JOB-4 29-09-2014

To study the characteristics of hydraulic jump developed in the

lab flume

Objectives:
To physically achieve the hydraulic jump in the lab.
To measure the dimensions of hydraulic jump physically.
To calculate the energy loss due to hydraulic jump.
To plot the hydraulic jump at different Froude no.

Apparatus:
Glass sided tilting flume
Hook gauge
Weir

Related theory:
Hydraulic jump:
It is non-uniform super-critical flow changes to sub-critical. This phenomenon is
dependent upon initial flow speed. If initial speed of flow is below critical speed then there will
be no hydraulic jump.

Applications of Hydraulic Jump:

Dissipation of energy of water flowing over the dam or weir to prevent the possible
scouring and erosion.
Raising the water level in the canal to enhance the irrigation practices.
Reducing the uplift pressure under the foundation of hydraulic structures.
Creating special flow condition to meet certain need at the control section
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Conjugate depths:
The depth of flow just before and after the hydraulic jump are called as conjugate
depths (y1 & y2).

Depth of hydraulic jump:

The difference between the depth of flow before and after the hydraulic jump and it is
equal to D.
= −

1+8
= −1 +
2

Y1 = depth of flow just before the formation of hydraulic jump.

Energy Loss:
The loss of energy in hydraulic jump is equal to difference in specific energy before and after the
jump.

ℎ = ∆ = −

ℎ = + − +
2 2
1
ℎ = − + [ − ]
2
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Further simplification results in

3
−
ℎ =
4

Length of Hydraulic Jump:

It is defined as the distance from the front face of the jump to the point on the surface
immediately downstream roller associated with the jump. It is generally 5-7 times the depth of
flow after the hydraulic jump.

Location of Hydraulic Jump:

Location of hydraulic jump is dependent on the sequent depth y 2 and alternate depth at
section 2 i.e. y2’.
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Type of Hydraulic Jump:

It can be classified on the base of Froude no. just upstream of the jump and is called as
approach Froude no.

.= =
√

1. Undular Jump __________________ (1 < FR1 < 1.7)

2. Weak Jump ____________________ (1.7 < FR1 < 2.5)
Y2/y1 = 2.0-3.1
3. Oscillating Jump ________________ (2.5 < FR1 < 4.5)
Y2/y1 = 3.1-5.0
When FR1 is within 2.5-4.5 there is an oscillating jet entering the hydraulic jump from
the bottom and back again with no prodicity and it produces large waves of irregular
period which travels from miles doing damage to the earth bank.
4. Stable Jump ___________________ (4.5 < FR1 < 9)
Dissipation of energy = 45-70%
Considerable rise in D/S water level
Y2/y1 = 5.9-12.0
5. Strong or Rough Jump ___________ (FR1 > 9)
Dissipation of energy = 85%
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Y2/y1 = 12-20 or more

Procedure:
At first we set the slope.
At particular flow we noted the manometric head and from graph we noted the
discharge for that particular flow.
We measured the depth of water before and after the hydraulic jump at three different
positions.
Then we noted down the length of hydraulic jump.
Complete one set of reading then change the discharge and again take reading.

Hydraulic Jump in lab flume:

Observations & Calculations:

Width of flume = 30 cm = 0.3 m

Bed Slope = s = 1/40 m/m

JOB-4 29-09-2014

Hydraulic Jump-1
0.1000

0.0900

0.0800

0.0700

0.0600

0.0500

0.0400

0.0300

0.0200

0.0100

0.0000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
X (cm)

Hydraulic Jump-2
0.1000

0.0900

0.0800

0.0700

0.0600

0.0500

0.0400

0.0300

0.0200

0.0100

0.0000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
X (cm)
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Hydraulic Jump-3
0.1400

0.1200

0.1000

0.0800

0.0600

0.0400

0.0200

0.0000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
X (cm)

Hydraulic Jump-4
0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X (cm)
JOB-4 29-09-2014

Hydraulic Jump-5
0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
X (cm)

Hydraulic Jump-6
0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
X (cm)