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Example EEET2603 LabReport 1
Example EEET2603 LabReport 1
1
Table of Contents
1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................5
2 Lab results and discussion...............................................................................................................................5
2.1. Exercise B.1..........................................................................................................................................5
2.2. Exercise B.2..........................................................................................................................................7
2.3. Exercise B.3........................................................................................................................................11
2.4. Exercise B.4........................................................................................................................................13
2.5. Exercise B.5........................................................................................................................................15
2.6. Exercise B.6........................................................................................................................................17
3. Conclusions....................................................................................................................................................20
4. Lab work contribution and reflection............................................................................................................20
5. Appendix........................................................................................................................................................21
2
List of Figures
Problem B1
Figure 2.1,1: Original circuit………………………..……………..……………..………………………...……..5
Figure 2.1,2: Branch-circuit assumption………….……………..……………..……………..…………………..5
Figure 2.1.2,1: Original circuit……………………………..……………..……………..……………………..…6
Figure 2.1.3,1: Original circuit……………………………..……………..……………..……………………..…7
Problem B2
Figure 2.2.1,1: Original circuit……………………………..……………..……………..………………………..7
Figure 2.2.1.1,1: Remove all sources and resistor R5……………………………………..………………………7
Figure 2.2.1.1,2: Remove resistor R5…………………………………..…………………………………………8
Figure 2.2.1.1,3: Simplified circuit………….……………………..………………………………………..……8
Figure 2.2.1.2,1: Remove current source I1………………………………..………………………………...……9
Figure 2.2.1.2,2: Remove voltage source VS1 …………………………..……………………………..…………9
Figure 2.2.2,1: Original circuit…………………………………..……………………..……………………..…10
Figure 2.2.2,2a: Thevenin approach: Remove R5 …………………………..………………………..…………10
Figure 2.2.2,2b: Thevenin approach: Simplified circuit……………………………………………...…………10
Figure 2.2.2,3a: Superposition approach: Remove current source I1………………………………...…………10
Figure 2.2.2,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source Vs1 ………………………………..………10
Figure 2.2.3,1: Original circuit…………………………………..……………………..……………………..…10
Figure 2.2.3,2a: Thevenin approach: Remove R5 …………………………………..………………………..…10
Figure 2.2.3,2b: Thevenin approach: Simplified circuit…………………………………………………...……10
Figure 2.2.3,3a: Superposition approach: Remove current source I1……………………………………...……10
Figure 2.2.3,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source Vs1 …………………………………..……10
Problem B3
Figure 2.3.1,1: Original circuit………………………………..……………………..……………………..……11
Figure 2.3.1,2: Branch-circuit assumption……………………………..………………………………..………11
Figure 2.3.2,1: Original circuit…………………………………..……………………..……………………..…12
Figure 2.3.3,1: Original circuit……………………………..……………………..……………………..………12
Problem B4
Figure 2.4.1,1: Original circuit………………………………..……………………..……………………..……13
Figure 2.4.1,2: Branch-circuit assumption…………………………..………………………………..…………13
Figure 2.4.2,1: Original circuit…………………………..……………………..……………………..…………14
Figure 2.4.3,1: Original circuit………………………..……………………..……………………..……………15
3
Problem B5
Figure 2.5.1,1: Original circuit…………………………..……………………..……………………..…………15
Figure 2.5.1,2: Remove all power supplies……………………………………..………………………………15
Figure 2.5.1,3: Remove resistor R1………………………………………………..……………………………16
Figure 2.5.1,4: Simplified circuit……………………………………………………………..…………………16
Figure 2.5.2,1: Original circuit………………………………………………………………………..…………17
Figure 2.5.2,2: Remove resistor R1…………………………….……………………………..…………………17
Figure 2.5.2,3: Simplified circuit…………………………………..……………………………………………17
Figure 2.5.3,1: Original circuit……………………………………………………………..……………………17
Figure 2.5.3,2: Remove resistor R1………………………………………………………...……………………17
Figure 2.5.3,3: Original circuit………………………………………………………………..…………………17
Problem B6
Figure 2.6.1,1: Original circuit……………………………………..……………………………………………17
Figure 2.6.1,2: Remove voltage source V1…………………………………..……………………………….…18
Figure 2.6.1,3: Remove current source I1…………………………………………………………….…………19
Figure 2.6.2,1: Original circuit…………………………………………………………………………………..20
Figure 2.6.2,2: Remove voltage source V1………………………………………………………...……………20
Figure 2.6.2,3: Remove current source I1………………………………………………………………….……20
Figure 2.6.3,1: Original circuit…………………………………………………………………………..………20
Figure 2.6.3,2: Remove voltage source V1…………………………………………………………...…………20
Figure 2.6.3,3: Remove current source I1…………………………………………………………………….…20
List of Tables
Table 2.1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
Table 2.2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...10
Table 2.3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
Table 2.4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…15
Table 2.5 …………………………………………………………………………………………………...……17
Table 2.6 …………………………………………………………………………………………………...……20
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1 Introduction
The key objectives of this lab are to build a circuit schematic using Cadence Orcad Capture, simulate and
analyse said circuit using Orcad Pspice, and theoretically calculate unknown parameters in a DC network. In
this lab exercise, the Cadence Orcad software program will be used to build a DC circuit. Upon completion of
the circuit, a simulation profile will be defined using Orcad Pspice. Subsequently, a measurement will be set,
after which the simulation will run and the resulting waveform results will be analysed. Finally, in the second
part of the lab, using given values and theoretical knowledge, unknown parameters of six DC circuits will be
calculated. Upon completion, the Cadence Orcad software will be used again to construct a circuit schematic,
simulate, and analyse said results.
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
Apply KCL:
+At node B: IR4 – (IR1 + IR3) = 0(1)
+At node C: IS1 – (IR5 + IR3) = 0(2)
+At node A: IR2 – (IR1 + IS1) = 0
5
ó IR2 = IR1 + IR3 + IR5(3)
{
(−5 ) x I R 2+ 17 x I R 3 + I R 5 x 5=10
35 x I R 2 + I R 3 x (−5 ) + I R 5 x (−25)=20
I R 2 x 20+ I R 3 x 12+ I R 5 x (−22)=0
{
639
I R 2= ( A)
257
145
I R 3= ( A)
257
660
I R 5= ( A)
257
Since the voltage value VR1 is negative, the terminal of R1 that we labelled as positive is really at a lower
voltage and vice versa. In other words, the current direction IR1 is assumed to be opposite to the actual current
direction.
6
2.1.2. Phase 2: Circuit construction and simulation configuration using Orcad Pspice
7
Figure 2.2.1.1,1: remove all sources and resistor R5
Since R1 ⊕R 2 ⊕ R3 : 1 1
= +
1
R th R4 R23
R123 =R1 + R2 + R3=30+ 15+50=95 ( Ω )
Since R4 // ( R 1 ⊕ R2 ⊕ R 3 ):
R4 × R 23 20 ×95 380
Rth = = = =16.5217 ( Ω ) *Find Thevenin Voltage value by removing resistor R5 from
R 4 + R23 20+ 95 23
original circuit
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
*Simplify the original circuit with a Voltage resource Vth and resistors Rth, R5
8
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
9
*Remove voltage source V1
2.2.2. Phase 2: Circuit construction and simulation configuration using Orcad Pspice
Figure 2.2.2,1: Original circuit
Figure 2.2.2,2a: Thevenin approach: Remove R5
Figure 2.2.2,2b: Thevenin approach: Simplified circuit
Figure 2.2.2,3a: Superposition approach: Remove current source I1
Figure 2.2.2,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source VS1
2.2.3. Phase 3: Simulation result and comparisons
Figure 2.2.3,1: Original circuit
Figure 2.2.3,2a: Thevenin approach: Remove R5
Figure 2.2.3,2b: Thevenin approach: Simplified circuit
Figure 2.2.3,3a: Superposition approach: Remove current source I1
10
Figure 2.2.3,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source VS1
Thevenin approach Superposition approach
IR3 (A) I’R3 (A) I’’R3 (A)
IR3 (A)
(Original) Vth (V) (Remove (Remove IR3 = I’R3 +
(Simplified
(Remove R5) current source voltage source I’’R3 (A)
circuit)
I1) V1)
Simulation’s
measurement 0.1373 16.0000 0.1373 0.0029 0.1343 0.1372
result
Theoretically
calculated 0.1373 16.0000 0.1373 0.0030 0.1343 0.1373
result
Table 2.2
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
11
Apply KCL: +For loop 2:
+ At node B: VS1 – VR5 – VR3 – VR1 = 0
IR5 – (IR3 + IR4) = 0 ó VS1 – IR5 x R5 – IR3 x R3 – IR1 x R1 = 0(Ohm’s
ó IR3 + IR4 = IR5 Law)
+ At node C: ó 50V – (IR3 + IR4) x 20 Ω - IR3 x 80Ω - IR1 x 25Ω
IR3 - (IR2 + IR1) = 0 =0
ó IR2 + IR1 = IR3 ó -IR1 x 25 Ω - IR3 x 100 Ω - IR4 x 20 Ω = -50V (2)
Apply KVL: +For loop 3:
+ For loop 1: VR2 + VR3 – VR4 = 0
VS2 – VS1 + VR1 – VR2 = 0 ó IR2 x R2 + IR3 x R3 – IR4 x R4 = 0 (Ohm’s Law)
ó VS2 – VS1 + IR1 x R1 – IR2 x R2 = 0 (Ohm’s Law) ó (IR3 – IR1) x 15 Ω + IR3 x 80 Ω - IR4 x 60 Ω = 0
100V – 50V + IR1 x 25Ω - (IR3 – IR1) x 15 Ω = 0 ó -IR1 x 15 Ω + IR3 x 95 Ω - IR4 x 60 Ω = 0 (3)
ó IR1 x 40Ω - IR3 x 15 Ω = -50V (1)
{
I R 1 x 40 Ω−I R 3 x 15Ω=−50 V
From argument (1), (2) and (3), we have a system of equations: −I R 1 x 25 Ω−I R 3 x 100 Ω−I R 4 x 20 Ω=−50 V
−I R 1 x 15Ω+ I R 3 x 95 Ω−I R 4 x 60 Ω=0
12
Simulation’s
measurement 43.1140 74.6300 x 60 = 4477.8000
result
Theoretically
43.1140 4478.0187
calculated result
Table 2.3
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
13
Figure 2.4.1,2: Branch – circuit assumption
Apply KCL:
For node A: IR1 – (IR2 + IR3) = 0
For node B: IR3 – (IR4 + IX) = 0
For node C: IX – (IR5 + IR6) = 0
{
14 k x I R 1−6 k x I R 3=25
6 k x I R 1 −12k x I R 3 +2 k x I X =0
2 k x I R 3−3 k x I X + 1k x I R 6=0
1 k x I X −9 k x I R 6 =0
14
2.4.2.Phase 2: Circuit construction and simulation configuration using Orcad Pspice
15
Figure:2.5.1,2: Remove all power supplies
+ R2 // R3:
1 1 1
= +
R 23 R2 R3
R2 × R3 25× 75 75
R23= = = (Ω)
R 2+ R 3 25+75 4
+ R4 ⊕ (R2 // R3):
75 135
Rth = R4 + R23 = +15= =33.75 ( Ω )
4 4
16
ó IR3 + 2 = IS1 ó 20 = IR3 x (75 + 25)
IR3 + 2 = IR3 + IR4 – 1 1
IR3 = ( A)
5
ó IR4 = 3.0000 (A)
Voltage across the two nodes C and D:
VCD = VCA + VAD
ó VCD = -VR3 + VR4
Apply KVL to loop 1:
ó VCD = -IR3 x R3 + IR4 x R4 (Ohm’s Law)
VS1 – (VR3 + VR2) = 0
−1
ó 20 = IR3 x R3 + IR3 x R2 ó VCD = ×75+3 × 15=30.0000 ( V )
5
*Simplify the original circuit with a Voltage source Vth and 2 resistors Rth and R1
The directions of the current flow are assumed as shown in the circuit. With Ohm’s Law, we can then define the
polarity of voltage across the circuit elements
17
Simulation’s
measurement 0.3582 0.3582 31.4940
result
Theoretical
calculated 0.3582 0.3582 31.5180
result
Table 2.5
18
ó (I’R4 – I’R3) x 30 – I’R3 x 100 + (I’R1 – I’R3) x 200 +For loop 3 :
=0 (1) V’R2 + V’R4 – V’R6 = 0
+For loop 2 : I’R2 x R2 + I’R4 x R4 – I’R6 x R6 = 0 (Ohm’s law)
V’R6 – V’R4 – V’R3 – V’R1 = 0 (I’R4 – I’R3) x R2 + I’R4 x R4 – (10 – I’R4) x R6 =0
I’R6 x R6 – I’R4 x R4 – I’R3 x R3 – I’R1 x R1 = 0 ó (I’R4 – I’R3) x 30 + I’R4 x 50 – (10 – I’R4) x 150 =
(Ohm’s Law) 0 (3)
(10 – I’R4) x 150 – I’R4 x 50 – I’R3 x 100 –
I’R1 x 500= 0 (2)
{ ) x 150=0 ¿ ( I ) x 150+ ( I ' ' R 2−I ' ' R 3 ) x 50−I ' ' R 3 x 100−I ' ' R 1
'' '' '' '' ''
200−I ' ' R 2 x 30−(I ' '¿¿ R 2−I R3 ) x 50−( I R2 −I R3 R2 −I R3
3. Conclusions
In the following lab, a DC resistive circuit analysis was conducted with 6 different circuits, including
mathematical estimation, establishing simulations and eventually comparing the outcomes. In detail, for
theoretical calculation, a number of circuit analytical methods such as Ohm’s law, Thevenin Theorem and
Superposition Theorem were applied to determine the required missing value, while a software supporting
circuit construction and simulation measurement, namely OrCAD Capture and OrCAD Pspice
respectively, was utilized for examining calculated result. Nevertheless, because of some fractions being
rounded up during the theoretical evaluation, there were margin of difference between the outcomes from
analytical stage and simulation.
20
4. Lab work contribution and reflection
Member name Work contribution (%) Work contribution in words
25%
25%
25%
25%
5. Appendix
21
Figure 2.1.3,1: Circuit setup using Orcad Psipice
22
Figure 2.2.2,3a: Superposition approach: Remove current source I1
23
Figure 2.2.2,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source VS1
24
Figure 2.2.3,2a: Thevenin approach: Remove R5
25
Figure 2.2.3,3b: Superposition approach: Remove voltage source VS1
26
Figure 2.3.3,1: Original Circuit
29
Figure 2.5.3,1: Original circuit
30
Figure 2.5.3,2: Remove resistor R1
32
Figure 2.6.3,1: Original circuit
33
Figure 2.6.3,2: Remove voltage source V1
34