Theoretical Background

The power of the learning environment to influence and promote learning is

significant. Such learning spaces and resources provide important opportunities for

students to explore ideas and knowledge, collaborate, solve problems and develop

knowledge and skills. Looking at the importance of school environment, there may be

some evidence that without meeting the basic needs could be difficult for students to

make an effort to concentrate their attention on developing academic patterns and

digesting the academic materials they are being presented. Schools in poor conditions

have the potential to affect students’ achievement through changing students’ moment

to moment motivation. Without adequate facilities and resources, it is extremely difficult

to serve large numbers of students with complex needs . (Ford, A., 2015).

Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory by Richard L. Oliver (2005). This theory

states that, if performance exceeds expectations, users will be positively disconfirmed

or satisfied. On the other hand, if performance fails to meet expectations, consumers

will be negatively disconfirmed or dissatisfied. Hence, positive disconfirmation leads to

increased satisfaction, with negative disconfirmation having the opposite effect, while

zero disconfirmation occurs when performance matches expectations (no effect on

satisfaction).

This theory connects to this study because if the performance of any school

facility that is available exceeds the expectations of the student, there’s a great

possibility for the students’ part to feel satisfied which has a diverse impact towards the

students. This means the higher the performance of a facility, the more satisfied

students are.
 Hierarchy of Needs Theory by Abraham Maslow (1970). Maslow's hierarchy

of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental

needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization and transcendence at the top.

This means that in order for motivation to arise at the next stage, each stage must be

satisfied within the individual themselves . In other words, the theory is that individuals’

most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level

needs.

This theory is related to this study because Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs shows

that in order for a person to be motivated, one must be satisfied first. Similar scenario

for the school Institution and students, in order for the students to be motivated, the

school must satisfy the students with their lower needs such as school facilities. This is

the basic need for any school institution that must be satisfied.

Legal Basis

The legal basis of this study was based on the 1987 Constitution of the Republic

of the Philippines (Section 2 Article XIV).

Section 2, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution stated that “the state shall

establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate and integrate system of

education relevant to the need of the people and the society.”

This article has a relevance to this study for the law itself has a directive for the

state to establish, maintain and support a complete and adequate and integrate system

of education and this includes the school facilities. Adequate facilities must be provided

such as: tables & chair, ventilations, lightings, ventilations, laboratories, classrooms,

activity centers and et cetera which were appropriate for the improvement and
betterment of the educational system in which it focuses on giving quality education to

all students. This clearly shows that the law is clearly in favor with this matter.

Review of Related Literature

The book entitled “A Case Study of Facilities” by Gruber et al., (2010),

emphasized how school facilities are one of the important elements that must be

present to ensure that the students, who are legal client of these higher educational

institutions, are satisfied and have better academic services for better experience. Thus

the relationship between school facilities and students’ satisfaction cannot be easily

separated or overlooked.

The book entitled “Effects of School Facility Conditions Have on Students

Achievement Vol. 1” by Susan Lair, 2011, emphasized how school facilities affect

student’s motivation. It shows that, when the facilities are maintained properly, the

buildings are structured properly, and the housekeeping of the school was maintained, it

can help the student boost and explain their motivation.

Review of Related Studies

“The Impact of Physical Facilities on Students’ Level of Motivation, Participation

and Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in South West Nigeria” by Dr.

Olufunke Akomolafe, 2016. The result showed that there was a significant relationship

between physical facilities and students’ level of motivation, participation and academic

performance. Based on the findings of the study, more physical, human and material

resources that are of high quality should be made available in public school to motivate

students towards learning and their desire to participate. He emphasized that a lack of

physical facilities and a motivating learning environment could affect a student.

 “Measuring service quality in higher education” by Viraiyan Teeroovengadum

(2016). The findings in his study revealed that in terms of support services, only the

activity centers received the unsatisfying rating among the other facilities. Finally, when

it comes to school’s facilities, the lightings, classrooms and library got a very satisfying

ratings. Computer laboratories were rated fairly satisfying while rest rooms got rarely

satisfying ratings. As to the participants’ general impression, they were fairly satisfied

with the SHS program of the university.

“Resource Utilization and Projection in secondary Education in Oyo State of

Nigeria” by Okunola, P.O. (2015). The findings his study suggests that the availability

and effective utilization of school physical facilities play a significant role in enhancing

students’ performance, motivation and participation while inadequacy of such physical

facilities could contribute to poor academic performance in students. Therefore, if

physical facilities are available and judiciously utilized to meet the needs of the

students, this could invariably facilitate students’ motivation in learning and lead to high

performance.
 Legal Basis
Theoretical Background
Section 2, Article XIV of the
 Expectancy 1987 Constitution stated that
Disconfirmation “the state shall establish,
Theory maintain and support a
 Hierarchy of Needs complete, adequate and
integrate system of education
Theory
relevant to the need of the
people and the society.

INPUT
 The demographic profile of respondents in terms of name, year level and
senior high school track.
 The level of satisfaction towards the school facilities: classrooms, tables
and chairs, ventilation, lightings, library resources, activity centers and
laboratories.
 The students’ perception on their level of motivation and participation.

PROCESS
 Descriptive survey research design. It determines the satisfaction level of
school facilities to the Senior High School students of DCPNHS.
 Focus Group Discussion (FGD).

OUTPUT
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Figure 1: Theoretical Framework