Chapter 2

Types and function

of jig and fixtures

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Learning
Outcomes

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 JIGS
JIGS – special device that holds, supports or
is placed on a part to be machined.
In machining environment, JIG is
preliminarily guides the cutting tool to
perform machining operation.

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 Classes of Jigs
Jigs are generally divided into two classes:

Drill jigs - used for Drilling, Reaming, Tapping,

Chamfering, Counter Bore, Countersink ,
Spot Facing, etc.
Boring jigs - used for Boring, Honing, etc.

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What is Drilling?
Working on a
virgin stock –
Produce new
hole

What is Boring?
Working on a worked
stock – Enlarging
existing hole

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 Boring & Drill Jigs

Boring jig – use to make an odd size

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Types
of Jigs

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 Types of Open Jigs

i. Template jig
ii. Plate jig
iii. Sandwich jig
iv. Angle-plate/ modified angle jig
v. Table Jig

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 Types of Closed Jigs

i. Box/ tumble jig

ii. Channel jig
iii. Leaf jig
iv. Indexing jig
v. Trunnion jig
vi. Pump jig
vii. Multi-station jig

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 5 Types of Open Jigs
i. Template Jig Normally used for
accuracy rather than
speed.
It is not clamped, but
fits over, into, or on the
work.
It is cheaper and the
most simplest jig.
With or without
bushing, but when
bushing is not used,
the whole jig plate is
hardened. 10
 ii. Plate Jig
Similar to template
jig, but it has built-in
clamps to hold the
work.
Sometimes with
supports to raise the
jig off the bottom
Drill bit
surface.
This jig can also be
Plate jigs
Bushing
with or without
bushing.

Locator pin
Part 11
iii. Table Jig

Plate jigs are

sometimes
made with legs
to raise the jig off
the table for
large work. This
style is called a
table jig .

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iv. Sandwich Jig

Similar to plate
jig but it have a
back plate to
prevent thin
parts from bend
or warp.
It used with or
without bushing.

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v. Angle Plate / Modified Angle Plate Jig

To hold parts
that are
machined at
right angle to
the mounting.

When parts are to

be machined other
than 90°, modified
angle plate jigs
would be preferred.
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 7 Types of Closed Jigs
i. Box / Tumble Jig
Box jigs, or tumble jigs, usually totally
surround the part.
This style of jig allows the part to be
completely machined on every surface
without the need to reposition the work in the
jig.

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ii. Channel Jig

Channel jigs are the

simplest form of box jig.
The work is held
between two sides and
machined from the
third side.
In some cases, where
jig feet are used, the
work can be machined
on three sides.

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iii. Leaf Jig

Leaf jigs are small box jigs

with a hinged leaf to
allow for easier loading
and unloading.
The main differences
between leaf jigs and box
jigs are size and part
location.

Leaf jigs are normally smaller than box jigs and

are sometimes made so that they do not
completely surround the part.
They are usually equipped with a handle for
easier movement.
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iv. Indexing Jig
Indexing jigs are used
to drill holes on
periphery of
cylindrical work at
the required angular
positions.
It uses either the part
itself or a reference
plate and a plunger.
Larger indexing jigs
are called rotary jig.

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v. Pump Jig

Pump jig is operated by

a pumping movement
of a operating handle.
The lever-activated plate
makes this tool very fast
to load and unload.
Since the tool is already
made and only needs to
be modified, a great deal
of time is saved by using
this jig.

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vi. Trunnion Jig

Trunnion jigs are a

form of rotary jig for
very large or odd-
shaped parts.
The part is first put into
a box-type carrier and
then loaded on the
trunnion.
This jig is well suited for
large, heavy parts that
must be machined
with several separate
plate type jigs.
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vii. Multistation Jig
Multistation jigs are made in
any of the forms already
discussed.
The main feature of this jig is
how it locates the work.
While one part is drilled,
another can be reamed and a
third counter bored.
The final station is used for
unloading the finished parts
and loading fresh parts.
This jig is commonly used on
multiple-spindle machines. It
could also work on single-
spindle models. 21
FIXTURES

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 Fixtures

Fixture is a production tool used to

hold, locate and support workpiece
during production.
Fixtures are much heavier than jigs
as they are built stronger to take-up
increased tool force.

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 6 Types of fixtures

Plate fixture
Angle-plate fixture
Vise-jaw fixture
Indexing fixture
Multistation / Duplexfixture
Profiling fixture

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Plate Fixtures
Mostly used in machining operations due
to its simplicity;
Made of a flat plate with locators and
clamps;
Workpiece is placed onto the plate
fixture.

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Angle-plate Fixture
Workpiece is placed
perpendicular to the
mounting surface
Modified angle-plate fixture
is used when out of 90ᵒ
angle is required.

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Vise-jaw Fixture

Suitable to hold smaller part

Can be replaced to other
suitable jaws to fit the part

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 Indexing Fixture
Similar to indexing jig
Used for machining on a
equally spaced machining
spots.

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Multistation/ Duplex
Fixture
For operations that require
High speed machining
High volume production runs
Continuous machining cycle

E.g. Duplex fixtures -

using two stations, but
allows continuous
loading and unloading
operations even when
the machining operation
still in progress.
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Profiling Fixture
Used in guiding tools for
either external or
internal contours where,
the tool can usually
never follow;
The use of ball bearing
is very important in
order to maintain the
contact between fixture
and the bearing on the
milling cutter.

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 Classification of Fixtures

Fixture are classified by machining

operations and types of machine tool
where the fixture(s) is used.
Milling fixtures
Turning/ lathe fixtures E.g., A fixture that
Assembly fixtures is designed and
Welding fixtures made to be used
Drilling fixtures on milling
Boring fixtures machine, is called
as milling fixture

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Several Fixture
Classes
Assembling Gauging Stamping
Boring Grinding Tapping
Broaching Honing Testing
Drilling Inspecting Turning
Forming Lapping Welding
Sawing Milling Planning
Shaping Bending Facing

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Lathe/ Turning Fixture
Among standard work-
holding devices:
Three or four jaw chucks
Collets
Face plate
Mandrel

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Application of
Jigs and
Fixtures

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Jigs and Fixtures are widely used in manufacturing
areas as they can:
Facilitate production work
Reduce the machining time
Increase the accuracy of duplicate
and repeated part
Reduce the requirement of skilled
operator
Ease assembly operation
Reduce the scrap part

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External
machining:
Flat-surface
machining
Cylindrical-surface
machining
Irregular-surface
machining

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Internal
machining
Drill jigs
Boring jigs
EDM fixture

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 Non-machining
applications
Assembly

Inspection
Mechanical
inspection fixtures
Optical inspection
fixtures
Electronic
inspection fixtures
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Finishing
Painting fixtures
Polishing fixtures
Honing fixtures

Miscellaneous
Layout templates
Testing fixtures

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