Medellín.
6. Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas
vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H.
Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri
Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
7. Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba
19(1): 1–118.
Bambu

family: Poaceae-Gramineae.
Genus: Phyllostachys.
Species: Angiosperm, plants with flowers and
fruits with seeds.
Origin: China.
Magnitude: it can reach between 6 and 8 meters in
height, approximately. Medium to fast growing. It
is a very invasive species, due to its root system of
rhizomes, which spreads out forming large
massifs.
Foliage: evergreen, tall, slender canes with
prominent nodes, green in 1st year, turning black
in 2nd year of life. Long, thin, pointed green
leaves; bright green.
Sun exposure: full sun, half shade, shade. They
tolerate, live and develop without any
inconvenience in shady places.
Climate: it is a very rustic species. It resists up to -
10ºC and even down to -20ºC.
Soil: does not require demands Adapting to
various conditions. Prefers loose, well-drained
soil.
Multiplication: by division of rhizomes in spring;
cutting the new shoots from the rhizomes.
Uses and ornamental value: this variety stands out
for its black stems, being very ornamental. It is a
very useful species, for shady places and
exhibitions
Bamboo flowers only once in its entire life, in the
case of Phyllostachys Nigra, at 120 years. It is the
variety that takes the longest to flower.
Bibliografia

https://www.jardineriaon.com/el-bambu-negro.html