Module 4

Care and Management Practices of the Herd

Lesson No 3: Boar and Replacement Stocks

At the end of the module, the students should be able to:

a. Describe appropriate care and management practices into different

stages of swine: sow and litter weanling, growing, and finishers stocks.

Time Frame: 1 week

INTRODUCTION

The module aims to give the students the understanding and

provide pork producers with the latest information available on swine
care practices that are recommended for safe, humane, and efficient
pork production. Swine can be raised humanely in a variety of
production systems. Even though several different types of production
systems are used, they all have some common considerations for
animal welfare. But each production system also has specialized
characteristics, which this module specifically addresses..

Herd boars influence the swine breeding program in two

important ways. One, they provide a source of genetic improvement and
two, they have an effect on farrowing rate and litter size. In addition,
replacement boas can be a potential source for the introduction of
disease into a herd.
Learning Activities

Activity 1. Direction: Arrange the letters of the following JUMBLED LETTERS to

form a Word and define the terms related to Care and Management Boar.
(Individual Activity)

1. BOILID : _____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

2. TAGMIN: ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

3. NONUIGTM: _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

4. MENSE: ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

5. LINGLUC: ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:

Content (5 pts), Relevance and Accuracy (3pts.), Organization of thoughts

(2 pts.) Total of 10pts.
 Analysis

Task 3. Answer the following question and write your

answer on your notebook. (Individual Activity) The
answer must be composed of 100 words and a
maximum of 150 words.

1. Analyse the picture below, what is the disadvantage and advantage of

the body size of boar to sow?

Answer:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.

Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:
Content (5 pts), Relevance and Accuracy (3pts.), Organization of thoughts (2 pts.) Total of 10pts.
 Abstraction

High priority should be given to the management of animals newly introduced

into the breeding herd to achieve maximum reproductive efficiency. Good
reproductive and nutritional management pays dividends through an increased
number of pigs farrowed live and weaned. The following boar management
practices will assist in the maximization of fertility and longevity. Upon completion
of test, boars should be fed at a level of energy that will prevent excessive fat
deposition. This practice should help ensure that they are physically adept and
sexually active. Nutrients other than energy should be provided to meet the
minimum daily recommended allowance of the National Research Council. Boars
tested individually or in small groups in close confinement should be managed upon
completion of the test in a manner to develop physical hardening and to stimulate
sexual arousal and libido. Where possible, this should be done before delivery to
their new owners and might include the following: a) Shifting boars to different
locations. b) Providing fence-line contact with cycling females. This may be
especially important where the aggressiveness of the boars precludes mixing them
together. Although boars tested in large groups and in less confined settings are
likely to require less physical conditioning and sexual stimulation before use, they
may also benefit from exposure to the management procedures described for boars
reared in close confinement.

Boar culling and replacement programs are important considerations for

breeding herd managers. Farrowing rate and litter size generally improve as boar
ages from about 9-20 months of age. As long as boars remain structurally sound
and are aggressive breeders, fertility is generally maintained until they are three
years of age or more. Mature boars are more proficient in stimulating estrus in
females and may be more experienced breeders than young boars. However,
younger boars are needed for gilt matings to maximize genetic improvement, and
for replacing mature boars.
 Application

Direction: If you are the Husbandman of the herd, what will be your initial plan
to address the problems with regards to the how will you feed piglets
whose mother does not produce milk. Complete your answer using the
mind map given below.

Reason to Plan A

Plan A

Reason to Plan A

Plan B
 Reflection

Direction: Below is a reflection figure that looks like a human figure.

Determine what you have learned (the Knowledge that serves as your
foundation to stand and keep); the things you have realized and appreciated
(attitude towards learning) and the things that you discovered (skills that you
will cherish in life). Fill in each part of the reflection figure. (Individual Activity, but
you can share it with your peers)

Things I have learned (Knowledge)

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________

Things I have realized and appreciated (Attitude)

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_

Things I have discovered (Skills)

______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
.
 Post Assessment

Direction: Below are the questions related to swine production and management.
Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.Choose
only the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following diets are the most critical for the
future development of a pig.
A. Farrowing C. Lactation
B. Gestation D. Weaning
2. What is the average length of the gestation cycle for the
swine?
A. 110 days C. 150 days
B. 200 days D. 114 days
3. What prevents anemia in baby pigs.
A. Milk C. Leptospirosis
vaccine
B. Iron shots D. Carbohydrates
4. As the pig grows, the levels of what nutrient can be
decreased?
A. Carbohydrates C. Protein
B. Fats D. Minerals
5. The first milk that need to be ingested to newly born pig.
A. Milk C. Colostrum
B. Lactation D. Bearbrand

Test II. Identify the litter number and pig number for each pig illustrated.
 Glossary
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an

individual loses use of the testicles; the male gonad.
Castration Surgical castration is bilateral orchidectomy( castration of
both testes), and chemical castration uses pharmaceutical
drugs to deactivate the testes.
Is the removal of portions of an animal’s tail. While docking
and bobbing are more commonly used to refer to removal of
Docking the tail., the term cropping is used in reference to the ears.
Tail docking occurs in one of two ways.
.is to reduce injuries caused to each other and to their
Clipping mother as piglets nurse.
Helps identify a pigs litter and which one of the litter it is,
Notches giving each pig a unique identity number.

Tagging Allows to identify easily your pigs by sight.

Litter A group of young pigs.

The first milk produced when starting breastfeeding, is the
Colostrum ideal nourishment for a newborn.
Describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands

Lactation and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her
young.
The process of carrying or being carried in the womb
Gestation between conception and birth.

Weanling A newly weaned animal.

 References

Blokhuis, H., R.B. Jones, R. Geers, M. Miele and I. Veissier, 2003.

Measuring and Monitoring animal Welfare: Transparancy in the
food product Quality Chain. Anim. Welf 12, A45-457
Blokhuis, H.J., R.B. Jones, I. Veissier and R. Geers, 2006. Cost
Action 846- Meassuring and Monitoring farm animal welfare.
Proceedings of the meeting in Bratislava, Slovakia, March 24-
26, 50 pp.
Diericks, Jody. (2006). Introduction to Swine Industry.
Lapus, Z. (2009). Swine Production in the Philippines.
Livestock Research Division (2016). Philippine Pork to the World.
Accessed June 9, 2020. www. DOST-PCAARD S&T Media
Service.
Main, D.CJP Kent, E Wemelsfelder, E. Ofner and F. Tuyttens, 2003.
Applications for Methods for on-farm welfare assessment.
Anim. Welf. 12, 523-529
Philippine Statistics Authority (2019) Philippine Pork Production.
Accessed June 9,2020. www. Pig333.com.