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TheEvolutionofMarriage 10000869
TheEvolutionofMarriage 10000869
OF
THE UNIVER SITY
O F C ALIFO R NIA
P RES EN TE D B Y
PR O F CH ARLES A
. . I
K O F O D AND
M RS P R UD EN CE
. W . KO F O ID
TH E C ON TE M P OR A R Y S CI E N C E S E R I E S .
ED I TE D B Y H AV E L O C K E L L I S .
OF MA R R IA G E
A ND OF TH E F A M I LY
CH . L E TO U R NE AU ,
o P a ris ,
and P rofessor in Me S c hool f
o A nt/t ropo/ogy .
L O ND O N
WAL TE R S C O TT 4 W AR WICK, 2 L ANE
TERNO ST ER W
PA RO
1 89 1 .
C O NT E NTS .
C H A TE R I P .
TH E B I OLO G I L O R I I N CA G OF M A RR I A G E
I Th T Pla fM e rue ce o an in the Anim a Kingdo m l
i n
. .
I I R pr d
. e o uc t o .
II I . R ut an d Lo ve .
IV . Lo ve o f An im a l s .
C H A TE R I I P .
M A R R I AG E T HE FA
AN D A M ON G S T AN I M AL S M I LY
I Th P r e r t i n fS p i
e se v a o o ec e s
d th R r i g fth Y ung m g A al
. .
II M rri g
a a e an e ea n o e o a o n nim s.
Th F a m il y am g t A im l
.
I II . e on s n a s .
C H A P T E R I II .
P O M I U I TY
R SC
I I C as e s o f H um a o m is c ui y
t r
. .
I I I H e ai is m
’
. .
C H A T E R IV P .
SO M E S I N L R F OR M GU A L A O I T I ON S OF SE XU A SS C A 6
5 7 2 -
I P rim it i S x l Im m r l i y ve e ua o a t
I I S m S t rang F r m
. .
. o f M rri g
e e o s o a a e.
C H A P TE R V .
POLY NDRY
A
I S x l Pr p r t i n
. e uaf Bir h i In fl n
o o o o t s : ts ue ce on
M rr i g a a e.
II E th gr phy f P l ya dry
no a o o n
I I I P l y dry i An i t Arabi
. .
o an n c en a
. o n e ne .
vi C ON TE N TS .
C H A P TE R V I .
M A R R I AG E B Y C A P T URE
I R ape
arr tr
. .
II M iage by C ap u e
nial tr
. .
C H A TE R V I I P .
M A RR I AG E B Y PUR C H AS E AN D B Y SERV I TU D E 10
5
-
1 21
I T h P w r fP r t
e o e o a e n s.
M arri g by S r itud
.
II a e e v e
M arri g by Pur h
. .
I II . a e c ase .
C H A P TE R V I I I .
PR I M I T I VE PO LY G AM Y r2 2- 1
37
I l
P o ygam y in O c e a ia Afri
n c a, an d A m e ic r a
a di E r
. .
,
II . l
Po ygam y in Asi an n u o pe .
C H A P T E R IX .
PO LY G AM Y OFC I V I L I ED PEO L E S P 1 8
3 1 53
-
I Th S t ge f P l yga m y
a e o o
Arab P lyg m y
. .
II o a
P l yg m y i E gypt M x i
. .
II I o a n e c o , and Pe ur
P l yg m y i P r ia d I dia
.
.
,
IV . o a n e s an n .
C H A P TE R X .
PRO TI T I ON
S TU
'
CON C U B I N E
AN D AG 1 5 4- 1 7 0
I C bi ag i G n r l
o nc u n e n e e a
it t i
. .
II Pr o st u o n.
V ari
.
III . F rm
o usfC obi g s o o nc u na e .
C H A TE R X I P .
PR I M I T I VE M ONO G A M Y 1 7 1-1 87
I The M o no gam y o fI n fe io R ac es r r
t t tral
. .
II M o no gam y in the A nc ie n S ta es o f C e n Am e ic a r
nt t
. .
I II M o n ogam y in An c ie
. E gyp .
V M o no gam y am o ng th e M o ngo s o f A si l
l t
. .
H E B RE W AN D A RY N A M ONO G A M Y
M o n o gam y o fth e R c e s c a e d S upe io a ll r r .
r
H e b e w M a iage rr
ar nt a
.
M riage in P e s ia an d An c ie In di r
rr a nt r
.
M a i ge in An c ie G eec e
r a t
.
M a ri ge I n An c ie n R o m e
arr hr t arr
.
r r
Ba ba o us M iage an d C is ian M i age .
C HA P TE R X I II .
A DULT ERY 20 7
-
227
Adu e l t ry i G n r ln e e a .
Adu te l ry i M l i n e an es a
l t ry i B l k Afri a
.
Adu e n ac c
l t ry i P l y i
.
Adu e n o ne s a .
Adu te l ry i S g Am rin av a e e c a.
Adu e l t ry i B r b r u A m ri
n a a o s e ca
l ry am g th M g l R
.
Adu te on di e on o ac e s an n l
M a aya
l t ry m g th E gypt ia th B rb r t
.
A du e a on e ns, e e e s , an d the S em i es
l t ry i P r i d In di
.
Adu e n e s a an a.
Adu e l t ry i th G r R m an W rl d
n e ec o - o o
l t ry i Barb r u E ur p
.
A du e n a o s o e
l t ry i th P t d i th F utur
.
Adu e n e as an n e e .
P C H A TE R X I V
RE D I T I ON N D I VOR E
PU A A D C 2 2 8-2 4 8
I I S g C n t r i av a e o un es .
d R p di i n a m n g Ba rbar
.
II Di r vo c e an e u at o o o us P eo p l e s.
l ti n fD i r
.
II I Th E . e vo u o o v o c e.
P C H A TE R X V .
W I DO W HOOD N T HE L EV I R T E
A D A 2 49 2 66-
I Wid wh d i S g C
o nt r i
oo n av a e ou es
I I Wid h d i B rb r t ri
. .
owC oo n a a o us o un es .
I I I Th L irat
.
. e ev e.
IV . S um m a y r .
C H A PT E R X V I .
AM ER I C A 2 6 7-2 84
I Th F am il y
. e .
I I Th F m il y i M l
e a i n e a ne s a
I I I Th F am il y i A m ri a
. .
. e n e c .
viii C ON TE N TS .
C H A F T E R X V II .
T H E F AM I LI L C L N
A A AND ITS E V OLU T I ON
I The l
C an am o ng th e R e ds ins k
k
. .
II The l
F a m i y am o ng th e R e ds ins
a l a
. .
I II. The F m i y in P o yn e s i l .
IV . Th e l
F am i y a m o ng the M o ngo s l .
V . The l
C an an d t he F am i y l .
C H A P TE R X V I I I .
TH E M A T E R N A L F AM I LY 3 3 3
0 -
21
I
. a l l l
The F m i ia C an an d th e F am i y p o pe y l r rl so
c a ed ll .
l
II Th e F am i y in A f ic a
. r .
l
I I I Th e F am i y in M a aya
. l .
l
IV Th e F am i y am o ng th e NaI rs o f M a aba l r
a l
. .
V I Th e C o uv ade
r t
. .
V II Th e P im i iv e F a m i y
. l .
P T E R X IX CHA .
TH E F M I LY I N C I V I L I ED CO N TR I E
A S U S 3 2 2-
3 4 0
I Th F m il y i C h i
e a n na
g h S m it i R
. .
I I Th F m ily m
. e a a on t e e c ac e s .
I II . T he l
F am i y a m o n g the B e be s r r .
IV . The l
F am i y in P e s ia r .
V . Th e l
F am i y in I ndia .
VI . T he r
G e c o R o m an F am i y
-
l .
V II . Th e l
F am i y in B a ba o us E u o pe r r r .
XX C H A P TE R .
M A RR I AG E A N D T H E F A M I LY I N T H E P A S T T HE ,
P RE S E N T A N D T HE FU T U R E
, 34 1 -
3 60
I Th e P as t
t
. .
II . The P es e nr .
I II . Th e F utu e r .
INDE X
PR E FAC E .
animal s ; but this female live stock are di ffic ult to gua r d ; -
for on the
,
hand they a r e much coveted and a re u k il
o ne , ns
p unishments and of
,
fe r ocio u s reven ge s left at fir s t to the .
E oo lul z on e a ora e, o
ti ul ly wome
c ar with th delicat sentiment f mode sty
n, e e o ,
I o ,
L
than the sociological histo r y of ma rr ia ge d of the family an .
fr om what the mass f the public like far too well But
o .
o
—
tion f a w s cience ethnog raphical sociology E legant
ne .
reap the harve s t before sowin g the seed that many autho r s ,
fi r s t ta s k and the
,
which e s pecially falls to the lot of the
o ne
cla s sed them as well as I co uld and nat urally they have
,
t ti
a o ns, the groundwork f facts on which they rest i s s o
o
CH . L E T O U R NE AU .
THE EVO LUTIO N O F MA RRIA G E
AND O F TH E FA MILY
C H A P TE R I .
TH E B I O L O G I C A L O R I G I N OF MA RR I E AG .
—Man~
is a
rt br t t r i gp i t
.
s o c io o
gy l —The o rigin o f l o ve
n v a o on i o e na o e o c on n
th e in rt br t — Th
ve ntity all d N tur —O rg i p iali ati
e a es e e c e a e an c s ec s on
an d r pr du t i n —A dith yram b by H
e o c o kl ae c e .
—R ut r nd r i bl —R ut i h rt pub rty
V
I I I R ut d L an ov e e e s so c a e s a s o e
It s o c o n e e e nz o r s o o ca e so n
o f ut i m a m m al —L
r n d ut—S h p nh u r s d th d ign
o ve f
an r c o e a e an e es s o
N tur
a e .
IV L f A m m l — L
ov e o d d t h T h
’
l w f q y h
a s u t r — T o v e an ea -
e a o co e e
law f b t tl —j al u y d th ti id r t i n —L
.
gt
.
o a e e o s m
an aes e c c o ns e a o s o ve a on s
bir d —E ff
s t f x u l l
ec ti n —sT h ol se f th k y l ar k — Th
se ec o e o v es o e S a e
m al f th bl u h r
es o d th ir
e m b t —B tt l
e fm l g
e o n an d e c o a s a es O a e eese an
m l g ll i
a e —C urt u du l b tw
a n ac e ae m l —ZE th ti o eo du ti s e s e ee n a es s e c se c on
a m g on r t in b ird —[E th ti
ce a tr u ti —M u i al du ti s s e c c o ns c o ns s c se c on
Pr d m i
e o f th f m a lnan c em g r t oi b ir d — Ger t r e n u l ity
e a on c e a n s ea e se s a
o f th m l —E tI t
e f x ua l x l t t i —A C rt i p r d x
a e ec o se e a a on a es an a a o
In di idu l h i
v am g t anim l —I di idual f i f f m l
a c o ce on s a s n v an c es o e a es
G n r l pr p it i
e e a o os o n s.
TH E E VOL UTI O N OF M AR R I A GE
men f geni us man does not rise prodi giously above his
o ,
or ,
, , , ,
hav for their aim the sati s faction f one f the most
e o o
t ig
a ne call s it which im pels both m and animal to
, an
e er ne
II . R ep roa uelzon
’
'
latter has not ac quired all th develo p ment com patible with e
4 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
cellule
Th proces s may be Observed I n it s most elementary fo r m
.
e
in the alg and the diatomace e said to be conj ugated
ae a ,
.
ro ra on a a .
by it .
E q i r r it i l m pad d
t, uas c u so e s , v
'
a a a tra unt .
( L uc retius , II .
the female cochi eal fi ll s her s elf with egg s to s uch a degre
n e
that she die s i con s e q uence and the tegument of her
n ,
forces called natural are uncon s ciou s that their b lind action
results however i th world of life i choice a s electio
, ,
n e ,
n a ,
n,
TH E E VOL U TI ON OF MA R R I A G E
the specie s was necessarily before anyt h ing else the obj ect , ,
s an , ,
ec e n
a,
d ét
’
or ra zson re .
that sexual love and s ex ual selection have exerci sed s ince
the s e par tion fthe sexes ? Th influence f all the other
a O e o
III . R at a n d L ove .
1
'
A n t/tropoge m a, p 5 7 7 . .
8 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
o , ,
over excited and r ise above their o rdinary level ; but they
-
S or .
can no lon ger end ure solitude ; bot h males and females
seek each ot h er ; sometimes even they are seen to fo r m , ,
Spallan ani was able to am putate the thi ghs f male fr ogs
z O
their work .
o e -
. no
man in his quality of mammal is subject to the common
, ,
no r family .
c lu i
s on that s he should intoxicate individual s with love and ,
. o
a o
we shall also see later that there exists b oth in the animal
and the some relation between the manner in which
t h an
once for all w i h the abstract and t r ite th eo r ies which have
t
sociology .
perha ps truer with anim ls than with man and i s all the a ,
ever sh ort may be their sex ual ca r eer one fact has been ,
co q y
u t
e r With. the gr eater number f s p ecies that are o
sligh tly intelligent the female refuses at fi r st to yield to
,
sleepin g fac ulties H oweve r b r ief for exam ple may be the
.
, ,
life of butterflies thei r pai rin g is not accom plished wit h out
,
a a o a e
. e
dis pute with eac h other for the female s and mu s t t r iumph ,
AND OF TH E FA M I L Y . 1 1
a ,
the A l t ll t
n a zs a fi ili gu l saurian have terrible
'
c rz s e
'
a a s, ss n a ,
D arwin D
1
fM p 3 6 5 es c en t o an ,
B r tram T
.
g/ C lm
,
2
l / a p 8 , ra v e s t t ro u z a ro a, . 12
1 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
In thi little picture the author has noted all the strikin g
s
, , ,
2
I bz a v o l ii p 6 6
’ ’
. . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 3
males .
ns o ,
( C t/a t j t ) vultures
za r es etc T
o ah male,
f the red wing , . e o -
s truts about before his female s wee ping the ground with ,
hi s tail and actin g the dandy T h cre s ted d uck rai s e s his .
4
e
head gracefully s traighten s hi s s ilky aigrette bows to his
, ,
or
colour the C p t l ,
t m and the P fi
ross o
'
z on a nrz n
’ ’
as z a n ns
zc z
'
,
being a pparently con so ,
7 ~
1
Da rw
in , D esc en t of M a n , p .
3 99 .
2
I oz a p 403
'
’
. . .
3
E s pinas , S oc iete‘
'
6
’
s A n z m a les , p.
3 2 .
4
Audubo n , loc c z t , v o l i p .
'
. . . .
3 5
0 .
5
I bza v o l
’
’
.
p 50 . II . . .
6
rw
Da in , D esc ent of M a n , p .
4 38 .
7
Mid p 4 38. . .
1 4 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
za o o
’
of M y a .
1
e t ,
orn zs z n orn a a, s
se ual delicacy
x .
. .
9
I bzcl pp 4 1 8 , 4 5 3
'
t a
. . .
0
1 877 '
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
5
to their object .
tion larger stron ger and bette r armed than the female
, , , .
ac a
rare .
rz n r a
’
1
E s pinas , loc c z t , p p 2 99 , 4 3 8
'
. . . .
rw
D a in , D esc en t of M a n , p 4 60 . .
1 6 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A RR I A GE
) p ,
2
Da rw
in , D esc en t of M an , pp 5 50 , 5 5 6 . .
A N D OF TH E F A M JL Y .
7
z ens,
N ow a s p rocreation constitute s
,
of the great necessities o ne
n , ,
reproduction
P t q ni m g mn im t m er e uo a e n us o e an an u
Co nCIpI tur, q
V I S I t ue e xo rtum lum Ine so li
s .
”
fe male whatever all are alike to him This is the rule but .
,
it is not without exce ption s thu the male phea s ant show s s,
a s ingular aversion to certain hen s A mo gs t the long . n
D arwin D
1
t fM 6 d 2
’
pp 4 6 ,4 I b
esc en p 45 7
o an , . 0, 1 . z . . .
2
TH E E VOL UTI O N OF MA E R JA GE
to b ulls .
2
dividual fancy into s exual love They are subj ect to sin gular .
under foot thei r di gnity hono ur and all care for nobility , ,
T h phenomeno
e of re prod uction when detached from
n ,
1
rw
D a in, D esc ent f
o M a n p 57 . . I b a pp 4 5 8 , 4 5 9
l
’
'
. . .
2
l od p 5 76 I oz p 5 7 4
r . .
a . . .
1m p 5 7 6
a
3 . . . [on] p 2 34
. . .
A N D OF TH E F A M JE Y
. 1 9
MA RR I G E A AN D TH E F M I LY
A AM ON T N I M L
GS A A S .
r t
D iffe e n roles o f the m e an d th e fe m a e in the n im al l a al f m ily
a .
Afa m
'
m ll o
g ar d th i
usc sr gg
— S l iuit d f pid r f h ir gg d
e e s o c u e o s e s or t e e s an
a tr l f rm —Th f m il i l in ti t am g t bi d —Fr q y f
n c es a o s e a a s nc on s r s e ue nc o
m n gam y am ng t bir d
o o o s s .
I II Tb f m ily m g im l —I t x i t i
e a f gg l yi g w ith
a on st a n a s n o ca on o e -
a n
s fp t r l l se i ce o a e na o ve n ce a n s e a a ns nc
th y e —
g Pr m i ity p l yg m y
o un d m n g my am
o g m a m m al
sc u o a an o o a on s
—H r d f i bl im l —P l yg m k y —M g m
, ,
o es o m
s oc a e an a s o a o us on e s o no a o us
m nk y —G n r l b r at i
o e s e e a o se v o n s.
I Tb P ti f Sp i . c reserv a on o ec es.
two egg s but early all their young attai matu r ity In
,
n n .
ci ilised
v .
ince s t .
alities .
is natural for the eggs have been formed in her body ; she
,
her trapped nest with her young numbe r ing from twenty to ,
forty .
1
th l rv
e a f the termite s a ss i s t th latter to get rid of their
ae o e
functio n 1
.
the maternal fervour of its anterior s tate the win ged form ,
o
o f rearing the you g Thi s is their con s tant occu pationn .
, ,
p r efe r ence for any s p ecial methods and that in her eyes all ,
mucous exuding from his mouth and watche s over the youn g ,
of small fi h s es .
2
1
D rwi D a
f
n,A l p 375 es c en t o an ,
L t t C mp
. .
2
8 78 ef
’
I A d mi d S i
’ ’
or e , o tes renaus a e ca e es c en c es . 1 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2
5
C il o u
ra n lp ) O fte
a r s again it i s the male who
nze o s . n
undertake s all the w ork T hu s the male of the G t t u . as eros e s
young .
2
toad the P ip A m i
,
after havi g aided the female in
a er c a n a, n
the Operation of layi g the eggs places them on the back of n ,
Th C b p /
el b ravely defend s
o ra it s eggs T h
ca e a . e
amon gs t men ; the need s the habitat and the neces s ities , ,
1
r
D a w in , D es c en t f M an ,
o
p 37 9
. .
3
E s pinas , S oc A n im ales , p 4 1 5 . .
2 4
I oz d p 2 44
’
. . . Joz a pp 4 1 6 , 4 1 7
. . .
26 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
at pre s ent for they leave the troo p and r etire a part in
,
s ome to them .
e a c e , ,
the father and the mother feast their own young and the on ,
with them .
1
H o uz e au, F ac me n ta les des an im aux, t 11 p 3 80
. . . . .
2
Di [z uit a n s c fi ez les sa uv ages , e tc , p 3 74
x -
. . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L y: 27
fi delity .
live in cou ples and remain attached to each other for year s
,
Th death of
e s ay s Brehm i s fatal to its com panion
o n e, , .
a , o
1 3
E s inas, S oc a n im . ,
p 427 Audubo n , loc c it. v o l. i p 83
p
t
. . . .
. .
, ,
2 4
I bzcl p 42 1 b
I d 1 9 13 2
92
. . . i .
p . . .
28 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
: O
sight for s he swa m about the new comer ca re s sin gly though
,
-
,
a lthough les s com plicated than our own does not di ffer ,
D arwin D
2
1
t fM
, pp 44 6
esc en44 9 o I b
an ,id p 45 5 .
, . . . .
A ND OF TH E FA MI L Y . 29
a e
g m t enD ante.has already made thi s la s t re fl ection i n
hi s celebrated line
Am r h ll am t am ar p rd ao c
’
a nu
’
a o e on .
T q o u t D ante a p p
o e f the illicit amour s f a pintail
ro os o o
and a wild duck may shock the learned but the a ptness f
,
, o
hou s e i habited b y
n f my friends wa s p owerles s to
o ne o ,
o f incubation .
( A udubon ) M al turkey
. s do much wor s e they
e Often :
young one s for greater secu r ity and th us form t r oops of from ,
1
E spinas, S oc A n im ales, p 42 2 . . .
2
Audubo n, S c enes de la N at ure, t I er p 29
t
. . . .
8
i
3 ’
E spinas , loc c it pp 42 1 -4 2 3 Ib a 11 p 1 99
t t
. . . . . . . . .
4 9 ’
Audubo n , loc ec t I bz a p 47 6
,
1 9 1 p 2 09 11
t t ii
. . . . . . .
. . . .
5 1°
I bid if. p 1 3 I bid p 7 0
t I
. . . . . . . . .
11
I bid er
p 3 47
o
t
. . . .
7 1M I er p 1 6 7
. . . .
12
Audubo n, S c enes de la Nat ure , 1 . 1 er .
p. 1
3 7 .
AN D OF TH E FA MI L Y .
3 1
g u i
s h d when
e the young can manage for them s elves It i s .
e a a e a
huma race s of l w develo pment But before s peaking f
n o .
, o
man it will be well to invest gat conjugal union and th
, i e e
family amongst the animal s neare s t t man — the mammal s o .
the mammal s are far fro m occupying the first rank in the
animal hierarchy ; many b irds are very Superior t them o .
t the s pecies
o M any mammal s have s to pped at the mo s t
.
T h ruminants f
e exam ple do this Certain ca r nivo r ous
,
or ,
.
animals ill furnished with teeth and claws dogs also and
-
—
, , ,
D arwi D fM p 38 1
n, esc en t o an , 2
E pi a S
. .
A im l p 4 4 8 2
s n s, oc . n a es , . .
3
Da rwi n, D es c en t o f M an , p . 2 38 .
A ND OF TH E F AM I L Y .
33
Sometime s specie s that very nearly allied hav di ffe r ent are e
conjugal cu s tom s ; thu s th white cheeked pecc ry live s in e -
a
troops whil s t the white ringed peccary live s in couple s
,
- ?
Som e p olygamou
are s and other s monogamou s T h . e
wanderoo ( M u il u ) f Indi ha s only a c ac s s femaleen s o a o ne ,
1
D arwm , D esc en t of M an , p 44 3 . .
2
E s pin as , loc c it
p 44 3
t
. . . .
3
H o uz eau, F ac ultes m en tales o es a n z m aux,
'
'
. 11 .
p 39 4
. .
5
rw
D a in , D esc ent of M an , p 2 38 . .
E spinas , loc c it p 4 5 3 . . . .
34 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR RI A G E
a . e e ,
no
between o ne
a nimal s Th female early alway s weaker than the mal
. e , n e,
could t reduc number of them to s exual s ervitude
no e a ,
monogami s ts .
P R OM I S C U I T Y .
t at — n t a an k
.
th r
e su e
p i r r b r o I t h
ve b ex p i l i
es m i d as ee e ce on n n
—
.
II C f H m
as es o P m i u i ty Pur m i ani t y a m n
rog th T g l
sc . o sc u o e ro o
th an i nt Arab
.
dyt e s, e th Ag thy
c e th A th
s, G e m a rse s , e nse s , e ara an tes,
Z p a o ro
g d h A n a
s , anr i n In tff i ne f h s p r a f s su i c e ce o t ese o o s.
I II H im m — j p im i — R l i i h ta r i m at B b l n
’
eta us noc t s o us i
—
r e e
s g y e s a o
i A m n ia—R l igi —
. .
,
n r e p r t i t i e R l i g i o us d fl i osTh j tu on e o us e o rat o n e us
p im
r eri w ith
: n oc t s h N m i h B l
t a r i
e I l as ai a i t
o ns, n t e a e c s es, n nc e n
P r e i A i
u, n — Th r igh t f th e hi f w ith th e K fli
s a, e tc e i N w o c e a rs , n e
i C h in Ch i a i f da l E r p —Th
.
Z la d i N w M xi
ea n n e e c o, n oc -
n n eu u o e e
o e o us e o e o us e o rat o n n o a e
r a n f h right f pr l ib ti —Th j p im
e so o t e o ti e nf d d
a on e us r e noc s co o un e
A tral ia P ly
us ia Am ri o Mal aya Aby inia t —Th i
nes e c a, ss e c e
’
n a ota ta
R m —L an
, , , ,
.
i prim iti
n ve d bart r f w m n i Am ri a
o e o an d l e e o o e n e c an e s
wh r e e, d a m ng h an i nt A bs —A t l pr m i
an o t e ity h
c e b ra c ua o sc u as een
rar i h manity
e n u .
, .
g m
a it A a matter f fact the ve r tebrates with whom
s s . s o ,
g amo s but n as a
,
rule they ,
cannot endure p romi s cuity ,
.
i our w day
n But we are warranted in believing that
o n .
n e e e n
II S m C f H um P m i uity
. o e ases o an ro sc .
“
Throu ghout the Troglodyte country relate s Strabo ”
, ,
“
the peopl lead omad life E ach tribe ha s it s chief
e a n .
,
who is always the elde s t of the family They h ave only one .
wife between them all d h who can fore s tall the othe rs , an e
enter s her apartme t th fi rs t and enjoy s her fter havingn e , , a
take the precaution of placing hi s sta ff cross the door ( it i s
n a
the cu s tom for every man to carry s taff) Sh ever spend s a . e n
the night with any but the elde s t the chief Thi s promi s , .
H r d t B k i p 1
7 e o o us , oo xv . . 1 .
4o TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
in love with her and who for thi s reason t ook turn s in
, , ,
door the staff similar to that of the brother who had just
quitted her then replaced it s hortly after by another
, ,
“
Th Ag thye ( Scythian
a s ) s
rsesays H erodotus
”
, ,
are
they may feel neither hatred nor envy a gainst each othe r .
” 2
( Scythian s ) E ach,
man mar
“
rie s a wife bu t they use t h em ,
assim c um jé m in is ?
’
exsortes, p aegun t
( Ireland ) the m,
hav“
pu b lic commerce with all kind
en s f e o
most fre q uently used to s upport the preten s ion that huma n
s ocietie s have begu with promi s cuity ; they are at once the
n
mo s t ancient most authentic and mo s t explicit We may
, ,
.
H r d t
1
i 4
e o Pl i y
o us, 8 v. 10 3 n v.
S trab i 4
. .
,
M id i
2
8 . v. 1 0 .
4
o, v . .
5
Va rr o, Apurl A ugust . . ae
’
C iv it D ei
. . x v iii. 9 .
42 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
P t h ll
ro o eof V arro Thi s last in s tance certainly relate s
e n es .
on the earth ; a s are the cow s so are the women each one ,
1 l i t iii p 38 8
'
G g O ig o uet, r aes o s,
Q t d by G ir d T l
. . . . .
2
uo O g d l F m ill p 66
e au e u o n, ri . e a a e, . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
43
Th indigenou s Indian s
e f C alifornia who among o , are
2
I bia v o l v p 4 5
’
. . . . .
Ba c o ft, N ativ e R ac es of P ac ifi c , v o l i p 3 5 2
ak
. . . .
5 W e, E v olution of M orality , v ol i p 1 1 0 . . . .
. .
44 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
said to practi s e not promi s cuity pure and sim ple civil
, , or
o i re o s o .
n a
e,
at the conclu s ion of which they unite in the darkne s s with
o ut heed a s to adultery ince s t Throughout the Syrian or .
common .
monogamou s .
1
V l y Sy i
o ne h iii r a, c
t pp 8 7 89
.
, .
M y x L B ld i D
’
2
a eu , A b
es ou ns on ro es o u esert . 1 9 13 . 1 , 1 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y: 45
I II . H etai ris m .
—
j p
us rim w noc tis .
all time s and places pa s sed thro ugh neces s ary s tag of ,
a e
,
or
.
, , e
“
Th most di s g r aceful
e f th Babylonian custom s is the o e
time however great a sum y u may give her you will not
, o ,
A fter having read this pas s age we are sur pri s ed at the ,
e ra e .
,
n sen s,
. o
mo rality R eli giou s p r o s tit ution which was widely spr ead
.
,
given .
o u w
r o times among s everal ab original tri b e s of Indi ;
n a
i
n Burmah in Cashmere in the s outh of Ara b ia in
, , ,
o n th part f th bridegroom
e o e .
Th s ei gnorial ju p im
e ti th ri ght f th lord i s s r e n oc s, e o e ,
t é
a oo for th vulgar and had to b fi rst re s erved for the
e , e
c hief I N w M exico with the T ahou s a s C t fi d
.
5
n e , , as a e a
i form s u s it i s nece ss ary after havi g purcha s ed the gi rl
n , ,
n
from her p are t s to s ubmit her to the s eignorial right of
n ,
1
Abe l de R é m us at, N ouv mil As iati ues , p q 1 16
r t
. . . .
2
H e o do us, iv 1 7 2
ln
. .
if she doe s not please him he give s her enough from his ,
p olitan an a pp,
eal by a ce r tain p a r is h p rie s t w h p retended ,
o
p r ie s t condemne d to p y a fine a .
”
oo o on
1 B r ft N i R
an c o , l i p 5 84
at v e ac es , e tc .
, vo . . . .
2
M r P l E di i P p l i
a co o o, p 8 7 t on o u a re, 1
at
. .
3 L r ier h w r d C l C li
’
Gl t i F ua e ou u
'
au e, p ose c u g
a ro g t ra n a z s , t e o a e.
2 J am es r
F o be s, Orien tal M em oirs , vo l. i p 446 . . v o l. iv . 18 13 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
49
ri ght over the vanqui s hed even the right f life and death ,
o .
Th con q ueror
e in a ju s t war s ay s the s age of M eaux
,
“
,
”
,
co
1
A R m N . m t ] A i iq
'
e us at,t p 8 ou v . . s at ues, . 1 9 17 . 11 .
5 0 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
it s ancient rights .
befo r e marr iage a s they please and as it does not entail any ,
wives all the ri ghts of a propr ieto r ove r the thin g possessed .
1
r
E y e, D isc ov eries , v o l p 3 20 . II . . .
2
r r
P o te , H ist Un iv aes Voy , v o l x vi p 3 2 3
’
k t
. . . , . . .
3
C o o , F irst Voy ( H ist Un iv aes Voy ,
’
V p M o erenho ut,
t
. . . . . . .
’
Voy a ux iles o u G rand Oc ea n , 1 8 1 p 263
’
3
. . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M JL Y .
5 1
Th C hi uk girl s giv
e hir themselves ut a s they
no e or e o
p ayment ?
gro ss it i s im p ossible to
,
the trace s of an enforced s ee
s lighte s t .
B r ft N i R 1
t
anc o at v e ac es , e c
Wak E l i f M l y l i p 9
.
,
2
e, vo ut on o ora i t vo 21
G ir d T l n O ig d l F m ll p 8 3
. . . .
,
1
au eu o , r . e a a z e, . .
52 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
Pata gonia the loan f the wife is not only lawful but
, o ,
cha s ing the deer in distant regions wa s not exact in kee ping ,
the en ga gement ?
Th chiefs
e f the N utk Columbians barter their wives
o o a
among each other a s a sign f fr iendshi p Nothing would o .
5
1
Ar is tory of Green la nd, p 1 4 2
t xl
. .
2
R o ss , H ist Un iv aes Voy , p 1 58
'
t xx
. . . . . . .
r t ig
L ettres E t an tes , p 1 16 . . . .
Banc o f, ativ e R ac es , e tc , v o l i p 5 1 4
t x
. . . . .
r
Me a es , H ist Un iv aes Voy ,
’
. iii p 3 7 5
. . . . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
53
e re e
family and mo s t often a wif of the ho s t him s elf Th
,
e . e
young girl s alone were exempt from thi s s tra ge s ervic n e .
virtuou s s u bs titute .
4
an d t R om
a where the austere Cato the elder gave up his
e,
15
, , ,
friend .
B r k h ar dt H i t U i Vy t 8
’
1 uc xxxi I 0
p 3 s n v . a es o
R S m ith A i l p t
.
. .
, . .
,
2 ’
.
p 76 , ns u ,
e c. , . 2 .
2 uS O i t l p 97 ’
’
L A by i i
es l F mm
ss n en nes et es e es o oua a n r en a
P l t r h Ly
,
. .
4 u a c c ur us
g , .
5 Cato .
54 TH E E V OL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
ea s ily stood befo r e any cru ple s f decency which were still
s o
rare and weak .
. r , o ,
that human promi s cuity can only have been rare and
exceptional and that the theo r y f the comm unity f wive s
,
o o
no .
are s ome very s ing ular one s among them which d iffer
,
S O M E I N G L R FO R MS OF EX U L
S OCI TION
U A S A AS S A .
I P im i i
. Sr l Imm li y —
t ve O r igi f m d ty—Ab
exua f ora t n o o es se nc e o
ag —L
.
m d ty i
o esh n tf wi e i M la
s av i d am g h
e o an o v es n e n e s a an on t e
B h im
oc —Ab an sf m d ty i h E qim x th R d k i
s e nc e o d o es n t e s u au e e s n s , an
—R igh t f h h b d i P lyn i —L an
,
P lyo i n e s an s o bart r f
t e us an n o es a o or e o
i
n h t Am r
e tw oam ng A iati p pl d i Gr
e i c as , R m n o s c eo e s, an n ec o - o a
II S m S go F me f M i
tra n
g
— C r e f pr im iti
or s o a rr a e. o a se n ess o ve
a a e o o o nc es c a c ea e n c es a on v ar o us
p p eol — A r t if
esi i l d fl i — E x p r im t l m rr i g
c a m g h
e o rat o n e en a a a es a on t e
R d ki
e sh O mi ns , h S t h l
e h T r arto d i C yl
es , t e o nt a s, t e a t s, an n e on
T m p r ry m rri g
e o a m g h J w a fM r a d h T py
es a on t e e s o o oc c o an t e a res
F re e i —P r i l m rri g
un o ns d m r i g
a f a t r m am
t a g h a a es an a ra es or e on t e
Ar b aM rri g s d h igh t f h
a a r g ti a g
e an tr i
t e r o t e s t on es n s v a e c o un es
S agav ar e co d i il i d d pr i y
s e ne s s an c v se e av t .
—
e
1
Ev olution de la M orale
’
L ,
TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE .
57
n id o e o ns er,
It is t indecency ; it i s s imply
no im l ab s enc f an
'
an a e o
the d uration of the s pecie s but which a long ance s tral and ,
I Ta s mania it w
n thought honour f women to
as an or
Wak
1
l i p 77 e, v o . Id. l 1
p 7
. .
2
. vo . . . 1 .
5 8 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R RI A G E
The w omen we r e
les s bestial than their males They not .
the pr o perty f o o ne
tion and yet the most innocent acco r din g to the morality
,
3
,
o f the country .
1
H Sp r S i l g l II p 3
. enc e ,
Wk l i p 5
oc o o , vo . . . 21 .
2
a e, v o . . . 20 .
3 r l
G i aud Teu o n , Orig de la F am ille, p 6 8 . . .
4 rr
P a y ( Tb ird Voyage) , H ist Un iv des Voyages , t . . . xl .
p 5
4 6
. .
5 r l
G i aud Teu o n , loc c it , p 9 6 . . . .
6
l l
E ie R ec us, L es P rim itijf
s , p 70 . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
59
being s een in it .
1
El ie l
R e c us , L es P rim itifs , p 80 . .
2
r r
C a v e , Travels in N ort/t A m eric a, p 2 45 . .
2 De Va i n
r
g y, Q uatorz e a n s a ux iles S a n dw ic /z , p 1 5 9
Wa is , H is t Un iv des Voy , — t x t
. .
4
ll v iii
p
.
3 6 4 E d . . . . . . w rd a s, ibid . .
x iii p 4 2 6
rt r t —
. . .
5
P o e , II is t Un iv des Voy , xv i p 2 3 2
t t
. . . . . . .
6 M a c an d
,
rh
ibid xv
p 4o 6 M o erenh o ut,
. Voy . . . . . a ux iles, .
1 91 5
p 3 3
. 1 .
60 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
and this was almo s t the only strict rule of mo ral s exi s ting ;
but the husbands trafficked in their wives witho ut scru ple .
T w a say s Porter wa s
e e,
”
f t h e handsome s t men of ,
o ne o
lovers .
5
2 i p 3
Id l i oc c t xv 3 2 xx 21
W k E l i f M li y l i p 7 9
. . . . . . . . . .
.
, .
,
4 e, vo ut on o o ra t vo
a
t ii p 5 6
. . .
, .
5
M h
o e re n Vy il o ut, o . a ux es , e tc . . . . .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 61
which i s the s ame eve with th women ; for the s peo ple n e e
think and t l k f othing b ut s en s ual plea s ure d speak
a o n ,
an
decreed .
M h Vy 1
il t t
o e re n p 6 o ut, o a ux es , e c 191 20
C k II i
3
U i d Vy t
. .
.
, .
.
2
oo p 68 s t. n v es o v 2
it t
, . .
, . . . ,
M h l 5
p 9
o ere n o ut, oc . c .
, . 1 9 1? . 22 .
62 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M ARR I A G E
t —
. .
- Ma io
2
M o erenh o ut, Vo y a ux iles e tc ii p 1 6 7 H ist
t
.
, , . , . . . . . .
a e , E volution of M orale/y, v o l i p 2 4 1
3 . . . .
4
hl
Pe sc e , R a c es of M an , p 408 . .
A N D OF TH E FA M I L Y . 63
ea rly repr oved and re pre ss ed It i s all the more s ing ular .
p roject f abductio
o It would be con s idered the greate s t
n .
B r kh ardt H i
1
u c U i d V y t xxx ii p 5 5 , s t. n v. es o .
, . . . 1 .
64 TH E E Voz UTI ON OF M A 181?l GE
rank and all other res pects to the family f the child they o ,
, ,
ext r eme .
II S m S t g F m f M i g
. o e ra n e or s o arr a e .
S tr b x 1
a o, . 21.
AND O F TH E F A M I L Y . 65
Th yo un g p eople
e their part have ha r dly any ,
on ,
e s n s,
1
, or .
p r evails B u
. t p r imitive m orals exi s ting before the forma ,
1
Dém i E p i d D ifé
e un e r, P pl t p 53 s r t es rent s eu es , 191 1
U i d V y t xxx p 9 4
3
. .
2
Hi st . n v . es o .
, . . . .
3
H . S pen c e r , S oc iology, vol . ii p. . 2 1 8.
66 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
da ugh ter E sc a
6
the ca r e to o ,
or
1
L angs do rff, Voyages , t p 64 . II . . .
2
H ebe , q r
uo te d by H S pe n c e , S oc iology, v o l p 48
2 . r . II . . .
A H o v e lac q ue , L A v es ta , pp 4 6 5 , 4 66
’
5 . . .
7
5 D é m e un ie r, t 1 9 13
pp 4 6 5 , 4 6 6 . I bid p 1 6 6 . . . . .
AND OF TH E FA M JL Y . 67
them .
3
or
mo her t 8
1
No e l
B ull de la S oc de Géog , P a is , 1 8 4 3 r
n t ar a rt gh s
.
, . . .
2
ll
C o ec tio R am usio , 191 ib o di O do a do B bo s , po l r r o e e
t
3
. .
5 '
4
D e m e un ie r, 1 9 1
p 1 55 I bid .
3
. . .
5
Tbe P eople of I n dia , v o l i p 2
k
. . . .
5
Trav els t/t roug/z t/t e R uss ian E mp ire a n d To rta7y , by D
7
.
J C oo
.
,
v ol i . . D av y, Cey lo n , p . 2 86 .
5
D r D e c ugis , B ull de la S oc de Geog , P a is
. . . r .
68 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF AI A R R I A G E
, or
, , an
o a- v ans, , ro
v id d t h e r e are no child r en ; those
e f the H ottentots ; 2
o 3
o o
p leases .
5
impo r ted late r into Pe r sia where it exists in our own day ,
.
S tr b l 1
p 5 4 a o, vo 11 1
U i d Vy t
. . . .
P r Hi 2
o te r, i p 3 3 st n v es o xv 2
ibid t
. . . . .
. . ,
L ill 3 i p
ev a 64 an t, . xx . . 1 .
r
.
4
B uc e , Tra v els , v o l ix p 1 8 7 ; vol 1
. . . . v.
p . .
5
l
A us an d, Jan 1 86 7 , p 1 1 4. .
AND OF TH E F A N /z Y . 69
inter fere ?
T h partial marriage
e f the H i y h Arabs i s there o as s n e
into at least bet w een the hus b and and the relatives f the o
defend it .
l II p 3 ( q t d by R S m i h i K i / p
1
I b B il
n at ta , vo . . . d2 0 uo e . t n ns u an
[M
a rria ge in E a rly A rabia ) .
76 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
When a T k i says H ooper desires the wife f os ,
”
,
“
o
all t h e tribes .
” 1
r ival s ?
p art the ,
female for whom they a r e co m p etin g is so little
1
H e a n e , A journ ey from P r in c e of Wa les F ort, p 1 04
r
r kl
.
2
F an in , jo urney to tire S /z ores of tbe P ola r S ea , v o l v iii p 4 3
har
. . . .
2 ds o n , B oat journey, v o l ii p 2 1
R ic . . . .
4
rw
D a in , D esc en t of M an , p 6 1 4 . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
7 1
p rimi ive tman does not m uch di ffer from that f anth r o p oid o
with the moral retrog r ession of the civilised man str uck
with dec y a .
for there are vital force s within him which are fr esh and
intact Th primitive man is still youn g and h e p ossesses
. e ,
of decrepid old g a e .
C H A P TE R V
P O LY A ND R Y .
—P l o r
yan d y h as n o t be e n g n ra l
e e
P olyan dry —E x a m p l e s
.
II E t/z n ograp/zy f
o of po y la nd ry G re at
—
t—Th
.
pol y dr an o us c en tr es —The po ly
f h an dry o f Thibe e p l ya dry
o n o t e
N ir a s.
II I P o ly an dy i r A i A bin —I a —In fa ti id i
n c en t ra a ts c uses n c e n
r bia—Th l g d fC a h i f i id —E l ti n fp l y dry i
. .
A a e e en o l s, t e n an t c e vo u o o o an n
A r bia—M t m rr i g —B l m rr i g
’ ’
a o a a a e a a a a e.
IV . P olya n dy i G
r l —M atr iar h l p l yandry
n ene ra d pa r i r h l c a o an t a c a
l nr
.
po ya d y .
. r
sim ply habits incarnate in u b rain o r instincts a r tificially o r ,
present day .
A mong the le pido ptera for exam ple nine h und r ed and , ,
10 4 5 in F r ance
,
in R ussia at P h iladelphia
In ce r tain ethnic social catego r ies t h e p or ro
p ortion f m asculine
o bi r ths notably a u g ments It r ises .
1
Da rwi n, D es c en t j M an
a , p . 278 .
AND OF TH E F A A/[L R 75
and six times in anothe r that the female births have been ,
t u
an eo oscillations in t h e proportion f th sexe s s ti ll
s o e
escapes u s We verify it only and w are warranted in
.
, e
concluding that the production f sex in the embryo o
a t th d f a civil w
e en there were s even women to
o ar, o ne
1 A B r ill n e t D rwin D o fM p 7
2
I d ibid a es een t o an , 2 0. 2
t
.
. .
, . .
,
4
8
’
H F l m l d im
°
o f male bi r ths .
Ben gal where in many villages M acphe r son did not see a
,
. e i o ,
n ec e ss
t t d by a savage
a e ba r barous life has often given an or ,
1
D arw i D f M n, p I
esc en t o d ibid p 8 o u,
2
.
, . . 2 2
3 l
D a to n , E t/z n B engal, p . . 289
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
77
mo r e than three ?
D ph l
O f Bengal are still p olyandrous
as o A mong the ?
a ll t h siste r s of th wife
e Th fi r st child born of these e . e
1
D e bello Ga llic o, v p 1 4
rth l t
. . .
e o , M em
2
Be S oc E tbn , pp 1 2 1 , 1 2 5 , 1 55 , 1 86, 2 1 0
t
. . . . .
4
D a o n , loc c it , pp 3 3 -3 6. . . .
5
S c h o rtt, Tra ns E tlz n o S oc ( Ne w S e ie s ) ,
. . . r vo l. v iii.
p . 2 40 .
7 8 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
H avin g asked one of these women says the travelle r ”
o l‘ ’
,
’
n
sacrilege ?
kind of polyand ry .
M habh 1
tr d F h t p 48
a arata , a . auc e, . 11 . . 1 .
2
H is t Un iv des Voy , v ol xxx i 8
pp 4 5‘ 4
- 68
—O
. . . . . . .
3
D av y, Ceylon , p S ac h o t, L tle de Ceylo n , p
’
. 28 6 . . . 25 .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
79
n , a
younger brother s Th pre ss ure on them i s chie fl y . e
economic When the eldest s on ma rrie s the prope r ty i s
.
,
g m
a u ones Some Thibetans living thu s in conj ugal
o s .
,
1
Tu r r Thib t p
ne , e , .
3 48 , and H is t . Un iv . des . Voy .
, vo l . xxx i
.
P 4 34
2
M r r ft dT b ec k s
'
Trav els , v o l i p 3 20
’
oo c o an re
R u l t
. . . .
3
E th g raph ic de
’
o s se e , no l H im a ’aya oc c iden tal, in R ev ue
’
d an th p 8 78
ro .
, 1 .
4
Tur r H i t U i
ne s n v des Voy vo l xxxi
, . . .
, . .
p 4 34 . .
80 TH E E V O L U TI O N OF M AR R I A GE
w e dlock ?
M alabar .
five day s the new h usband was obliged to quit the house
o f the wife fo r eve r O the cont ra r y the yo un g b r ide
. n ,
re
p p ared for ma rr ia g e the youn g N a r g i r l mi gh t take for i
,
x
Maj r R
1
Ki g j
o f
o ssA nh p , p 3
ourn . o nt ro . . 2 .
AN D OF TH E 1
the caste were the only one s re puted cul pable they consti
t ut d a s ort f social adultery
e T h conju gal prero gatives
o . e
of the husbands were not unaccom panied by certain d uties .
f the house and the wife s door hi s shield and his s word ’
o on
or knife .
his father and every man ha s for heirs the child r en of his
,
1
l l
E ie R e c us , L es P rim itifs , p 1 9 1
l n
. .
2
H am i to , A c c o un t of th e E a s t I ndies , v o l i p 30 8 . . . .
3
r
F o be s , Orien ta l M em oirs , v o l i p 3 8 5 . . . .
4
L ettres E difi a n tes , v o l p 2 2 x
r n
. . . .
5
h
R o be ts o S m it , R in s t , e tc , p 3 1 3
'
. . .
82 TH E E V OL U TI ON OF M A R R IA G E
T hib t e an
p olyand r y while leavin g undecided
,
the p ate r nal
fi li ti a of the child r en ass ures them a sort f collective
on ,
o
, ,
III P ly d y i A i t A bi . o an r n n c en ra a .
1
2
Buc h an an , [o urn ey, vo l p 4 1 1 , e tc . II . . .
1 88 5 .
AN D OF TH E F A IWIL Y . 83
time the nomads f A abia suffer con s tantly from hun ger o r
i gno rance kill their child r en shall p eri sh Kill not your ?
which act ually consi s ted in burying them alive T his was .
aI s
1
[( in s t a nd Ma rriage in E arly A ra bia , p 283
'
rt
. . .
2
S o u a e, v i p . . 141 .
4
Ib d
i . x iiv .
p 33 . .
3
I bid 1 5 2 5
I bz d lxxx 1 pp 8 - 1 4
.
th
. . . . . .
3
R Smi K in s h ip, p 282
’
.
, . .
84 TH E E V OL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
a s as
p g
,
led away the girl ; I dug a grave and I made her lie do w n
in it S h e c r ied F athe r what do you intend to do w ith
.
,
‘
,
men m ust ass uredly have profoundly dist urbed the numerical
,
o tr .
p r esent d y i A rabia
a the father cannot
n give his da u ghter
,
t
o another if the son f h is b r other demands her d th o ,
an e
4
5
I d , ibid pp 1 3 1 -1 3 4
. . . . I a , ibid p
. . . 1 37 .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 85
T h ib t p olyandry
e an that Strabo s p eaks H thi s fr aternal . as
home ; her tribe pr ese r ves the r i ghts it ha s over her and ,
once more fr ee ?
sho uld last for three nights after which they may s e parat ,
e
1
S m it K in sh ip ,
R . h , e tc .
, p p 6 9 . , 1 4 1 -1 4 3 .
2
Id , . ibid v o l xiv p 4
. . . . .
3
Id .
, ibid p 6 7
. . .
86 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
M uss ulman h a r em
It w a per s onal cont ract in which
. as ,
her pa r ent s did not inte r fe r e and wh ich did not degra de ,
the sign s by which a man co uld recognise his own offs pri g n
?
conj ugal union as havin g been gene ral Still it has become .
1
R . S m it h , R ins t
’
,
e tc .
, pp . 1 4 1 1 43
-
.
2
I d , ibid p
. . . 1 43 .
AND OF TH E F A M TL Y . 87
woman captured
, bought is almost enti r ely u prooted ;
or ,
fathe r hood .
T his pp ea r s to be t r ue f
a ancient Arabia only In all or .
W s h o uld be e q
e ually mistaken if w a dmitte d p i i e a r or
88 TI /E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E .
, ,
p i t
r e o rs hip
, w can
e sca r cely conceive even f t h e p ossibility o
the animal .
R S m ith [fi / ip
1
.
p 84,
ns z , e tc .
, . 2 .
C H AP TER VI .
RR I G E C TURE MA A BY AP .
I R p R p
a e, d m arr i g —R ap i Ta m an ia A tra l ia N
- a e an a e e n s , us , ew
A fri a Am ri a a m g h Tartar
.
G i
u ne a, c h Hi d
e c h on t e s, t e n o o s, t e
d h C lt —
, ,
H br w
e e s , an Th r p f
t e b in i an i t G r
e s e a e o c o nc u es n c en eec e .
II M i g by C p
arr a e —Th r m i l f apt r i m rri g
a ture . e ce e on a o c u e n a a e
t a n ana a
.
S ym b l i op r
c m c ag h E qi
um x e h I di of C d i
t e s u au
:
t e n ans o , n
G t m al a a m g h M g l
,
ua e h onb r igi fB g l i N
t e on o s, t e a o n es o en a n ew
l a d m g h Ar b h an i t G r k i an i nt R m i
, ,
Zea n a on t e a s, t e c en ee s, n c e o e, n
g h m d r C lt d i L i n ia
,
C ir i m
c as s a, a on t e o e n e s , an n vo
t
.
III S g ifi i i
fn h C m i l
c at o n f C p
— V
o i l xt e
g m y ere on a o a ture o en e o a
has b
no t i ee n un v e rs a a e an a a e u c se a t e
r m i l f pt r m
ce e on a o ca u e e an s .
I . R ap e .
practised all over the world that very often it has bee , n
conside r ed glorious and that in many count r ie s it ha s been ,
p r esence for s he
,
has become his ro
p p erty his domestic
animal Th captur ed woman gene rally resi gns he r self
?
e
witho ut di fficulty ; in tr ut h sh e has gene rally c h anged her
2
, , ,
She awakes and dares not cry ut they take her ff bind
,
o o ,
been familia r ised with the fate that awaits them fo r the ,
1
D a ily L ifeOrigin of the Tas m an ia ns , p 6 5
an d
t —
. .
2
D um o n d U rv ille , H ist Un iv des Voy , v o l v iii p
’
. . . . x . . 225 . O ld
l
fi e d, Tra n s E th n S oc v o l iii p 2 5 0
t r
. . . . . . .
3 ’
Ch am bers s journ a l, p 2 2 ( O c o be .
A ND OF TH E F A M JL y .
9 1
s ive rape s w hich force her to pas s from hand to hand and
, ,
which for him are moral ; but more fre quently to escape ,
an d p eace e s tablished re -
.
3
the a ffair .
5
a .
1
ll
C o in s, E nglislt Colony in N e w S out/t a les ,
p 362 W
W
. .
3 . r
G G ey, Trav els in N ortli - osterfl A ustra lia , v o l ii p . . . 2 49 .
3 ’
C/z a mbors s journ a l, 1 8 64 .
5
ll . . . .
9 2 T H E E VOL UTI ON OF M ARR I A G E
o .
2 ll
C am pb e , H ist Un iv aes Voy , v o l i p 343
. .
’
. . xx x . . .
4 F i z o y, Voy B eagle, v o l ii p 1 8 2
tr
. . . . .
5 Fi z o y, loo c it , v o l ii p 2 0 5
. . . . . .
3 M c L e n n an , loo c it , p 4 8 . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y? 93
eo
p p le s nearly everywhere T h T t s ays Barnes make . e ar ars, ,
T h Code
e f M anu also mentions thi s primitive mode
o
all the men acco rdin g to the Semitic custom and took
, ,
1
M c L e n nan , P rim itiv e M a rriage, p 7 1 L e wis and C l . .
- ark e, Trav els
to tire S o urc e of the M ssouri R iv er, v o l i p 2 3 1
'
. . . .
2
H ist Un iv aes Voy , v o l v ii p
’
xx I3 0.
k
. . . . . .
3
Code of M a m e, bo o iii p 33 . . .
4
Num be s , c h r i ve r 7 -9
. xxx . . .
6 ’
I bia v e r 40 -4 7
. . .
5
I bid v e r 1 5 -1 8
. . .
7 R S m it , K ins/ii},
. h e tc .
94 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF ATA R R I A G E
of
f by t h e Pict s fr om the G aels who finding themselves , ,
ma rr ia ge e ists the c ustom s and the laws tole r ate for a long
x ,
tu d s laves w h
re are treated by the master as conc ubines
, o
by the side of the legitimate wife or wives Th heroes of . e
H omer p r ofit largely by this le gal tole r ance and when ,
Cassand ra .
an d patent h as existed
,
e ists by th side f
c o ,
or c o x ,
e o
o f woman .
II M i g by C p tu . a rr a e a re .
glo r iou s to procu r e slaves for all sort s f labo urby force of o
by but the mind is s till hau ted by it and even in peace ful
,
n ,
the futu r e cou ple and nevertheless from the in fancy f the
, ,
o
of the s pectators .
” 3
2
E ge de , H is tory of Green la nd, p 1 4 3 . .
3
r r
C a v e , Tra v exs , p 3 7 4
’
t
. .
desires put him s elf at their service and take his part in
, ,
fall on the a s sailant with great c r ies and blows tear his ,
1
B r ft N i R
an c o l p 668 at v e a c es , e tc vo 11
K t b
. . .
, . .
2
(D
o ze ie V y g ) Hi
ue U i d Vy
eux p 39
/n e o a e , st . n v . es o .
, t xv u
. . . 2.
3 B e nio usk i, H is t Un iv des Voy , t . . . xxx i .
p 4 08. .
4
. ll
H de H e , Trav els in tfi e S teppes o
f t he C aspian S ea , p . 289 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L y: 97
tent .
1
b /
o a zs negotiate an arran gement with the parent s ; they
agree on t h e pr ice 1 the gi rl wh afterward s returns to the
0 ,
o
g uests also ,
horseback pur s ue the future wife wh by
on , , o,
cleve r t urns and evol utions hides herself and hinders them , ,
C l rk T 1
l t a l i p 43 3
e, ra v e s , e c vo
E rma
.
, . . . .
2
T l i S ibe i l ii p 3 7
n, ra ve s n r a, v o . . . 2 .
3
4
r r ’
F as e s jo urn ey , v o l ii pp 3 7 2 -3 7 5
”
. . . .
p i
an e d by hi s friend s goe s to the hou s e of hi s futu r e b ride ;
,
he there meet s the friend s f the latter and the two t ro upe s o ,
p y a th father the e
p rice of the girl .
2
e e n o
shreds and it s ometimes took hour s t drag h r hundred
,
o e a
yards .
4
D lt
1
E h B g l p 3 9
a o n, t n I d ibid p 86
. en a , . 1 .
1
.
, . .
3 Buc h an an ,
j ourney f rom M adras, v ol . 11. p . 1 78 .
4
Ea rl e, R es idenc e in N ew Z ealand, p . 2 44 .
A ND OF TH E E A M TE y .
99
f she w
or not s eriou s
as .
1
con ductin g his glo r ious ente r prise to a succes s ful end .
2
fut ure h us band is proclaimed A fter thi s the girl i s dre s sed .
fu ture w ife in her ret r eat and it is there that the mar r iage ,
i con s ummated
s A fter this the cou ple retur
. to the n
Y at N 1
Z l d p 96 e, ew ea a n
t p 68
.
, .
M h 2
Vy il d G
o e re n dO e
o ut, o a ux es a ra n c an , 11 .
B r k hardt N
. . . .
3
u l i p
c 63 , otes , v o . . . 2 .
1 00 TH E E V OL UT] ON OF M A R R I A G E
, ,
clothes laid her u pon a matt ress and left her in the da rk
, , .
The bride groom neither o ppr essed w ith wine nor enervated
,
with the other young men and ob s erved the same cond uct ,
repo s ing him s elf with them in the night nor even visiting ,
his bride but with great caution and apprehen s ions o f being
di s covered by the re s t o fthe family ; the b r ide at the sam e
time e xerted all her art to contrive convenient oppo rtunitie s
for thei r private meetings etc 3
,
”
.
1
Bur kh rdt N t
c l i p 1 7
a o es , v o 0
t 1 p 96
. . . .
,
1 E p it d D ifl t P upl
'
Dém u i e n e r, s r es eren s e es, .
91 5 . 2 .
3P l ut r h L if ofLy u gu
a c ,
e c r s.
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 01
hi wife
s .
4
common j i m g re o c s .
6
1
l
Apu eius, Golden A ss , iv P u c , R om ulus O vid, F astes, u 1 l tar h —
n —
. . .
3 L uc a , ii V ir E neid, iv
. .
4
L o uis M o se , r
Cauc as us and its P eople, p 3 1
W
. .
ak e , E volut io n
0 M orality, v o l 1 p 4 0 1
5 "
a k
. . . .
6
r
L o d K m es , S ketc lzes of the H ist of M an , bo o i , sec 6 . . . .
which the one asks and the othe r s refuse the bride o ffering ,
‘
III . S ign zjic a tio n o f tbe Cerem on ial of C ap ture .
M M L
r
. c and after him a great n umber f socio
e n n an, o
l gi t have concl uded that in s ava ge societies sexual union s
o s s,
or wit h out reason the Aust r alian fells to the ground his
,
1
q
L a Ville m ar ué , B arz as B reis .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 03
Dé m i p 9
3
e un e r, . 1 9 1“ . 1 1.
TH E E V OL U T] ON OF M A R R I A G E .
i m
n u a s similated to slaves and where the p t f m ili
an , ,
a er a as
MA RR I E AG BY P UR C H S E A AND BY S ERV I TU D E .
a e a on n e c on o o o e
o o e n c e on s e o -
c a,
P lyo i A m ri a
n es a, d In dia e c an
itud —L b ur al u —Marri ge
.
,
by se v e e e s s, n n e c a, n ,
th H br w —I fl u
e e f m arr i g by s r it ude n th
e s n nditi n f
enc e o a e e v o e co o o
th w m an
e o
III M i g by P u /
. arr a e rc z as e . e o s an a rs n
M al ia as d i Gr , R m a ant iq
an n ec o - o n o o
I . Tbe P o w er o f P a rents .
M arriage
by capture that is to s ay the cu s tom f ra p , , o e,
necessa r ily s upposes a pr ofo und disdain f th ravi sh ed or e
woman and the anti pathie s s ympathie s s he may feel It
,
or .
unlimited .
l g —
,
Willi m F iji d th F fi
1 l i p 56
’
a s, an e z ans , v o 1
P it h d P ly
. . . .
3 i R mi i t
r c ar , p 37o nes an e n sc enc es , e c . , . 1.
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 07
’
a . r n e
has s een among the s tribe s widower f twelve and e a o a
widow of ten year s .
5
D R ha N 1
eC led i p oc3 s, auv . a on e, 2 1
h ll H i U i d V y t xx i p 3 3
. .
1
B urc e st n v. es o v 0
U i d V y t xx iii p 4 3
.
, . .
, . . .
B wdi h H i 3
o c s t. n v. es o v 0
t ii p 6 7
, .
, . . . .
M 4
h t Vy ti
o ere n t ou o aux es , e c
t
.
, . .
, . . .
5
H m Amé i i o r
ne
p 4 r c a n, . 1 613 . 0.
1 08 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
that age .
4
1
Mar P l ( E diti n P p lair ) p 6
co o o o o u e , . 1.
2
S h T E b S ( N w S ri ) l vu
—
c o rtt, ra ns . p 94 t n oc e e es vo 1
t
, .
. . . . .
3
S Hi U i d
o nn e rat, Vy xxx i p 35st L E d yi t
n v. es o 0 ettres an es ,
t x p 3
. .
.
, . . .
2
P l tar h N m
. . . .
4
u d Iy g c mp
,
d u a an c ur us co are .
5
E de L av elaye , D e la P roprié/é, p 3 5.
. .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y 1 09
II . M arriage by S ervitude .
, e n
1
L fi ta
pp 5 5 7 5 6
tau, . L fi
rer. t r pp 5 5 7 56
.
- 0 .
3 a tau, . er. .
-
0 .
2
D o m e nec h , Voy pittores q
. ue, e tc .
, p 5 08
. .
1 10 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R RIA GE
s av ge or ba rbarous s ocieties
a .
[d , loc c it , v o l ii p 606
. . . . . . . 1d , i bid. v o l.
i p . . 1 04 .
3 3
Id ,
'
I d , ibid v o l 1 p 66 2
. . . . . . . ibi d v o l i p
. . . . 1 34
A N D OF TH E F AM I L Y . 1 1 1
1
L evaillant, H ist Un iv des Voy , x iv p 3 48 t x
t
. . . . . . .
2
r ll
Bu c he , H ist Un iv des Voy , xxv i p 48 6
t x
. . . . . . .
3
ll
C am pbe , H ist Un iv des Voy , xix p 3 6 3
t x
. . . . . . .
r h ll
Bu c e , ibid x v i p 48 6 . . . . .
t xx
. . . .
3
L ain g, H is t Un iv des Voy , . v iii p 3 1 . . . . . .
1 1 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF MARR I A GE
, ,
it for t h e fi r st time .
1
C la ppe rto n , S ec ond Voyage, v o l ii p 8 6 . . . .
2
L aing, H is t Un iv des Voy t . v iii p 7 1 . . xxx . . .
3 R .
J
L aude , fI zs t Un iv des
. r p
. xxx . . 2 44,
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 1 3
to her parents .
1
pig s .
2
in thi s case the pre s ents of pigs s t uffs pi geon s etc varied , , , .
,
When the daughter had been s old to a white man and then
abandoned a s fre quently happe ed the parents re s umed
,
n ,
D p 1
y s U i d V y t x iii p
u e rre 57 t n v es o v 1
t ii p 6
. . . . . .
, .
,
M 2
h Vy ti
o e re n o ut, o a ux es , e tc 2
C k ( Tb i d V y g ) H i
. . . . . .
3
oo U i d Vy t x p r 3 o a e st n v. es o 2 2
1 d ib d t x p
. .
, .
, . .
4
"3 i . . . . 2 2 .
to r ich ones and hence all the Opulent old men obtained
,
Th R edskin p arents do
e t always entirely abandon no
their marr ied daughter and if she i s too ill t reated by ,
-
her owner t h ey have the r i ght to take her back and then
, ,
B1
2
r ft N i R
an c of P ifi, l i p 6
a t ve
7 ac es o ac c , e tc .
, vo . . . 2 .
3
[d , ibid
. . vol .i p 3 49
. . . [d .
, ibid . v o l. i p 412
. . .
3
I d , ibid
. . vol 1.
pp 2. 6
7 349
- . .
3 3 i p 5 49
I d , ibid
. . v o l 1 p 3 49
. . . . [d , ibid
. . v o l. . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 1 5
n a
in savage countries 1
p re s ent .
3
With the M oxo s and the G uaranis the pr ice paid to the
p a r ent s is still the decisive rea s on f the mar r iage 4
H w o . o
eve r the G uaranis also exact from the husband pr oofs f
, o
vi r ile qualities in the c hase and in war Th s tr uggle for .
5
e
1
2
B r ft N ti R
an c o l i p 5 49
, a ve ac es , v o . . . .
I d , ibid v o l ii pp 6 6 6 , 66 7 3 I d , ibid
. . . . . . 11. p 66 7
x
. . . .
4
L ettres E difi a n t es , t p 2 02 . . . .
5
A d O rb igny, L b om m e A 7 ne‘
’ ’
ric ain , t p 30 7
—H u
11
t xxx
. . . . .
3
T im k o w sk i, H is t Un iv des Voy , . . . . ii p 3 32
. . . c ,
Trav els
in Tartary, v o l i pp 2 9 8 , 2 9 9 . . . .
1 1 6 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
2
Burn es , H is t Un iv des Voy , xxx p 2 70
v 1 1.
t x
. . . . . .
3
1 38 H uc , C/z inese E mpire, v o l.
‘
L ettres E dzy ian tes , . .
p . . 11.
p 255
t
.
Ch ina, p 7
’
4 ’ ’
Co m e d H e ris s o n , j ourna l d un in te rpréte on . .
3
H uc , C/z inese E mp ire, v o l ii p 2 5 6 . . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L y: 1 1 7
the B dk the L im b
en the Kirantis the M u d
ars, o o s, ,
o n as ,
as with the Nagas that marriage s are delayed and that the , ,
band and raising the wife ; and in fact amo g these race s , ,
n ,
leav to their very indu s triou s wive s the care of t h eir pro
e
D lt n D
1 aip i E th l g q
o fB g l p im es c r t ve no o ' en a as s
D lt n l
.
, ,
2 4
I d ibid p 9 .
, . . i p
1 9 0 . a o , oc . c t . . 1 2 .
3 I d , ibid p 4 1 3
I d , loc
. . . . . . c it. p 41
. .
5 I a , ibid p 9 1
e
. . . .
respect the Be rbers the Semites and the Ar yan s are not , ,
“
T h fathe r before the ma rr iage of his da ughte r exacts
e , ,
H ebrews
W h atever may h av been their religion the greater
.
e ,
r r
D uv ey ie , Touaregs du N ord, p 3 40
1
k
. .
2 Wa
e , E v olution of M ora lity , v o l ii p 6 8
rr n
. . . .
3 ll
S idi Kh e i , P rec is de jurispr uden c e m us ulm an e, t ad P e
’
r o
t
.
(q
u o e d b y E M e yn ie r) in E
.t udes s ur l I s la m is m e, pp 1 5 2 , 1 56
’
. .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 1 9
“
When they wish to s ignify that they are going to be
married say s an editor o f L ettres édfi antes in s peaking
,
z ,
law 5
1
lh t
E p in s o n e, P ic ture of tbc K ingdom of Cabul, v o l. i p 1 68
k
. . .
2
Code of M a n u, bo o v iii p 2 0 4
t
. . .
3 '
L ettres edifi a n tes , xiv p 3 8 2
r n
. . . .
4
M a s de , H is t of S um atra , p 2 6 2. . .
3
l
Nia s , S aga , v o l 1 pp 9 , 1 0 . . . .
3
Ram baud, H is t c iv ilfra n ;a ise , p 1 0 7
. , .
1 20 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A GE
re- 1
.
f
c o n a rreati a solemn and r eli gio us union in t h e pr esence
o,
p arent s to a t h in g to a venal ro
p p e r ty When
,
at A thens .
r l
.
2
A is to t e , P olitic s , v o l ii p 8 . . . .
3
L e go uv é , H is t M or des F em m es , p 8 6
l t
P au us , S t z c lz us —L ab o u aye , D i on f om az n
. . .
4 . l .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 21
1
R C ubain, L o is
. c iv iles de R om e, p . 181 .
C H AP TE R V III .
P R I M I T I VE P OLY G AM Y .
a l t —P l ygam y i A tr l ia i N C l d i d t F iji
.
soc i bi i y o n us a n ew a e o n a, an a
Th l gi im t w if at F iji —P lyg m y am g th
,
e e t d a e bi e an c o nc u n es o a on e
H tt t t
o d K ffi —E
en o s an mi r a f p l yg m y i A fr i
rs c o no c eas o n s o o a n ca
o f ppl y
su d d m an d—I an ff t h m r l i y f w m n —C m
e ts e ec s on t e o a t o o e o
m i l fi d li y—M m b J m b —L
e rc a e t kn wn i bla k Afri —L g l
u o u o ove un o n c ca e a
m arr i g with h B g
a e at Mad g ar H i rar hi l p l yg m y at
t e on os a asc -
e c ca o a
M ad g ar—P l yg m y i P l y i i A m r i —J l
a as c o a
y k w
n o n e s a, n e ca e a o us un n o n
to t h f m al e ag —Th i t r wi am g h R d k i —R l igi
e e sav e e s s e -
ves on t e e s ns e on
s an cifi t l
p yg y Ma
esm — o
g mi t d i i Am r i o no a c en en c e s n e c a.
I I P lyg my i o A i a d i E pn P l yg m y m
s a g han n uro e - o a a on t e
ab rigi f I dia i B am g h O i k d h B tt
. .
o n es o n n o o tan , on t e st a s an t e a as
n v e sa p yg y P l yg m y f h
l o m ve o a o a o t e anc e n e u
ia C h in d V di A r a — P l yg m y m g h G a l d t
h G r ma —
u s an
—
v ns , es e ,
y an e c ns o a a on e
t e e Ca fprim it i
ns l
p yg y Im uses o l ti n ve o a ts ev o u o .
and that of women We have s een how s avage life rapi dly .
TH E E VOL U TI O N OF M A R R JA G E . I 23
Ba din H i U i d V y t x iii p 3 4
1
u , st. n v . es o .
, . v . . .
1 24 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
o
husba d chosen concubine Th fact is cu rious and
n a . e ,
—
In pr imitive count r ies the married woman that i s to s ay
the woman belonging to a man —has he r self the con s cience
,
seve r ely eno ugh ) but she doe s not think of retaliating , ,
M h Vy1
il t t p 35
o e re n o ut, o . aux es, e c . , . 11 . . 2 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 2 5
but she desi r e s it for the work will be s o much the les s f
,
or
are a greed .
3
and the women are the fir s t t find thi s quite nat ural o .
o , s en s a
1
W it A b p l gy
a z l i p 99
—S t dm an W d
n t ro o o
g vo 2 ee an eri n s , etc . ,
l 1 p 4 —D l g g t
, , . . . .
,
i S
n h Af i
out r c a, v o t p 5 4 p 3 2 0 e e or ue , I er 1 1 1. 2 1.
C a m pb ll H i U i d V y t xx ix p 3 5 7
. . .
. . . . . .
2
e st n v es o
B r h ll ibid t xx i p
, . . .
, . . . .
3
uc e 4
, . . v . . 20 .
p pr o r ieto r does not inte r fere at all wit h the agric ultu ral
labo ur executed by the w ives ; he only requires them to
su pply him wit h foo d If he ha s bo ught them it is m erely .
,
bodies .
”
s carcel y lessened .
a woman costs no less than ten iron plates each wei ghin g ,
3
Tbe H ea rt of Afric a, v o l 1 p 3 0 1
ha t
. . . .
4
D e n m an d C lappe rto n, H ist Un iv des Voy , xxv n p 4 3 7 . . . . . .
A ND O E TH E F A M I L Y? 1 27
thro ugh the labour of the women but al s o thro ugh the ,
Th p oor women
e f the G aboon who lacerated by
o , are
w hi p s for no offence do t understand cha s tity and their ,
no ,
conj ugal fidelity for a bead ecklace a fine waist cloth etc ; n ,
-
,
.
1
r
G ay and D o c k ard, ibid v iii p 3 7 3 t x
r k h nk
. . . . .
2
r
B o die C ui s a , So jo urn of E zg/i t Yea rs on tlze Gold Coast
t xx
.
3
h
D e n am and C lappe rto n , H ist Un iv des Voy , v ii p 4 3 7
t xx
. . . . . . .
4
M o llie n , ibid v iii
p 4 39 . . . . .
3
D u C haillu, loc c it , pp 3 7 8 4 3 5 . . .
-
.
3
Tbe H ea rt of Afric a, v o l ii p 9 1 . . . .
1 28 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF jl/I A R R I A G E
p r ice .
1
o u ly beaten by t h e M um b
s h imself amid the acclama o ,
other women .
In all negro Afr ica the husband s are gene rally st r an gers
to the j ealousy f honour which exists among the i t lli o n e
f
or mo r al fidelity based a ffe tio and fr ee choice , on c n .
w i fe ,
I have bought her therefore it is her duty to
“
,
wo rk .
3 r S i l gy l ii pp 84 93
e e e nc e ,
oc o o , vo . . . 2 -
2 .
A ND OF TH E FAIl/II L Y 1 2 9
sc io usly .
n , ,
1
r
D up e, Trois M o is d M ada gas c ar, p 1 5 3
hw n rth
. .
:
Sc ei f
u Tbe H eart of Afric a, v o l i p 2 7
1
, . . . .
0
0
r
D up e, Trois M ois dM adagas c ar, p 1 5 3
rt h
.
-
.
s
P i c ard, P olyn es ia n R em in is c en c es , e tc , p 2 7 0
W t
. . .
u Th
es , Ten Years in S on t/ z Central P o l y n es ia, p 2 7 0.
n ll
. .
G
Bo ugai v i e , Voyages , p 2 44 . .
at Samoa at Ton ga in N w Zealand there exi s ted a
,
1
,
2
e ,
2
G uaranis for exam ple the men did not h in g to the land
, ,
1
P r i h rd l i tc
p 37 a oc . c t 2
C k ( Th ird V y g ) H i U i d Vy t i p 7
. .
, .
,
2
oo o a e s t. n v es o x 0
D m t d U ill
.
, .
, . . . .
3 ’
u on rv e
t
.
4
cfr c a n ,
’ ’
A d O big y L l m m A m i i r p 4 3n zo e I er 0
t
.
,
. . .
3
V y g 2l T F m
o a e ( p 3 4 a erre er e, e tc I er 0
t ii p 8 9 ,
. . . .
3 ’
A d O b ig y l. i r n , oc . c t. , . . . .
7 H Sp r S i l gy l ii p 8e nc e oc o o vo 2 2
t ii p 3 8
.
, .
. .
,
.
3 A d O big y l i
’
r n oc . c t . . 0 .
.
, .
, .
AN D OE TH E E A M JL Y . I 3 1
, e
s k in s But consan guine
.
3
t p olygamy wa s general
,
'
or no ,
nume r ou s posterity .
8
1
J w D r y Gw b S i l gy p 60 ( S m it/ i I
O en o se a a oc o o 2 z s on a n n s tit ution ,
L M rgan A i t S i ti
. .
, ,
2
o n c en oc e es , p 4 32
r ft l it l i p 7 7
. .
.
,
3
B an c o oc c vo 2
J Ow n D r y l
, . .
, . . . .
4
it p 6 e o se oc . c 2 0
r ft l it l i p 3 88
.
, .
, . .
3
B anc o oc . c vo
W k E luti f M lity l i p 5 5
, . . . . .
3
a e, vo on o ora , vo . . . 2 .
7 H Sp .r S i l gy l 1 p 8 3
e nc eI d ibid l ,
oc o o , vo . . . 2 .
3
.
, . vo . 11 .
p . 28 5
.
.
1 3 2 TH E E VOL UTI ON OE MA R R I A G E .
II P lyg my i A i d E u p . o a n s a an ro e.
, ,
ro
p p erty and s ocial
, or ganisation p as s throu gh a s erie s f o
1
D m o h V y pi p 5 g —B n r ft l i pp 68 9 5
en e c o tt o a c o vo 1 1
r ft l i p 5 D m n h l
.
, . .
, . .
, . .
2 3
B an c o oc . c i
t p 5 1 1. o e ec oc . c t 1 1.
r ft l i
. .
, , .
,
4
B an c o l i p ,77 oc . c t . vo . . . 2 .
3 3
I bz d v o l. i p 51 1 I bid v o l. i p 511
’
. . . . . . . .
_
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 33
, , . e
indigenou s tri b e s of I dia polygamy i s widely s pr ad n e ,
,
s n ,
p lygamy
o i s the luxury f the rich or of chiefs A mong t h o . e
M ishmis the s e privileged individuals sometime s p osse ss
s ixty wive s Th M ishmi husband s form a rar exce ption
. e e
on one p oint— they are not at all exacting a b out the fidelity
of their wive s ; they con s ider t hem a s s lave s or s ervant s d ,
an
1 D al t n D
'
2
ip i E b
o
f B gal pp
es c r 6 9 t I bid p 8
ve t n o. o en 12, 1 1
by a H i d a th r i R B it ig 8 7
, ,
.
, . . . .
3
Vy B
o au oota n , n oo u o n ev ue r an n ue , 1 2
Wk l i
, .
.
4 a e, l i 6 t
p oc9 . c .
,
vo . . . 2 .
1
34 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF MA R R I A G E .
he s tops .
1
Th p olygamic
e égim i s also in great hono ur in the
r e
m ster
a .
2
exceptions .
o , ,
H Sp n r S i l 1
. l e p 8 ce ,
oc o oo vo . 1 1. . 2 0.
2
[d , ibid vo l ii 2 2
9
. . . .
p
. .
A N D OE TH E E A M JE Y . 1 35
C esa r tells u s that the G auls were p olygamo us and had the
a ,
confe s ses that certain G erman chiefs had s eve ral wives and ,
and a r ms .
2
f
or exam ple s till practised it that D agobert had t hr ee
, ,
e 51 , , .
a man i s an agric ultu r ist the wife i s then f s till gre ter ,
o a
p la ts
n so,
w s r ea p s even ,
and all for the p rofit f her master
,
o .
o .
,
c p tu r e
a by purc h ase he therefo r e pr oc ures himself a s
or ,
,
a e
man s ubject s hi s little feminine fl ock to an e qual s ervitud e,
again s t which th wive s do t think f re b elli g they
e no o n , as
fi d it q uit
n atural for they r not of a more re fi ned
e n , a e
n ature than their proprietor By degree s however a .
, ,
,
r ,
re a ve s o
warriors f im portant men with whom th e hu s ba d i s
, or o , n
P O LY G AM Y OF C I V I L I S ED P EO LE P .
n gamy
.
him l ft se o mo o
—W
.
II
A rab P olygamy l
hy the M uss u m ans ha r n
e m ai ed po y l
—
. ve
gam o ns r rt
The in fe io i y o f w an r l
om p oc aim e d by the Ko n ra
l a
Po yg m ic r tr
e s ic tio ns in the Ko ra — l n
n R e igio t
sanc io ns the rig ht
o f c on u
j gal r rt —
p po e y The pu crhas ed owm an T—h e c o n
jg p o
u a lre r
lo
p yg y m Th aM u ul m an m rr i g i l a i
e — F m l m r ha di
ss a a e s c e a e e c n se
Th p r l im ina ri
e f m arriag —
e D ut i d b l ig t i
es o f th M u ul e es an o a o ns o e ss
m rr i g —
a P l ygam y
a e d th ubj t i n f w m
o an e s ec o o o en
—M o n
.
n bl i P ru
.
t nd y
e e nc
d I di —P l yg m y n bi g
.
I V P lyg my i P i o a d n ers a an n a o a an co c u na e
P r i —S
i
o i c es n e s a ev e o se ua o a n t e v e s ta
P l ygam y a
o rding h R ig V d —P l yg m y i
cco h C d f to t e -
e a o a n t e o e o
t bl i h d
es a s e .
I Tb S t g f P lyg my . e a e o o a .
o o ,
o
II . A ra b P olyga my .
re t u h
-
o amend the la w s that they make and t h e m
c or ,
co
,
o
ment .
A rabs .
j ect i and
o n, thi s s ubjection i s great in all p olygamo us
countrie s There is no ambiguity on this point in th
. e
s za ed e
: t ,
no
g r eat .
”1
K r n S r t i 38 1 o a , ou a e, v. .
A N D OF TH E FA MI Z Y
'
. 141
T h restricti on s
e polygamy found i th Koran on n e are
already pa s t .
” 1
n
“
o are n
Th wife must b e p ur c ha s ed
e It is permitted unto y u to .
“
o
”4
m ise d .
The ro
p p het coun s els the faithful with o ut however ,
s or , e o
the re s triction s which b impo s ed n other s 0 prophet
,
“
e o : ,
1
K ra S r t i 6 Ib d l i 3 3 5
'
Jo
'
'
ou a e, 2
‘
o n, v. . z . x . IO . za. v. .
2
M id iv . . 28 . 4
Mid iv . . 1 8.
r4 2 THE E VOL UTI O N OF MA R RJA GE
we have allowed thee thy wives unto whom thou hast give n
t heir do w e r and also the slaves which thy right hand
,
, o
fl d with thee fr om M ecca and any other believin g woman
e , ,
promised thee t h at they will flee idolat r y that they will not ,
c on a e:
“
,
”
thy w ives .
” 3
1
Ko r an , xxx iii .
47 .
3
1 6221 . xxx iii .
49 .
5
M id iii . . 13 .
2
Mid 4
1 28
’
. 1x . 1 2. l bio iv
. . .
AM ) OF TH E FAM I L Y .
43
a b solutely private and even the civil power doe s not a ppear ,
marriage .
p roo f .
5
not bee paid the wife ha s the right to refus e all intimate
n
commerce Th wife s ells her s el f say s Sidi Khelil ;
.
“
e ,
”
1
K ra 1 o n, Mid l 5 6 7 Q
11. 20 .l bi l i 2
. v. - .
3
a.
’
v . 22 .
4
M id l i 3 5 E M y i E d l l l m m p 48 5 ’ '
v e n e r, fu es s ur s a zs e, 1
S idi Kh l il t p 4 34 ( q t d by M y i )
. . . . . .
6
e , . u . . uo e e n er .
7
E M eynier, lac
. . c it . p . r5 9 .
1 44 I II E E VOL U TI ON OF MAR RI A GE
z n ae a
freely .
4
1
E Meynie r, lac a t p p 1 5 8 -1 60
h ll t t
. . . . .
2
S idi K e i , ii pp 3 2 6 3 2 7 ( uo . . .
q d by M yei e n er ) .
3 ’
Joz a p 1 5 7
h l il t
. . .
1
E M eynier, Zoe c it p 1 5 8
. . . .
5
S idi K e , . 1 1. p 5 05
.
‘
.
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 45
glutton .
1
. e
s upply them with a mat a bed— that i s to say a matt r e ss or
—
,
t
o eat garlic to eat or drink any other thing which may
, or
1
E M eynie r, Zoe c it p 1 6 5 I bz a p 1 6 6 2 3
'
’
1 5 221 p 1 6 7
t r
. . . . . . . . . . .
1
etc , des B erber“
'
‘
E S ab a ie , E s sa z s ur sedenta z res , in
'
. .
R ev ue d a n tfi ropologz e, 1 8 8 2
’ '
t t rn x t
.
5
H ano e au e t L e o u eu , L a K abylz e, p 1 48
'
11 . . . .
1 46 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
o f th per s n s old
e o .
5
e ar e an
z e, t . 11 . . 1 .
6
2
I d , ibid p
. . . 1 49 .
4
Id ,. ibid p . . 1 62 . I d , ibid
. .
3 5
I d , ibid p
. . . 1
5 0. I d , ibid pp
. . . 1 52 , 1 53 .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 47
father an unre s trained power and she has to con s ult her
, ,
daughte r .
2
the child s s ake tha the mother s as she care s little enough
’
n
’
,
,
t e-
a e
ste r ile and es pecially if she ha s in way abjured her s ex by
, a
mixing with men in the markets .
6
1
H t L t rn x L K byl t p 6 ’
ano te au e e ou eu ,
a a z e, . 11. . 1 1.
2 4 6
I d ibid p 5 I d ibid p 169 I d ibid p
1.
5 1 1 1.
t ii p 65 I d t ii p 46
. .
, . .
, . . . .
, . .
3 5
[d .
, . . . 1 . .
, . . . 1 .
1 48 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
Th p olygamic e
e gi m ha s be s ides in eve r y country an
r e
an th p m rO ph u paterfamilia
o or s only
o maintain
s s hi uthority , s a
by force and by xpelling hi s rivals s o in human s ocietie s
e , , ,
th p olygamou s hu s band
e hardly b anything but the c an e
appetite s o habitual to m
,
cannot be s t range to an,
woman Both have the same blood and s har the me
,
. e sa
duties .
I II . P olyga my in E gyp t,
M exic o,
a nd P eru .
by the s im ple ece ss ity re s ulting from the pro portion fthe
n o
E gypt .
1
D io do rus , boo k i 80
W r tt
. .
2
P esc o , H ist oftire Con q
'
uest af P em , v o l 1 p 46
W r tt
. . . . . .
3
P e s c o , H isl of Ik e Con q ues t of M exic o, v o l i p 121
r rt
. . . . . .
He r
be S pen c e , S oc iology , v o l ii p 2 8 3 . . . .
4
F M iille r, A llgem E t/ mogm , p 2 6 3
. . . .
1
5 0 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF MAR R I A G E
H rb rt S p
1 r S i l gy l p 9 5
e e enc e , oc o o ,
vo . 11. . 2 .
C d H l 2
1 m m I r d lxx i
e ar ez / 1 nt o c
iii l t i
.
,
.
.
,
Rg V 3
z - H xx 45
’
oo a, sec . v . ec . v ii . . . v er . .
A N D OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 5 1
god .
”3
1
R ig- Veda, s ec iii , H ver 1 7 . . . . .
2 ’
I bia s ec v iii , H xv n , v e r 5 , 6
l t
. . . . . . .
2
I bia se c iii , ec
’
. iv , v e r 3
. . . . . .
5
I bid sec v ii , e c t v iii , H
. . v i , v er
. l . . . xx . . 2 .
6
Code of M a n n , ix v er 1 49 1 5 1 . .
-
.
7
I bid xi v e r 5
. . . .
152 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A RR I A G E
In the pre s ent time it i s the same for the great and ,
t
oo rapid mortality of male s Indeed from this mome t .
,
n
companion s .
1
Code o f M an u v i l . v er. 2 1 9 , 2 2 1 , an d 2 2 4
Wak e
.
,
2
E v olution of M orality, v o l ii p 2 4 1
t t t
. . . .
,
3
L ettres éciijl, vi p 26 ; xv p 2 8 6 ; x1 1 p 4 1 6
Wak e
. . . . . . . . . .
4
, loo c it , v o l 1 1 p 2 30
. . . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 153
P R O S T I TUT I ON A ND C ON B I N E CU AG .
P ros tz tutz om
’
r ve os on o se o sc es
i t i —P
.
S p ial i at i n f pr t ituti
ec s o i o i il i d os tituti i thon n c v se so c e es ro s on n e
th f e e an os on n a os on n n a e o s
t t t n — P r t itut i n i E ur p
,
p r i
os u i o os o n o e.
I I I V i u F m f Co ubi g —Th
ar o s or ubi t —
: o C ubi nc na e e c o nc na e o nc ne
—
.
t S m m d r f t f th a m
.
ca p i i J ud
v es d Hn m r i G r
aea an o e c eec e o e o e n ac s o e s e
k i d—S la
n ubi ve i Afri a i Aby i i
c o nc n es d M dag nr c n s s n a, an a as c a
tral Am ri —Cat g ri f th
,
L g l ubi t i C ubi t na e
i M xi —
e a c o nc na e n en e ca e o es o e c o nc
n Th
e l r wi
co i Tar tary
e d Ch i a—
es s e C ubi i
v es n an n o nc nes n
A yr ia am
ss g th A r b on d i I di — G
e r k h t ir i m a— Th
s, an n n a ee e a
‘
s e c on
i t R m —Th
,
l rgy—C ubi
c e by p r a ut i
o nc nes C t m p rary“
ubi ag ec on on e o c o nc n e
Why it d
-
t x i t i Kabyl —Th
o es n o el uti f ubi ag s n e e e vo on o c o nc n e.
monogamy .
fore quite natural that most men even i the present time ,
n ,
legali s ed .
II . P rostitution .
F ree girl s d wome willi gly sell them s elve s and more
an n n ,
often s till they are an article of traffi c for their par t lik
, en s, e
any other merchandi s e .
N idea
o f s hame yet attache s t s exual u ion s
o as o n
considered in them s elve s Prostitution is a sim ple barter .
. n ar
1 56 TE E E VOL UTI O N OF M AR R I A G E
large revenue from them for it i s very s lowly that pros titu -
with it
E v rywhere—i all countries and among all races
.
e n ,
t be r that at a certain
o a ,
nnual fe s tival the wom en of all a
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 57
i
n accord N moral brand f sham attaches to the
. o o e
p rostitute In Cochin
. China s ay s F inlay s on a father has -
, ,
3
er n ,
n e
to her finding a suitabl husband afterward s In Ja pan e .
p rote s ti g n .
4
1
B r ft l i
anc o l p 6 7 6o o. c t vo 11 .
V y t xxx i p id t xxx i p 3 34
, .
, . . .
2
Hi U i
s t. n v . ales
33 M o 1
3 v.
t t
. .
.
, . . . . . .
4
G B q L j j 6 I“
'
o us ue
.
p , e
p 4 a o n ae n os o urs . . 2 .
1
5 8 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R RI A G E
stran ge divinitie s .
2
a o v e as
1
G B q t l
o us it t
ue p 8 7 oe. c 1 9 13
S hl i m n L Cl i
. . .
,
.
.
,
2
c e an l j p a z n e et e a on
t
.
,
q a D M ’
3
G B . L
o us Th e ue j ,p ( R
e u u tre au a on ev e a es e x ona/es,
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 1 59
A regards p ro s titutio
s Brahmanic India is s carcely mor n, e
scru pulou s than Ja pan and there again w fi d religiou s , e n
“
T h p eo ple hav
e of them th idol
e o ne ,
“
e
named C pp l in eigh b ouring hou s e ; ther h i s erved
o a a n e s e s
A old traveller S
n t confirm s the testimony
, f the
o nn era , o
1
k
L e c y, H istory of E uropean M orals , v o l 1 p . . . 1 03 .
2
M rs S pie , L i f r
e in A nc ie n t I ndia , p 2 8
t
. . .
3 4
L ettres éa ijiantes, xii p 4 1 2 I bid p 4 1 7
’
. . . . . . .
1 60 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
III V i u F m f C Oi g . ar o s or s o o nc n na c .
Betwee animal love that can b tasted with the pro s titute
n ,
e ,
a ,
Hi 1
2
U i d V t xxx i p 3 5
s t. n v . es oy .
, . . . 1 .
anc ien n es .
, p . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y 1 61
the only men who love their wives ? E very wise d good an
A d a little fu r ther
n , he make s a clea r di s tinction o n,
b ite him .
” 4
2
I bid . 11 .
4
Odyssey , xx xx ii .
1 62 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A RR I A G E
all the g r eat nobles have a troop of pretty se rvant girls with
s pri ghtly looks .
4
Th king sets the exam ple and natu r ally he goes fur ther
e ,
1H E d l f
o uz eau, l m l dtu m t p
es s ur es ac u tes
’
en ta es
2
es an z
'
a ux , . 11 . .
3 8 1 L A by i i p 3 es s s n en nes , 1
n
. . .
3
C l pp S d Vy
a l p 8 6
e rto n , L J l
ec on é d o .
,
vo . 11 . . .
4
e ea , o o re, 1 1.
A N D OF TH E E A M JL Y . 1 63
p eo ple .
whom the p rent s usually chose for their sons at the reque s t
a
'
b ecame fruitful .
could inherit .
1
r
D up e, Trois M o is d M adagasc a r, p 1 5 3 . .
2
3
r
Ban c o ft , N a tiv e R ac es , v o l ii p 6 7 1
4
. . . .
d
I , i bid v o l ii p 66 4
. . . I d , ibid
. . . . . v o l. 1 1 .
p . 1 64 .
1 64 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
regulation .
j t
ec to the former who h as p r ecedence and rule over
,
them ,
who governs the house h old and w h ose child ren are con ,
( M aca r tney II i t U i d V y t,
xxxiii 4 7 s .A cco r din
n v g . es o .
,
. .
g i
e n ar an s
; but these seve r e 4
measu r es have fallen into
de s uet ude .
f tly legal
ec T h first or fi i f w if is an hono ured matron
. e c e e
she commands the l wi who w her res pect and esser ves, o e
H 1 V y g uc , Ya i t
o a e en p 3
— P éjé l k y t
rtar e, e tc 191 3
01 r va s I er
p 6 9 t ii p
.
.
, . . .
,
; 121
U i d V y t xxx iii p 3
. . . . .
2
Tim k ki H i ows , st. n v . es o .
, . . . 11 .
S i ib l d d M
3 L Cl i l p i Cfi i
’
n a o e as , a z n e et es u ss an c es ret en nes , t I er
t
.
4 ’
p 5 . 1 . H L E mp i Cfi i i ii p 55 uc , re n o se, . . . 2 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 65
that they lavish the expres s ion s f their res pect a ffectio o ,
n,
s trictly res ult from the nature fthe life and education o .
H owever if O ,
of these women becomes a mother the
ne ,
2
l
M i ne , R ea l L ife in Cic in a , p 1 6 1
t
. .
2 ’
ii p 2 5 8
H ue , L E mpire Clz in o is e, . . . .
4
l
M i n e , R eal L ife in Ch in a, p 1 6 1
r kh r t t xxx i
.
5
Bu c a d , H ist Un iv des Voy , . . . . .
p . 1 48.
1 66 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF AI A R R I A G E
T h concubinate is
e t m o r e rare among the Ar yans
’
no
concubine s .
2
,
as
i
s o na l d uties and the means f s ec ur ing adorers t h is wo uld o ,
an d institution s .
S 2
H i U
o nn e rat,i d V y xxx i p 34 9 M id L pl
s t. n v. es o a ac e ,
t x iii p 43 3
. .
.
, . .
,
L ky H i
. . . .
3
ec f E ,p M l l
s t. o 8 uro ean ora s . vo . 1 1. p . 2 0 .
A ND OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 67
Th l g juli and F p i P pp
e e es also expre ssly authori s e
a a a o aaa
it .
time .
3
s id d as a
e re atural child f the father ( tu li n o na ra s, non
mother .
4
rated .
D m ng t I i 1
d G i 63 o e e n st t utes e a ns , s e c
R C b in L i i il d R m
, . .
2
pp 88 89 u a o s c v es e o e, 1 1
gt l
. .
, , .
3
D m i 63 o en e oc . c t sec
R C bai
. .
, .
4
l i p 88 . u n, oc . c t . . 1 .
1 68 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF AI A R R I A G E
her ma s ter pr ovided that the latter had not then any
,
legitimate children .
1
and the lergy themselves w ere the first to s et the exam ple
c ,
v rious princes
a pr ests livin g in conc ubina ge Bette r
on i .
3
T rent Sar pi say s that many Swiss cantons had ado pted thi s
,
de f i ti ibu t adul “
ac eo o rn c a on s e
p ericulum .
1
D m gt I o i d G i
en e 58 , n st tutes e a n s , se c . .
3
L ea, H i s tory f
o S a c erdotal Celibacy ( P i ade p
4
ia, 1 8 6 7 ) , p 2 9 6 hl l h ‘
. .
Id , z bzfl
d pp I d , z bz d p 3 2 4
'
. . 2 7 4, . . . .
FA M I L Y AN D OF TH E
69 . 1
8 6 to 8 1 0 1 10
8 to 8 5 1 21 1 2
in 8 6 1 2
free union .
free union s nor natural child r en the reason is very sim ple , .
n o w nat ural to m n
, O e may say borrowing a locution a . n ,
2
H an o e au e t L e to u eu , L a Kab y lie, ii p 1 4 8 . . .
1 7 0 TH E E VO L UTI O N OE M A R R I A G E .
tion of ille gitim te child ren too often aban doned by thei r
a ,
P R I M I T I V E M ONO GAM Y .
a
R c es ic wh h l
p yga m i are o c ,
al th gh p ri r—C x i t n
ou su e o oe s e ce of
m o n o ga m y an d po lo gam y
—M o no
.
n
arriag
.
i P r
n e u
— n a t —
.
III M m
g y i . A i E gyp
on o a t G y r y i E gyp
n I n c ent ec o c c n ts
’ ’
i
ra so ndé tre
—
.
IV M g y f
m . i T o no a
g d A by i i oGy ra y
t re o ua re s an ss n a ns . n ec o c c
gam y i r al i y i
.
V M g my m g / M g l f A i
on o a M a on i ze on o s o s a -
o no n e t n
Th ib t—M difi d m
.
a a ta a a
.
e m
g y m g h
o T r re — M rr i g i C
o no h i a on t e s a e n n
w m —Japan m rriag
o en es e a e.
monogamy .
forbid s it .
1
Indeed in all soci ties more less civilised the desire for
, e or ,
the s ame for all in the paternal as well a s the mate r nal
line .
2
O ver and above this moral motives have reinfo r ced the ,
more noble and more s en s itive than their gro ss com panions ,
g rew tired f p rimitive het iri som and obeyin g p ower ful a
‘
, ,
e no
graphy .
H rb rt S p r S i l gy l p 3
1
e e e nc e ,
oc o o , vo . 1 1. . 01.
2
I d , ibid
. . vo l. ii pp 30 1 ,
. .
302 .
3
D as M utterrec bt .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 73
not buy their wives and leave to their youn g people the ,
1
D M as l utterrec z t S p n r S i l gy l p 99
2
e ce oc o o vo 11 . 2
d H witt K m il
. . . .
, ,
3
F
'
5
l
D a to n , E tlz n olog / f B enga l p
o , .
41 .
I d , ibid p 1 3 2
. . . .
3
Id . ibid p . . 28 .
1 74 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
1
.
p r evio usly quoted abun d antly prove that p oly gamy and
monogamy can coexist in the same society— th e fo r mer for
the sole use of t h e r ulin g cla s ses the latter fo r the common ,
eo
p p le .
It w as thu s in
exico wh ere amon g the w ive s of the M ,
4
,
ro
p p r ietors reg ulate the co u lin
p g f thei r domestic animals o .
1
D o m enec h
Voyage P i ttores que dan s les D es erts
’
o
’
u Nouv eau M onde,
r t
,
c o f , N at iv e R ac es ,
2
p 5 1 0 Ba n e tc v o l. ii p 6 6 1
t xl
. . .
. . .
,
4
Fr Mu e , . ll r p 263 . .
5
I d , ibid p. . . 2 63 .
A N D OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 75
rese r vation that she mi ght not b his uterine sister and the e ,
2
thei r termination .
W Pr
1
tt H i f l C g f P
. e sc o l 1 p
,
—G r il o
st. o t ze on . o e ru, v o . . . 12 1 . a c as
de la V e ga , Com de los I n c as , pp . 2 5, 1 1 3, 2 1 8 .
2
I d , ibid
. .
.
1 76 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
p rofo u ndly r eli gio us thi s inter dict clea r ly p r oves that in
public O pinion at least the woman w held to be an '
, ,
as
his death neve r to s uffer the a ppr oach f any man pursued
,
o ,
H r d t
1
e o bk ii p 3 5
o us , I d bk
. .
p 4 . Di d . b k2 i p 7
. . 1 1. . 2 .
3
o o rus , . . . 2 .
AN D OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 77
divorce .
2
individuals .
all th transfer s
~
e f p ro perty made by the wife s hould be o
authorised by th husband e .
4
2 3 4
Id , . ibid . I d ibid . . Id , ibid
. .
1 78 TH E E V OL UTI ON OE M AR R I A G E
les favo ured in this res pect We s h all see hat in ancient
s . t
G r eece and R ome the same causes p rod uced the s ame
e ffects Is it e en neces a ry to g to ancient times to
. v s o
facts are not incom pati ble with th e legal s ubj ection of
w omen If they seem to have been ve r y common in
.
them into the subo rdinate rank which th ey h ave occ upied
until the present time in all h uman societies but whic h , ,
ence and the purity f their race better than the K abyle s
o ,
mother ; the ”
f a slave
so n s erf father and a noble
o or
her and h her name the Targui lady goe s w here she w ill
e ar ,
4
339 3
-
0
1
D uve y ier r , Tot2a reg da N ord, 33 7 .
2
Id . iOid .
1 80 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
Th ladie s of the trib of the I f gh
e are renown d e o as e ,
m usic .
eyes and the heart d not for the bed only a s among the
, an ,
Arabs 5
”
.
1 r r
D uv ey ie , To ziareg du N ord, p 3 8 7 . .
2
I d , ibid p 4 30
. . . .
3
I d , lac c it p 3 6 2 . .
:
. .
o
4
I d , z oi d pp 34 5 , 34 7
. . . . Id . loc . c z t.
p.
4 29 .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 1 81
e ,
In short it o .
,
the women enj oy very g reat libe rty ; their conduct is very
di s solute and their ma rriage very ea s ily b roken Bruc
, . e,
who fi rst made known to us the s e curious cu s tom s liken s ,
1
r
B uc e , H ist Un iv des Voy , t xxiii p 3 5 8
—
'
. . . . . . .
2
r
B uc e , Tra els , e tc , v o l iv p 48 7
’
A d Abbadie, D ouz e ans
t
. . . . . .
li an te tl uopie,
'
1 9 1 pp 1 00, 1 2 8 3
t xx
. . .
3
r
B uc e, H ist Un iv aes Voy ,
’
. iii p 3 6 5 . . . . . .
1 82 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR RI A GE
s uccessive polygamy .
re putation .
2
. e
women holding marriage i contem pt and all the g reat n ,
Br
1
l i t xxiii p 5 5
uc e , oc . c t 2
U i d V y t xxx i p 4 7
. . . .
, .
T r r Hi
2
u ne
3 s t. n v es o
Id ibid t xxx i pp 43 7 4 5 4
. . . .
,
. .
,
’
3
.
,
Id b
. p 43 5
. . . , . . , z z a. . .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
only note i pas s ing that thei r gi rls h ave also ve ry loose
n
a r istocracy .
3
p .
6 T h a er, ne o erne, . e
1
L ettres la ijian tes ,
’
xv p 200 t
I er p 6 9 — t t
. . . .
2
P réjé v alsk y, M ongo lia, H uc , Ta rtarie, I er p 3 0 1 .
t
. . . . . .
3
I d , ibid 191 p 7 1 3
4 ’
l
t
. . . .
i s a n c es Ch ret ien n es ,
’
pu s 1 81
p 51
h t
.
. . .
3
D u au C ily, Voyage a ute ur du m on de, 1 ii p 3 6 9 . . . .
3
l
M i ne , R ea l L ife c u Chin a , p 5 9 7 Id
, ibi
d p 1 59 . I . . . . .
1 84 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
the future wife and h usband but even befo re their birth , ,
on
the hypothesis f a difference f x The s e agreement s o o se fi’
food and has not even the right to touch what her
, so n
leaves .
6
p r
e s ons havin g the s ame family name and I shall have to ,
7
,
exces s ive right to unmarry his da ughte r fo r to remedy this ,
1
H E mpi
ue, hi i t p 5 5 re cM il l it p
no s , 5 . 11 . . 2 .
2
ne , oc . c . . 1 1.
3 H ue , lac c it p 2 5 5 . . . .
4
G E S im o n, L a fam ille c hino ise, N ouv elle R ev ue, 1 8 8 3
t
.
. .
, o l
5 M i ne l c c it
p 1 54
3
H
. uc , E mpir
.e c h in.o is , 1 91
.
p .
3
. 2 68 .
3 I d ibid 1° 11 d 28 8.
, . . 1 d ib id I d , ib i p . . . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
the Cele s tial E mpire and the n umber f male celi bates ,
o
1
E S im o n , F a m ille Chinoise, N ouvelle R ev ue, 1 8 8 3
n
. .
2
I d , ibid 4
E S im o , loc c it
ln
. . . . .
3
M i e , loc c it p 1 3 . .
5
. I d , ibid . . .
3
Masana Maeda, L a S oc iete‘iaponaise, in R ev ue S c ientifi ue, 1 8 7 8 q
’
.
1 86 TH E E VO L U TI ON OF M A R RI A G E
A ryan r aces
,
ca price f individual
o of the deg r ee of culture and social
s, o r
development .
legal monogamy has for its chief object the regu lation
o f s ucces s ion and the division f pr o p e r ty With m u h o . c
i te and e f
n a ve frontery many legislators have sanctioned ,
under other conj ugal égim which are theo r etically less r es
eo
p p le s w h have g r antedo it to h er t h e E gy p tians in ,
a r l ity
.
an d the m o nog m ic ea .
rb —O blig t ry
.
vi n e levit ate .
II I arri g i h A ta
M arriage in P ers ia and A nc ien t I ndia -
M a e n t e ve s
Ma ri g i In di —G n ral m —
. .
a x t r j t i f h
wif —
r a e n m
g y E m ab e e o no e e su ec on o t e
Pur h
e f h wif —M trim i l pr hibiti —Th id l
c ase o t e e a on a o o ns e ea
s p
—
o use M rri g i m d r I dia a a e n o e n n
— —
.
IV M i g i A i C m
arr a e W i d n b i L p i
nc e nt rea v es an c o nc u ne s ow os
o o e e a a e n a e c c s t se e o un
G r k gir l
ee im il t d t h ing—D wry—Th wif m ipa d by
ass a e o a t o e e e anc te
m o ne
y .
V M i g i
. A i R m
arr a e —M rri g f h il dr n —R l ti
n nc ent o e. a a es o c e e a ve
lib y f th
t
er R m w m an—Th P i p
o e o Th M
an o e atr a otestas - e an us
th E ld r—
e Th j bii—
e Th d wry die ff t
us c onn u e o an ts e ec s
i g —M rri g m g
.
VI B fl .u M i g d Ch i i
ar aro s M arr a e a n r st an arr a e. a a e a on
th eG r m n i th M iddl Ag
e a am g th S x f E gl d
s n e e es , on e a o ns o n an
M rri g a
a rdi g C h i ti ity
a e cco n to rs an .
better f wor s e
, or th marriag s rvic of E ngla d h
,
”
as it
e e e e n as .
Ex d 1
i 8 o G n i
us , xx 4 .
-
10 .
2
e e s s , 11 . 2 .
1 90 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
s an
s trict de pendence Th s on g f the virtuou s woman at the . e o
e e o are
‘
s e no se
than the ca pr ice of the master who had bou ght her F inally .
,
men f the city shall stone her with stones that she die ;
o
because s he hat h wrought folly in I s rael to play the whore ,
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y 1
th H ebrew l w
e a .
1
D t h xx l q L A 2 ’
eu 3 c H 11 p 3 96 v e r. 1 - 21 o v e ac ue , v esta,
b k i pp 5 7
. . .
, .
, . .
3
C d f llI o e o /
a n u, oo x
. .
- 1 .
1 9 2 TH E E VOL UTI ON OE M AR R I A GE
wait three years ; but after that period let her c h oose a ,
h ai r ,
bearing the name f a constellation of rive r a
or o ,
a ,
Code of M a n n , v pp 1 4 7 , 1 48 3
1 I bid iii p p 5 1 , 5 3
k
. . . . . . .
2 3 7 I bid bo o iii
I bid I bid ix p 90
k
. . . . .
. .
3
4
I bid p 9 3 . . . I bid . bo o iii pp 1 7 1 . .
, 1 72 .
9
3
[bid p 9 4 . . Ibid .
pp . 1 4, 1 5 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y 1 93
I give her .
”4
o f the fut ure hu s band and wife and thinkin g only f rank ,
o
1
C d fM b k iii p
o 9e o I Oid p p 4 an n , oo . . 1 .
3
. .
-
10
2 4
I bid p 7 I bid i pp 1 x
S m r t II i V y t xxx i p 3 5
. . . . . .
5
oU i l e se , st . n v . c es o .
, . . . 2 .
3 7
I d ibid p 3 4 I d ibid p 3 5 1 0
,
t x p 3
. . .
. . . . .
,
'
3 difi a
I d ibid p 3 5 L.
, . . 0 .
-
ett res e n tes , . . . 2 .
1 94 TH E E V O L UTI ON OE M AR RI A G E
.
, as
cloi s tered in the conj ugal ho use the hu s band could at will ,
as ar
,
1 I liad, v iii
3
11 . v 1 1. . Odyssey, xiv .
2
G o gue t, Orzg des L ois , t 11 p I bid i
ll tt nt
. . . . . .
3
C av a o i, L a Sposa dz M enec le ( o es ) p
, . 2 46 .
3
I d ibid p 2 39
. . . .
A ND OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 95
1
r xx
L yc u gus , vi
l trh —
.
2
P u a c , Apophthegm s of the L ac edem on ia ns D em a ndes R om a ines, .
lxv 3
S o o n, v iii l
4
xxx
L yc u gus, vii r xxx
th n a all tt
. .
.
3
D em o s e e s, c f S te p ii in C v . o i, loc c it
. . . .
3
Isaeus, H eritage of M en ec les , 5 9
-
.
1 9 6 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
than the s ed uction f her sex and the love she could inspire o .
p end and
e nc e, lastly the cu p idity of the hu s band and , ,
1
D m th
e Ag i Aph O
os e n es , a ns t o us .
2
Id F Ph m i or I S ori f Py h on .
3 saeus, uc c ess on o rr us
— n i
.
l xxx
.
,
3
4
lVi E hi c.iii 4 E m t i p 4 c s, v S . i 1 . c ono .
, . . . o o , v .
A N D OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 97
o e o s re s a es
I led so happily in the country good s im ple life without a ,
the s econd and the thi r d and the fourth and all those wh
, , , o
woman you give your s elf mi s t r ess and not a wife ; you
, a
reduce you r self to be at the s am time s lave and poor e a
”
o
p p ulation was three time s more dense than that of F ra ce n
at pr esent .
of seven .
2
1 F r i dl a d r M
e m i
n
—
e t pp 5 54
ce urs ro a nes , e tc 191 3
2 1 -2
I d ihid t xx iii pp
. . .
,
.
,
2
.
4 .A i d M l i
. . . 1 -1 . v s e o est on .
A ND OE TH E F A M I L Y . 1 99
We are indeed told in R oman legi s lation that the con s ent
o f the girl wa s nece s sary b efore pa ss ing finally to betrothal
and marriage But it is evident that the con s ent f a child
. o
wife was still s uch a child that the day f her wedding , on o
went t the theatre with the men s hared in ban quet s etc
o , , .
o it ; l o a ans a na ec
ca u a)
s Th wife who wa s th mother f three children
. e e o
1
r l r
F ie d an de , loc c it p 3 5 1
l trh
. . . .
2
P u a c , L yc urgus a nd N um a c ompa red, 4 , 2 .
3
r l r
F ie d ande , loc c it p 3 5 6
'
tn
. . . .
4
S ue o ius , Oc tav ius , xiv l
ltr
.
3
P u a c h , N um a P o mpilius , xv n .
2 00 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
his son in law had been absent for three yea r s It was
~ -
.
1
u u
s s, o r s im ple cohabitation durin g year ; but the wife o ne
could avoid the ti i m um by passin g three ni gh t s
c onven o n an
g e r man T hese
. family tribunals took co gnisance even f o
husbands did not let their legal r i ght f beatin g thei r wive s o
fall into des uet ude for Saint M onica consoled the wives of ,
Pl t
1
S y h au us , t c ns
M M D r y F il n
.
2
(p m )
’
L I li i m p ta e an c e e, ar . u u ,
o , e tc . ass i .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 01
o f lendin g the wife and this exo r bitant ri ght endu r ed till
,
the best days of R ome since the vi r tuous Cato f U tica used, o
it still in lendin g his wife M artia to his friend H ortensi us .
, ,
S ai t A g t i
1
C f i nb k i h i
u us ne, o n ess on s , oo x c . . x
.
2
R . C ubain , L ois c iv iles de R om e, p . 1 79 .
202 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
Cato had t the lea s t s cru ple in receivin g her back with
no
A ti C t of Juli us C esar
n -
a o whic h Plutarch relies b ut it
a , on
has nothing ext rao rdinary f u We know that at fi r st or s .
preceding a ges .
of marriage the ju ,
ubii Th ju ts c on n were at . e s es n oc es
s r ,
come under the paternal power of the fat h er like the child ,
D m gt I
. .
,
2
i od G i en i 6
e , nst tutes e a ns, .
4 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y 2 03
p t t ) i s turned round
o es as Th father himself give s his . e
s ay s to be married b y hi s wife
,
ux i b l m or n a ere n o o c ae
”
( E n . viii F rom
. Senec to Saint Jerom who both a e,
s peak of it the dotal slave i s advantageou s ly re placed by
,
-
1
A s ina ria, v .
70 7 2
-
20 4 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
on R oma world n .
g m
a uo have dif
s, fered little from any others T heir mar .
of the fi r st kiss .
, ,
E very husband can beat his wife when she will not obey
“
S 1
D m im — S i t J r m
e ne c a , eL atr
54 3 7 9 9 a n e o e, etters , 1
t
.
, , ,
.
F r i dl a d r M
2
p 36
’
e n e ce urs , e tc 1 91 3 0
Pl t r h O H
.
, .
, . .
3 d i
u a c , n ero otus , xx .
4
Germ an ia, v iii x .
3
l
L ab o u aye , H is t de la s uc c es des femmes
. . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y -
20
5
o
p p ulation .
1
S um m a Ca rdin alis H ostiens is , lib v , D e A dulteris
Wk
. . .
3
f p 38 1 . . . .
o , , .
then see how hu rtful the infl uence f Christianity has bee
o n
on marriage a d w shall come to the c oncl usion that in
,
n e
A DU LT E R Y .
I .
—Adul tery c o n sidered as a th e ft
A dultery in Gen eral .
l
II I A du tery in B lac h Afri c a — Am o ng th e H o tt ent o t s at the ,
a n na
.
G bo o ,
l
in m idd e Af ic a, in Abyssi i r .
l ty am
.
e
p an o ng the R e ds ins .
n m ad Tart r
o a s, in T ibe h t ,
in C i hn a, in J ap n a , in M l y aa a .
al t a lt r an nt t a n ra
.
P en y o f du e y in c ie E gyp m o g the H eb e s , th e A bs , rw
an d in K by e a l .
Adu e n th e C o de of M an a e an o se e e
t L y urgu s an n s
—
o c o o e o e e e n
p ri m it i R m — L x j u
veli L g a l g a o f th e fat h r —Obe n a e v en e nc e o e e sc e e
stan tine
—Am ng th
.
I . A dultery in G eneral .
o ne o o ,
B ug i ill ; it is that
o a nv the tyranny of man has converted
e
“
O the whole
n u lo g inqui r y has a b undantly proved
, o r n
ro
p p erty of the husband and
“
him only In adultery the obj ect f the larceny the wife o , ,
,
e
p li in
ce the attem p t her husband s p ro p erty in her own
on
’
D id r t S ppl m t t ii
'
1
e o ,V y g d B g i ill i CE
u e en au o a e e ou a n v e, n uv res, . .
p. 24 5 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 209
the latter does not take on it s elf the puni s hment f the o
language ffacts o .
II . . .
con s idered as the pro perty f the men We have s een that o .
if a white man borr owed their wives but they none the les s ,
B wi k D ily L if 1
p 7
on c , a e, e tc .
, . 2 .
2
w
Fis o n an d H o itt, K a m ila roi, e tc .
3
h
D e R o c as , N ouv e lle Ca leaon ie, p
’ ’
. 262 .
2 10 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A GE
n
all time s and in all coun trie s It is worthy f rema rk also . o
that even whe the ad ulterous man i s puni s hed it is s im ply
n ,
over his wife wives and bein g allowed to kill them for
or ,
the smalle s t offence naturally enj oys the same right with a , ,
likes .
4
1
L M o nc elo n R epouse Q i i d S io logie, in B ull
’
.
, an uest on n a re e oc .
d a n th rop , 1 8 8 6 2
L M o nc elo n , loc c it
’
S oc
t xx
. . . . . .
3 r h ll
B u c e , II is t L n iv des Voy , . vi p 47 9
'
. . . . . .
4
lx r ‘
A e an de , E xpedit ion in to the I n terior cy Afric a, v ol . i pp 9 8 ,
. . 1 73 .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y 21 1
bou ght his wife and he cares very littl f the purity of ,
e or
p a r do and
n, sometimes the cha s ti s eme t f adulte r y i s n o
ter r ible At Bornou for exam ple the guilty one s are
.
, ,
two guilty one s are put to death With the S ulim there . o as
i s a singular exception to this Th adulterou s woman . e
me r ely has her head sh ved and s he lo s e s a privilege which a ,
p u r chase money he
-
h a p aid f her A ll the ve geance of s or . n
t h e hus b and falls on the lover and he make s him his ,
sove r eign justiciary can either kill his wife m arry her , , or
to a slave or ut ff her nose according to hi s plea s ure
, c o , .
7
1
D u C h aillu, Afriq ue equatoria le, pp 6 7 , 4 3 5
’
. .
2
R affe n e l, N o uv Voy a ux pays des N egres , t 1 9 1 0 2
p 4
t xx
3
. . . . .
3
h
D e n am an d C lappe rto n , H is t U niv des Voy , v ii
p 43 7
t xx
. . . . . . .
I d , ibid v iii
p 1 06
t
. . . . . .
3
D é m eun ie r, M ceurs des s ’
eren ts P eup les , I er p 2 2 3
k
.
. . .
3
S p e e , Voy to th e S ourc es of th e N ile, p 3 4 3
. . .
7
w h
Bo dic , E nglis h M iss io n to the A s h an tees .
212 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
IV . A dultery in P olynesia .
bands willin gly let out their wives and the intimate friend ,
considered to be me r ited .
2
Dém i 1
l i t p 8 e un e r, oc . c t .
, . 1 61 3
. 21 .
j l f M
2
d i V
o urn a
y f h A lob p 3 6 a rs en , n o o t e s tro a e, 0
C k Hi U i d Vy t x p 3
. . .
3
oo , s t. n v . es o .
, . . . 1 .
AN D OE TH E F A M I L Y . 21 3
and puni s hed was not the ad ulte r y itself but adultery ,
s hort theft
,
.
the queen and in the next to sup ply her hus b and s plac
,
’
e
thi s fact by the s ide f other s as for exam ple the unlimited o , , ,
and believe even that the fairies would kill them if their
wives were unfaithful d ur ing their a bs ence But all th .
3
e
r ,
1
Co o k
H ist Un iv des Voy , xv 11 p 1 2 t
r t
.
, . . . . . .
an c o f , N a tive R ac es , e tc
2
vol i p 8 1
t
. . . . .
3
l
l e R ec us, L es P rim itifs
i 4
D é m e un ie r, loc . . c it. , . I er .
p
. 216 .
3
h
D o m e n e c , Voy pittores ue, e tc , p 5 3 3 q
t
. . . .
3
Ban c ro f , N ativ e R ac es , e tc , v o l i p 5 1 4
t
. . . . .
7 D é m eun ie r, loc c it , I er p 2 1 9
. . .
o
. .
21 4 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
com position wit h the sed uce r H can at will either pardon .
1
e
— as did a M andan h usban d w ho sent t h e wife to h love r er
a ddin g three h o r ses to the present he can put to death
,
2 -
or
the fait h less wi fe and he r accom plice By a ra r e ex e ption . c
hi s w ife .
J1
O D r
.
y Om h. S i l gy p
o se 3 6 4 S m i h i
,
I it i a a oc o o ,
.
, t s o n an ns t ut o n,
188 5
Wk
.
2
l i p 4 8
a e, v o J O D .
y l . i .I d ib
2 id .
3
. . o rs e , oc . c t .
4
.
, .
3
B rf N i R
an c o t, l i p 35 at v e I d ibid p 4 a c es , e tc vo 0 3 12
t
. . .
.
, . . . . .
,
7V g dl T oya f m e a p 3 4 e rre- er e , e tc I er 0
.
. . . .
( Pi ar
z r o ) .
1
B r ft N i R
an c o l p 675 I d ibid
at v e l p 6 74ac es , v o 1 1.
2
vo 1 1.
t p 4 I d ibid t
, . . . .
, . . . .
3 4
Dém i l i e un e r, oc . c
p t 5 I er 22 1 91 22
tt H i C g f M i l 1 p 6
3
. . . . . . .
.
, .
3
Pr esc o , st. on . o ex c o, v o . . . 2 .
3 L Bi L A ég art, 6 8 es z t ues , 1
p
tt H i C g f P
. . .
7 Pr e sc o l 1 p 59
s t. on o e ru, v o
Ban r ft N i
. .
, . . .
3
R
c f h P ifi S
o , a t ve l p 67 3 ac es o t e ac c tates , vo . 11. . .
21 6 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
Whoever the st r ength of his power or credit shall
, on ,
1
T im k o w s k i, H ist Un iv des Voy , . iii p 3 4 1 . . t xxx
. . . .
2
P réjé valsk y, M o ngolia , t I er p 6 9 .
.
. .
3
4
r r
Tu ne , H is t Un iv des Voy , t . i p 437 . . . xxx . . .
3
D av is , Ch in a, vo l 1 p 3 2 2 , e tc . . . .
3
P authie r, Chin e m odern e, p 2 3 9 . .
7
l
S in iba do de M as , C h in e et puis s a n c es c h rc‘
tien n es , t . I er .
p 5 2
. .
AN D OE TH E F A M I L Y 21 7
In Ja pan the law gives the offe ded hu sband the cruel n
in piece s the st ke t ,
a ,
e c .
civili s ed .
1
P authie r, loc p 2 39 c it .
a
. . .
2
Masan a M eda, L a S oc itté japon a ise, in R evue S c ien tejigue, 1 8 7 8
W
.
3
aitz , A n th ropolo y , v o l 1 3 1 5
g p
at n
. . . .
1
[o urn a l o
f f j
um es B raoh, R a ah of S ara w ah, by C p M u d a ,
y .
vo{ 2,
11 .
p .
21 8 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
i t tfi
n c o n s an é T h accom plices even a r e put to deat h
a nc e . e .
.
,
1
Di d o i p 78o rus , B r k h rdt N t t p 84 4
u c a otes , e c 11 .
D t r
. . .
. .
, .
S r
.
2
m y xx ii
eu e o n o i 8 3
o u ate , v
L iti
. .
,
3 i us , x x 2 0 -2 2
ev c . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 21 9
relatives .
3
the village where the fugitive s have taken refuge m ust giv e
her .
7
1
Ko r an , S ou rat xx ie, v. 8 2
I d , ibid iv 19
t L t ur t
. . . . .
3 H an o te au e e o n eu x K abylie, iii 2 09
,
pI d
. . .
4
I d , ibid 1 ii p 1 8 6 ibid p 7 4
t
. . . . . . . . . .
3 9
I d , ibid iii p 2 08 Id , ibid p 1 8 7
t t
. . . . . . . . . .
3 13
I d , ibid ii p 1 8 7 Id , ibid iii p 7 4
t
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7 I d , ibid
. . . iii pp 2 1 2 ,
. . 213 .
2 20 TH E E VOL U TI O N OF M A R R I A G E
no way h inders it .
2
more than s uffice s to show that man still far from bein g ,
no ble— the Ind — E uro pean race s —hav rega r ded thi s fault
o e ,
h is subj ects witho ut any one dari g to find fault with him
,
n .
4
B ut f or
p rivate individuals adultery was an abominable
c r ime ; the m wh had committed it w put to death ;
an o as
t h e woman t reated f cou r se mo r e s everely w tied up
,
o , as
alive in a sack and t hr own into the water .
T h Code
e f M anu give s us very com plete information
o
1
H an o te au e t L e to urn eu , K aby lie, t 1 1 p 1 5 9 x
t
. . . .
2
I d , ibid ii p 1 6 5
t xxx
. . . . . .
3
r
C ha din , H is t Un iv des Voy , i p 25 1
. . . .
“
. . .
4
. r ll
G D o uv i e , Voyage en P erse, t 1 8 13 p 2 5 1 . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 221
“
For adultery with a protected B r ahm nee a V ai s ya lo s es a ,
butter and keeping s ilence let the relative cha rged with ,
woman d en gender
,
an s ingle s on but never s econd o ne , a .
”
1
Code of M an u, v 1 5 4 4
I bid v iii 3 7 9
k
. . . . .
2 3
I bid bo o v iii 3 7 1
. . . I bid . v iii
374
. .
3 3
I bid p 3 7 5 . . . I bid . v iii 3 5 7
. .
222 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR RI A GE
approved and when she had borne child f this gene r ous
, a o
1
Code of M an u, ix 60 , 6 1
t
. .
2
xiv p 3 7 8
’
L ettres edzfi an tes , . . . .
3 l r
P uta c h , Lyc urgus , i xx x .
AND OE TH E F A M I L Y . 223
F u r ther the law p uni s hed with civil degradation the too
,
to the disc r etion f the husband After all s ave for the
o .
5
,
l t
vo en . F amily t r ibunal s continued t exi s t during the o
1
P u l trh a c , S olon , xxx vi .
2 3
Id . S o lon , xl i v.
4
L e go uv é , H is t M ora le des F em rn es , p 1 8 2
. . .
3
r
M en a d, M orale a v a n t les P hilos op hes , p 303
k
. .
3
L ec y, H is t of E uropean M ora ls , v o l 1 p 3 1 2
Wk
. . . . .
a e , E v olution of M o ra lity , v o l ii
7
p 85 . . . .
2 24 TH E E VOL UTI ON OE M A R R I A G E
. a
and public O pinion a utho r ised the husband to fleece the
su rprised love r and thus torture co uld be made a mean s of
,
extortin g money fr om h im .
p t t
o es as still and the crime mu s t have been committed in
,
f g
la t
ra n ed li t By deg r ees
e t h e
c ocustoms
. became in time
so free and so tole rant that Septi m us Severus havin g enacted ,
1
I n s titutes , iv tit 1 8
t
. . .
2
F rie dlan de r, M oeurs R om a in es , e tc .
,
. 1 9 13 p 367
. .
A ND OE TH E F A MI L Y 2 25
and thi s fact proves with many other s the original equality , ,
both s exes .
could have her jud ged by the council f the t r ibe and o ,
S r t 1
Hi t E loc lib p x iii
a es , s . c c es .
, . v. , c a . v .
F r i dl a d r
2
M p 367
'
t e n e e c azurs , t . I e r.
Kl pr th d G am ba H i U i d Vy t
. .
, .
3 a o anl p 435 , st . n v . es o .
, . x v. . .
22 6 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF MA R R I A GE
Th p enalties
e en d ed by becomin g entirely p ec unia r y ,
. e o ,
and the thirty fi fth s ection of the R i pua r ian law both inflict
-
,
T h la w s of Kin g John
e of Charles l Bel e
Kl pr th
1
d G am b
a Hi o U i d V y t l p 44 8
an a, st . n v . es o .
, . xv . . .
2
D es m az e , Curios ites,
’
e tc .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y 22 7
forgotten .
-
an d the ch s tisement falling chie fl y
a the wom n a s being on a
fr om u cu s toms and u l w s
o r o r a .
or
dissimulated adultery but the other hand it will no
, ,
on ,
RE U D I T I ON
P A AN D D I VOR C E .
I . I n S avage Co un tries .
—The right r
o f e udia
p ti on in Ne w Ca e do n i l a ,
am o ng th e Ho tt t t
en o s , th e Bo ngo s, th e S o ulim as , th e F n is, at th e
As ha t —D i r n ees l
in P o yn es ia Th e igh o f e pudia io n in Am e ic a
vo c e — r t r t r .
at —R
.
H aiti e n q
fi r of th e Djebe lT - a
gg ale e pudiatio n am o ng th e
Be do uins r g —R pudi ti n am g th K byl —Th
an d th e To ua e s e a o on e a es e
pr t d Ka b l
ev e n e
y w m — ”
Th i urg t K byl w me o an e
“
ns en
”
a e o an
R pudiat i
e am g th Ar b —D i r am g th Ar b —Obl ig t ry
on on e a s vo c e on e a s a o
di r —R pudiat i n
vo c e u t
e 1 irgi ity D i r o by m ut ual
o n ac c o n 0 n o n -v n - vo c e
n t i P ru d Thib t —R pudi ti m g th M g l
,
co s en n e an e e a on a on e on o s
R pudiat i
e i Ch i —O bl ig t ry di r
on n i Ch i —R pudi ti
na i a o vo c e n na e a on n
a i t I di —R pudi ti m g th H br w —R pudi ti i
nc e n n a e a on a on e e e s e a on n
Gr —E l uti
eec e f r pudi t i
vo d di r on i i t R m
o e a on an vo ce n an c en o e
i th M iddl Ag
n e e es.
I . I n S a v age C o untries .
e o on
he s itate to send away the wive s f whom they are tired and o ,
also every ri ght without exce ptio over the wive s they hav
,
n, e
p reviou s ly s ee the s am cu
n,s tom i s o bs erved among the e
’
d a nth rop 1 8 8 6
a t xx x
. .
,
2
ll
C m pbe , H ist Un iv des Voy , i p 3 43
t xx
. . . . . . .
3
h ll
B urc e , ibid vi
p 47 9
hw n th
. . . . .
4
Sc ei f
ur , The H eart of Afric a , v o l 11 p 2 7
a t xx
. . . .
3
L in g, H ist Un iv des Voy ,
. v iii
p 1.0 7 . . . . .
2 30 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
return it is the second mar riage which holds good only all
, ,
the children that are his become the prope r ty f the first o
his autho r isation the wife deserte d the conj ugal but to
follow a lover the h us band watched fo r her and administered
,
the reci procal right exists al s o Thi s fact see m s even less .
the classic land of the mat r ia rchate man neve r thele s s enj oys ,
Br di C r ik h a k Th G ld C
1
o e u s n e o oas t.
U i d V y t xx iii p 4 5
,
B di h H i
2
ow c st n v es o v 2
M R dig t D
. . . . .
, . .
,
3 i S
. a g p 79
ue , ern ers auv a es , . 1 .
844
4 ’
R d lO i
ev ue e r en t , 1
t p6
.
M 3
h Vy
o e ren il o ut, o . a ux es , e tc .
, . 11 . . 2 .
3
Freyc in e t, H ist Un iv des Voy . . .
, t . x v iii.
p 8 2
. .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 231
G uate m ala the wife and hus b and could pa r t at w ill and on
1 r t
Ban c o f , Zoe c it , v o l i p 8 1 . . . . . .
2
Be n io usk i, H ist Un iv aes Voy , t
’
xxx i p 4 10
th tt t
. . . . . . .
3
. . r
l O D o s ey, Ow e /t a S oc iology , S m i s o n ian I ns i u io n, 1 8 8 5 .
r
_
4
L M o gan , A n c ie n t S oc ieties 6 Id ibid p 5 1 2
r t
. .
.
, .
. .
7 Id
, ibid v o
5
B an c o f , loo c it , v o l i p 4 1 2 l ii p 6 7 2
t
. . . . . . . . . . . .
8
.
’
A d O rbigny, L lz om m e A m é ric a in ,
'
. 11 p 2 1
. . I .
9
I d , Voy p it /on , e tc
. .
p 5 11 . . .
232 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
there are no more fixed rule s for divo r ce than for marr iage
in sava ge societie s But a s the w ife i s more ofte bou gh t .
,
n
or captured it i s quite natu r al that he r o w ne r should send
,
ti
o ns h ip a r e well defined between the members of her and
her t r ibe her g who then think themselve s bound to
, or en s,
II . D ivorc e a na
’
R ep uaia tion
’
a m ong B a rba rous P eoples .
1
B r ft l i
anc l i p
o 7
,
[d an
oc . c l p 6 t .
,
vo . . . 11 .
3
4
.
, . vo . 11. . 2 1 .
2
l i p 4 l a ibi l i p 5
’
I a ibid vo 2 1. a . vo 11
t p 34 ,
. . . . . . . . .
, .
5 L y al T
o f . a erre n e, e tc
err .
, . 1 61 3 . 0 .
6
D b i h if A A
o r tz f l A bip
o fP g y
e r, l p 97 n c c oun t o t ze on es o a ra ua vo 11 .
V y t xx iii p 3 6 5
, . . .
7 Br
’
Hi U i
uc e , st
. n v . aes o .
, . . . .
‘
3
D A bba die, D ouz e 1 00, 1 28 .
’
dans la lz a ute E t/z z op ie, pp
'
an s .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2
33
s epa r ate le s s often tha n the latter are divorced and have ,
ating her called noisily together all his male relative s who
, , ,
after a feast all had intimacy w ith the b arren wife If thi s
, .
1
A i B ant M i g d
'
nn e i es it i, it / l b
a rr a e, as t w as , as s, a n as s z ou a e.
2
D upré , Trois M ois
a M adagas c ar, p 1 5 3 . .
3
D C uny, journ al a o Voyage a S iant et a E l 0béict,
’
en 1 8 7 8
.
5 5 .
234 TH E E VOL U TI ON O F MARR I A GE
p u di
a ti
o ns renders ma rr iage nea rly illuso r y Ac o r ding . c
of thee .
” 3
are most rigid ; neithe r liberty libe r tinage exist for the no r
the exchan ge of wives and the husband who s e w ife has fled ,
to have the p r ice Still the Kabyle husband has pr ese r ved
.
4
,
with o ut re s triction .
B r k h r dt l
1
u c i a , oc . c t .
D 2
y r i r l
uv e i p 4 9
e oc c t 2
t
. . .
, .
3
l Vy N eg
’
R ff a enepy o p 355 an a s aes res , l er
Ha t a t L t r x K byli t ii p 64
. .
. . .
,
4
no e ue e o u n eu ,
a e, . . . 1 .
AND OF TH E F A M JL Y .
35
a enz
y a and with
a, the con s ent of the father i law take back -
n- ,
Kabyle husband has the power to send his wife b ack to her
family with the con s ent fthe said family If the husband
,
o .
Ha t 1
t L t rn x R éyli t ii p 78 '
no e au e e ou eu a e, 1
[d ibid t ii p
. . . .
,
2
77 1
I a ibi t ii p I a ibid t
.
, . . . . .
3 ’
4
77 u
.
,
a. .
p 79 . . 1 . .
,
. . . . 1 .
2
36 TH E E VO L UTI ON OF M AR R I A GE
the wife back to her family after having shaved her head ; ,
band
,
}
last that a man must apply to marry her ; but the new
mar r i ge cannot be concluded until after the payment to
a
tl az /l
nz a n price f the fi rs t acquisition
z, o r G enerally too O .
, ,
the prove r bial libe rality of the Be rbe r s in conj ugal m atters .
3 5
ibid t ii p
’
I a. 9 . . . . 1 . .
, . . . . 1 0 .
I d , ibid t ii p
. . . . . 1
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 23 7
Koran .
provided for her d that the hu s band sho uld not kee p th
,
an e
1
Ha t t L t rn x K byli t n p 8 [d ibi
'
n o e au e e ou eu a e, 1 2 a.
[a ibi t ii p K ran n
. .
, . . .
,
3 4
8
'
.
,
a. . . .
9 13 0 . o , . 22 ,
2 0 .
238 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R JA G E
dower she brou ght with her ; that the h usband sho uld have 1
default the next hei r s hould s upply her needs d ur ing the
, ,
to take back the re pudiated wife until she has been m a rr ied
to another and then r e pudiated left a w ido w ; lastly
, or ,
force f law with unenli ghtened races can be set aside and
o , ,
child ,
t h e cont rary can be re pudiated b ut she has a
on , ,
1
Ko r an , n . 2 29. 3
I bia 1 1 2 3 3
’
.
5
. .
2
l é ia ii 2 2 6, 2 4 2 4 l ia’ ii 2 2 8
b l aid iv
'
. . . . . . . . 1 27 .
8 Id
, ibid 1 7 4
7 I a , ibid p 1 7 8
. . . . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y: 2 39
p a r en t s ,
when he has
or co rr ected her with excessive
b r utality Then the divorced w ife goes a w ay taking her
.
2
,
p ractice even theoc r atic le gis lation s which are the most ,
fero ity they have inte r dicted certain absol utely terribl
c , e
a b us es f force b ut they have only re placed the s b y
o , e a
1
M eynie r, Etudes
’
s ur l I s lam is m e .
2 ’
I a , ibia p 1 7 4
t xxxi
. . . .
3 h
Niebu r, H ist Un iv des Voy . . .
, . .
p 3 30
. .
24 0 TH E E VOL UT] ON OF M AR RI A GE
marr ied pair had the power f sepa ratin g by mutual accord o .
allo w ed to break the co j ugal tie the cou ple were obli ge d n ,
divo r ce .
advance d in o rganisation .
g ivin g the least r eason ; he sim ply lose s the oxen shee p , ,
Pr tt C q f P
1
esc o , on uest o eru .
Ia C q 2
fM i l i p 8 on uest o ex c o, v o 2
V y t xxx i p 4 37
. .
, . . .
T r r Hi 3
U i
’
u ne , s t. n v . aes o .
, . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L K 24 1
O f it
A C hine s e husband can repudiate his wife for adultery ,
the hus b and repudiate s his wife all the s ame he become s ,
H Vy d 1
l T i t
ue , p 3 o . a ns a artar e, . 1613 . 01 .
2
P authie r, Cnin e M oaern e p
’
, . 2 39 .
24 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
bear w ith the ave r sion of his w i fe ; but after a year if she ,
continues to hate him let him take what she possesses only , ,
giving her enou gh to clothe and feed her and let him cease ,
to cohabit wit h h e r .
” 2
wife even when she has been left without resources She
,
.
1 Code of M am e, ix 80 8 1
p p
. . .
,
2
I oz zi p 7 7 l bid p 8 3
’
. . .
. . .
AN D OF TH E F A M N y , . 243
divorce in her hand and may not take her again eit h er if
, ,
repudiation s were fre quent and they would hav bee more , e n
D t r1
m y h xx i
eu e o no c v . v er. 1, 2
M l m l ( th ird p rt )
, . .
'
sc a i a
A W il L F
.
3
m j i p i
e a er
n e u v e, as s r
n
L i t ii p 6
.
, .
G g
’
O ig o uet, r . aes o s, . . . 1.
2 44 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A F F LA GE
p l t
e e ly than in G r eece In pr imitive R ome w see at . e
fi r st as u sual the ri ght f re pudiation allowed to t h e
, , o
husband and forbidden to the w ife R om ul us says .
“
,
”
( Oon a g ti ) wa
ra s introd ‘
u
czced in s p ite f the censors ; and o
of the terms which usage acco rded for the re s tit ution of the
dowr y In the last stage of the law the guilty hu s band lost
.
1
D m th e osAg i Apl b
en e s . I d Ag i
a n st N io us 2
a ns t eera .
F 3 ( q t d by Ca all tt i)
. .
,
3 E ripid u M l ipp es , e an us , r 1 uo e v o
L ky H i
. .
ec f E p Ms t. o l t l ii
uro ean
p 8 7 ora s , e c vo 2
P l ut r h D m
. .
. . .
,
5
R m l xxx R m i i 6 ’
o u us , v. a c ,
e a naes o a n es, x v .
( Un iv ers pittoresq
8 I bia p 4 8 8
’
7 I talie anc ien ne ue) , p 4 8 7 . . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 24
5
for the wo m an a s the man which i s sim ply just ; but thi s ,
1 2
I talie a nc ien ne, p 48 8 R C ubain, L ois Civ iles de R ome, p 1 8 3
k
. . . . .
8 5
I talie an c ien ne , p 48 7 L e c y, loc c it , p 3 5 2 I a , ibia’
n xx
. . . . . . . .
S ess io iv , c an 1 7 . . .
2 46 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A F F LA G E
cu s toms which m ake the wife the s lave and not the
, ,
wife such and s uch a one s eein g that discord trouble s their
, ,
p ound .
”
the parent s which im plies the liberty to marry gain for the
,
a
ori ginal re pudiate his family and leave it after a decla r ation
, , ,
c t
1 d l Ci il F
R mb d H i
a au st
p 7 e a v ra n 1913 10
P r fa
. . .
, .
, .
2
B A b i d J b i ill Hi i p im i f Si H
’
r o s e u a nv e, e ce to s t. ns t . r t
. o r .
M i
a ne
G am ba H i Vy t
.
3
K l pr h a ot U i l
et l p 43 5
, s t. n v . c es o .
, . x v. . .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 24
7
p ermitted Th Church
. alway s a sseuming to b e immutable , ,
e o ne n
"
O u va r iou s researches
r the s ubject of divorce have led on
exce ption s by the com plete s lavery f the latter and her
, o ,
M Bl k E 1
p P
. li ig t S
oci l p ,
6 uro e o t ue e oc a e, . 21 .
24 8 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R RI A G E .
W I DO WH OOD AN D TH E L E V I R AT E .
e o co s e e as o e t e o e o s an t e
G b na —\Vid w h d i K ra k at K
oo e tc d i M da o oo n ou n o, aarta, an n a
— —
,
n
.
g r
as ea T h w i f Q R le W id wh d m
v es o g h R d uee an av a o o oo a on t e e
sk i —S ifi
ns d m t il at i n
ac r f wid w c es an u o s o o s
i —Wid wh d i Bh
.
I I Wi
’
l i B b
’
C
a o w z ooa n ar a rous ou n tr es . o oo n o o tan
o a c T f
o fi i h w id w oo o oo n na ra c n t e o
G l ifi i f Wid wh d—S i id
or c at o n f w id w —Wid wh d
o o oo uc es o o s o oo
i
n I di — D t i n f wid w —S
a —Wid wh d i I l m it
u es o o s uttees o oo n s a e
to h w id w i
t e h Bibl —Wid wh d i Kabyl i —Th
o n l ping
t e e o oo n a e s ee
f t — Wid wh d i
oe us a i nt R m —O pini n f h Chri tia
o oo n nc e o e o o t e s n
i h M iddl Ag
n t e e es.
I II Tb L i .
—Th l irat i M l an ia am ng th R d k i
e ev rate. e ev e n e es , o e e s ns ,
th O ti k
e h Ki ghi
s h Afgh a
a s, i th C d
t e f Ma am g r s, t e ns , n e o e o n u, on
th e H e b rw e s.
IV . S um m a ry .
o ,
clothes and join the festival like b ride s Th heir had the . e
dan e c Th
. wives danced But what dances " Th
“
e . e
1
Bu c r h ll e H ist Un iv a es
’
Voy t xx v i. p 32 1 .
—Th o m pso n , ibid ,
t xxix
. . .
, . . .
,
. .
p . 1 63 .
father it i s thu s in Y ib
: Sometime s they s old arr a
?
are
s im ply if they have h d no children by the deceased hu s
,
a
band In K ouranko widow s have a milder fate They
?
, .
are numerou s ; for as youn g girls they have gene r ally been , ,
R l w
an av a o b u d to kee p by the title f w i
as o all her
n , o ves,
h usban d s widows Then in a g r eat council held after her
’
.
,
lovers at her will and that all the children b orn f the s e
, o
fu gitive unions should be considered a s the legitimate p os
t ity of R d m
er By thi s i genious mea s ure ll wa s
a a a
5
n a c on
, o ,
1
C lappe rto n , S ec ond Voy age, p 9 0 . .
2
I a , ibia p 1 5 6
’
t xx
. . . .
3 ’
L ain g, H is t Un iv aes Voy , v iii
p 71
t
. . . . . . .
4
R affen e l, N ouv ea u Voy age o u P ays des N egros , . I er .
p 38 9
r
. .
5
D up e, Tro is M ois a M adagasc ar, p 1 2 4 . .
252 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
w as much lon ger from four to s even yea r s for the man and
,
B r ft N i R
an c of P ifi , t l i p 73
at v e ac es o ac c, e c .
, vo . . . 1 .
I d ibid l 1 p 77 vo 2
r ft l i p 7 3
. . . . . .
,
B an c o oc . c t 1
t
. .
, , .
Dfi
’
D m e i E p i e un e r, P pl p 44
s r t aes z ren ts
’
eu es , I er 2
r ft l i p 7 7
.
. . .
B an c o ,
oc . c t .
, . 2 .
h
D o m enec , Voyage P ittores ue, e tc , p 5 1 6 q . . .
r
Ban c o ft, N ativ e R ac es , e tc , v o l i p 2 7 7 . . . .
. r
O D o s ey, Gin a/t a S oc iology, in S m itlc son ia n R eports , p . 2 67
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 25 3
w ith plea s ant com pany in the country beyond the tomb f ,
o
son and the princi pal per s ona ge s of the kingdom All .
1
O Do r se y, loc c it.
t
. .
2
M o e re nh aut, Voy p . a ux ties , e tc .
, . 1 1. . 187 .
3
C lappe rto n , S ec on a Voyage, v o l 1 p 9 4
’
an r t xxx
. . . .
4
R and
. L J
de , H ist Un iv des Voy ,
. . . . . .
p 54
. .
25 4 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
grie f A t N uk h i
. Po r ter saw a widow the fune r al
o a va ,
wo unds still fre s h on her neck brea s t and arm prostit ute , , s,
herself to A merican sailors ?
II Wid w / i E O u C u t i
. o z ooa
’
n a r a ro s o n r es .
P rt r H i Vy t
1 ’
o U i
e st.i p 33 n v a es o xv 1
by a H i d th r R
. . . .
, . .
,
2
Vy g B
o a e da aota n ,B i ig n oo au o , ev ue r ttan ue,
1 824 .
M o rc ro ft an d Trebe c k 1 p 3 20
’
3 s Trav els , v o l. . . .
AND OF TII E F A M I L Y? 25 5
hood doe s not even set her free for s he re presents a value ,
whi h the relatives f the hus b and inherit and which they
c o ,
widows .
L 1
elifi t x iii pp 349 3 5 3
ettres c a n tes ,
D l ittl
. . .
.
,
2
S i l L if f M C/ i
oo p 78
e, oc a e o e z n ese, . .
256 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
1
S iniba l do de Mas , C /z ine et C/z retien n es , t
les P uissanc es 19h p 55
t
. . .
-
After having accompli s hed thus with consecrated fi r es th
“
e
funeral ceremony of a wife wh ha s died let him cont r act a o ,
T h obli gation
e t to marry again and e s pecially that f
no , o
,
or o ,
f M a n u, ix 6 4
2
1 6 7 , 1 68
’
1
Code o . . I bia v . . .
3
I bid
. v. 1 5 6, 1 5 7 , 1 6 1 , 1 68 .
2
5 8 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A F F LA G E
g r ave A t that
?
date and in that p art of the count r y , ,
Di d b k i p 34
1
o o rus , oo x x
t x iii pp 3 8
. . .
2
L idifi ettres an tes , . . . 2 ,
2 .
3 ’
I bia p 32
’
I bia p 30 . . . . . .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y: 2
59
states that hi s law need not have any retros pective e ffect
L t t h at remain roceeds the s ame verse which has
“ ” “
e p , ,
1
L ettres ea
’ ’
ifia ntes , t . x iii p 27 .
r
. .
2
Ko an , iv 2 6 . .
2
I bici iv . . 14 .
2 60 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R IA G E
, ,
ten days ; and if the woman is with c h ild the delay m ust
10
,
1
L e v itic us , xxu 1 3 . .
2
D e te
u r
o n o m y , v i 1 2
3
xx
L e v itic us , m m 1 3
. . . .
. lh
M E p in s to n e , P ic ture of tbe It ingdom of Ca bul, v o l 1 p
'
. . . 1 68 .
5
H an o te au an d L e to u n e u , K a in/lie, p 1 5 6 r x
t t
. .
9
5
I d , ibia ii p 1 5 6 I a , ibid iii p 7 7
'
t
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7 I d , ibia 1 ii p 1 5 8
’ 1°
Ko an , ii p 2 34 r
t
. . . . . . . . . .
8
I a , ibid
. . ii p 1 5 7
. . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 26 1
ma r ried w as part f the pate r nal pat r imony ; that the dying
, o
had taken the w idow and late r for t h e ma rr ied woman also
,
re - ,
T h L g juli and P p i F pp
e e es a encouraged second a a o cea
I titut
ns o r dained t h at when the wido w was p oo r and
es
H 1
—
d
a n o te au an t p 74 . 11 . . 1 .
Id p 2
E M y i
’
75 1 E d l I l mi m p 75
e n e r, tu es s u r s a s e, 1
D m gt I
. . . . . .
3
o i end G i e
p, 3 3 6 n st t utes e a us, . .
262 TH E E VO L U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
rez
pu w hich wa s double the m u diu or price f the fi rs t
s, n nz o
s h all not marry a gain without the con s ent of h e r son ( sectio n
ancient R ome and G r eece etc We can only att r ibute this
, , .
still to rule over and possess his wife fro m beyond t h e tomb ,
1
I ta lie a n c ien ne, p 4 8 8
k
. .
2
L e c y, loc c it , v o l ii pp 3 2 1 , 3 2 4
. . . . . .
3
r l
G i aud-Te u o n, Orig du M ariage, e tc . .
p 336
. .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 63
III — T/ . ze L evira te .
tho ught pec uliar to the H ebrews is very w idely spread and , ,
I will enume rate s ome of the peo ples who p r actise the
levi r ate be ginning a s usual with the inferio r r aces
, .
becomin g a widow ?
1
B r ft N i R
an c o l p 67
at v e ac es , v o 11. 1
Ca r m R i b i /
.
, . .
2
st e , dB ief d j /
e se er c z te 845 8 5 3 p 5 6
un r e a us en a i ren , 1 -
1 , . .
5 M ac L e n n an , p 1 5 8 . .
4
. l h
M E p in s to ne , P ic ture of tlz e [( ingdofn of Ca bul, v o l. 1 p
. . 1 68 .
5
Code of M a n n , ix 6 9 . .
2 64 TH E E V OL U TI O LV OF M ARR IA G E
blotted ut of Is rael
o T h H eb r e w levi r ate was there fo r e
.
”3
e
the levi rate was rathe r a mo r al than a legal obli gation ; the
brother i — -
law cou ld even refuse it ; but in r e fusi g b
n n ,
e
, ,
1
2
Codg q a n u, lx ,
70 ,
3
1
‘
tr
D e u e o n o m y, X X V 5 , 6 . .
IV . Co nc lus io ns .
Et/z iopie
’
1
A d Ab badie , D o uz e y da n s la Iz a ute
'
The disa ppea r ance o f o n e of the men with whom she lived
in intimate relation s made no great change in he r position .
w ives are pr ivate pro perty T h eir master has nearly always .
like thin gs ; they follo w the fate of the goods an d pass into ,
r
p p o erty and sometimes
, the er
p p etuation of the name .
TH E F MI LI L L N
A A C A IN AUS T RAL I A AN D AM ER I CA .
c o a v
. a c a o
d w ll i g —R igh t
e n s t x gam y f h lan—C l
s a nd f h du ies —E o o t e c an s o t e
P bl —Th f m il y am g h
ue I di f S h Am ri a—R l on t n an s o ut
—
os e a e o e c e a
ti hip a m
o ns g h R d k i —
on C m m i m tMa r l fi li i
e e s ns o un s te n a at o n
D i t in t i n b t w n h m tr i r h at
s c o e d h m at rn l fam il y—O rigin
ee t e a a c e an t e e a
of h id
t e f l at i n hip
eas o re o s .
I . l e F a m ily .
ing the facts that have b een ob s erved and then usin g thes , e
facts a s a touchstone to try the s olidity f the variou s o
A mong the s e theories there are som which have been very , e
t di ti
ra c mate r nal love has su r vived the at r o ph y f the
o n, o
bet w een the tribe of the woman and that of the ravisher .
,
o
do ?
Wit h the c h im pan ees the s e ho r des can eve r become very
z n
large for the male progenitor will t end ure r ivals and
,
no ,
, o
L bb k O ig C i il p 9
1
u oc , r . v .
, . .
2 72 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
least moral scru ple about ince s t but becau s e within the , ,
should bea r her name and not that f their fat h er which o , ,
s ub tribe a g
-
, clan ; for the h o rde s becoming too
en s or ,
ean c e .
unive r sal rule and in m any tribes the children now belong
,
have o rganised their mar r iage and their family into classes ,
1
L ang, A bo rigines of A ustralia E y e , D isc ov eries in Cen tra l .
— r
A ustra lia , v o l 1 1 p 3 8 5 . . . .
2 ’
G rey s journ a l, v o l 1 1 c h 1 1 . . . .
3
lr
Ty o , R esea rc lzes in E a rly H istory of M a n k in d, v o l i c h ix . . . .
1
‘
r l r
G i aud-Teu o n , p e e , Origin e de la F am ille, p 4 4 . .
5
F olklore, etc , of th e A ust ralian A borigin es ( Ade aide , pp 2 8 , l
— w tt
. .
5 0 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 6 5 , 6 7 , 8 7 ,
8 9 , 9 2 , 9 3 F is o n an d H o i ,
K am ilaroi a n d .
~
K ur na i, 2 1 5 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 71
into two sub t r ibes and within each f the s e clans all the
-
,
o
men are re puted brothers and all the women are s isters , ,
o f it is an act f the dee pest guilt w hich not only s tain s the
o ,
ot hers O the other hand within the limit f the clan all
. n , o
the men and all the wome call each other brother s and
,
n
s isters and are bo und to res pect each other In unitin g
, .
Fi d H w itt K m il
1 '
i dI
s o n an i 5 o ,
a a ro an furn a , 0 .
2 5
I d , ibid
. . I d , ibid
. .
272 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R IA GE
w ith the men f the other sub tribe havin g conj u gal r i ght
o -
ca pto r are not symmet r ical that is to say h ave not co rre ,
s p d i
on g lan s then
n the woman
c may become
-
the fo un der
o f a new lan belon ging to the tribe f the man w h o has
c o
carr ied h e r ff o
?
Fi1
dH i t K m il
so n an i dK i p p 6 5 66
ow t a a ro an urn a
d H w i t q t d by G ir d T l
. .
, , ,
Fi2
so n an fil i
o O gi t ,
uo e au - e u o n, s, n ri n es
dn M ariage et de la F a m ille, p . 1 20 .
AND OF TH E F A M JL Y . 2 73
r ve ,
T h term s s till in u
e with them to desi gnate kins hi p se
When all is concl uded and the fu gitive cou ple reinstate d ,
1
Fi d H w it
so n q t d by G ir d T l
an o fil
t, i O igi
uo e au -
eu o n, s, n r n es
du Mariage et de la F a m ille, pp 8 6 88
. .
- .
2 74 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF AI A R R I A G E
Fi1
d H witt l
s o n ani p I d ibid
o , oc . c t.
, . 2 00 .
2
.
, .
3
r
G i aud-Te u o n , loc c it l . .
, p 4 47
. .
4
G iraud-Te u o n, fi ls , loc l . c it , p 4 4 6
. . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 75
Cha rlevoix tells us were divided into three clans the wol f , ,
t m iti
re by a door traver s ed its entire length T the
es , . o
twenty ?
duties When a man died any per s onal obj ects he mi ght
.
,
2 [bid v p 39 3
— h tan t
. . . .
2 . r
L M o gan , A n c ien t S oc ieties, p 7 0 La on . .
, Voy .
, e tc . . 11.
pp . 1 04 , 1 8 3 .
276 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
and h ave a mut ual duty to help and to aven ge each othe r .
common ?
only to his w clan but to all the clans f the same name
o n , o
in t h e five othe r t r ibes of the I r oquois O the other hand . n ,
mother .
,
c
wit h in hi s own clan because all the women of this clan are ,
1
. r
L M o gan , A n c ient S oc ieti es pp 5 2 8 5 3 1
3
'
, . .
2
I d ’, ibid pp 7 0, 7 1
. . Id , . . i bi d. p 97 . .
4
L . Mo rg loc c it p 5 1 3
an , . . .
5
N otes on r
Me 7 in n elz , H a dis ty, in S m it/i son z an R eports , 1 8 66.
A ND OF TH E F A M JL V 277
s av a e o n es
1
O m aha S oc iology, p 2 5 5 , in S m ithson ian R eports , 1 8 8 5
.
r
.
2
L M o gan , A n c ien t S oc ieties, p 1 7 8 5 I
d , i bid p 5 3 5
r t
. . . . . . .
4
Banc o f , N a tiv e R ac es , e tc , v o l ii p 66 5 . . . . .
5
I d ibid v o l ii p 66 5
. . . .
5
I d , ibid v o l 1 1 pp 2 5 1 , 6 6 6
. . . . . . . .
278 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A GE
2
. r 4
l
A G i a ud-Te u o n , fils, Orig da M a riage, e tc , p . . . 191 .
3
I d , ibid p 1 8 6
. . . I d , ibid p 1 7 7. . . . .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 79
to its aid ?
o f the si s ter who succeeds and in defa ult f him the next ,
o
family and cabin of the mother and not at all as belon ging ,
so wit h out cons ulting the intere s ted partie s When the .
1 A G ira d T l
. O ig d M i g p u 85-
e u o n, r . u a r a e, . 1 .
2 C h rl ix H i
a d l N ll F
ev o
p 39 5 st e a ouv e e ra n c e, 1 v.
t
, . . . .
3 L fi a M d S
tau, g Am i i p 69
ceurs es a uv a es
’
er c a n s , 191 e tc
I d ibid t ii pp
3
. . .
,
4 .
, 5 68 . . . . 2 2, 2 .
5
L M o rgan , A n c ie n t S oc ieties , p 4 5 4
. . .
280 TH E E V OL U TI O N OF M A R R I A G E
de pended on t h em ” 2
J1 w. D r y OO
m h S i l
en gy o se , a a oc o o , p
. 26 1, in S m iths on ia n
R p t 885
e or s , 1 .
L M rg
2
A i t S i tio p 45 5 an , n c en oc e es , . .
W w ll W
.
J P y d t G . m t o e ,
an o o v ern en ,
in S m ith son ia n R eports ,
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y: 281
L astly amon g the R edskins the mat r ons had the right
,
, a .
1
C h rl ix l a iev ot i pp 7 7 7 9
, oc . c t .
, . v . . 1 -1 .
2
L M rg A i o S i i an ,p 6 9 n c en t oc et es , 1
ix t
. . .
3 C h rl a pp 3 9 7 4
e vo ,
I d ibid
. v. i p 7 .
- 21.
4
.
, .
, 1
. v . . 1 2 .
28 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
T h us with t h e S li h
, the cabins containing the
e sc e s,
T h ese custom s and the mar r ia ges by tud have led s e rv1 e
s everal observers to att ribute to t h e women a considerable
.
the exi s tence f the t r ibes de pen ded we r e the chase and
o ,
1
L bb k O i
u oc C i il p
, r g5 . v .
, . 1 2 .
p pre are s the s kins and the furs gathers the wild rice di gs , , ,
the Sioux cut off the noses f their unfaithful wives and o
A ust r alians .
they are young A fter that pe r iod they no lon ger recognise
.
M wh
an, has ce r tainly begun hi s existence in the same
o
1
h
D o m ene c , loc c it , pp 3 38 , 4 2 5 , 4 6 7
t
. . . .
2
h l x
C ar e v o i , journ a l, e tc , vi
p 39
t t
. . . . .
3 I d , ibid , 4
. v p 2 7
. 1 . . Id , ibid ,
. vi
.
p 44 . . . . . .
5
M a urs des S auv ages , 1 1 2 6 6 ; iii 5 6 , 6 9 , 7 0 , 7 2 , 7 6, 9 2 , 9 7 , 9 8 ,
. .
1 20 .
5
Ibid , 1 . . 11 .
pp . 2 74, 2 7 5 .
284 TH E E VOL U TI ON O F M A R R I A G E .
p rimitive g r o u p s no distinctio
,
h at fi r st b en ma dne as e
b tween real and fictitio us kinship All the men f the
e . o
same clan have been b r othe r s all the women have been ,
dist r ibuted amon gst the men ; they fo r med families whic h
were often sin gular ones and of which I shall h ave to s peak
,
to study .
C H AP TE R XV II .
TH E F MI LI L L N
A A C A AN D I TS EVO LU T I ON .
O m ah a —Th f m il y a m g th I r q th O m ha
. .
s u i S e a t on e o o s- en e c as , e a s, e c .
Ri se d l uti n f m a ul i fili ti i Am ri —E x g m y d
an evo o o sc ne a on n e ca o a an
e n do gam y.
I II The
i F am ily — Rar ity f
n P olyn es ia . —M aternal fi lia tio n o
e o a a a an a e e e s o s e a e
I V Th F m ily m g th M g l
e a F a m il i l x g m y am g
a on e on o s. - a e o a on
— n — t a
.
th Me g l K i h i
on
p by l
o s E l u i n f k i h
s ip by l c ass e s vo o o ns c sse s.
V Th Cl . d t h F m ily —
e Th E ur p an fa m il y h
an a n t b n
e a e o e as n o ee
th e ce e o so c e es e ve c an .
very easily c exist with the former and may even be the
o ,
told amon g the Ca r ibs to such a degree that the wive s did
,
1
“
Th woman bea r s the clan
e say the Wyandot Indians? ,
”
was not f the s ame clan as h is wife and sometimes did not
o ,
1
M ac L e n n an P rim it iv e M a rriage p 7 1
ln
. .
, ,
2
A Gi . r aud-Te u o , loc c it p 1 7 0
.
-1
72 . . .
3
Po e w ll ,
R eports of S m ithson ian I n s titution , 1 88 1 .
AND OF TH E FAM IL Y . 287
fi li ti
a which determines the kinshi p W h at is this kin
on .
Senecas the direct line both ascen ding and descen din g is
, , ,
1
O w n D r y Om h S i l gy p
e o se 5 i R p
, f Smi h i
a a oc o o , . 2 2, n e orts o t s on an
, . n
the contra ry the sons and da ughter s of a woman s broth r
,
’
e
a r e only her ne phe w s and nieces H w can w explai . o e n
, an
neph ews are reckoned as his w child ren ; their c h ild ren
, o n
are his gr andsons grand dau gh te r s w h ilst the child ren
or -
,
ve s
1
w r
L e is M o gan A n c ien t S oc ieties , p 4 3 6
, . .
2
I d , ibid p 4 38
. . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 289
o f the father .
Si ster.
T h hu sb and
e f a daughter o f a niece or f a grand ,
o ,
o
Ow n D r y l
1
i e
p 55 o se , oc . c t .
, . 2 .
29 6 TH E E VO L UTI ON O F MA R RI A G E
law the husbands f his father s sister ; for they are the o
’
v en ti l kinshi ps
o na A man may not ma rr y the wome t h at
. .
n
h e call s daugh ters f a s i s ter grand dau ghters etc
o , or -
, .
p rohibited fli it i a n es
?
of ma rr ia ge .
1 w
O e n D o s ey, loc r . c it .
,
pM ac L p . 25 4, 2 5 5 .
d p 2 56 P rim i ti v e M a rriage, p 9 7
'
2 I d , z bzfl
. . . e n n a n, . .
3
I d , ibid p 2 5 7
. . . .
5
L . M o rga n , A n c ien t S oc ietz es , p 4 40 . .
5
O w e n D o s e y, loc r . c it .
, pp .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y . 29 1
man was dishono ured ifhe sto pped to converse in public with
a young girl who wa s certainly within the proh ibited de gree
o f kinship F a youn g Iroquoi s girl to call the h us band
?
or
o fher aunt by his p e r sonal name was con s idered a grave act ,
indicatin g a c ul pable li i a so n
?
the father who adopts him refu s es him not h ing and gives ,
p rohibition f ma r riage du
o r ing four year s between the t w o
familie s acco unt of the kinshi p created b y the ado ption
, on
?
Wolf Iroquoi s were adopted by the F alcon Iro quoi s and the
- -
,
p l t
e ely a ss imilated the new comer s taki
,
g the kin s hip s f -
n o
skins al ways feel for men belon gin g to rival tribes ; more
than t h at it makes the ca ptive warrior become the husband
,
L 1
dfi ett res t p 3 ‘
e z I bid p
a n tes , .
44 x1 1 . . 1 0 .
2
. . 1 .
2
4
w r
O e n D o s ey, loc c it p 2 6 5 . . . .
I a , ibid p 2 8 1
. . . .
r
M o gan, A n c ien t S oc ieties, p 8 1 . .
292 TH E E VOL U TI O N OF M A R R I A G E
war r iors f the clan and were no longe r distin guished from
o ,
the ot h ers .
1
t h e pate r nal name to t h eir children ; but the p oorer peo ple
are still i the stage of uterine fi li ti
n Ce rtain t r ibes a on
?
1
Voyages du ha ro n de L ahon ta n , e tc , t 1 1 pp 203 , 2 04 . . . .
2
. r
A G i aud Te u o n , loc c it , p 1 9 6
-
l . . . .
3 l r
H o m b e g, S hiz z en iiher die Vo lher des R uss ic hen A m eriha, p 3 2 . .
4
. r
L M o gan , loc c it , pp 1 66 , 344 . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2
93
g w
a e as transmitted to ne phew s and not to son s but in the
family f the Inca s direct male descendants alone h d the
o a
Incas married thei r s ister s and that th r o ughout the Per uvia , n
em pi r e no ma r ried o ut s ide t h e administ rative di s trict
o ne .
amon g them the child ren belon ged to t h e clas s f the father o
even when the mother w a slave A mon g the M ayas as .
5
2
H r
S p e n c e , S oc iology , v o l 11 p 340
. . . . .
I d , ibid , v o l ii p 2 1 8
. . . . . .
3
Sq r
uie , S tates of Cen t ra l A m eric a , p 2 3 7 . .
1
‘
r
B e tt, I ndia n Tribes of G u ia n a , p 9 8
r t
.
5
Ban c o f , loc c it pp 6 64 66 5 . . .
, .
5
r
L M o gan , A n c ien t S oc iet ies , p 5 3 8
r t
. .
7
B an c o f , loc c it v o l 1 1 p 6 8 0
. . . . . .
2 94 TH E E V OL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
i
n e s an archi pelagoes It has been found in t h e F iji Islands .
,
at Ton ga and the Ca r olines etc But exo gamy even the ,
2
.
,
involved in it .
or mothe r
“
T hey u s ed the wo r d
.
”
t which “
a,
wo r d h “
which signifie s male M h i h
a n a,
”
male ”
: z a a na,
1
Th t Si g l i é d l F
ev e , n iq p
u ar t s5 e a ran c e a n tarc t ue, . 21 .
2
. r l
A G i aud-Te u o n , loc c it , p 1 6 7 . . . .
2 r
H ubne , S ix s em a in es en l o ly n és ie in R ev ue des D e ux -M on des ,
’
1 886
t
.
4
Y a e , N ew Z eala n d, p 99
l n
. .
5
P au di g, II ist Un iv des Voy , t xv i p 4 5 9
. . . . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y 295
to the wife s ister as w ell as to the wife pro per and signifies
’
S ,
( )
l ?
p un a ua
r
L M o gan , A nc ient S oc ieties , p 3 7 4
1
—
. . .
2
I d , ibid p 4 2 8
. M ac Le nn an , P rim itiv e M arriage, p 3 7 5
. . . . .
3
. r
L M o gan , A nc ien t S oc ie ties , p 4 2 8 . .
r
D e V a igny, Q ua/o w e an s a ux iles S a n dw ic h , p 1 4
k t
. .
5
Co o ( S e c o n d V o a
y ge ) H ist U n v d es Voy v 1 1 p 4 1 7 -5
t
, . . .
. . . . .
,
maternal family .
1
Th . We st
Ten Yea rs in S o uth Cen t ra l P oly n es ia, p
, . 2 60 .
2
r
M a rin e , Voy to th e F rien dly I s la n ds , e tc , v o l ii p 1 65
rk
. . .
E s ine , I s la n ds of th e Western P a c ifi c
. . .
3
.
4
M R adigue t, D ern ie rs S a uv a ges , p 1 8 1
. . .
5
r r
M a in e , I o nga I s la n ds , v o l ii p 9 8 . . . .
A IVD OF TH E F A M I L Y . 29 7
L th a m D 1
p i E h l gy a l p 4 55 , es c ri t ve t no o ,
vo . 11 . . .
2
M ac L enn an ,
loc . c it .
pp 7 8 , 7 9
,
.
3
A Gi. r aud-Te u o n , l Orig du M ariage, p
. . 2 68 .
298 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
ot h er peo ple s and this sim ply beca us e all of them were
,
A sia and t h e H w i
, t h ere is probably the bond of a
a a an s ,
mo r e less fictitious
or .
o f c o n duc t
1
. r
L M o gan , Conjec tural S o lutio n of the O rigin of th e C la ss ifi c atory
S ys tem of R ela tion s h ip, in P 7 oc eedings of t he A meric an A c ademy of
A rts a n d S c ie n c es , 1 8 6 8 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y . 2 99
were not very numerous the women being taken po s ses s ion ,
the men and all the women f each clan should be brothers o
and isters and should not inte r marry and that on the
S , ,
o f birth T h Kamilaroi
. f A u s tralia may re present the
e o
s econd stage .
p u r ely l ifi t c ass
y d take little account f real
c a or ,
an o
consa guinity
n .
c lass ifi c ato r
y Th relations are denominated by gro ups
. e ,
been in u s e .
notice .
t h e men will no lon ger share their w ive s even with b rothers , ,
i ,
c urr ent doct r ine s o often asserted and manife tly ins pi r ed
, ,
s
last cent ury the pate r nal malediction had the effect f a
,
o
p at r iarchate T h .
patria r chal even s im ply paternal
e ,
or
TH E MA TER N A L FA M I LY .
e f A f ic a, in E gyp
o es o r ,
in Abyss n a, n a as c a , o ng th e
r
A ab s an d Kaby es l .
tr x th r
.
ge n i i , th e m o e -
be e — l r
Th e un c e am o ng th e Nai s
—
.
V Th F m ily m g h A b igi
. e a
f B g l C xi t
a f on t e or n es o en a o -e s e nc e o
th m t rn l d p t r l fa m il y
.
e a e x g my d d g my
a an a e na e o a an en o a
d —I xi t i ry diff r t
.
VI Th C e ouv a e ri —T h t e s s n ve e en c o un t es e
ad i tiqity —Th
. .
c o uv e ad i nt m p r ry E r p
n an u e c o uv e n c o e o a u o e
S ig ifi n i f h adc at o n o t e c o uv e .
2
Bo s m an , Voyage en Guin ee, p 1 9 7
t n
. .
3 w h
Bo dic , Obs erv ation s s ur lo G ouv ern em en t des A c hantis ( c o ll e c io
W alk e naer, xii t
ln
. .
4 r
A G i aud-Te u o , Orig de la F a m ille, p 2 1 6
r rt
. . . .
5 r
H e be S pen c e , S oc iology, v o l ii p 340 . . . .
306 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R IA G E
who also has the r i ght to sell them It is the s ame amon g ?
Th M k l l K f
e a fi howeve r seem to be in process of
o o o a rs , ,
tio n al régim e .
Ni ge r t W w w
,
a d at Bo ussa it is t h e gr an dmothe r w h o
o o an ,
gr ants o r r e f
u ses to h er gr and da ugh te r t h e p e r mission to -
B rt 1
j u y h G
on, L h p 37 o urn e to t e rea t a es , . .
2
. r
A G i aud Te u o n , loc c it , p 2 1 1-
l . . . .
3
L M agyar, R e is en in S ud-Afric a , pp 2 5 6 , 2 8 4
. . .
4
C h L e to u n e au, B ull S oc r 1 872
t xx
. . . .
5
L e v aillan t , H is t Un iv des Voy , iv p 2 1 0
t
. . . . . . .
3
R an d
.
J
L a n de , H is t Un iv des Voy ,
. xxx p r . . . . . . 2 44 .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 07
A for the child r en they inherit the rank and r i ghts f their
s , o
the E t h iopians .
6
Ph il m t
o who de prived women of the right to dis pose f
e o r, o
1
L i g Hi
a n U i d Vy g t xx iii p 6
st. n v. es o a es , v 10
B rt n F i
, . . . .
2
u F
o p p 4
,
rs t oots te s , e tc .
, . 20 .
3
Eq i l Af i
uator a r c a.
4
N 6] B ll S
0 G g t xx p 94 ( q t d by G ira d T l )
u oc . ae
’
eo r 2 uo e u -
eu o n
A G ir d T l n O ig d l F m l/ p
.
, . .
, . .
5
. au -
9 eu o ,
r . e a a z e, . 20 .
6 7
1d ibid p 2 08 z bia . 2 48 .
’
. . . . [d , .
p .
308 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
born f a P i m i
o F r om wh ich it would result that in
ro s .
”4
M as s e
g in
n a,the So udan Barth tells us that O thman ,
2
I d , ibid p 2 3 2
.
4
5
H e o do tus , ii
. . . r . 1 43 .
3 D io do rus , i 2 7 Id , i 2 7 . . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 09
dau ghter his mother i law his dau ghter i law o r eve
,
-
n- ,
-
n- , n
his nur s e and foster si s ter A man was not to ma r ry two -
.
, o , ,
hencefo r th b ecame her pro perty worked for her pos s essed , ,
1
L t J fie t i p 3 7 ( V y g E / i pi d m é i
tres az
’
an tes , . v. . 2 o a e en t z o e ie
'
dec n ,
6 72 om et, m 1 6 9 8
.
j P .
2
r
A G i aud-Te u o n, Orig de la F am ille, p l 2 58.
rt
. . .
3
Su a , iv . 2 7.
3 10 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A GE
fili ti
a It is t h e maternal uncle wh i s the head of t h e
on . o
the mother who b ecome s the head f the family and the o ,
father only take s her place in ca s e s he has disa ppea red and ,
s o n- n -
father i law and the latte r can remain owne r of the
-
n- ,
these customs are not easily com patible with the system
o f the mate r nal family and take altogether they prove , , n ,
1
r
M a s de n, H is t of S um atra, p . . 262 .
2
A G ir ud T ul O gd l a - e o n, ri e a F am ille, pp 1 9 9 , 2 00, etc .
M r d n H i t f S um t
. .
3 a s s o a ra
e ,
. .
W ll M l y A / ip l g
a ac e , a a re z e a o, v o l. 11 . p . 1 69 .
5
A G ir ud T u
. l l it p a - e o n, o o. c .
, . 265 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 1 1
ro
p p erty In the N a ir
. family the p olyandrou s mot h e r is
much res pected and the next in h onour to her is her ,
p olya dry it
n i s di f
fi cult for N,
a ir children to know their
o w father M oreover in variou s p olyand r ic countries of
n .
,
1
B h f A ig B i f pp
ac o en , 6 7 8 ( q t d by A G ir d T l
nt . r e e, . 21 , 2 uo e . au - eu o n,
lot . c it. , pp . 1 5 0,
31 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M AR R I A G E
s u e rain the Bi b i of C
z , ; for by a special favour an nan o r
u ncle .
p l t
e e and t h e most logical f p olyand r ic systems In o .
reality the Nair marria ge doe s not only or s pecially incl ude
,
very dissimilar .
fathers never inte r fere and the husband goes to live with
,
S h r tt T
1
E fi
o S l (N
ra n s S ri ) t n oc vo v 11 . ew e es
D al t
, . . .
, . .
2
E / l gy f B g l p 5 4
o n, t z no o o en a , . .
3 I4 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A G E
the Korwas i s very great ; they are o ppr essed with work ,
and till the fields d gain the daily bread whilst the men an ,
1
D lt E h l gy f B g l p 6 3
a o n, t no o o en a , . .
9 4 6
226
’
I d , ibia p
’
Id , ibid p
. . . 1 42 . I a , ibia p. . . 273 . . . . .
3 5 7 ’
I a , ibid p
. . . 2 33 . I a , ibid p. . . 294 . Id , ibia p
. . . I6 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y 315
hood Th M u ip.
4
are divided into four clan s
e nn o re e s ,
wh d not interma r ry
o o A mong t h e Santals it i s forbi dden .
5
,
present day
9
.
1
D lt E / l gy f B g l p
a o n, t zno o o en a ,
. 200 .
2 3
I a , ibid p 1 5 8
’
I a , ibia p 2 7 2
—
. . . . . . . .
4
hr
M ac p e s o n , R eport on tfi e K lz on as
’
Ac c ount of tire R eligion of tlz e .
M on as in Orissa , p 5 7
’
a ll h
. .
5
M c c u o c , A c c oun t ofthe Va lley of Ili a n n ifi orees , e tc pp 4 9 , 6 9
nt r
. . .
6
H u e , A n n a ls of R ural B engal, p 2 3 6 . .
7
. r l
A G i aud-Te u o n , Orig au M ariage, p 2 6 6
’
. . .
6
l
D a to n , E t/z n ology of B engal, p 2 8
r rt
. .
9
r
H e be S p en c e , S oc iology, v o l ii p 2 1 8 . . . .
3 6 1 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A E E JA G E
mate r nal fili ti has been ado pted more often than paternal
a on ,
VI . T/ze Couvade .
he t a
'
1
D Abbadic , D ouz e ans dans la fi aute Et/z iopie, p 2 7 2
’
nr t
. .
2
B a c o f , N ativ e R ac es, e tc vol i p 5 85
rtr t
. . . . .
6
D u Te
’
e, H is toire aes A n tilles n p 37 1 . . . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 1 7
6
. r
A G i aud Te u o n , Orig o u M a riage, p
-
l .
’
. 1 38 .
6
B ull S oc d A n tnrop ( u y
.
’
. . J l
3 I 8 TH E E VOL UTI ON OE M AR R I A G E
ex pression .
2
unclean for ei ght days and d ur ing that time the h usband ,
woman .
5
eo
p p le of T ib d on the north we s t coast
are n e of A sia e s, -
g r oan lie on ,
beds and cover t h eir head s A ll this time
,
.
1
Ban c o f r
t , N a tive R ac es , v o l i p 4 1 2
t
. . . .
i p 2 37
’
A d O rbigny, L lz om me A m em c a in ,
’ ’ ’
lt n
. . . . .
6
D a o , E t/z no logy of B engal, p 1 90
tr
. .
6
1
‘
S abo , iii 1 6 6
D io do rus, v 1 4
. .A rgona utic a, u . . .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 1 9
in t h e Z uyd e rse e .
cal ulated to s t r ike the attention the fathe r openly affi r med
c ,
that the man will no lon ge r share his wife wives that or ,
men h ave willin gly had r ecourse to st r iking and com plicated
p r actices which a r e calculated to en grave the remembrance
o f a fact on the memory f those present o .
Th p rocedu
e r e f p r imitive R ome o o ffers us many
exam ple s of the same kind ; and notably in the formali
ties of emanci pation w hen t h e R oman father made , ,
S O Y) .
3 20 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R RI A G E
, o
virgin fore s t s of thei r island inca pable of con s tit utin g even ,
to pr ove it has been nea rly eve ry w he r e the latest and the ,
trium phing ll over the world in the state s that are still
,
a ,
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 2 1
F M I LY N I V I L I ED OUN TR I E
TH E A I C S C S .
I Tb F m il i c Cl i F il i t i n i j p —Tr
a y n fa i t
z na . -
a o n a an ac e s o nc en
fr t rna l fi li i
a e at o n n n c o us ns n na e atr
arc h i C h ina—
at e Th Ch i
n l a —Th id f h f m ily i h e nes e c n e ea o t e a n t e
p l i i l rg i i
o t ca o an sa t o n
—Th prim it i l
.
I I Tb F m ily m g l S m i i R
. e a a on m t g ze e t c ac es. e v e c an a on
t h Ar b —Th prim it i
e a s lan am ng h H br w —L aw f i h rit
e ve c o t e e e s s o n e
an c e am g h H br w —Th
on t et ri i r d h g r m i t r
e e s e u e ne s s te an t e e an s s e
Th m t r l f m il y i Ph
e a e na i ia a n oe n c
M n i g f h w rd B r b r
.
II I 7 7m F m ily m g / B l a a on t ze er >ers -
ea n o t e o e e
—
.
M t rn l fi li i n nt
.
a e m
a g h i
at o n B r b r d T rga on t e a c e e e s an o ua e s
Tra f h
c es i t rg n i t i
o t e f h
an c e n l am g h K byl o a sa on o t e c an on t e a es
IV I l F m ily i P ze i —N a r f h f m il ial l
n d f
ers a O t ac e o t e a c an an o
x g m y—I t
.
e o a d g m y—M rr i g by r t i m d r P r i
nc e s uo us e n o a a a e en n o e n e s a
Th right fp im g it r
e o r o en u e.
f M a —Th r igh t f pr im g it r —P t r i y
. .
arc h i h C d
ate n t e o e o nn e o o en u e a e n t
by gg t i n—Tra
su es fth fam il i l l
o d f h m at r l f m il y i
c es o e a c an a n o t e e na a n
T m il I di
a d C yl
n a an e o n.
fi li i i Cr t
at o n i pr im it i
n Ath
e e, n ve e ns e ne e n an e an
fr t r ity—P a r l fi li i
a e n i h O
te n a —Th P i p at o n n t e res tes . e atr a otest as at
R m o e
— t an— t
.
V I I I k F m ily i B b e E
a p Th C n l i l I ar a ro us uro e e e c c nc es uo us
en o a o t e s i e av r ac es o a e na at o n n
G rm y
e d am g h P i t
an an on t e c s .
their race .
that has bee fina lly adopted It was thu s in Peru in M exico
n .
, ,
o .
p ifi
ers o n the ro
p p erty
es F iliation i s therefo r e sometime s .
s till bear s the name of s econd little father ; the pate nal “
r
aunt i s called litt le mothe r the paternal incle s called
“
,
”
1 1
“
little father etc M arriage betwee grou ps f brothe r s
,
”
. n o
L ubbo c k , Orig C iv zfl
1
l, p . . 1 7 7.
2
L H M o gan , S ystem s
. . r o f C on s anguin ity , e tc .
, in S m t/zs on z a n
Con trrbutz o n s , v o l v ii p p . x . .
3 4
2 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AR R I A G E
“
hor s e etc all f them appellations agree n g well with
,
”
, o i
, , o
classe s .
cient but united wit h those which the study of the family
,
1
M rg n l o i p 4 a , oc . c t .
, . 22 .
2
G E uge n e S im o n , L a F a m ille C/z in oz sfle in N ouvelle R e v u e, 1 8 8
3
—
.
.
2
D av is , Tire Ck i s v o l i 2 8 2 P a uth ie r C lz in e nz oclerne,
n e e , p , . . . .
2 38
p ‘
1
. r
A G i a ud Te u o n, Orig o u M a
’
l
riage, p 36 3 . . .
5
L M o gan, loc c it , pp
. r . .
AN D OF TH E F A MI L Y .
3 2 5
.
1
II . Tfi e F a m ily a m o ng S em itic R ac es .
little tyrant hold n g grou ped under his des potic s way his
i
in all it s s everity with the power f life and death att r ibuted
, o
ante r ior evolution and like s o many other peo ples the , , ,
L t é ifi t p 64 1
e t res a
’
a n tes , xv 1
R S m ith [f
. . . .
2
/p t p 48 .
, i ns u , e c . . 1 .
3 6 2 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M A R R I A GE
A rabia .
2
then the agnates and then the member s of the clan or gen,
for she was only his pate r nal siste r Th father f M ose s .
6
e o
R S m ith K i h ip
1
. t pp 47 5 , ns , e c .
, . 1 , 1 1 .
2
I d , ibid , p 1 5 9
. . . .
6
2 S am ue , iii 1 6 l x .
3
G e n e s is , iii 1 3 xx . .
7 x
E o dus, v i 2 0 . .
4
Num be s , r xxx
v i 4 -8 . .
6
G e n e 5 1s ; xl 2 6 -2 9 . .
5
Num be s , X XX r
8 11 II .
-
.
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 7
2
,
1
or
p at r ia r chate .
e o n
c o e r 2
luti
. a a
'
e vo on
e , an re re
t ti
sen a s till exist Anterior to all A siatic migration and
ves .
‘
o a e,
occ up ied the south of G a ul and S pain the Canary Isles , ,
L it i x iii 9 1
ev c us , v
f C ar a P p
. .
2
E b i fG pl i
us e 1 us o aes e , re arat on o os e , .
3 28 TH E E VOL UTI ON O F M A R R I A G E
—
.
ti ly with maternal fi li ti
ve a on .
ence which their women enj oy and especially the rich and ,
nearly the whole of the real property has fallen into the
hands of the women We know t h at in ancient Egy pt .
2
,
,
. e
has in its t r ibe a political per s onality whi h stron gly recall s
, ,
c
1
St r abo , iii . 18 .
2
D uv ey ie r r , Touareg du Nord, p 3 39 . .
2
I d , ibid
. .
A ND OF TH E FA M I L Y .
3 9 2
re primanded .
w as p th e f t h K bon
yl o e a e .
o en o
de s cent the di r ect line thro ugh males and all the collaterals
, ,
a e
p o heirs f eac h other ; 5 th the E oa that i s to say the ,
o ro -
,
a,
1
H t L t r
an o eau e t x K byli t p 59 e o u neu a e, 11 .
I d ibid ; t ii p
.
,
. .
2
.
, 83 . . . . 2 .
3
I d ibid p 86 2
E S ba i r E
.
, .
, . .
’
B l i
’
i l g i be i R
’
,
or
o , , ,
alrea dy found amon gst various races and which are the com ,
lastly dominatin gall the rest the father of the family having
, , ,
th ri ght of life
e death over the wives and c hildren or .
8
N t only does the clan not exist but exo gamy is re placed
o ,
1
H t a t L t r x K lyli t pp 8 7 8 8
an o e ue e o u neu az e, 1 1. 2 2
I a ibid t ii p
. .
, .
,
2
.
97, .
, . . . 2 .
3
Da r es te ,
’
S ur l a n c ien a roit aes P erses in B ull ae l A c adem ie
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ '
aes
— r
, .
Sc ienc es . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
331
m arrla e
g between mother and w a common thing in so n as
es o z , e
ex pressly fo r bade all alliance with i fi d l endogamy even n e s, ,
e c es s v e,
‘
as
on
S t rab
1
o , xv . 20 .
2
S a n c t ijoa n n is Cbrysos lom i, O p i 38 4, . . an d x .
5 73 .
3
4
A H o v e lac ue , A v esta, p 4 6 5
.
q . .
o ,
1
L D ube ux, L a Perse, p 4 68
har t xxxi —L
. . .
2
Un iv aes Voyages, 2 36
’
C din, H is t . . . .
pp . 2 30, . .
' '
3
E B urn o uf, E ssai s ur le Veaa, p 1 90
. . .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
3 33
r a: o .
e o
, e -
,
'
f tly authentic
ec H is not a grandson but a real and true
. e ,
o n , ,
1
Code of M an u, ix . 1 37 .
4
I bicl ,
. 1 2 0, 1 2 1 .
2
I b d , 1 0 5 , 106 5
M nt ,
3
i . .
6
i
I biai ,
127 .
12
5 . 1 32 .
3 34 TH E E VOL U TI O N OF M A R R I A G E
in
t
een th century the right f succession w as tran s mitted
,
o
but the children of the b r other and of the s ister wer only e
german cousins Cert in familie s never made any parti .
4
a
tion th us preserving the cu s tom of the ancient familial clan
‘
,
.
5
India and es pecially amon g the Tamils the family has at first ,
.
,
The c h ief obj ect of this book bein g to s t udy the evolu tion
of th e family d of ma rr iage I need not describe detail
an ,
ln
Code of M an u, ix
2
1
. 1 18 .
p 3 20 .
2
1 1 nd , 1 3 1 1i
, t xiv p 3 9 6
t
. . . . . .
3
L ettres c rii/z a n tes , xiv p 38 7
6
Mac L e nn an , loc c it 1 89
'
. . . . .
, p . .
7 S ac ho t, l l le
’ ’
Ceylo n , p
O . ae 27 .
AND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
335
ce e, c n
, o a er
that kin s hi p in the L atin clan may at first have bee n con -
fu s ed H alleges
.
‘
, a
t h word p
e i id s igni fi ed , not the murder f a father but
arr c e o ,
that f a free man f some ort ; that in the family trib unal
o o s
the cognates f the wife fi gured and that the cognates wore
o ,
o or o e,
-
the legend during a great annual festival when the peo ple
, ,
e vo s ens
~
1
. r
L M o gan , A n c ien t S oc ieties , pp 3 5 , 6 7 . .
2 r -
l
G i aud Te u o n , loc c it , p 4 1 1 . . . .
3
r
G o te , H ist of G reec e, v o l iii p 9 5
.
'
. . . .
3 36 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E
the w omen had the right f votin g and their chil dren bore o
thei r name —privile ges whic h were taken fr om them says the
,
amp r
-
d ute r ine fr aternit y wa s re ga r ded as muc h more
c t an
M inerva the old mate r nal ri gh t and the new p aternal ri ght .
1
A G ir d T l n l i au
p 8 9-
eu o oc c t 2
t
.
x
, . .
, .
V rr
.
2
q a d by S A g
o, i C
uo e i y f G d l iii p 9 t . u us t n e , t o o , vo . v . .
2
M ac L e n n an, loc . c it .
, p . 2 44 .
4
I d , ibid pp 1 7 7, 2 7 5
(q t ln
.
r
. . .
O tt Miille r an d B ac ho fe n uo ed by A Gi aud-Te u o 28
5
. ,
. , pp .
3,
as guardian and when it pleases the gods she preserves it
, ,
.
p ate r nal relations f the male sex to the fourth deg r ee but
o , ,
p t t
o es as All those a r e agnate s who are under the s ame
.
tfi f m ily
e a s ay s the law of the T welve Tables Something
,
”
.
_
1
r
M o gan, A n c ient S oc ieties, p 5 48 . .
—M ac L e nn an , P rim itive M a r
ri dge, p 25 5
a
. .
2
H M ine , A n c ien t L a w , pp
. . 1 4 1 , 1 42 .
6
I saeus , H eritage of M en ec les .
33 8
the clan was still the social unit ; it was res ponsible for t h e
c rimes of its members paid the fines and received the ,
1
A Gi. r aud-Te u o n , l loc . c it .
, p 3.
7 2 .
AN D OF TH E F A N/I L Y .
339
th R m
e o an ,
exogamou s .
noti e however that the Irish law far from s ubj ectin g the
c , , ,
1
H M aine , E arly I ns titution s , pp 1 1 3 , 1 1 6 1 2 4
. .
, .
0
1
S t abo , iv 4r . .
H M ain e , loc c it , p 7 6
3
0
. . . . .
51
ll
B e , journ al of a R es iden c e in C irc ass ia, v o l i p 34 7 . . . .
H M aine , loc c it
1
0
. . .
6
D e m orion s Germ a n orum , xx .
7
l
L abo u aye , R ec k erc li es s ur la c ondition c iv ile et polit iq
ue des fem m es ,
e tc , pp 1 66 , 1 6 7
. . .
3 40 TH E E VOL U TI ON O F M AR RI A G E .
and mother the brothe rs and s i s ter s and then the si s ter of
, ,
eo
p p les who are in p r ocess of civilisation have ado p ted
the paternal family according even excessive powers to the
,
fi li ti
a and to more le s s confused familial fo r m s I s
on or .
family ?
A G ira d T l n l
1
i .
pp 4 4 u -
eu o , oc . c t
.
, . 1, 2 .
2
M ac Le nnan , P rim itiv e M a rriage, p . 1 01.
C H AP TE R XX .
M RR I
A E N AG F M I LY N
A D STTH E RE EN T A I TH E PA ,
THE P S ,
N FUTURE A D TH E .
I Tfi P —S i l gy d l t i n —S i l gy d i tifi
e as t. oc o o an evo u o oc o o an s c en c
e Th bi l gi al r
o e o o c e as o o a e an t e ve
f rm
o fm arr iag —I
s o l t i —C a g i e pr im it i
ts e vogr p u on o ns n u ne o us ve ou s
Th l t i f h f m ily—Th t g f h i
e e vo u on o t el i —F r m m
a e s a es o t s e vo ut o n o co
m im
un s i di id l i m —Ad a tag
to n f h pr im it i
v ua slan —P l y v n es o t e ve c o
m d t t i t i
an f birth
s a s cs o s.
t —
ga y
II H P Pr nt m arri g i E r p —Th da g r f
resen a e n u e n e s o
ce c cco to . e o e w o c an e ec
t g ri f l ib t —M y d m atrim y—S l t i n by m y
ca e o es o c e a es o ne an on e ec o o ne
M rr iag by p r ha
a es u c se
I II Ti F re uture e s o c eo es s su v v n o ess s
"
th e o t e o e e n o on an
l t i n —S i l gi al rhyth m —F t r
ev o u o oc o o ll ti c i t i —Th s uu e co ec ve soc e es e
f m il y
a d i ty—Pr gr
an f
so c e j ga l di r d— T h m aorr i g f h
es s o c on u sc o e a e o t e
f t r —H rb r t S p n r
uue e d M taig —S l w
e e f
ce ial an on ne o n es s o so c ev o
l i —C n r ati
ut o ns o d inn
se v t r —N th i g di ; rythi g i
ves an o va o s o n es ev e n s
rnwd
e e e .
I l P t . e as .
i a primate mor
s intelli gent than th other s and his e e ,
3 4 2 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R IA G E
T h innumerable dissertation s
e the history f mar r iage on o
and f the family which a ppeared previou s to the rise
o
Th prime cau s e
e f m arria ge and the family is purely o
ti o n ar
y selection vario us animal type s have
,
been created ;
and when they have been provide d w ith se parate sexes and
conscio us nervous centre s procreation has become a tyran ,
half men and h alf a pes have certainly had ext r emely gros s ,
p r actis d amon
e gst variou
, s races without the least thou ght ,
m hty I will
o ra ,
t g over the gr ound gain but will
no o a ,
g enuine F r om
. whence it come s to p ass that w h atever i s ,
1
Mo n taign e ,
E ssays ; Cus tom .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y 345
. e o an r as
marriage by cla ss e s practi s ed by many s avage cl n s ; but a
most often it i s polygamy which ha s s pr ung from it .
jec t i
on A.t length in it s last form monogamic
,
mar r iage , ,
p erson s living,
footing of e q uality
on a .
e o
( V eddahs B him ,
ethnogr
os phy sho
an s , w s u the a s
from the consan guine clan was the maternal family based ,
s till exi s ted By the simple fact of birth in thi s little ethnic
.
when well consolidated had for its re s ult the parcelling out
,
from it .
1
In ,
c no
the m rriage f
a man with seve ral women ; but thi s
o o ne
T h moral directio
e of thi s s low transformation i s evi n
ro
p p erty ; the e gim of the family and that
1
r f p r o perty
e o
1
. r
A G i aud-Te u o n, On g du M a riage, l . e tc .
,
p .
42 8 .
—L . r
M o gan ,
A n c ien t S oc iet ies , p 38 9 . .
3 48 TH E E V OL U TI ON O F M A R R I A G E
legi s lation s .
ha s been s en s ibly the same among the peo ple s of all races ,
p u ta bl i se that man ,
tends willingly toward s individualism ,
gamo s s tate s
n Polygamy may therefore have it s utilitaria
. n
II Tl P t . ze res en .
in which are s till found nearly all the other form s f sex ual o
1
S oc iology, v o l. 1 1 . p ”304 . .
2
r l
A tic e , M arr
’
iage , in the D ic tion na ire en cyc lopedigue des sc ien c es
médic ales .
35 0 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF MA F E I A G E
para t i
ve tables which ,
are extremely clea r A Be r tillon ,
follows ste p by step the di ffe rent fates f the mar r ied and o
f
or the ca use by att r ib utin g t h e infe r iority of the celibate
,
p hysical p sychical
or infe r io r ity that in t h e g r eater n u mbe r
, ,
e ,
A B rt ill l 1
i . e o n, oc . c t .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
35 1
ro
p p ortion of celibates wit h out counting the in fi rm ; w ,
no
in 8 4 7 there were
1 beggars in F r ance .
2
civil po pulation N w . o , on 1 2,
F ench a r my co unted
r men T these matri .
3
o
,
o
T h s pecial statistics
e f the little ecclesiastical world are o
the ha ppy thou ght of asce r taining from the ju dicial pi geon
hole s the numbe r f c r ime s and misd meano urs committed o e
o f obser ation was this eno r mous diffe r ence gives matter
v ,
for r eflection altho ugh it may not have the value f a law
, o .
M B l k S i iq d l F
1
. t p 55
oc ,
ta t st ue e a ra n c e, . . .
2 3
I d ibid p 98 I d ibid p 5 6 2 0
A B rt ill
. . .
, . .
, . .
.
4
ril M rig l i
. e on, a t c e a ra e,
”
oc . c t .
35 2 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF MA R R I A GE .
1 0 00
) and nearly two thirds f tho s e f women are con
-
o o
tracted b efore the age of twenty fi N w this is only -
ve . o ,
A B rt ill n art i l
1
M rri g
. e l i o , c e a a e, oc . c t
.
2 3 4
I d , ibz a I d , ibid
’
I d , ibid . . . . . .
AN D OF TH E F A M I L Y? 35 3
in E ngland .
1
( I n a m illion m a rriages .
)
IN F NE
RA C IN EN L ND G A
A ge of A e of
B ac h e l o rs . Ba e l
o o rs
to years
.
1 8 20 to 20 years
20 25 2
5
25 3°
11 3) 3 0
3 ° 2» 35 v 35
35 9) 4° 1) 4°
, a
f the same kind s howin g the marriage s between young
.
o ,
A B rtil l l i 1
. e o n, oc . c t .
35 4 TH E E VOL UTI ON OF M AE E I A GE
rn o r
the picture sq u exclamation which Shake speare puts int
e o
the mouth f King L ear— F i " Fie l F i " Pah " Pah "
o
“
e e
G ive me an ounce of civet good pothecary to s weete , a , n
my imagination .
” 1
IN F ANC E
R IN EN L NDG A
N
.
Age l
O f G ir s .
um ber o f
Age o f G ir s . l
1 5 to 20 yea rs 1
5 to 20 years
20 25 20 2 5
25 11 3° 25 1: 3°
3 ° 11 35 3 ° 11 35
1
K ing L ear, Ac t iv S c . . 6 .
A N D OF TH E F A M I L Y .
35 5
en s a er o s
‘
o . o ,
i the pa t
n S oc ie t ies h a v e cons ta n t l y a dva nce d fr o m con
s .
an d t h en it w r e du ce d t o b e essen t ia lly no m o re t h a n t h e
as
v e ry m odes t gr o u p fo rm e d by t h e fath e r t h e m o t h e r d , , an
t h e c h il dren At t h e s a m e t im e t h e fa m il ia l p at rim on y
c rumbl e d j u s t a s th at f t h e c l a n h d be en p r e v io u s l y
.
, o a
No t h in g i l ess p r o b a bl e
s .
d no t e a s il y fl w b a c k t o wa rds t h e ir so ur ce
o o I f t h e y so m e .
o . en
d t h e be ginn in g m y a ss um e a s u pe r fic ia l a n a l ogy m a s k in g
,
an a ,
o f t h e F u gi d Am e r ic a n in div idu a l is m
e an s an If a s i .
, s
p r o b a bl e t h e in div idu a l is t e v o lu t ion a lre a dy so l on g b egu n
con t in u es i t h e fu t ure t h e c ivil ise d fa m il y—t h at i t o y
, , ,
n , s sa
t h e l a s t co ll ec tiv e u n it f soc ie t ies — mu s t aga in be di
,
o s
in t egr at e d d fin a ll y s ub s is t no l on ge r e xcep t i gene a l ogy
, an n
sc ien tific ally r e gis t e r e d wit h e v e r inc re a s in g c a r e ; f it i -
or s,
1
18
'
S oc z olog f, v o l. 1 1 .
p 4 . .
35 6 TH E E VOL UTI ON O F . M A R RJA G E
“
o a
B ut e v en fr o m t h e c rumbl in g f t h e fa m il y will fre ult t h e
.
o s
r e ons t it u tion f a la rge r collec t ive un it h a v ing co mm on
c o ,
i n t e r es t s nd r es usc itat in g u n de r a no t h e r fo rm t h at so l id
a .
g iv e, h e l th y p h y ic l m o r l , d i n e ll ec u l
s e du c t ion o an
c ,
n
p r ospe r nd l iv e it i necess a ry t h at t h e e t h n ic o n i l
a , s soc a
in div idu al s w e ll en do we d i b o dy h ea r t d m in d B e fo r e
t h is p rim ordia l need a ll p rej u dic es mu s t yie l d all ego is t ic
n , , an .
in t e r es t s mu s t b en d
,
sa m e fo rt u ne F o r a l on g t im e m ore r l ess s il en tl y a s l o w
.
,
o ,
w o rk f dis in t e gr at i n h
o b egu n d we see it a ccen t u ate d o as , an
n an e .
y e a r s d i
an F r a nce th n um
n b e r h a s d o ubl e d e .
1 800 1 -
8 5 it w 0 ,5 pe r ; n was w r o te M B l oc k in 1 00 o ,
.
o s
k
1 ,
M s oda /e,
' '
1
. Blo c ,
E urope polz lz gue at p . 2 04 .
A ND OF TH E F A M I L Y .
35 7
IN C R E ASE o r DI VO RCES .
1
Toe/ req f
uen cy f div orc es in
o 1 8 5 1 -5 5 being 1 00 , w iz at bar it bec om e
during t/z e fol/o w ing yea
r s
th r rt
A Bertillo n c alc ulated is p opo ion fo r P is at
. o ar a b ut a
t h t h r ul t a r m l t h l a l t u at
en t B ut ese es s e s i p y e ogic con in ion
.
of t h v lu t
e e o io n o f m a rr a
i ge is inIt th
e sense o f n e e. a vr
ra
in c e s in g in di id v u al l b rt
i e y, espec i y fo r woall n, m a t h at t h
is
v lu t b t
e o ion 1 5 e in g e ffec e d B e tween en an d w o en em m th
j u al r lat h av at r t b
.
con g e ions e fi s e en ne y e e yw e r a rl v r h
e fo r m
m a t r t l av t h m a r ta l
s e s o s es , en i despo is t m b am l l
ec e s o w y
att u at at m
en e d, and R o e, fo r ex p e , w e e e g d am l h r t h ra ua l
m ta m r h b t ra ur a l h t r
e o p os is m ay e ce d d in g on g is o ic pe io d, r
th r th
e po we o f e p aterfa m ilias, w ic h h at r t
fi s had no i i , lmt
at l th b a m urb
en g th
ec e c e d ; e pe son i y o f e w o nr al t th ma
was m r m r a t u at
o e and o e ccen e d, an d e igid th ri ge o fm a rr a
t h r t t ur th ubl
e fi s cen ies o f e R ep ic was ep ce d n de r l a u r th
e
m r a rt
E p i e by so o f f ee nion r u Do ub tl t h m v m t
ess is o e en .
a r l r t r ra u r th
neces s i y e og de d n de e in fl ence o f C is i n i y;u hr t a t
bu t a a l a h a
, th l
s w ys ppens in e ogic o f in gs, it s, ne e th ha vr
r um
th ele s s, es ur ll
e d its co se ; it wi beco e o e and o e m m r m r
v t ll ur l a t h
e iden , an d wi s e y p ss e po in t at h h t
w ic it s oppe d
m r al m
in i pe i R o e .
am m a rr a ll t u t ub t th
.
1
M ono g ic i ge w i con in e o s s is ; it is e
la t m r
s co e , an d c
-
mu h t h m t r th
e os w o y and es ides, e b th
b al a th m ak alm t a t bu t
,
H e rb e rt S pence r wh i no t v e ry b o l d h o we ve r on t h ese
,
o s ,
as n
f th e l w — t h at i o rigin a lly t h e a c t f p urch a se—w
,
o a s, o as
a cco u n t e d t h e essen t ia l p ar t f t h e m a rriage d u n ion i
,
o an n
t h e na m e f a ffec t ion w no t essen t ial I n t h e p resen t d y
,
o as a
u n ion i t h e n a m e f t h e l w i cons ide red t h e m os t
.
n o a s
im po r ta n t d u n ion by a ffec t ion a s l ess im po r ta n t
, an A
t im e w ill co m e wh en u n ion by a ffec t ion will b e cons ide re d
.
t h e m os t im po r ta n t d u n ion i t h e n a m e f t h e l w t h ean n o a
M on taig e once w r o t en W h a v e t h ou gh t t o m ak e o ur
:
“
e
m a rr iage ti s t r on ge r by tak in g a way a ll m e a ns f disso lv in g
e o
it ; bu t t h e m o r e w h a v e t igh t ene d t h e cons t ra in t so mu c h
e ,
, s n
, an n o
n
—
,
g u a r d t h at w h ic h i f v ita l in t e r es t t o
s o it t h e fat e a d t h e n
o an
ope rat e s l o wl y f it s u pposes a n en t ir e co rrespon din g
or
n
co r o ll a ry p r o fo u n d m o dific at ions i t h e soc ial o rga n is m
,
,
n .
Th e r eg im f l ib e r te o
y i m a rr ia g e d t h e d
n is in t e g r at ion f an o
i r e a dy t o a ss um e t h e ol f gu ar dia n d e du c at o r f
,
s r e o an o
,
s
wh ic h t o d y a r e w a n t in g
-
a I n o ur presen t egim t h e . r e,
H rb rt S p 1
r S l gy l ii p 4
e e e nc e , oc i o o , vo . . . 10 .
3
ta
M o n igne , E ssays, v o l. ii p . 1 5.
3 59
p r ope r t y ; bu t t h e r e is no do ub t t h at a ll t h is is t o tt e r in g .
Th e a l a rm an d t h e l a m en tat ions o f so m a n y m o r a l is t s b o t h ,
.
,
a s o ur a nces t o r s a r e in o ur s
F o r t h ose wh o h a v e no t fi rml y ra ll ie d t o t h e s ide o f t h e
.
s h a pe d c u tt in gs in t h e ,
by t h e r e ga r d due t o c u s t o m we r e w r o t h at t h is and
,
, ,
do ub t t h at t h e n e w m e t h o d h a s t r ium p h e d in p r a c t ice ; it
was fo u n d a dv a n ta geo u s B ut t h is inc iden t is in m in iat ur e ,
,
.
wh ic h I h a v e spo k en in t h e l a s t c h a p t e r t h e c h o ru s o f t h e
,
1
j ourn al I n d A re/z ip
.
,
v o l. 11 . p 54. .
3 6 0 TH E E VOL U TI ON OF M A R R I A G E .
l
The p r os pec t s wh ic h a l arm t h e conse rvat iv e sp ir it s o f t o day -
are ,
in t ru t h bu t t h e l a s t co n se q u e n ce o f th at a nc ien t
e v o lu t ion S tat is t ic ia ns w ho a r e no t e v olu t ion is t s p r o v e
,
.
,
wh ic h
'
, ,
r is ing o ut o f th e p a s t The fa in t h e ar te d c ry t o us th at
,
-
e ve ryt h in g is co m in g t o a n e n d I t is no t so ; on the
.
1 .
wh en t h e w o rl d see m s t o b e en t e r in g a pe r io d o f fr es h l ife
.
1
I
. t
Ber illo n, Zoe . c it. , p 61. .
IND E X .
A bys s i ia Th
n ub i at i 1 62 e c o nc n e n, utr
Ad l e y in M l , 21 7 aa a
gam y i t
,
M
lut m ral r
o no 179 n, in E gyp , 21
Di fw m i 1 81 am
F a ility f div r
ss o e o s o o en n , o ng th e H eb e w s , 21 8
c i 181 o o ce n, am o n g th e A r b s , 21 8 a
Ci i b i i 1 8 1 am a
D iv r
o ng th e K b yles , 21 9
r iar
c s e n,
ia
L vi rat by ma u lati r
i 23 2 o ce n, in P e s an d I n d , 220
i 26 5 n w o ld, 222 ma
at a rta
e e e sc on n, in th e G ec o R o
A d p ti m 3 16
ti u ma r
o on Sp , 222
w m Li at t
,
A by i i n an en , c en s nne s A h en s , 223
ss1
s o o
0 at m R o e , 222 225
A d p ti
o am gth R d ki 29 1
on on e e s ns , am o ng th e Tc h e rk es se s o f th e
au a u
ar ar u ur
i P ly
n 296
o n e s 1a , C c s s , 225
i A by i ia 3 1 6 m b b o s E o pe , 225
A du lt r y i a i t ax
n ss n
M i ddl Ag am
,
th
r
e n 204 e e es , o ng th e n c en S o ns ,
,
am ma
226
Of i g ,r al 208
id r d a th ft 208
n e ne , f u a ra
o n g th e G e
in e d l F n c e , 226
v uti
n s , 226
c o ns
i M ln i
i N w C a l d ia 209
f
e e
e an es a
as e ,
A f ri a 10
ddle , 1 6 1
ut r r
n e e on , c a , Th e c o nc b n e 1n
i n n e ro
g c 2 A d l e y i n neg o , 21 0
am g th H tt t t 210 ,
fami
i B r u 21 1
on
at th G ab 210 e
e
o on ,
o en o s , Th e
A ath yrse s , P o
g
r ly in , 3 05
mi uit
a r r tituti
sc
"lis en us , S c e d p o s
y o f th e , 4 0
o n i n , 46
'
n o no
at K t 21 1 aar a,
,
A ma a
z o n s , Th e s o c lle d age o f, 1 05
am g th S ulim 21 1
on e as , v
A m bl forn is in orna ta , L o e a1 c h ite c tu1 e
é
o
at Y uid 21 1
Am ri a P r tituti tral 1 56
o a, o
i Uga da 21 1
n n e c i os on n c en
i S n ga l 21 2
ene
,
C ubi at i 1 6
onc
,
n e n, 3
,
i Ab y i ia 21 2 F ami lia l la m 26 7
,
n ss n c n
ia 2 2 ,
Th fami ly i
,
Am r u
i P ly
n o n es 1 e 27 4 n,
i N Z ala d 212 ,
m bat f ti kl ba k 10
Am r u
n ew e n o o s co s o s c e c s,
at Tahiti 21 2 ,
A nal y t ll t cr s e m bat
a us , o o s
?1 1
s c o
at N uk hi 213 ,
i th A m ri a P r mi uit y f 43
o a va , o
avag 213
P r tituti f gi rl am g t th
n e e c n s e, A d m
n a it an es , o sc o
am g th E im 213 on e s u a ux, os on o s
,
on s e,
am g th R ki 213
.
on e e s ns , 58
am g th Omah a 214 A imal L v am g 1 0
i S uth A m ri a Am r u pr f r
on e s . n s, o e on ,
i b arb a r u Am r i a 21 4 Gr
n o e c o o f 17
s e e en c es o
f th mal am
, ,
i t M x i 21 5 g 18
n o s e c o s s n e ss o e e on
i a D u bl p i i
, ,
m
i P r u 21 5 M a rriag
n n c en c o, r
a 8 a rn a on J
d tg fam ya m
e e
M at ria r h at am g 1
n e e an g 20 le 1 on
i Guat mala 21 5
, ,
P at r ia r h at am
n e c e on 2
am gth M g l 216
x
, ,
D iv r t yp
on e on o s, g 21
c e on
i Th b t ual a iati ,
n 6 i e 21 e s f es o se s s oc on
i C hi a am g 1
,
M a rr ia g am g 21
n 6 n 21 on 2
i Ja p
, ,
n 21 7 an , e on ,
3 6 2 IND E X .
, 45
s, n e o e no e n
l v tituti at
,
S h rt m r u am
e g 29 on Law o f, 1 1
f l v th y u g
,
o f
n ess o o e or e o n A o o s, o ngth e A nalis c ris tel
am 31
V i tg f th mat rim u r
on la tus , 1 1
ar a on oial typ
,
e on e o f b l e h e on s , 1 2
m a a ia
D iv r f ma rriag am
a 35 o o f C n d n ge es e , 12
a ia
A a ria
e s g 35 o e on , o f g ll n c eae , 1 2
ns gins , m i uity f 43 o us ro sc o , of use , 1 2
P m i uit
A t h r p ph agy
A n ses , ro 41 sc o o f etras urogallus , 1 2
n o mili l f th B d
o a o e e o f Tetras um bellus , 13
ki 26 . ,
u i
r k r a t ra f rm
s ns , Bee s , R ep b l c o f, 23
A t O i Wo e s , nc es l o s , 23
f rm 2 at riar at
n s, ity fR ubli
r f 23 o e cs o
W
,
M
Ara b F rat r a l p lya dry
o r ers , anc es o s, 3 ch e o f, 24
at u
s,
a i t 39
nc en
f w if am g th
,
f th
e n o n o e
r r a i fami am r t
D e h o f Q e en o f, 24
a be s , Th e ly o ngs , 327
M e n ng o f th e w o d, 408
Th mat r a l family am g t 3 28
L o an o 52 e on e,
T mp y m m g am
f p lya dry f th
g 68
i rd L v am g t 1
e o rar a a es on e e n on s
C au
, ,
E th ti t u r am
s es o 82 o n o e, s, o e on s 1
fa i t 82 t f 13 ,
f da ught r
P ly d o an o n c en s e c o n en s o
am g L v da
,
L v p a rad
I f ti i n an c e o e s on o f 3 e nc es o 1
th a i t 88 ,
ti al l v pa rad f 13
e nc e n o f 13e es o
C l l g d f i fa ti i d 8 3 I t
, ,
r
'
a s, e en o n n c e, n en on o e es o
C mmu ity f iv am
,
C m d m
F rat r al p lya dry f th r f 3
’
o ng th 8 4 w es on a s a ou o 1
'
o e,
at d t fh ummi g 14 ,
P at ria r ha l ma rria g am
g th 8 on 5
r tai tr g r th a
n e
- e es
e e e, o
F ma l
,
c g th e on e. e f es o ce n, s on e n
mal 1 5
M a rriag b y a p tu r am g th M al m r ard t 1 5
86 es ,
Am r u att m p t
e c e on e, es o e en
f mal
,
m r d li at i l v tha th r
99 o o f 15
s e s o es o
P lygam y f th
,
v rt b rat 1 5
o 1 89 o e, o e e c e n o e n o e
ubi at am g th 161
Adult ry am g t h Am r u
C o nc n e on e, e e es ,
e 18 on e, 2 l ti
o o am g ths s e ec on on e
R p u diati
e am g th 2 7 3 9 on on e, 3 2 f mal f 1 7
e es o
Wi d h d am g th 5 9 gam y am
, ,
M
gam y f r tai
ow oo on e, 2 o no g 27 on
ia 6 1 Fi kl m
,
g 1 50
t r al l v am g t
n an 1 c e on , e on s ,
A y m
A
r o
ssoc iati S i gular f rm f x u l
i 1 34
an a ,
o n, n o s o se a ,
Ab
r tai m
ce
f s en c e o
ft d v i d fpat r
f 29 n es o
e n
,
o e on s
A yr ia C
56 P l o o s, o en e o o e
ubi at i 165 m u30
D tal marriag
ss onc n e n n 0v e ,
A th P at al l v d v l p d am g
,
P r tituti
e ns , o 1 20 e in, ern o e e e o e on
at 5 6 ma y 30
Adul t ry at 222 Sh r t
os on 1 n
f l v f y u g
, ,
e o th
n ess o o e or e o n
Wi d w h d at 26 1
,
am g t 3 1
B i rt h S x ua l r lati d ma r
o oo on s
A tti a; D ity f p pulati i 1 98 , ,
A u t rali ti u m ra l f y u g
c ens o o on n, s, e f e on o an
Li
,
gi rl i S x ua l r lati
s a, c en o s o s o o n i g 73
r a e,
A m r u pr f r
s50 n, e f 74 e on o
R a p i 90 B it h
,
Ca p tu r k Am r u battl f
e n, c es , f 18
o o s e e e nc es o
fw m B la k
,
i 90e o o en n, c c oc o o s es o 12
L a f w if i f w ma am
, ,
o n o 3 e n, 12 B him
oc L an s , g thoa n o o n on e,
F am ilial la i 26 27 0 c n n, 1, 58
a if r a ia r mi uit
in , 27 0, 27 2
a ri
C l o ni n I n d n s , P o
t th K amilar i f y o f, 43
sc
To tem am o ngs e o o , Celiba c i a va ta
D s d n ges o f, c c o d ng to
C m m u l marria g t ra it ry i m ri
A rt ill o n , 349
i at a
.
na e ns o n, Ce l b e s c o p se t he w s te o f th e
o
Mat r a l fami ly i t ar ik ra am
p o pulatio n , 3 50
l3 2
C el s , W l e
Au t ralia f am r u a r
74e n n, 2 pe o ng th e, 9 3
b att l
i ma rria
s L ns , aw o o o s e C e ylo n , P o ly n d y in , 7 8
am th 5 8 m
i a rimitiv r mi uit
on e, C h ld ge s in R o e , 1 9 8
A t
ves a , ar a e n e, Ch n , P e p o sc
nc e, e, on e 1 s, 1 M ge b y c p e in , 1 1 6
i a P r tituti i 1 5 6 u i at i Liv ia 162
i mi ddl A f r i
Ch n os on n, Co n c b n e n on
ubi at i 64
, ,
C onc n e n, 1 n 62 e ca, 1
M gam y i i A by i ia 1 6
M a rriag b y p u r h a i 183 tral A m ri a 163
o no 1 83 n, n ss n ,
2
t M x i 1 63
e c se n, i C n en e c
S u b mi i f w ma i i a i
,
A dult ry i
18 5
ss on o o n n, n n c en e c o,
21 6 e n, i M n g lia 1 64
on o
R pu diati i C h i a 1 64
,
i t A yria 1 65
e i 24 5 on n, n n
Wi d wh d i 2 i a
,
Wi d w h d f b ri d i 25 5
o oo n, 55 n nc e n ss
at M a 1 6 ,
t P r ia 1 66
o oo o es n, ec c 5
Th family i i a i
,
m latu r i 323 i Gr
32
e n, 2 n n c en e s
F amily
,
f f rat r a l ma rriag i
no e nc e n, n 1 66 e ec e ,
at R m 1 66
am g t h Cath li l rgy
l
g
e n n, o e,
za
ce o e
C of
Th p at r a l family i 3 24
c es o 3 24 c n n, o nc ne o o
am g Zulu 1 25
ff r d by if at F ij i 1 24
e e n n, on s,
Fi t ti u ki h i p i
b w r
c 1 3 24
o s ns n, o e e w e
L v i at R m
m
,
j uamgati a 4
Ch l ayd m ul era. ac ata, o e o e s C f
o n arrea t o 20 o e, 1
o 14 C on on ,
Ch order dors alis , 6
at r al l v r g lg 4
on ae,
vati f p i 20
m C q u t ry am
C
a paterfam ilia s ,
Ch ro P e n o e o ns e on o s ec es ,
d p r av r tai b i rd 25
0 ; o e g t 0
on 1 n s ec s , 1
ivi i ati
F amilia l i A m ri a 26 7 am g b utt rfl i 10
C l s on e es c e n s, Th l e f 0 aw o 1
C la
,
F amilia l i A u t ralia 26 7 27 0
n, n e c on e es ,
, ,
am g fi h 1 0
F rat r ity f i A u t ralia 27 1 am g v r t b rat 11
, n s , ,
on s es ,
e n o n s on e e es ,
13 g m y f am g t h R d ki C uva d 3 1 6
, ,
i N w M xi
4 xo a o , on e e s ns , o e,
27 5 n e 3 16 e c o,
D uti f am g th R d ki
es o 27 5 on e e s ns , am g th R d ki 3 1 7
on e e s ns ,
C mm o h u f th
on am g th
,
o se o e, on e am g th Ab ip
on 317 e o ne s ,
R d ki am g th G li bi 3 1 7
i C a lif r ia 3 18
e 27 5 s ns , on e a s,
i S uth A m ri a 3 1 8
Th f th P u bl
e, o 277 e e os , n o n
C mmu i m i th R d ki
,
am g th Ta rtar 3 1 8
o n s 27 8 n e e s n, n o e c
Th familia l v luti ,
e d it an s e o on , on e s,
am th R d k i 28 5 ga l 3 1 8
,
on e e s ns, i Bn en
dt family 30 am g th C lt 3 18 ,
am g th Th ra ia 3 18
an e 1 on e e s,
“
S ial llul 301
oc ce
,
e,
”
on e c ns ,
F am ilial d t h family 303 am g th S yth ia 3 1 8
Tra i C r i a 318
an e on e c ns ,
f t h familial i C h i a 3 23
, ,
Tr a
c es o e n n n o s c
mmu al am g th , , ,
H b r w 3 26 i E ur p
f c es o co n , on e i th Tib
n e d 31 8 are n e e,
Tra
e e s, n ft d y 3 18
o e o o- a
f a i t am g th R a
,
C r t S d m y i 63
c es o nc en on e ft h
e s on o 3 19 e,
K ab yl
,
N t f u d i P r ia 330
8 28 es , e e, o o n,
VP rimitiv
o
es
o
ti g f a i t i I di a 334
at R m 3 34
es o
n n
nc e n
e s
,
,
n n , C y i i m E r ti i I dia 40
C l g D i d 48
ua
n c s
e,
,
ro t
o
Mas sage tes
e,
c, n n ,
P rimitiv i Gr
e, o e, o f th e ,
40
P rimitiv i I r la d 338
334 e, n ee c e ,
e, n e n eb auc h ery, S avage , an d h o fc l s ed t at ivi i
Cl er Th ubi at am g a i t
e c o nc n e
,
on n c en pe o ple s , 7 2
(fi th li 68 u am ki
Cl rgym S x u l r lati f b i rt h
o c 1 e c e n c y, R les o f, o ng R e ds n s , 290
,
iiu am ia
at r a
en , e a e on o s efl o ratio n , R e l o s , in C b o d , 47
e
g
am g 7 on 5 M e n l, m m t h e S ac c alav es , 6 7
C mp ti at R m ia
,
iv r
oe o 201 o e, in I n d , 6 7
C mmu i m i th R d ki la i t i ia
F r m t i divi du l i m 347 ava u tri
o n s n 27 8 e e s n c n, D o c e , F ac li y o f, in Ab yss n , 18 1
ubi ag i
o
rai
, o n a s ,
am
in s ge c o n es , 228
p r tituti
C o nc n e n o ne 1 54 o ng t h e B o n o s , 229
g
ub i g
Vi aEriuur pf rm1 68 f 160 am
,
C o nc n a e an 1 54 os o n, o n g t h e S o ul 1 mas , 229
o s o s o am at
o n g t h e F n ee s , 230
,
ia
ar i
n o e, in P o lyn es , 230
f i K abyli 1 69 a
Ab
E v luti
s enc e o
d m ralit y 1 7 0
o f 1 69 on o
,
,
n e,
am x
in t h e C o l n e I sl nds , 23 0
o ng th e M o o s , 23 1
i ia
r
an o in A b ys s n , 23 2
ubi at 60 ,
am a
am g th H b r w 161 a i t ru
Co nc n e, 1 o ng t h e A bs , 238
am g th A rab 1 6 1
on e e e s, in n c en P e , 240
amai i t
i p rimitiv G r
on e s, in l c Th b e , 240
am o ng th e M o ngo ls , 241
i m d r P ru 1 6 2 r
n 1 61 e ee c e ,
n o e n e , am on g th e H eb e w s , 242
6
3 4 I ND E X .
D iv r i G r 243 am Th pat r al am g h I a
ily
o ce n e ec e , F e e n on t e nc
at R m 24 , , s,
d r p u diati M at r al i P ru 29 3
o e, 4
am g ba rba r u p pl 23 2 P at r al i P ru 293
an 228 e on, e n , n e ,
d m d b y C h ri tia ity 2 5 P at r a l i M x i
on o s eo es , e n , n e ,
c on e ne s n 4 e n 29 3 n e c o,
v luti f 7 ,
ia 294 ,
d C h ri tia it y 2 7
Th e e o on o 24 i P ly
n o n es
am g th G rma 2 6
an
,
4 N l t f th at H aw aii
,
tr
s n , nen c a nre o e, ,
M d r
on e n c en s ,
G en es s o e e n , ,
umb r f i E u r p i f th pat r al i P ly
7 o e n, 24 295
I i G
g
eas e
g
n n e o n o e, e ne s s o e e n n o
ia
D g S x ua l
, ,
D w r
o s, a r
d it r ul t i F ra
e f 18 co s e n ess o
n as
on
95
am g th M g l 296 ,
2
e on o s,
D u k L v at fi r t i gh t i a w i ld 28
o e an 35 2 s es s n
,
nc e , am th T m l 296
on e a 1 s,
dt la
Th mat r a l
c , o e s s n , an 30e c n, 1
e 3 e n 30
E gyp t P lygam y i d th fam ilia l la
,
i f th ut ri 301
1 49
o n, an e 30 c n, 3
R yal i t i 66
,
i A f ri a 305
o n c es n, G e n es s o e e ne,
M gam i a i t 175
Pr t d r Th mat r al i K ffi l d 305
on o n n c en n c
gy e en a yi a i t e nec oc c
,
n nc en e e n
,
n a r an
,
am th F a t 30 , ,
A du lt ry i A f ri a 306
76 77 1 , 1 on e n e es , 5
Th m t r a l fam ily i
18 e n, 2 i n eas rn c
am g th Nubi 3 7 ,
Th pat r a l family i
e 308
a e n n, on e ans , 0
i E gyp t 807
Th pat r al i D h m y 30
e e n n, n
E ma ulati i Ab y i ia 26 5
,
Th mat r al i A f ri a
sc on n ss n e e n n a o e 5
E d am y i N w Z a la d
, , ,
mat r al i M adaga a r
n o n e e n 5 n c 30
g e e n
B gal 3 1 5
, , ,
tu u i P r ia 330
1n en , Th e e n , n sc ,
am g t Nair 3 11
e n o es on e, n a
S d m y am
,
b y a ptu r am g th 94
g th
am g th ab rigi f B gal
o o 8 on e, 5 on e s,
M
E t ru a mat r al fami ly am g
a 0 c e on e, on e o nes o en ,
Th mat r a l i B ga l 3 1 3
sc ns , e e n on 3 3 1
ga l 3 14
, ,
Th p rimitiv
Eu p
p 6£
r e, nc reas e o e e s e e n , n en ,
E x gam i B ivili d u t ri 3 22
n, 1 e 3 20 e,
o ga l 3 1 5 n en i n c se co n es ,
fty la am g th R d ki i Ch i a 32
,
i Ja p a
o e c 27 6n on e e s ns , n n 2
at S am a 29 ,
Th pat r a l i C h i a 3 23
o , 4 n 3 3 n, 2
e e n n n
F ami ly B al fth mal i th a imal am g th S mit 32 , ,
H b r w 3 26
g th
Mat r al am g t th a imal 21
21 c es o e e n , on e
am g t th mammif r 25 Th mat r a l i P h
e n , on s e n s, e e s, 0
i 3 27
am gth B rb r 3 27 B
on s e e s, e e n n oen c 1a ,
am g t th a imal 29
,
M a t r l am g t th N ai r 8 1 Th mat r al am rb r
on s e n s, on e e e s,
g th
Mat r al at R m 202
e na on s e s, e e n on e e e s,
, ,
i P r ia 3 30
e n , o e, 3 27
n e s
i M la i 335 268 i I dia 33
,
i A m ri a 27 4 Th mat r al
e n n e e n n n i
, s ,
m g th Tam l ,
on
,
0
M at r a l am g th R d ki
n e c e e n a e i s,
, ,
Th G r
e ns ,
R ma
e n , on e s
Th mat r al i G r
27 8 e 334
ec o - o n,
v luti f th 284 Th mat r al i E t ru r ia 3 36
335
d th mat riar hat
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am g th R d ki 109 D tal at R m 200
i C t ral A m ri a 1 09
on e e s ns , o o e,
v luti f at R m 201
,
am g th H br w 1 1 0 with th G rma
on e o n es o en ,
o 204
s an s n,
by pu r h a ai ti 205
on e e e s, pu h rc as e 204 e e ns,
Fr
c1 10 se , rs an ,
am g th H tt t t 1 11 at H ayti 233
T m p ra ry am g th I ri h 2 6
on e o en o s , ee ,
am g th K fli 1 1 1 ,
C mmu l t ra it ry
i C n en c o n n s 2
at S k t 1 1 2 , ,
z
at K u ra k 1 1 2
ac a oo , o na A t
, ns o in us ra
o n o, li 27 3 a,
i P ly
n o ia 1 3 n es 1 m a th R d ki
o 27 5 e e s ns ,
th R d ki
,
ith th R d ki 29 3
Th r r t f at S umat ra 309
m a o 11 3 e e s ns , Ln os s uo us , w e e s ns ,
M xi b y p ur h a
i C n i 114 o rn a , ee s o s o
i M a la ya 309
, ,
b y pu r h a
i N
tral Am ri a 1 15
n ew 114 e c o, c se n
i B gal 3 15
,
am g th G uara i 1 5 Tr a f f rat r al i Ch i a 3 23
i C n en e c , c se n en ,
T rm i P r ia 33 1
on e n s, 1 c es o e n n n
am g th M g l
, ,
th fr q u
on e co ns , n e s e se n an e,
I flu fm
, ,
i Ch m H
ii ai gm 1 1 d 1 1 7
n n enc e o y y on e on e e en c
m x i
t h A ra b
f 3 1
'
a ) o r1 n ia, o 5
m i g
o e es o ,
ti
F ra
a or e 11 8
s, Th g f l
e a e o f 352 e ec on o
am g th Afgh a L at
,
i B ra h ma i I dia D i p r p rti at i F ra 35 3
on 8e ns , 1 1 e , 111 3 nc e , 52
Th futu r
n 19 n c n , 1
s o o on e n nc e ,
am ng th S a di avia 1 19
i t h futu r 358
f 3
am g th G rma 1 19
o e c n n ns , e e o 54
b y aff ti
,
on e e ns , ec on n e e,
IND E X . 6
3 9
M o g n L , S ge s o fth e
d t h mat r al family 202
i b n 24 ees , , ly c c o d
.
~
u iary f th T ua r g w m d ra
an e e n , g in 7 to , 34
P ec n , o e o e o en, M o s es a n i pe n w ar, 9 3
M mb J m
u o u bo , 1 28
M a Th ubi at i 1 65
ia A dult ry i 209 a r P l a dr
ec c e c onc n e n,
M la
,
itiati i ma r i ag am g th y o f, 80
e n es e n, i s, o y n
Th fami ly i 268
,
truati
e n, In on n r e on e,
M d vulati
M xi P lygam y f t h gr at i fi mat r a l famil am th
en s 8
o n an o on,
avu u a r fami l am
e c o, o 1 48 o e e n, e e n y ong 81 e,
M gam y f t h p p l i
o no 9 o e eo e n, 14 Th nc l o ng t h e ,
Th u bi at i a i t 163
e c o nc n e n n c en 31 e y
gam y i fami ly am g th 3 11
,
M
Th pat r a l family i 29 3 a l p lya dry f th 3 2
o no 7 n, 1 4 Th e on e,
R ati
P r mi uit y f h i f
e e n n, on o n o e, 1
A dul t y i 21 er n, 5 N m q i
a a uo s , f o sc o c e s o
M d ty G
o es i f 56 en es s o h t e , 44
1 P lygam y f t h N t lity u gulat d am g fi h
, ,
M
N atu r p r i fi ati f atural
on 0 s, o 1 33 o e, a a nre 24 e on s es ,
ub i at am g th 164 , ,
fr 5
h e c onc n e on e, the, e e son c on o n
M gam y am g t h
A du lt ry am
ono 82 on e, 1 o c es ,
g th fd i
am g t Dj b l T gg lé
e 2 6 on e, 1 Ab s e nc e oi 34 es n n,
R pu diati am g th 2 0 Nfi
D iv r
e on on e, 4 e Th
r, e, on e e e - a a
am g th 2 0 ,
r R a ri g
o ce on e, 4 23 3
Th family am N m i f y u g
th
r El
e 96 on e, 2 e es a eon o a, e n o o n
M k y P lygam y tai 33 w ith th
on
r r at d f h ummi g bi rd 1
22
e s, o o ce n, e,
M gam y i tai 33 N t D
P lygam y f a t h r p m rp h u 3 3
on o n ce n, es s , ec o e o n -
s, 4
N w C a l d ia S d m y i 6
,
A du lt ry i
o o n o o o o s, e e on , o o n, 2
M g m y f 33
C j o no
uga l l f f mal am g t
on
a o
o ve o
,
e es on s ,
T h l vi rat i
N i gh ti gal A m r u
e
209 e
26 3
e
n,
e n,
w dp k r 27
33 n g f 14
e, o o s s on o
gam y f g ld at m ,
M N
i pa rr t 27 rati 3
ono o o en oo ec e s,
j
o c es , R us tes , 2 02 o e,
f th I lli N t it th b a i
f ra pa i u a imal 27
o e no s o , u r lo n fg e s s o en e o n,
f a t h r p m rp h u ap
o c o s n s,
O ma h a Th fam i ly am o g t t h
f rtai a p
o n o33 o o o s es , s, e 28 7 n s e3
P a ram ia G rati i th 6
o ce 2 n es , 4
i P ly ia 29
P ar t Th p w r f 1 0
n o nes 1 oec e ne on n e,
da w i g am g th B atta
, ,
R i gh t fp r pr i t y f v r h i ldr
n n 1 33 on e s, en s , e o e o 5
da w i g am g t h R d ki
,
n n 131 on e e s ns , o o e o o e c e n,
da w i g am g t h a b i gi
,
P a ri F marri g at 1 69
n n f on e or n es o 6 10
I dia 1 33
P r l ta ria b ligat r y i P r u 1 49 P a rr t C j
n s, ree a es
,
i M xi
o e n, o o n e o on e o no s ,
f t h p pula f m ili at R m 3 3 3
, ,
P rimit v P at r ity b y u gg ti
o e o 1 9 ce n e c o, 4 P a ter a as o e,
i I dia 333
f i f ri r r a
17 1 i e, e n s es on n n
at R m 33 7 ,
P at i a r h at am
o n e 1 71 o c es , P t i P t
a r a o es tas o e,
C au f 71s es o 1 r c g th a imal 21 e on e n s,
I d al f 7 S miti 3 25
,
t ral A m i a 1 7 4
e o 1 1 e c
i I dia 3 3 2
, ,
A dmi i trativ i P ru
i C n en er c n n
,
at R m 3 3 7 ,
i M xi P r ia I
n s 74 e, n e 1 o e,
n 17 e c o, 5
,
e s t i a i t 66
n c es n n c en
i a i t E gypt 1 7 P lygam y i a i t 15 0
, ,
f th T ua r g
n nc en 5 o n n c en
d Ab y i ia ubi at i a i t 1 66
, ,
A dult ry i
o e o e s an ss n ns Th e c onc n e n n c en ,
79 1 220 e n,
am gth M g l 1 8 2
on e on o s, Th fami ly i e 33 0 n,
i Th b t 1 8 2
n i e N la i
o c 330 ns n,
i Ch i a 8 5 tu u d gam y i 330
,
T r m ma rr iag i
n n 1 I nc es o s en o n,
d ivili ati
,
H b rai d A r ya
an c 186 s on, e 33 1
- e n,
Law f u i i 33 2
f u p ri r ra P ru S d m y i
e 1 89
c an n, s o s c c e ss o n n,
d i r alit y 1 89
e e 1 o e n o no o o
I d al
,
e an n e in , 1 4 9
mitigat d i I dia 9 , ,
i th futu r 35 7
n c ub ii age in , 1 6 2
gmi i g
e n n 1 1
,
m am
t g f a rdi g t A ut r
n e e, ol n s rative o no g y in , 1 7 4
B rti ll
Ad
iv r a
van a es o cc o n o A d l e y in , 21 5
i t
.
,
O rigi
D o c e in n c e n , 240
at r a
e 3 9 o n, 4
M tai g fla w i fami am
a rdi g t 349
on ne , f n o s o c o nsc enc e Th e p e n l ly o ng th e
a
M r lity Va ria bi lity f 7 3 at r a
cco n o, I n c s o f, 29 3
o a , o , i
P geo n s , M e n l lo e in, 30 v
3 7 °
s t in mam m als , 3 1
a i t ra R t r i ti ra
s a s and, 1 3 9
o f th e
r
nc e n A bs, es c o ns o n , in t h e K o n, 1 40
b i rt h 7 4
x ual pr p rti f
se o o on o
C l tial i
e es
111 13gypt , in
, n
M xi
th e K o a
e c o , an d
n , 1 42
in P e ru ,
f gi rl 7 6 u j ti
s, 1 48
d i fa ti i d
an n n c e o s, an d m
th e s b ec o n o f w o en , 1 48
d al f gi l 7 t
r 6
r
in E gyp , 1 48
x
an s e o r s,
h tb al 76 at i
in Me c o , 1 48
a i t r ia
as n o g ee n e ne o f th e g e
B rit
Th th
V i ra
e e by f 7 7 n ra in n c e n P e s , 1 50
g g o
f t h A ra b 7 7
f h i
,
am
77
rav mauti i ia
o t e an en o ns , o ng th e ed c A y ns , 15 0
o e s, in B h n c I nd , 1 5 1
f t h G ua
f t h N w Z ala d r 7 7
o h
e 77 nc es , Th e e ol o n o f, 1 5 2
i ti t
f t h Ma rqu a I la d r 7 7 fav u r r
o e e e n e s, G e n es s o f t h e in s n c o f, 1 5 5
i A m ri a 7 7
o e es s s n e s, m ay o t
th e g o w h o f p op ula
ti
f th a b rigi ia i ti u m ra
n e c o n, 3 49
f I dia 7 7 u
,
r
o e o ne s o n P o lynes , L c e n o s o ls o f yo ng
f th H i d
,
gi ls in , 50
i ti u m ra
o e 77 n oo s ,
at C yl 7 8
F ra t r al i Th i b t 7 8 ra tituti ir
e o n, L c en o s o ls in , 5 9
e n n e P os o n o fg ls in , 5 9
am g th T da 80 , ,
i iv
f th Nai r 80 r m a mua
on e o s, L e s ng o f w es in, 60
o e s, F ee do o f wo e n in , 60
f Th ib t d f Nm m 8 1 m
i t A rab ia 8 2
o e an o S h am eless l ng ge o f th e w o e n
i a
,
f A ra b 8
n nc e n i11 , 6 l
C au
,
F rat r al i Arab ia 84
Th e A reo is o f, 6 1
'
s es o 4
,
m
ral 86
M at ria r h al 8 7
i gn e ne
e n ,
,
n ,
at r a r t i fa ti i
S o do y in 6 1
P e n l igh o f n n c de in , 11 3
am
P atr ia r h a l 8 7
c P o lyg y in , 1 29
,
M o nog am
utr
c in , 1 29
v luti f 8 8
e e o on o
,
A d l e y n 21 2
ta
,
fami l in , 294
F u p igM ala ba r 3 11 i at r a fami
d ly m y i R ho a1 33 n eo n, Th e
al f th Na1r 3 1 2
e i l G en e s s 0 p e n l ly in , 29 5
R ti ti
,
a on o e s, A do p o n in , 296
Po gam y f alli a
ly
,
u ati it tti a
fav u r gby iabi lity 3 1 ra fav ur
o 26 n c e ae , Pop l o n , dens y o f, in A c , 19 8
o s oc I nc e s e o f, o m tim
ed s o e es
f mammal 3 2
,
lygam
f rtai m t fat r at m
o s, by 3 49
k 33
r i ati ri ti t
o ce n on s s, P o tes tas , h e , o f e he R o e , 1 99
u ap
P rimitiv 1 22
P el b
th p m p
r
f o an ro o 33 or o s e s, o n , R gh o f, 48
i t
i O a ia A f ri a d Am ri a q
e, Th e gh o f, and t h e gh o f c o n
u t 48
Pr M at r al f i
n ce n c an e c es
, , ,
i ,
t 22
r trai i g 2 P rim g itu r R igh t f 333
22 1 e sc e n c e , e n o ns e c s ,
C au
,
P r r ativ i ti
ses es n n 1 2 o en e, o
C al d ia 1 23
,
t O i f9 ,
‘
ubi g at F ij i 2 P r mi uity am g
Oh t f i N
ec o n ew e on oc e e ns nc r 11 o
, ,
ia l a imal 26 , ,
th m a u r e
c o nc
f w a lth
e s t h Zam e o
na e
e on
, 1 4
e
o
o
sc
fth I r u p
e
am g th mammal 3 1
i 26
c te
on
s
soc
ec o r s ,
e n s,
b i 1 25
mi m tiv f i Afri I f th r h
es on e s,
,
a tag f 3 7
i th l w t f rm f x ual a
E c o no c o es o r, n c a, b
e e as een s e o
ia ,
r tmrai am
1 25
d ar
s e o es o o se sso c
d by t ti 38
f
riar am ti g tlvi rth umab rat
es ne e e n es s o on ,
g t
Ex iv i C t ral Afri a 7
w o en B g 26 on s e on os , 1 e on s 38 e e es ,
c e ss e, n en c 12 s e xc e ity 3 9
o na n n
ia 1 29 Ca h uma
, ,
i S uth A m ri a i t h Tr gl dyt 3 9
i P ly
n o n es se 0 39 n,
f th I dia
,
o e n ns n o e c ,
n e o o e,
o f th e Agath yrs e s , 40
am g th R d ki 1 31
on e e s ns ,
i t r
o f th e A ns es , 4 1
a ig f w a lth am g th R d
s n o e on e e
rimitiv r k
o f th e an c en I is h , 41
ki 1 31
s ns, o fp e G e e s , 42
i A ia
n d i Eu
i d B g ta 1 33
s an 1 32 n ro e ,
P rrimitiv
in t h e Tim oeus , 42
imitiv ia
e , in C h n , 4 2
dp l
ro an in co n,
f th
o di e y 1 35
o c ans , P ia
e , in I n d , 42
f th G au l 1 35 o f t h e A n dam anit e s , 43
o
f th G ma
e s,
ia a if r a
P r im itiv
o e
1 36
1 35 er
e,
ns ,
ofc e rtai a ri
o f th e I nd n s o f C l o ni , 43
n bo ia
n e s o fI n d , 43
E v luti o f 1 37 on o o f th e Z apo ro o ss ac k s , 43
f ivili d
,
iiu t ia
R el g o s , o f e Ansar n s , 43
1033
o c 1 se 08 ,
Th t g e s a e o f th e Y az idies , 44
I ND E X .
S7 I
Pr miR uitu at f h Nh mK q i hi f
amilar i
Re ds ns ,ki arr iag am g th 27 6
M
yo t
rmat
o sc e a a uo s c e s, 44 e on e,
ita am g th 27 5
N u iv r a l ta
I nhe
d
r
eg l e o ft e o 44 nc e on e,
al fami ly am g th
.
, ,
Pr p r t pa r t vr
f
22?
o n e s s ge o 44 e n on e,
Ri ht
,
h il r
o e y, g o f, of en s o e
C mmu i m i t h la
Pr tituti Th p w r
c d e n, 1 06 o n s f th 27 8 n e c n o e,
os R i I dia
on, e o us , n n 46 e f th w m
o e am go e o en on
at b l ous , y o n 46
,
th 27 8 e,
R li i u i th Akili f w ma am g th
fy u g girl i Japa
e g o s, n e s enus , 46 S bj t i 11 ec on o o n on e,
o o u
n s n n, 5 1 28 3
D t i a i tR m la am g th
u rabl
o a l, n nc en o e, 51 Th e c n 28 5 on e,
h a ma ia 7 Th fami ly am
gi rl am atu r am g th
o no e 111 T s n , 5 e th 286 on e,
iém
gl d m it on th e A n a an e s , 58 F ili l
s m a no en c
g
s e on e,
l i rs n P0 yn e sia, 59
Re am nc en S em a i t A d p ti am g th 291
tu u marriag am g th
o us , o ng t h e o on on e,
it 86 es , I nc es o s es on e,
E v luti f 15 5
o on o
A th v luti f th family am g
,
im iti
238 t l A m ri a 1 56
r 1 56 ve en s , Th e e o on o e on
th
f pat r a l fili ti
9 n ra e c 29 2 e,
i Ja pa am g
,
i B ra h ma i I dia 1 5 9
n 157 n, G i
e n es s o e n a on on
d div r
n n c n th 293 e,
i B u ddhi t I dia 1 5 9 pu diati
,
i Fr
n o e n n i n s a e co n es ,
i t h M i ddl Ag i N w C l d ia 229
,
n anc e 1 60
n e e e s, n e a e on
d ub i ag 1 5 4 am g th H tt t t 229 ,
M a ria g
an c onc n e, on e o en o s ,
fl v am g th R d ki 23
am g th E quimaux 23 1
'
u bl
e os , th
r 114 es o o e in e, on e e s ns , 1
la
at M adaga a r 233
Th f th
e c 27 7 ns o e, on e s ,
am g th Dj b l T gg l 233
sc
t p i u a imal M gam y f 27
,
am g th T ua r g 234
a ac o s n s, ono o , on e e e -
a a e,
m A u t ralia 90
t p 89
a e on e o e s,
,
am g th K abyl 23 4
am g th gr f A fri a 9 2 am g th A rab 23 7
s , on e es ,
Th x
i N w G ui
p iatie e
on
f i A u t ra lia 9 1
a 91
e ne
on o
oes o
, n s
c ,
,
i C hma 2
on
am gth M g l 240
on
e
e on
s,
o s,
am g th I dia fAm ri a 92
n e ne n 41
i I dia 2
, ,
am g th Ta rta r 9 am g th H br w 242
on e n ns o e c ,
n n , 42
am g th H br w 93 i Gr
on e s, 3 on e e e s,
on e e e s, n 2 3eec e , 4
dM at R m 2
am g th G rma 246
w in 93
ar, an o ses , o e, 44
am g th C lt 93
t a ri g f
i w n ar on e e s, on e e ns ,
e n g am
o g a im l 21
n on n a s, am g th S a di avia 246
on n n ns ,
W th t lyuN m i E l
o e c
m 22 am g th T h k
F amilial a th r p ph a gy f i f u dal F ra
i e e es a e on o , on e2 6 c e r es s e s , 4
t d ki
e s ns , n o o o n e 2 6 nc e , 4
m L a f th w if i a i t 5 3
b y a ptu r at
th 26 e, Ro e, o n o e e n n c en
S d m y am
,
M
M arriag b y a ptu r am g th 9 5
o og th 62 on e, a e c e 100
im l t d t a lav at
,
f p r t ti f r lati
e c e on e, Th w i e e as s 1 a e o s e
R igh t
,
M a rriag b y p ur h a at 1 20
o e o en c l 4 e c on e on
P lygam y am
, ,
S i t r w iv M a rr ia g b y w at 1 20
o g th 1 31 on e, e c se
am g th 1 31 ,
M a rriag b y mp i at 1 20
s e es on e, e ne
P lygam y a ig f w a lth am g
,
D ta l ma rr ag at 1 20
o s n o e on e c oe t on ,
C j ugal
th 32 e, 1 o 1 e
u bm i i f w m ubi at at 1 66 ,
M a rr iag i a i t 1 98
on s s s on o o en Th e c o nc n e
am g th 32 ,
M a rriag f h i ldr
on e, 1 e n nc en
M gam i t d i am g th at 1 98 ,
R lativ li b r t
o no c en e nc es on e, es o c en
f t h w if at 1 98
,
S u bj ti u i r d a daugh t r
1 30 e e e o e e
fw m am g th Th w if
,
ec on o o en on e, e e co s e e as e
h u b a d at 1 98
Adul t r y am g th 21 3 f t h fat h r at 1 99
1 32 fh o er s n ,
e on e, Th p e otes tas o e e
Wi d w h d am g t h 25 2 fth h u b d at 200
,
Th m
D tal ma rr iag at 200
o oo on e, e an na o e s an
R ul y am
,
Th l vi rat am g th M a rriag b y w
fd es o g th 29 8
ec en c on e, o e
at 201 ,
M a rriag b y
e e e on e, e as
mp ti at 201
,
m f th 27 5
M a rria
Th t e o te s o e, e c oe o
la am ti at 201
,
Th e c th 27 5 n on by f e c on a rrea o
g
e,
mm u f th la L a w m at 201 ,
e
D uti la am g th 27 5 ubii at 202
E x gam y fth
,
o o ec n on e, e e n ,
372 IND E X .
Ro m
D iv r
e,
at 2
at 202
Th e spurii , S utte e s , I n dian , in th e e o fAl e n de ; tim xa r
m r i
o ce 44 25 7
R p u diati at ,
e on in o de n t mes , 258
Wi d w h d at 61 u i u t m am
,
o oo 2 S c c e s s o n, C s o s o f, o ng th eR e d
at 33 ,
ki
Th p rim itiv
Th g e ens 5 s ns , 27 7 , 27 8
la at a am
,
Th p t ria r h at at 33 7 ri
e e c n L ws o f, o ng th e K b yles , 3 29
Th righ t f u
,
a a
r
e a c e L w s o f, in P e s a, 33
e i f th g o s c c es s o n o
,
e en The i t
gh o f, o f t h e gent iles at
il at 338 m
rma
t es R o e , 338
Th v luti f th fami ly at
e e o
,
on o e , a
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Illu trat
s ed Vo lum es, co n tain ing betw ee n 300 and 400 page s .
T H E E V O L UT O N O F S E X I . By P r of . P ATR IC K G E DD ES
and J A R
. T H UR T H O M SO N .
E L E C TR C T I I Y IN M ODE R N L I FE . By G . w . DE
T U N Z E L M AN N .
I I
T H E O R G N O F T H E AR YA NS By Dr I SAAC TAYLOR . . .
P H Y S I O G NO M Y AND E X PR E S S I O N B y P M ANTE G AZ Z A . . .
I
T H E V L L A G E C O MM U N T I Y . By G L G O M M E . . .
TH E CR I M I NAL By H V C K E S . A E LO LL I .
S A NI T Y AND I NSA N I TY By D C M C E . r . . ER I R.
H Y P NO T I S M By D A MO .
( B e rl in ) r . L BE R T LL .
M ANUAL TR A I NI NG By D C M WOO WA D . r
. . . D R .
T H E S C I E NC E O F F A I R Y TAL E S By E W N . D I S ID N E Y
H AR TL AN D .
PRI M IT IV E FO L K . By E L I E R E C L US .
BAC TE R I A AN D TH E R I P R O D U C TS Dy D r S I MS
WO O D H E AD
. .
TH E E V O L U T O N O F I M AR R I A G E . B y L E TO U R N E AU .
t r v um f at o llo w sh o t r i t r v lM i l di
tr ag ti r
O he ol es to n e a s, nc u n
a ua ” “
Th e D e velo m en t o f Ele c ital “
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T h e fo lo w ing Write rs a re p p i g V lu m re f th i S
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CR O WN 8 o o, CL O TH , P R I CE 31 6d P E R VOL UM E . . .
am d f m f H rik Ib
Th e n e an aadva i g d y by d y i E gla d
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far it h g ( V l I d am g th v ry b t a h i v m t i th at
n n n i e e no es Ib on n n e n e ese n e s on o se n ,
ki d f u g rati
so as as o ne o s . . an on e e es c e e en s , n
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TH E L E AG UE O F Y O U TH ( never before
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L A ND ,
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TH E P R E TE ND E R S
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i h an I n o d c o ry No e Wt tr u t t
rtr a t
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and P o i o f Ibse n .
VOL 1 14
E M PE R O R AN D G AL L E AN I .
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A VVO I ld-H is t ri
o c D ra m a .
j US T I S S UE D . C row n 8 71 0, P ric e On e
ROS MERS H O L M A D ram a in F ur A t o c s.
By H e n i r k Ib s e n. Tr a lat d by C ha r l
ns e es A r c he r .
JU S T I S S U E D . I
PR C E O N E S H IL L I NG .
CR O WN 8 71 0, R E VI S E D A N D C H E A P E R E D I T/ 01V
NEW S P IR IT
.
TH E .
BY H AV E L O C K E L L IS .
a ik k it i i it fu ri u Mr
r
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i u a k i i t i u u t it t
. .
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E ll s h as p od c e d b o o w h c h w ll be h o ly d s c ss ed, n o do b , fo r
if l os s a y e o l it a k
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CAREER OF A NIHILIST .
A NO V E L .
BY S T E P N I A K,
’
A ut/z o r o f Tbe R uss ia n S torm Tli e R uss ia n P easa n try ,
’
R uss ia unaer tlz e Tz a rs, etc . etc .
a rg ti f th E gli h pu bli w r a di g Ru ia fi t i
The l
fthi w r k th fi r t
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s Oh e e n an o en en a e n e
th T r liv d l t u i t th ry h t d r t f Nihili m
xhibiti g that u btl p y h l gy w hi h w hav l a t t l k
e za e , an e s s n o e ve ear an s ec e o s .
B ides es e n s e s c o o "
c e e e rn o oo
fo r as a s p ia l t r a it f Recu ia w r it r t hio v l i fu ll
ss f t ir ni g e s, s no e s o s rn
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o s se ss es o ne o d path t i pl t t b e os o e an e c o s o e
f u d i th w h l a g
o n n e ffi t i o e r n e o c o n.
O ne e p e c s x t a Nihilis t r ma
by S epni oto be f ll o f th e
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b th ta lk flit r a ry L
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re o e sc n
of n oo n e n a s areer a i sz .
Lo n do n : WA L T E R S COTT, 24 Warw ic k L an e, P at r e no s e tr Ro w .
D emy 8 00, C lo t/z, 4 2 0 P ages, P ric e 7 s 6 a .
’
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A S H O R T H I ST O R Y
TH E P O L I T Y O F TH E E NG L I S H - S PE A K ING R AC E .
By jA M E s K . S
H O M E R, P r of
ess o ri n Wa sh ing o n t Univ e r ity; Au h r
s t o of
A L ife f
o Young S ir H arry Van e, e tc .
I n th is b oo k a n e ffo r t i m a de t o co m p ress a s k e t c h f
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s
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d anp ubl i c l ibr r ies — A tn un a . en £ 7 .
L o n do n : WAL TE R S C O TT, 24 Wa r w i c k L a ne , P at re no s e tr R aw .
Al on /li ly S k illing Volum es . C lot/i, c ut or u n c ut edges .
TH E CA M E L OT S E R I E S .
E D IT E D BY E RNE S T S RH Y . VOL UM E S AL R E A D Y I SS U ED
TH OR E A U S WALDE N ’
. E PI CTETU S .
E NG LI S H OP I U M EA TE R -
. TH E E NGLI S H P OE TS .
PL U TAR CH S ’
L IVES . E S SAY S OF WI L L IA M H AZ LI TT .
RE LI G I O ME DI CI, 8m . L A ND OR S PE NTA ME R O N, 8m
’
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P R OS E WRI TI NGS OF S WI FT . VI CA R OF .
MY S TU DY WI NDOWS .
P OLI TI CAL OR ATI ONS .
L OR D B Y R ON S ’
LETTE R S . TH OREA U S WE EK
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L ONGF E L LO WS ’
P R OSE . AUTOCR AT OF TH E B RE A KF A S T-TA BLE
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SELB OR NE . S PE N CE S A NE CDOTE S
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DEF OE S S I NG L E TON
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MAZ Z I NI S E SS A S Y SA DI S G U LI S TA N
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RE YNOLDS ’
DIS CO R S ES U . NOR TH ER N S TU DI E S .
S S
P AP E R OF TE E LE AND AD DI S ON . FA MOUS RE V I E WS .
BUR NS S LETTE R S
’ ’
.
A R I S TOTL E S E TH I CS .
V OLS U NG A S A G A . P ER I CLES A ND A S PA SI A .
S ARTOR R E S AR TU S . AN NAL S OF TA CI T US .
SE NE C A S MOR ALS
’
.
B ALZ A C .
F
L I E OF L OR D H E RBERT .
COR A L RE EF S .
E NGLI S H P R OSE .
S H E RID AN S P LA S
’
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IB S E N S P I LL ARS OF S OCI ET
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A N E W S E R IE S OF C R T C AL I I B I O G R A P H IE S .
Ed it d by P r f
e o es s o rE R IC S R O B E R TS ON, M A
. . .
M ONTH L Y S H I L L I N G V O L U M E S .
V OL UM E S A L R E A D Y I S S UE D
I
L F E O F L O NG F E L L O W By P r f E ri S R b t
m t r a itt r k
. o . c . o er so n .
A os M ea d ble l le w o
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Li verp ool
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L IF E O F C O L E R ID G E
. .
By H a ll C a i
r vi r u itt t r u ut it i rit r at it rar
ne
i—f
.
“
B e and go o s, wr en h o gh o w h sp an d g e l e y
k s ill
m S c o ts an
L I F E O F D I C K E NS k T M a r ia l
. .
By P
matt r t at r i t r ati
ran z s.
N t it ta i ma
. .
ik
av at a
r
h s n d ng th e
k
o
r
D c e n s and his w o s
mm
w
u u ti
ss of
m a r t i v um
u ar if
e h h as b e e n p n e d e l
w e s h o ld, n l w e c a e c o s s h s o l
a m t
ng to
e, .
u ar v i t i r a ati f t r i ut r m v
h e b e en lo s s to en d an y p o p l l e o f E ngl n d s
’
ec o os
op l n o e l s as b e n g e lly s Th e d ffi c l y Is e o e d b y
k —
s ac o y
p itt
.
L F E O F D A N TE G A B R E L R O S S E TT
r r
n
at t ai t fu t
. . .
M K “
r n igh t s
’
p ic ture o f t h e g e po e an d p n e is t h e lles an d
t u i —
.
b es d ye t p res en te to t h e p bl c Th e Grap h ic
L I F E O F S A M U E L JO H N S O N l F G ra t
. .
By C l
r rf—rm u ju m t
o o ne n
a t ta k it i
. . .
a ur a
C o lo n el G n h as p e o ed h dil ge n c e ,
h is s w so nd dg en
ta t
goo d s e , an d N cc cy I llus tra ted L o n do n ews
,
L I F E O F D A R W IN
. .
By G T B e ttan
a u y
i ti u r k
. . . .
— r
M M fD arwin is n d an d c ons c en
’
G T B e ttan y s
r. . . e o so o s wo .
S a tu da y Review
By A Birr ll
.
L I F E O F C H A R L O TTE B R O N TE
ar tt r t i ar m r
e
k mu t
. . .
t rt a r i
Th o s e w h o no w c h of
C h lo e B o n e w ll le n o e , an d h ose
k t i a ut — i t at
irr
who no w no h ng b o h er w ll fi n d all h is b es wo h le n ng in
M raa t k
B e ll s
’
L I F E O F TH O M A S C A R L Y L E By R G a r
. . . .
t LL D ne t
i a mira k Nti u m r f i it u — fai r
. . .
, .
t r u ar rk
Th s is d
an ble b o o o h ng c o ld b e o e el c o s an d er
ta i tak if
.
”
w ay in w h c h he h gh C lyle s l e an d w o
2
h
’
n 18 es us o s . P all
M a ll a z e tte
L I F E O F A D A M S M I TH
.
By R B H a lda M P
Wr itt x
ne,
ith a ld m mplifi d wh d ali g with
. . . . .
“
pi uity en w e rs c se o e e e en e n
mi i
ec o no m c s c enc e
”
o ts an
L I F E O F K E A TS
. .
By W M R tti
V
I dp
aluabl f th ampl i f rmati w h i h it tai —C m b idg
“
nd e en en t
e or e
.
e n o
. .
on
o s se
c
.
c on ns . a r e
L IF E O F S H E L L E Y By Willia m S h a r p
.
th b t b i gra p i
Th e c hi c s s en e s c a on o o e n e
W mi t R i w
.
e es f S h ll y o es o e e es t ns er ev e
L I F E O F S M O L L E TT By D av id H a a y
. .
c e ec o o e o s e ns o n e o e e s e s
fth E gli h v l S t d yR i w ”
o e n s no e a ur a ev e
L I F E O F G O L D S M I TH
. .
By A u ti D b
t ry fhi lit rary d ial lif i L d ith ll it h um r u
. s n o so n .
vi i itu d i h r r t ld uld t ll it b tt r
Th e s o o s e an soc e n on on, w a s o o s
d p a th ti
”
an e c c ss es , s e e e o , as n o n e c o e e e .
D a ily Nem .
I
L F E O F S C O TT r Y B P r of
j abl k —A b d F P g esso on e.
Th i i a m t
.
r Bla k i
s s os en o y e oo . er een ree res s.
L IF E O F B U R NS By P r f
dit r r h p r uad d Bla ki t wr it
o es so c e
tai ma d a hit
. .
ab ut u r — M ll G
Th e e o h ce nly e w en e e s e c e o e
"
B P a ll az ette
By F r a k T M a r ial
o ns . a .
L I F E O F V I C TO R H U G O
v lum r t t i a m r h a d f rm th a
. n . z s .
M M
“
v r h a db —k g v th mma ry
arz ials s
’
r o e p e s en s o us , n o e n o n an y
at i k
.
ab ut h lif f h r at p t S r y i w
E gli h
n s or e en F en c h n oo i es , e su 0 wh s no wn
”
o t e e o t e g e oe . a tu da R ev e .
L IF E O F E M E RS O N B R i h d G a r tt L L D
N r rd f m r lif y d b m r d i rabl — rd R i
. c ar ne , . .
”
S ev ew.
’
0 ec o o E e s on s e c ou e o e es e. atu ay
L I F E O F G O E TH E By Ja m S im
a bi graph r f G th i b d
es e.
Jam im m t
qu ti M
.
M“
r . es S e s
’
co p e en c e as o e o oe e s eyo n
es on . G -
an c hes ter ua rdian .
L IF E O F C O NG R E V E B E dm u d G
ritt admi ra l bi gra h y — d m
. n o sse .
M G
“
r. h os s e as w e n an e o p .
"
A ca e y .
L IF E O F B U N Y A N By C a V a bl
t a r iativ d valuabl m m i r —S m
non en es .
A m t i t i
.
“
os n e ll gen pp ec e , an e e o c ots a n.
L IF E O F C R A B B E By T E K bb l
.
,
ar— r v d rtai a t f
o e
li h p t i S h ak
. . . .
“
N
atu r d fh uma if m r
o E ng s oe s nc e es pe e h as o b se e ce n s pe c s o
m
”
n e an o l A n l e o e Clo s e y th en aeu
L I F E O F H E IN E By Willia m S ha r p
. .
a dmi rabl m ra p m r f ll i tt p t — l v l f
. .
r tk d d th r li h rk S m
An e o nog th h o e u y wr en u o e e e o
m th a
”
ec en no w le ge an c ri tic rs n any o e E ng s wo c ot3 an
L IF E O F M IL L By W L C u r t y
. .
”
os sy e c an ld sc n ng e o asgow H era
L IF E O F S C H IL L E R ry W N v i —
. .
By H
r t th p t lif a at r d d i tu r S m
. en . e ns o n .
”
in ly
’
P es en s e oe s e ne o un e p c e c o ts an
L I F E O F C A P TA I N M A R R Y A T
. .
By D av id H a ay
t i —b p rai r
nn
W av h ma hi h M a a h
. .
j u ti t m rd R i i
e h e no h ng ut se fo r t e nn e n w c r . H nn y as
”
d one s ce o hi S a tu ay ev ew
L IF E O F L E S S ING
. .
By T W R ll t
t b k f h ri —M h r G rd
. . . o es o n .
”
O f h
ne o t e b es oo s o t e se es. anc es te ua ian
L I F E O F M I L TO N By R i h rd G a r tt L L D
.
v r b m r h rmi ad quat l t ld —S i h L d
. c a ne , . .
By F r d r i k W dm r
H as n e e een o e c a n gly o r e e y o
”
c o tt s ea er
L IF E O F BA L Z A C
. .
. e e c e o e.
L I F E O F G E O R G E E L I O T By O a r Br w i g . sc o n n .
L I F E O F JA N E A U S TE N By G ldwi S m ith . o n
By Willia m S ha rp
.
L IF E O F B R O WN ING .
L IF E O F B Y R O N
.
By H R d N l . o n. o en oe
L I F E O F H A W TH O R N E u r C way
.
By M . o nc e on
By P r f r Wa lla
.
L I F E O F S C H O P E NH A U E R o es so c e.
L I F E O F S H E R ID A N By L l yd S a d r
.
o n e s.
L I F E O F TH A C K E R A Y By H r m a M r iv l d F ra k
.
e n e a e an n
T M r ia l
.
. a z s.
L o n do n : \V AL T E R S C O T T, 24 \Varw ic k L a ne , P at r e no s e tr Row .
C an t e r
E D I TE D B Y WI L L I AM S H AR P . I N 1 / M O NTH LY V O LU ME S .
K E E L E S C H R I S TIA N Y E A R B A L L A D E S A N D R O ND E A U S
J it d b y J
'
’
Wh it
.
C OL E R ID G E Ed b S kips e y Ed G lee so n
e e
W
. .
. . .
L ONG F E L L O Ed E H o pe IR I S H M I N S T R E L S Y .
y it
. . . .
M I L T O N S ’A R A D I S L O S T
SHEL LE Y E d e d b y J S k i pse y
J ra a
'
W W
. . . .
OR D S OR TH E dite d b B ds h w , M A LL D
.
i t
. . . . .
E dite d b y A J S ym ng o n
J JA C O B T E B A L L A D S
. . . .
B L A KE Ed b o s e ph S ki s e y E dite d b y G S M ac uoid
W
. . .
H I TT IE R
. . .
d b y E va o pe . AUS TR A L IA N B A L L A D
W
. . .
P OE E di te d by Jo s e h S kips e S la de n , B A
rria J
E dit e d b y D B
c h m on : g it
. . . . . .
C H A TT E R T O N B y J M OOR E E d e d by oh n D o n
U t
. . . .
B R NS P o em s E di e d b y
U
B R NS S o n s
.
Jo s ep h S kip s ey
fi
B OR D E R B AL L A D S
i
E d te d b y G h R To s o n ra am armt .
W
. . . .
M AR L O E S O N G -T I D E B y P B M s on
d y P E P in k e rto n
J
. H . .
. . . .
KE A T S E di te d b y o h n B o gh e n
it
ODE S O F H OR A CE
a ati Vr
.
. .
a a rri
H E R B E R T . E d e d b y E R h ys Tr n s l o n s b y S ir S de e e, B t
U
. . .
.
H GO Traua b D e n C n to n O S S I AN E dite d b y G E To dd
W U ait
.
E L F I N M S I C . E d by A W e
. . . . .
CO PER E te d b y E v a o pe
U m
. . . . .
S H A K E S P E A R E S P o e m s , e tc
i iam a r
'
S O T H E Y . E d b y S R Th o ps o n
t U it at
.
E di e d b y W ll
. . . .
Sh p C H A C E R E d ed b F N P o n
E dite d b y W L e w n i W
. . .
. .
E ME R S O N P OE M S O F
U it
ILD IF E
rt
. . . .
S O N N E TS o f th is C E N T R Y E d e d b y C h as G D R o b e s , M A
E di e d b Will t iam a r
. . . . . .
Sh p P AR A D I S E R E G A I N E D
W it J rita a
.
.
H I TM A N E te d b y E Rh ys E d ed by B ds h w , M A , L L D
i am u
. .
. . . . . .
S C O TT M arm o n , e tc C R A B B E E d e db y E L plo gh
W
. . . .
.
D OR A G R E E N
i m ar
S C OTT L a dy o f t h e L a k e , e tc E LL
it
E d e d b y W llia it Wi iam
. . .
rai m
Sh p D orling
r r E d ed b ll
it
. .
P R AE D E d e d b y F ed C o o p e F AU S T E di by E C g yle
ar
. . .
. . .
A M E R I C A N S O NN E T S
H O G G B yhis D augh te r, 1\l rs G den
it i iam a r E d e d b y W ll
.
. .
G O L D S M IT H E d b yW Tire b uc k
.
. . . .
Sh p .
L A ND O R S P O E M S
r
’
MA C KA Y S L O V E L E T TE R S
t it a f
’ .
t S ele c e d an d E d e d b y E R d o d
.
S P E N S E R E di e db yH o n R N o e l
. .
. . . .
G R E E K AN TH OL O G Y
CH I L D R E N O F T H E P O E T S
r r it ra am m
.
it i t
.
E d ed b y E c S R o b e s o n E d ed b y G h R To s on . .
it H UNT A N D H O OD
. .
J O N S O N E d e db yJ A S ym o n ds
E dit d b y J H a r d P a ti g
. . . .
.
B Y R O N 2 V o ls ) E d b M B lin d . . . .
e . w oo n n .
TH E S O NE T S O F E R OP E
t a i t
E di e d b y S W dd n g o n
H U M OR O US P OE M S
.
t
.
ne
.
e
R A M S A Y . E d by
. .
L Ro b e s o n
it
. . . .
E dit d b y a F S h a rp
L Y TT O N S P L A Y S
’
D OB E L L E d e d b y M rs D o b ell
. . .
.
it tr u ti ar
e
D AY S O F TH E Y E A R . .
W h I n o d c o n b Wm S h p
.
E dit d b y William Sh a rp
G R E AT O D E S
it
. . .
P OP E
H E I NE
.
it r k r M E R E D I TH S P O E M S
E d e d b y o h n H o gb e n
E d e d b y M rs K o e e
. e .
E dit d b y M B th m E dw ar d
’
U
. . .
.
B E A M O NT
it J t r P AI N TE R P O E T S
F L E TCH E R e a s
-
.
e . .
E d ed by S F le c h e
W P a rk
. . .
-
L E S , L AM B , E dit d b y K i t
.
BO
t i iam
E di e d b y W ll Tire b uc k
WO M E N P O E T S
e ne on es .
S h a rp
.
E dit d b y M
E A R L Y E N G L IS H P O E T R Y
.
it a au a t i
.
e rs
E d ed by H M c
ar
l y Fi z g b b o n
. .
U t
. .
E di t d b y P r y H ulbu rd
S E A M S I C E di ed b y M rs S h p L OV E L Y R I C S
it
.
. .
H E R R I C K . E d e d b y E rn e s tR h ys .
e e c .
WAL TE R S CO TT 2 W r i k La '
P at r trR . 4 a w c ne , e no s e ow .
P O P U LAR B O O KS IN 3 VO L . S ETS
BY O L I E R V W
E N D E LL H O L M E S WA L TE R S A A G E L AN D O R V
W
, ,
C H AR L E S L A M B, L E I G H H N T, I L L I A M H A L I TT E TCU Z , .
By O L V E R I W E ND E L L HOL M E S .
W
R educ ed fao s im ile o f H OL ME S an d L A N D OR .
3 Vola , Cro w n 8 00, Clo th, Gilt Top, in S hell Cas e Pric e 4 8 6 d . . .
3 Vo ls . Cro w n 8 120, Clo th, Gilt Top, in Clo th Pe des tal Cas e 5 8
V arat at 1 16 a h
.
, ,
Th e o ls m ay b e h ad sep ely
r i t T p A ti qu
e c .
af
.
Als o in H l i
P o l sh ed M o o c c o , G l o , n e .
UN I F OR M WI TH A B O VE
I
S E L E C T O NS F R O M L AN D O R ( I N 3
I —I M A G I N A R Y C O N V E R S AT I O N S
2 —P E N TA M E R O N
.
3
—P E R I C L E S AN D A S P A S I A
. .
V I N TH R E E O LU M ES
rl es Lamb W
Essays of Cha ill iam Hazl itt and Leig
h Hu
nt , , .
V S IN TH R E E OL UM E
I I
M E D TAT O N S O F M A R C U S A U R E L U S I .
I
T E A C H N G O F E P C TE T U S I . M O RAL S O F S E N E C A .
COUNT TOLSTOI S
’
WORKS .
I
A R U S S AN P R O P R E T O R I .
TH E C O S S AC K S .
I V AN I L Y I TC H ,
AN D O TH E R S TO R IE S .
T H E I NV AD E R S ,
AND OTH ER S TO R IE S .
MY R E L I G I O N
L FE I .
M Y C O NF E S S I O N .
CH I L D H O O D B O Y H O O D Y O UTH
, , .
T H E P H YS I O L O G Y O F WAR .
A N N A K A R EN I N A ( V ) . 2 OLS .
WH AT TO DO ?
WAR A ND P E AC E .
( 4 V o L s .
)
T H E L O NG E X L E , I AN D O TH E R S TO R I E S FOR C H IL D R E N .
SE V ASTOPOL .
T H E K R E U TZ E R S O N ATA, A ND F A M L I Y
H A P P NE S S I .
I M P R E S S I O NS OF R U SS IA .
BY D R . G E O R G BRA ND E S .
L o ndo n : WAL T E R S CO TT , 24 Wa r w ic k L a ne , a r
P te no s e tr Ro w .
N E W B O O K L E T S .
B Y C O U NT L E O T O L ST O I .
WH E R E L OV E IS , T H E RE GOD
IS ALSO .
TH E T WO P LG R I I MS .
WH A T ME N L VE I BY .
TH E G O DS O N .
IF Y O U N E G L E C T TH E I
F RE, YO U
DON
’
T P UT IT O UT .
w h ic h c h a r a c t e r ise t h e w o rk f C ou n t T l t
o d wh il e o s o I, an
o f l o v e h um il ity
, , d c h a r it y a r e pe r fec t i t h e ir a r t fo rm
an ,
n
a s s t o ries p ur e d s im p l e
an .
P R C E 28 I . E AC H .
BARNAB Y RUDGE TH E WH I TE S L AV E .
I Y S HOP
.
NI CH OL AS NI CKL E BY
.
M IDS H P MAN I E AS Y .
OL IV E R TWIS T
.
MARTI N OH UZ Z LE WIT
.
L AS T OF TH E BARONS
ITY
.
OLD MORTAL .
I
.
I V AN H OE CRU S E O F TH E M DGE .
K E NI LWORTH W
.
.
COL L EE N BA N .
p E TE R S I M PL E N IG H T AND MORN NG .
F Y
.
OF MART RS
’
L AS T OF TH E M OH CANS I
R IE NZ I .
.
POOR JAC K .
PE L H AM TH E L AMPLI G H TE R
Y
,
Y
L AS T D A S OF P OM PE I I .
JANE E R E
F
I I F
THE S COTT S H C H E S .
P i L L AR OF I RE .
WILS ON S TALES ’
.
TH R ONE O F DAV I D .
YF
.
V AN IT A IR
E TH E L L INTON
.
A MOUNTAI N DAI S Y
.
.
I F
N EL IC E
H AZ E L ; P ilp i t Ligh th
o r, er o n ous e.
B EUL AH
V I CAR O F WAK E F I EL D .
H ARR Y
LORRE Q UE R .
B UR NS S POE MS
,
W Y
.
,
AV E R L E
V I L L AGE TAL E S
.
W
.
UNC LE TOM S C AB N
’
I .
TAL IS MAN .
ROBINS O N C RUS OE .
Lo n do n : WA L TE R S COTT, 24 Wa r w i c k L a n e, P at r e n os e tr Ro w .
-
I
RE S S UE IN I2 MO NT HLY V O L U MES .
o
C m m e n c in g F e b rua ry 25 t h , 1 8 9 1 .
S t ro ng y B o und in C l lo th , G i t To p, l e ac h
WI L S O N ’
S
OF THE
A N D O F S C OTL AN D
HIS TORICAL, TRADI TIONARY, AND IMAGINATIVE .
R E V I S E D BY AL E X AN D E R L E IG H TO N .
“ ”
T T HE
O BO AL E S im m
F TH E R DE R S a e a e en en e
p pul r w ith th y u g
o a d w h th r w v i w th m i th ir
e o n an e e e e e n e
m al p t v h icl f i tructi d mu m
,
or as ec o r as e th es or ns o n an a se e n t, e
c ll ct d s i s f m s a p r t y f h l thy d i t s ti g
,
o e e er e or re e or o ea an n e re n
lit tu
e ra u iv ll d i th l g g
re nr a e n e an ua e .
Th S e m ay Th
c ots wh anh av r ad th al i th
s s ose o e e e t es n
h libr a ri
e
u i ldy m i hi h h y
nw e to t b fu d i
es n w c ill t e are o e o n n t e es w
we l m th publi at i
co e fth i e a h a dy d ll pri t d diti
c on o s n e t, n an we -
n e e on
”
id ri g h attra tiv
,
ay
.
“
Th D ed Ad i un ee C v ert ser s h s -
on s e n ow c e are t
h th r ga r d d illu t ra i g S tt i h lif t rtai i g
es e
tal e s, w e e re e as s t n co s e , o r as en e n n
it m
e fr m a
s o th r ob d u bt f th ir
n c e, ti u d p pu la rity
e e c an e no o o e c on n e o
W la t r ad th m i
.
e s lu m
e th i f fam ily Bibl
e n vo d es e s ze o a e , an we are
la d t ha pp r tu ity t r
v e an o a quai a ith t h m i a
o n o en ew o ur c n t nc e w
gm m u h m r ha dy d l ga t
o e n
”
or so c o e n an e e n .
L o n do n : WA L T E R S CO TT, 24 Wa r w ic k L a ne , P at r e no s e tr Ro w .
Q uarto ,
c loth ele a n t
g , gilt ed es
g , em blem atic design on c over, 65 .
M a y also he ha d in a v a rie
ty f F aoncy B in dings .
TH E
A M U S I C I A NS B IR TH DAY B O O K
’
.
E D ITE D E L E O N O R E D E S TE R R E K E E L IN G
’
BY .
th poe t s a b o u t mu s ic
e d m e r e l y a s a v o lum e f poe t r
,
an y a b o u t o
M Th eo do r e Watt s on t h e
r
. Fau s ts
,
f B e rl io S c hum a nn
“ ”
o z, ,
S ta n fo r d e t c e t c
, .
, .
for fulfi lm en t Th b oo k o u gh t t o h a v e a pl
. e e ve ry ac e on
mu s ic s ta d —S tti h L d
n .
”
co s ea er.
Wo m e n s ’
Vo i c es An An t h o l o gy of the
a ra t r t
.
t
m os Ch c e is ic P o em s by E nglish , S c o t c h, and I ih Wm
rs o en.
t
E di e d by M rs illi m S h rp W a a
S o n n ets th is e ntu ry Wi t h
. .
of C an
x au
.
E h v a s ti e E ss y o n th e S o nn e t E dited by Wm Sh ap r
T h e C h i l d re n o f the ts nt h o l o gy
. . .
Poe An A
r a Wr te rs o fThree
.
by P o fess o E ic S R o b e tso n
re d S o n g
. .
S ac . A Vo l u m e of Rel i gi o u s
V erse S e le c t e d an d a rra nge d by S m a u l Wa ddi gt
e n on
t u r y f Au s tr l i n S o n g S e l e t e d
. .
A Cen o a a c
an d t a
E di ed by D o uglW a x s B S l den , B A
.
O o n.
J o b i t e S o n gs S e l e te d
. . . .
,
ac d B l l ds an a a . c
an d t t t
E di e d, w i h No M q e s, by G S ac uo id
I r i s h Mi n s tr e l s y E d i t e d w i t h N o t es d
. . .
. an
tr u t a a ar
,
In od c io n, by H H llid y S p ling
T h e So n n e t s f E u r o pe A Vo l u m e f
. .
o . o
T r a at
n sl t
io n s a ra a u Wa
S e le c e d an d r nge d by S m el ddingto n
E r l y E g li h d S otti s h Po e t r y
. .
a n an s c .
t
S e le c M a au a F t
e d an d E dite d by H c l y i z gibbo n
f t h e N o rt h C o u ntr i e Ed it ed
. .
B l l ds
a a o
ra a
.
,
t u
w i h Intro d c tio n , by G h m R To m so n
S o n gs f the S
. .
d Po e m s
an An o ea
r t
.
t
An h o lo gy o f P o em s D esc ip iv e of th e S ea t
Edi e d by M rs
W a ar
. .
illi m S h p
ry l n d
.
S o n gs a nd Po e m s o f Fa i a An
tr rra
.
t
An h o lo gy o f E nglish iry P o e y, Fa t
s e le c e d and a nged, wi h t
tr
an In o duc io n, by A h t E dw ard rt u r Wa it e.
S o n gs a nd Poe m s of G t h e r e t Do m i n i o n a .
t
E di ed by W . t a
D Ligh h ll, o f M o n e l
. tr a .
L o n do n WAL TE R S C O TT , 24 Wa r k a at r ter
w ic L ne . P e no s Ro w .
Clo th E lega n t, Cro w n 8 710 4 1 6 P ages , w ith 4 8 ,
T H E C E N T E NA R Y
L IF E OF WE S L E Y .
, a
C h r t e rh o u se an d ub se q
a ,
u en t ly at C hr is t C hur c h
s ,
O x fo r d an d hi c a r ee r a s F e ll o w o f L in c o l n
,
s It .
desc r ib es h i do in gs as a m is s io n ary in t h e c o l on y O f
s
G eo r gia ; hi m ee t in g aft e r h is r e t ur n w it h B hl e r
s , ,
o
a n d h i br o t h e r M o r av ian s a nd Wes l e c n v e r s on ’
s
y s ,
o i .
in g fi r s t n e a r B r is t o l aft e r w ar ds in L o n do n w h e r e
, , ,
h w s O ft en l is t en e d t o by c r o w ds o f fi v e to t w en t y
e a
de v o t e d t o gr e at O bjec t s .
L O N DO N : WA L T E R S C O TT, 24 WA R WI C K L AN E .
C OM P A C T A N D P R A C TI C A L .
F RE N C H I T A L I AN
S PAN I S H G E R MAN
C O NTE NT S .
Th e c o n en st t of th es e tt
li le h a ndbo o k s are so a rr a n
ge d as to
id r d a b lu t ly
c o ns e e tial ha b
so e u rp ly x lu d d thi g
e s se n ve een p o se e c e , no n
b i g i t r du d w hi h m ight
e n n o ce th t r av ll r r ath r th a
fu c a it c on se e e e e n ss s
him A f w hi t
.
gi
e i th i t r du t i
n s are w hi h will b f u d
v en n e n o c on c e o n
valuabl t th u a u t m d t f r ig t rav l
e o o se n cc s o e o o e n e .
L o ndo n : WA LT E R S CO TT , 24 Wa rwic k L a ne , P at r
e n o ste rR o w.
T H E C O NTE M P O RA RY S C IE NC E S E R IES .
3335 ] :
I
6
Crow n 8 71 0 . P ric e 3 s 6 d Cloth; H a lf M on , 6 s 6 d
. . . .
B a c t e ria a n d T h e ir P ro d uc t s .
WO O D H E AD BY D R . S MS I .
V itt
r by Den S im W dh a d th r
r tly a pp i t d D ir t r fth L b t
s oo e e ec e n o n e ec o o e a o ra
f S urg
.
,
h C ll g
e o e d P hy i ia
es o i L d it i lu d a fu ll di u i
eo n s a n s c ns n on o n, nc es sc ss o n
au f H ydr ph bia C h l ra D ipth i d C u m pti d ali g p i
K h di v ry Th w rk will b pi u ly illu tr at d by m i r ph
c s es o o o ,
o e , e r a, an o ns o n, e n es ec a
’
D r oc s sc o e e o e c o o s s e
f Ba t r ia
. . c o -
o
h s o t c e , e c .
C row n 8 71 0, C loth, rs .
; C ut a nd Unc ut E dges .
a
Strit ] T HE C A NT E R B U RY P O ETS .
[Aggy
The M AY V o l m e w ill be u
Am e ric a n H um o ro us Ve rs e .
t
An ho lo gy, S e lec t e d an d E di e dby t JA M E S B A R R , E di o tr o fthe D etroit F ree P r
be g e r at r pa rt
e of th e c o n t t en s o f thi v lu m r i h i ha ra t r i ti
s o e, c n c c e s c Am e i r
no ur , w ill be r
e n ti ely n e w t o th e gr at
e m aj r ity f B r it i hor a d r o s e e s.
R e ad
THE C AMELOT S E R IE S . M ay z i
Th e JU N E V o l m e w ill be u
S h o rt e r S t o rie s of D ic k e n s .
S ele c t e d and t
E di e d, w i h t an I nt r du ti
o c o n, by F R AN K T . M A R Z I AL S .
os m e rs h o lm : A D ra m a in F o u r A c t
BY H E N R I K I BS E N . T r n l t e d by C H A R L E S A R C H E R
a s a
L o n do n : WA L TE R S CO TT, 2 4 W w i k L a P
ar e c t R n e, at rn o s e r ow .
A ll BO O KS M A Y BE RECA ll ED A FTER 7 DA YS
.
i
Bo o k s m a y be Re ne w e d by c a ll n g 642-3405 .