MAHARASHTRA 

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 
 
A 
Micro Project Report  
 

On 
 
“   Household Water Filtration Unit“ 
 
Under Course 
Environmental Studies (22447) 
 
Submitted by, 
 
Bhoomi Singh (40)      Akansha Gavali (15) 
Tejal Patil        (38)      Kiran Thakare    (48) 
Saniya Shaikh (20)      Raj Khokale        (19) 
Nikhil Karpe    (44) 
 
 
Guided by, 
 
Prof. S.S. Antre 
Lecturer in Department of Civil Engineering  
 
Academic Year 
2020‐21 
 
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINERING 
MET’S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – POLYTECHNIC  
BHUJBAL KNOWLEDGE CITY 

 
 
 

MET’s Institute of Technology, Polytechnic

Adgaon, Nashik-422 003
Tel. : ( 0253 ) 2303515, 2303267, 2303268 Telefax : ( 0253 ) 2303305, 2303203
Toll-free : 1800 22 0234 Email : principal_iot@bkc.met.edu

CERTIFICATE 
 
This is to Certify that this Micro project report 
 
 
“Household Water Filtration Unit” 
 
Under Course 
Environmental Studies (22447) 
 
 
 
Submitted by   
 
     Bhoomi Singh (40)     Akansha Gavali (15) 
    Tejal Patil        (38)          Kiran Thakare   (48) 
            Saniya Shaikh (20)         Raj Khokale       (19) 
    Nikhil Karpe    (44) 
 
 
Students of Second Year Civil Engineering Department 
In 2020‐21 
As a part of Micro project work as prescribed by 
The Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai  
And that I have guided him/her/them for the said work from time to time  
And I found him/her/them satisfactorily progressive. 
And that, they said work has been assessed by me and I am satisfied that the same is up to the standard 
envisaged for the level of the course. 
 
    
Prof. S.S. Antre                     Prof. B.S. Dhande                       Dr. R.S. Narkhede Project  
        Guide                   Head of Department                                     Principal    
 
  
      MET’s Institute of Technology, Polytechnic, Nashik 

Department of Civil Engineering 

Annexure – IA

Household Water Filtration Unit

1.0 Introduction

A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine

physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process. Household water treatment
Unit can produce clean drinking water of high quality.

2.0 Aim of the Micro- Project:

The micro project aims at:

1. To study the Household water filtration unit.

2. To study the working processes of water filtration unit.
 3.0 Action Plan:

Name of
Sr. No. Details of Activity Start Date Finish Date Responsible Team
Members (R. No.)

1 Selection of Micro Bhoomi Singh(40)

project

2 Research Kiran Thakare(48)

(Content and Images)

3 Collection of data Bhoomi Singh(40)

Akansha Gavali(15)

4 Compilation of the Tejal Patil(38)

collected Data Bhoomi Singh(40)

5 Formatting of the Bhoomi Singh (40)

Document Kiran Thakare(48)

6 Analysed and Confirm Saniya Shaikh(20)

the information by Akansha Gavali(15)
guide
7 Printing of the Final Raj Khokle(19)
Project Nikhil Karpe(44)

8 Submission of the Bhoomi Singh (40)

Micro project Akansha Gavali(15)
 4.0 Resource Required

S.N. Name of Resource/ material Specification Quantity Remark

1. Computer Intel (R) Core 1

(TM) CPU D150

2. Printer Canon Image class 1

3. Google Chrome - -
  
      MET’s Institute of Technology, Polytechnic, Nashik 

Department of Civil Engineering 

Annexure – IIA

 Household Water Filtration Unit

1.0 Brief Description:

Water purifier, is a water treatment equipment for deep filtration and

purification of water quality according to the requirements of water use. The function
of water purifier is to remove floats, heavy metals, bacteria, viruses, residual chlorine,
sediment, rust, microorganisms and so on. It has high precision filtration technology.
The methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and
distillation; biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active
carbon; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination; and the use of
electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Water purification may reduce the
concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria,
algae, viruses, and fungi as well as reduce the concentration of a range of dissolved
and particulate matter.
The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or
by international standards. These standards usually include minimum and maximum
concentrations of contaminants, depending on the intended use of the water.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-project:

1. To study the Household water filtration unit.
2. To study the working processes of water filtration unit.
3. To learn about the different types of Household water filtration units.
3.0 Course Outcome:
1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environment Pollution.
5. Manage social issues and Environment Ethics as lifelong learning.
4.0 Actual Procedure Followed
1. Bhoomi Singh (40): Select the topic for the micro project.
2. Kiran Thakare (48): Performed: Performed the research work (Content and Images)
and passed on the Data to Tejal Patil (38).
3. Bhoomi Singh (40), Akansha Gavali (15): Collect the data and information related to
topic.
4. Tejal Patil (38), Bhoomi Singh (40): They compiled all the collected data under one
Microsoft word document.
5. Bhoomi Singh (40), Kiran Thakare (48): They did the job of formatting the document
and made it presentable.
6. Saniya Shaikh (20), Akansha Gavali (15): They analysed the final Micro-Project and
after consulting our Guide and she passed on the final Micro-Project for Printing.
7. Raj Khokle (19), Nikhil Karpe(44) : He printed the Final Micro-Project.
8. Bhoomi Singh(40), Akansha Gavali(15): Done the submission of the mico project

5.0 Actual Resource Used

S.N. Name of Resource/ material Specification Quantity Remark

1. Computer Intel (R) Core 1

(TM) CPU D150

2. Printer Canon Image class 1

3. Google Chrome - -
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purifi Wikipedia -
cation#Goals
5. https://learn.allergyandair.com/water- Wikipedia -
filters/
6. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the- website -
advantages-and-disadvantages-of-filtration
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purifi Wikipedia 
cation#Goals
6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project:
Water Filters remove unwanted impurities from water such as sediment, taste and
odor, hardness and bacteria to result in better quality water. For the majority of us, drinking
water comes from a treated municipal supply which is safe to drink but will often feature
unpleasant tastes and odors from chemicals such as chlorine which are used to disinfect the
water and keep it free of germs and bacteria.. These issues, chlorine taste / odor and lime
scale formation are just two among a host of other common water problems which can be
solved by water filtration.

Subject to your application there various types of water filters:

1. Mechanical Filters
2. Absorption Filters
3. Reverse Osmosis Filters
4. UV water filter system
5. Inline filters
Each one of these addresses a different water problem and many filters actually use a
combination of these methods to perform multiple levels of filtration.

1. Mechanical Filters

The basic idea of mechanical filtration is to physically remove sediment, dirt or

any particles in the water using a barrier. Mechanical filters can be anything from a basic
mesh that filters out large debris to a ceramic filter which has an extremely complex pore
structure for ultra-fine filtration of pathogenic organisms.

Fig: mechanical filtration

Filter that utilizes mechanical filtration will usually be given a micron rating:

 5 micron - Will remove most particles visible to the naked eye.

 1 micron – Will remove particles which are too small to see without a microscope.

 0.5 micron - Will remove cysts (giardia and cryptosporidium).

2. Absorption Filters

Absorption in water filters is most commonly carried out by carbon, which is

highly effective at capturing water-borne contaminants. The reason carbon absorbs
contaminants so readily is that it has a huge internal surface which is jam packed with
nooks and crannies that can trap chemical impurities such as chlorine.

Fig: Hollow carbon and Carbon block Absorption Filters

Most common domestic filters contain granular activated carbon (GAC) which
reduces unwanted tastes and odors by absorption. More expensive filters use carbon block
elements which are generally more effective and usually carry a micron rating for particle
removal.

3. Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Reverse osmosis (RO) is the process of removing dissolved inorganic solids (such
as magnesium and calcium ions) from water by forcing it through a semipermeable
membrane under pressure so that the water passes through but most of the contaminants
are left behind.

Fig: RO Water Filter

 Reverse osmosis is a highly effective way of purifying water and is usually
combined with a number of other filters such as a mechanical (sediment) filter and an
absorption (activated carbon) filter in order to return water with few contaminants
remaining. Reverse osmosis systems use water pressure to force water through the
membrane so it uses no electricity, though a certain amount of waste water is produced
that has to be sent to the drain. The extra filters involved in multi-stage water filtration
can make a reverse osmosis unit more expensive than other filtration methods but in
applications where 99.9% pure water is required, RO offers the finest level of filtration
available.

4. UV water filter system

In UV water filter system, UV (Ultraviolet) rays are used to kill the harmful
bacteria from the water. Hence the water is completely disinfected from pathogens. UV
water purifier is good for health because it kills all the harmful microbes present in
the water without affecting the taste.

Fig: UV Treatment

UV water purifiers can last several years, but the lamp lasts about 9000 hours.
UV's systems are uncomplicated to manage and designed to run continuously, that's why
to last this long they require maintenance like any other water treatment system. No need
to handle potentially dangerous chemicals (chlorine) virtually immediate disinfection (no
contact tanks like chlorine) Low power consumption environmentally friendly (no
disinfection by-products) No moving parts to wear out or replace UV does not change the
taste or odor of the water.

5. Inline filters

Inline filters sit directly on the water line or appliance and the water passes
through the filter before reaching the tap or appliance. Commonly used in households
this type of filtration is perfect for under-sink installations due to its small size. Inline
filters can reduce common problems with municipal water such as chlorine taste, odor
and bacteria’s providing bottled water tasting water without the plastic waste.
 Fig: Inline Whole house filtration system

Using a whole house water filter is also more environmentally-friendly than

using other types of filters or even buying bottled water. Unlike other water filtration
systems, a whole house system does not produce wastewater. This means that all the
water entering the filter will come out of it in the same quantity.

When you’re buying bottled water, you’re actually growing your carbon
footprint. First of all, bottled water comes in plastic bottles. Not all the plastic we use
is recycled, so lowering the amount of plastic you buy is beneficial for the
environment. Second, the bottled water is many times produced in one part of the
country and consumed in another. This means it was most likely transported via
trucks from one state to another. The transport increases the bottled water’s carbon
footprint.
7.0 Skill Developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project
 We have studied the Household water filtration unit.
 We learnt about the working process of water filtration unit.
 We have learnt about the different types of water filtration.