Metal Building Systems Manual ‘Snow Load Example 1.3.5.14(b): Standard Gable Roof minimum roof snow load. example demonstrates the calculation of a typical roof snow load with a check for Figure 1.3.5.14(b): Building Geometry A. Given: Building Use: Fire Station (Essential Facility, Risk Category TV) Location: Boone County, Illinois Roof Slope: 3:12 (8 = 14.04°) Frame Type: Clear Span Roof Type: Exposed, Heated, Smooth Surface, Unventilated, Roof Insulation (R-30) ‘Terrain Category: B No adjacent Structures Within 20 feet B. General: Ground Snow Load, Importance Factor, Roof Thermal Factor, Roof Slope Factor, Roof Exposure Factor, Eave to Ridge Distance, Building Length, Pe [Figure 7-1, ASCE 7-10] I, [Table 1.5-2, ASCE 7-10 or Table 1.3.1(a) in this manual, Essential Facility] 1.0 [Table 7-3, ASCE 7-10, Warm Roof] 1 ~ (14.04-S)/65 = 0.86 [Figure 7-2(a), ASCE 7-10 or Section 1,3.5.5a(i) in this manual] Ce. = 0.9 [Table 7-2, ASCE 7-10 for Terrain, Category B and exposed roof] W = 25ft L 100 ft Rain on Snow Surcharge: p, > 20 psf, therefore, rain-on-snow surcharge load need not be considered. 150Metal Building Systems Manual C. Roof Snow Load: 1,) Flat Roof Snow Load: pr=0.7CCikp, [Eq. 7.3-1, ASCE 7-10] Pr= 0.7 (0.9)(1.0)(1.2)(25) = 18.9 psf Check if minimum snow load, pj, needs to be considered [Section 7.3.4, ASCE 7-10] Since 0 = 14.04° < 15°, then pm is required For p, = 25 psf, Pam Is (Pg) = 1.2(20) = 24 psf The building must be checked for a separate uniform load case using pq = 24 psf (balanced snow load). 2.) Unbalanced Snow Load: Since the roof slope (14.04°) is between 2.38° and 30.2°, unbalanced loads must be considered. 0.43,fW, 4p, #10 -1.5 = 0.43/25 925+10 -15=1.56f Snow density 7 =0.13(p,) + 14<30 pef (Eq. 7.7-1, ASCE 7-10) = 0,13(25) + 14 = 17.25 pef $30 pet Figure 1.3.5.8(¢) is applicable for metal building framing and the unbalanced snow loads are: Uniform Windward Load: 0.3p,~0.3(16.3) = 4.89 psf Uniform Leeward Load: p, = 16.3 psf Surcharge Leeward Load: hy / VS = (1.56)(17.25)/V4 = 13.44 pst Surcharge Leeward Length: : avs Sa 564 =8.31ft ‘The balanced and unbalanced design snow loads are shown in the figure below. 151Metal Building Systems Manual sain —e 13.44 psf 163 psf 4.89 psf Unbalanced Snow Load —— 24.0 pst Balanced Snow Load Ridge Windward Leeward Eave Eave Partial Loading [ASCE 7-10, Section 7.5] Rigid Frame: Partial loading is not required on the members that span perpendicular to the ridge line in gable roofs with slopes greater than 2.38° (1/2 on 12). Continuous roof purlins: All three load cases need to be evaluated as follows: Note: Refer to the partial loading diagrams in the Design Example 1.3.5.14(a) for the application of the following loads. Case 1: Full balance snow load of 16.3 psf on either exterior span and half the balance snow load of 8.13 psf on all other spans. Case 2: Half the balance snow load of 8.13 psf on either exterior span and full balanced snow load of 16.3 psf on all other spans. Case 3: All possible combinations of full balanced snow load of 16.3 psf on any two adjacent spans and half the balanced snow load of 8.13 psf on all other spans. Note: Purlins supporting loads within 8.31’ of the ridge would need to be checked for a uniform load of 29.74 psf on all spans. 152Metal Building Systems Manual ‘Snow Load Example 1.3.5.14(c): Multiple Gable Roofs and Canopy This example demonstrates the calculation of drift snow loads including unbalanced snow load for multiple gable roofs and canopy snow load. Mt Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-1: Building Geometry and Drift Locations A. Given: Building Use: Manufacturing (Standard Building, Risk Category II) Location: Rock County, Minnesota Building Size: (1) 100'W x 300'L x 30'H (2) 100°W x 175°L x 20°H (3) 100°W x 125'L x 30'H (4) 50'W x 30'L x 12°H (Flat Roof) Roof Slope: 2:12 (@ = 9.46°) (Buildings 1, 2 and 3) Frame Type: Clear Span Roof Type: Sheltered, Heated, Smooth Surface, Unventilated, Roof Insulation (R-19) Terrain Category: B B. General: Ground Snow Load, pg = ‘40 psf (Figure 7-1, ASCE 7-10] Importance Factor, = 10 [Table 1.5-2, ASCE 7-10 or Table 1.3.1@) in this manual, Standard Building] Roof Thermal Factor, C, = 1.0 [Table 7-3, ASCE 7-10, Warm Roof] Roof Slope Factor, C, = 10 [Figure 7-2(a), ASCE 7-10 or Section 1,3,5.Sa(ii) in this manual] 153Metal Building Systems Manual Note that some roof slopes are unobstructed, but some are obstructed because an adjoining building prevents snow from sliding off of the eave. However, since insulation is R-19, the solid line of Figure 7-2(a) governs for all roof slopes Roof Exposure Factor, Ce = 12 [able 7-2, ASCE 7-10 for Terrain Category B and sheltered roof] Snow Density, y= 0.13 (40) + 14= 19.2 pet [Equation 7.7-1, ASCE 7-10] Rain on Snow Surcharge: pz > 20 psf, therefore, rain-on-snow surcharge load need not be considered. Roof Snow Load: 1.) Flat Roof Snow Load: pr= 0.7 C.Cilspg {ASCE 7-10, Eq. 7.3-1) pe= 0.7 (1.2)(1.0)(1.0)(40) = 33.6 psf Check if minimum snow load, px, needs to be considered [Section 7.3.4, ASCE 7- 10} @ = 9.46° < 15°, then pm is required For p= 40 psf pm =I, (p,) = 1.0(20) = 20 psf In this example, since pyand p, are both greater than pp, they will control. 2.) Buildings No. 1, No. 2, and No, 3: a.) Sloped Roof Snow Load: Ps= Copy (ASCE 7-10, Eq. 7.4-1) ps= 1.0(33.6) = 33.6 psf (balanced load)(controls over pm) b.) Unbalanced Snow Load: Since the roof slope (9.46°) is between 2.38° and 30.2°, unbalanced loads must be considered. h, =0.433/W, 4[p, +10-1.5= 0.43/50 4/40+10-1.5=2.71 8 Figure 1.3.5.8(c) is applicable for metal building framing and the unbalanced snow loads are: Uniform Windward Load: 0.3p,= 0.3(33.6) = 10.1 pst Uniform Leeward Load: p, = 33.6 psf Surcharge Leeward Load: hyy/VS = (2.71)(19.2/V6= 21.2 psf Surcharge Leeward Length: (8/3)h, JS = (8/3)(2.71)W6 =17.7 ft 154Metal Building Systems Manual ‘The balanced and unbalanced design snow loads are shown in the figure below. 1778 — 212 pst 10.1 pst ———| 33.6 psf Ridge Windward Eave c.) Partial Loading: 33.6 psf Unbalanced Snow Load Balanced Snow Load, Leeward Eave Partial loading to be calculated as demonstrated in Examples 1.3.5.14(a) and 1.3.5.1406). 3.) Building No. 4 (50x30x12) (Flat roof): Note: Although slope is less than W/50, still no ra 20 psf (ASCE 7-10 Section 7.10). D. Drift Loads and Sliding Snow Loads snow required since py > Note: Unbalanced snow loads, drift loads and sliding snow loads are treated as separate load cases and are not to be combined as per Section 1.3.5.12 of this manual, 1.) Calculation for Area A: a.) Drift Load - Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-2 155Metal Building Systems Manual h oe ses 2 J}. 12 = 24.25 (Average) = 30+ || 5] p12 = 24.25 fe y= [2 = 1.75 8 19.2 hh, _ 2425-175 _ a 75 12.86 > 0.2 Li (windward) = 30. hha (windward) = 0,75 [0.43 x 30 4[40+10 -1.5] 1.55 ft [ h= 22.50 ft Ly (leeward) 300 ft ‘hg (leeward) [0.43 x 4/300 4/40+10 -1.5] 6.15 ft[h, = 22.50 Leeward drift controls and hy= 6.15 ft0.2 -. consider drift loads. h, 1.75 Ly (windward) = Ly (leeward) = 100 ft -. leeward drift controls. hhg (leeward) = [0.43 x 100 4/40+ 10 -1.5] 81 fh she= 8.25 RL ¢ hg=3.81 ft and, w = 4hg= 15.24 ft Drift surcharge load, pa= hy 7 = 3.81 x 19.2 = 73.2 psf 3.6 + 73.2 = 106.8 psf 106.8 pst Lower Roof, 26 ps1 { Tit —a Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-3: Drift Load for Area B b.) Sliding Snow - Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-4 h, —hy = (10.01.75) = 8.25 ft; Ly = 50.0 j slope = 2:12 Since 2:12 > ¥:12, sliding snow must be checked Total sliding load/ft of eave = 0.4p,W = 0.4(33.6)(50) = 672 Ibvft Sliding snow shall be distributed over 15 ft 672 —=44.8 psf 15 p Since 2.3 ft < 8.25 ft, no reduction is allowed 157Metal Building Systems Manual 78.4 pst Lower Roof I I | 33.6 pst Wa 150] Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-4: Sliding Snow for Area B 3.) Calculation for Areas Cy and C2: a.) Drift Load - Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-5 Sloped-roof snow load, p, = 33.6 psf (balanced snow load) Note: C is on unobstructed side and C; is on obstructed side where snow is, prevented from sliding off eave. However, as previously indicated, Cs is equal to 1.0 for both sides for the roof insulation of R-19. = 30-20) = 10 sn = 338 1.75.0; he= (heh) =8.25 0 192 8.25 = =471>0.2 +. consider drift loads h, 175 Ly (windward) = 175 ft ha (windward) == 0,75 [0.43 x Vi75_4f40+10 -1.5] = 3.68 Sh, = 8.25 a L,(leeward) = 125 ft hg (leeward) = [0.43 x 125 4/ -1.5] = top hchwa28 ft Leeward drift controls with hg ~ 4.22 ft and, w= 4hg~ 16.88 ft Drift surcharge load, pa = ha y = 4.22 x 19.2 = 81.0 psf p= 33.6 + 81.0= 114.6 psf 158Metal Building Systems Manual Lower Roof Load 115 pst wy Severe ll }— 1694 Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-5: Drift Load for Areas C, and C2 b,) Sliding Snow No snow will slide off of the roof of Building No. 3 onto the roof of Building No. 2. 4.) Calculation for Area D: Drift Load - Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-6 Unheated structure due to canopy condition Flat-roof snow load, pr 0.7 Ce Cy Is Be where, py=40 psf Ce .2 [Table 7-2, ASCE 7-10 for Terrain Category B and sheltered roof] 1.2 [Table 7-3, ASCE 7-10, Unheated Structure]; r= 0.7 (1.2)(1.2)(1.0)(40) = 40.3 psf h, = (20-15) = 5 ft; ty SS — 2.10 8 h, = (hy — hy) = 2.90 ft ‘he 2.90 h, 2.10 Ly (windward) = 10 ft<20 ft ©. use Ly (windward) = 20 ft hy (windward) — = 0.75 [0.43 x 20 4[40+10 -1.5] = 1.20 ft sh, = 2.90 ft =138>0.2. +. consider drift loads. Determine Lu (leeward) for Area D. 159Metal Building Systems Manual For roofs steps in a series, the ASCE publication, "Guide to Snow Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10" (Ref. B2.54) recommends the leeward drift on Canopy D to take into account the two leeward drifts in series. Ly=La + 0.75Lp where La and Lx are the lengths of roofs A (Buildin; and B (Building 3), respectively. Ly=La +.0.75Lp = 100 + 0.75(100) = 175 ft hg= [0.43 x VI7S 440+ 10 -1.5] = 4.89 > he = 2.90 ft ig 1) Leeward drift controls with drift height = h, = 2.90 ft and, w= 4hy*/ he wy = A899 32.98 ft 2.90 Maximum drift width, w= 8h. = 8 x 2.90 = 23.2 ft < 32.98 ft w=23.2ft Drift surcharge load, py= he y = 2.90 x 19.2 = 55.7 psf p:= 40.3 + 55.7 = 96.0 psf Canopy Lower than Eave Height 4 Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-6: Drift Load for Area D 96.0 pst Load on Canopy T7.Apst )40.3pst 10 —| 23. 1 | Note: For the below eave canopy, the minimum design load per Section 7.4.5 of ASC) =10 is 2p¢= 2(40.3) = 80.6 psf. b.) Sliding Snow - Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-7 hhc = he = hy = (5.0 -2.10) = 2.90 ft 1.7 50.08 Slope = 2:12 Since 2:12 > Y4:12, sliding snow must be checked, It is reasonable practice to calculate the sliding snow surcharge based upon the Thermal Factor, C, of the upper roof. 160Metal Building Systems Manual Total sliding load/ft of eave = 0.4p;W = 0.4(33.6)(50) = 672 Ibift Sliding snow shall be distributed over 15 ft (Even though canopy width is 10 ft). 672 —=44.8 psf 15 pe Since 8 = 2.3 ft < 2.9 ft, no reduction is allowed pr= (40.3 + 44.8) = 85.1 psf Load on Canopy Canopy 85.1 pst TJ} 74 44.8 pst (Sliding snow load) 40.3 psf (Flat roof snow load) —w—| = Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-7: Sliding Snow for Area D 5.) Caleulation for Area E and Figure 1.3.5.14(c For the intersection of drifts B and C> at E, the design load should be as shown in Figure 1.5.14(6)-8 107 pst Figure 1.3.5.14(c)-8: Intersecting Snow Drifts for Area E 161