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Science10 Q1 M2 W4
Science10 Q1 M2 W4
Science
Quarter I
Module 2_Week 4
Plate Boundaries
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2_Week 4: Plate Boundaries
First Edition, 2020
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Science
Quarter 1
Module 2_Week 4
Plate Boundaries
4
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 10 Module on Plate Boundaries!
In this lesson, the learners are expected to understand the different types of plate
boundaries, how each type differs in their movement and the results of such occurrence.
Several activities will be provided to engage learners in making personalized
generalizations about the concept of plate boundaries. Furthermore, this learning
resource seeks to develop the core skills which are significant in promoting scientifically
inclined learners.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:
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What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
In the previous module, you were informed on the concept of plate tectonic
theory. This theory paved our understanding that the Earth is continuously changing
in terms of its geologic features. The occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic activities
can be attributed to the notion that these plates are always in motion, and such
movement led to various events and phenomena.
As we continue to explore the effects of this theory, we will highlight the different
types of plate boundaries. Each plate boundary has its own characteristics which will
help us understand why the Earth’s geologic features have existed such as trenches,
volcanic arc, mountain ranges and the like.
Plate boundaries are areas where deformation of the lithosphere takes place. Due
to the collision of plates, several geologic features are formed. There are three types of
plate boundaries, namely: divergent boundary, convergent boundary and transform
boundary. These types exhibit differences in the way how the plates move and the
corresponding geologic feature it resulted.
This module includes activities and worksheets which will make learning more fun
and engaging. Good luck, students and parents!
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What I Know
Read the statements very carefully. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which type of plate boundary is involved when plates move toward each other?
A. Convergent boundary C. Slide and stick boundary
B. Divergent boundary D. Transform boundary
4. What is the result of the collision between continental plate and oceanic plate?
A. Formation of volcanic arc
B. Formation of valleys and plains
C. Formation of volcanic arc and trench
D. Formation of mountain ranges and volcanoes
5. What process takes place when one plate subsides over the other plate?
A. Collision C. Transformation
B. Subduction D. Volcanic rise
6. What type of plate boundary involves the movement of plates that slide past each
other?
A. Convergent C. Slide and stick
B. Divergent D. Transform
7. What do you call the hot molten material that is found beneath the earth’s
surface?
A. Lava C. Sediments
B. Magma D. Volcanic ashes
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8. What is the result of the collision of two continental plates?
A. Island arc C. Volcano
B. Trench D. Mountain range
10. What do you call the phenomenon that happens when oceanic plates are forming
divergent plate boundaries and tend to move apart?
A. Earthquake C. Seafloor spreading
B. Fault D. Stress
Lesson
1 Plate Boundaries
The theory of plate tectonics revealed that the Earth’s crust is composed
of plates which are moving constantly in the top layer of the mantle. The
movements of these plates have paved the formation of various geologic features
which become evident as the years have passed by. Areas as to where these
plates tend to move or grind are known as plate boundaries. The movement of
the plates is driven by the convection currents caused by the upward flow of
magma from the core and the sinking of magma near the crust.
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A good example of how a plate boundary looks like is the picture below.
Plate
Boundary
What’s In
You were informed that the Earth is made up of large crustal plates that are
always in motion. Among the seven major plates are the African plate, Antarctic plate,
Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian plate, North American plate, Pacific plate and South
American plate. In the said module, we have learned the relationship among the
distribution of volcanoes, the location of earthquake epicenters and the formation of
mountain ranges. It highlighted the movement of tectonic plates which resulted to the
occurrence of earthquakes. Moreover, volcanoes are formed along the boundaries where
these plates have moved. Subduction happens when oceanic plate dives under the
continental plate reaching the magma and thereby releasing the molten material on the
surface of the Earth. Aside from the volcanoes, other geologic features were also formed
due to the constant movement of these plates. Mountain ranges can also be an offshoot
of plate tectonic movement.
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In this module, you will be acquainted on the different movements that will take
place in plate boundaries. Along with the movements exhibited are the various geologic
features that will be formed from the collision of the continental crust and oceanic crust.
Images and activities will be provided to highlight the concept for easier understanding.
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What’s New
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Activity 2- Making Descriptions
Direction: Examine the images carefully. Describe the pictures that are being shown
in reference to their movement. Write your answers on the space provided.
1.
2.
3.
What is It
The theory of plate tectonics speaks on the constant movement of the Earth’s
lithosphere brought about by convection currents. It has been noted that tectonic plates
vary from size depending on its location. Eurasian plate, for example, covers a larger
scope that includes all Europe and Asia. Meanwhile, other plates are small which
includes the part of Atlantic that surrounds the Caribbean islands and a small part of
Central America. All these plates touch each other at plate boundaries. There are three
types of boundaries and each type will be discussed accordingly.
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• Transform boundaries are places where the plates slide past each other.
Commonly, this type of boundary is known as fault lines. When plates tend to
grind, the force is piled up along the fault which may result to the occurrence of
earthquake.
As surrounding plates
are driven by deep
forces to move apart or
crunch together, the in-
between areas are Lithosphere
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%
20Tectonic%20Movements%20WS.pdf
• Divergent boundaries usually happen on the ocean floor and are sometimes
called as mid-oceanic ridges. In this type of plate boundary, the plates are moving
away from each other leading to the formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges.
During this time, the magma rises and begins to fill up the gap and eventually
creates a new sea floor.
Divergent boundaries
occur mostly along
spreading centers where
the magma rises forming
Oceanic crus
Lithosphere new crust. (Ex. East
Pacific Rise and Mid
Asthenosphere
Atlantic Ridge.)
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%20Tect
onic%20Movements%20WS.pdf
• Convergent boundaries occur when plates move toward each other. In this
situation, one plate tends to subduct over the other plate which may reach the
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ocean of magma and is likely to melt over time. The above plate is likely pushed
forming mountains and mountain ranges. When one plate moves under another
plate, this process is known as subduction.
When two plates move toward each other, crust is destroyed as one plate dives (is
subducted) beneath the other. The location where sinking of a plate occurs is called a
subduction zone.
P
l
a
o t
crust
Lithosphere Lithosphere
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%
20Tectonic%20Movements%20WS.pdf
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What’s More
Materials
500g plain mayonnaise
2 pcs. of crackers (Skyflakes or Magic Flakes)
A small bowl with water
Rectangular container
Spoon
Procedure
1. Prepare all the materials.
2. Get a rectangular container and pour the mayonnaise.
3. Smoothen the surface of the mayonnaise using the spoon.
4. Put two crackers side by side at the center of the mayonnaise.
5. Now, move the crackers at different directions. Refer to the diagram
below.
Did you hear a snap or sound when the crackers are moved in opposite directions?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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When the crackers are moved in opposite directions, a sound/snap is produced.
This scenario can be associated during the occurrence of earthquake during transform
boundary.
Materials
500g plain mayonnaise
2 pcs. of crackers (Skyflakes or Magic Flakes)
Rectangular container
Spoon
Procedure
1. Prepare all the materials.
2. Get a rectangular container and pour the mayonnaise.
3. Smoothen the surface of the mayonnaise using the spoon.
4. Put two crackers side by side at the center of the mayonnaise.
5. Now, move the crackers away from each other. Refer to the diagram below.
What did you notice when you move the crackers away from each other?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Discussion:
Activity 2 emphasized that when plates move away from each other, a new crust
is formed. This illustrates how divergent boundary takes plates. When plates begin to
move away from each other, you notice the formation of rift valley at the center. As the
spreading continues, the length and depth of the rift valley is increased.
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Activity 3: Modeling Plate Movement (Convergent Boundary)
Materials
500g plain mayonnaise
2 pcs. of crackers (Skyflakes or Magic Flakes)
Rectangular container
Spoon
Procedure
1. Prepare all the materials.
2. Get a rectangular container and pour the mayonnaise.
3. Smoothen the surface of the mayonnaise using the spoon.
4. Put two crackers side by side at the center of the mayonnaise.
5. Now, move the crackers toward each other. Refer to the diagram below.
What have you noticed when you move the crackers towards each other? Write your
observations below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Discussion
When you move the crackers toward each other, you notice that one cracker dives
under the other plate and leads to the occurrence of subduction. During convergent
boundary, several types take place such as the collision of continental and oceanic
plate, collision of oceanic to oceanic plate and convergence of continental-continental
plate. These movements will lead to the making of volcanoes, trenches and mountain
ranges.
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What I have Learned
Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. Convergent boundary A. Tectonic plates move apart
What I Can Do
Make a chart that lists the different types of plate boundaries and the description of
their movements. Kindly show the diagram of plate movement.
Divergent
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Convergent (continental
and continental)
Transform
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What type of plate boundary is shown when plates move away from each other?
A. Convergent boundary C. Transform boundary
B. Divergent boundary D. Volcanic boundary
2. What type of plate boundary refers to the movement of plates towards each
other?
A. Convergent boundary C. Transform boundary
B. Divergent boundary D. Volcanic boundary
3. What process takes place when one plate subsides over the other plate?
A. Collision C. Transformation
B. Subduction D. Volcanic rise
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5. What is the result of the collision between continental plate and oceanic plate?
A. Formation of volcanic arc
B. Formation of valleys and plains
C. Formation of volcanic arc and trench
D. Formation of mountain ranges and volcanoes
6. In what type of convergent boundary where subduction does NOT take place?
A. Continental-continental C. Oceanic-oceanic
B. Continental-oceanic D. None of the above
7. What type of plate boundary involves the movement of plates that slide past each
other?
A. Convergent C. Slide and stick
B. Divergent D. Transform
8. What do you call the hot molten material that is found beneath the earth’s
surface?
A. Lava C. Sediments
B. Magma D. Volcanic ashes
10. What do you call the phenomenon that happens when oceanic plates are forming
divergent plate boundaries and tend to move apart?
A. Earthquake C. Seafloor spreading
B. Fault D. Stress
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Additional Activities
Critical Reading
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
Tectonic plates can move toward each other, move away from each other or slide
past each other. The type of movement that occurs at the boundary between tectonic
plates determines the type of plate boundary that exists between them.
Two tectonic plates move away from each other at a divergent boundary. A
divergent boundary is also called a constructive boundary because new crust or
lithosphere is created at the boundary. As the plate move apart, molten rock from within
Earth moves upward and fills the space between the plates. It cools and forms new
crust.
Two tectonic plates slide past each other at a transform boundary. A transform
boundary is also called a conservative plate boundary because crust is neither created
nor destroyed at this boundary. Transform boundaries are often found between two
convergent, two divergent or a convergent and divergent boundary. The San Andreas
Fault is one of the most well-known transform boundaries.
Questions:
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Answer Key
What I Know
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. C
What’s New
Activity 1- Building Vocabulary
1. Magma
2. Boundary
3. Subduct
4. Volcano
5. Plate
6. Diverge
7. Converge
8. Transform
9. Trench
10. Mountain
What’s More
Activity 1: Modeling Plate Movement (Transform Boundary)
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Activity 2: Modeling Plate Movement (Divergent Boundary)
1. When I move the crackers away from each other, a space is created. This
space symbolizes the formation of new crust.
1. When the crackers are moved toward each other, one of the crackers
subducts or dives under the other cracker.
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. E
5. D
6. F
What Can I Do
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The plates move past
each other. Earthquake
Transform
is likely to occur.
Assessment
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. C
Additional Activity
1. Plate boundary is an area where tectonic plates can move toward each
other, move away from each other or slide past each other.
2. The three types of plate boundaries are convergent boundary, divergent
boundary and transform boundary.
3. The main difference between convergent boundary and divergent
boundary is the direction of plate movement. Convergent boundary
happens when tectonic plates move towards each other while in
divergent boundary, plates move away from each other.
4. In transform boundary, the tectonic plates move past each other. A
transform boundary is also called a conservative plate boundary
because crust is neither created nor destroyed at this boundary.
5. When two plates converge, one plate tends to dive under or subduct
over the other plate resulting to the creation of trench and volcanic
arcs.
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References
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
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