Report Black Book

“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN WITH AND WITHOUT UTILIZATION OF WASTE
PLASTIC”
ABSTRACT
Plastic is everywhere in today’s lifestyle. It is considered as one of the important invention

which has remarkably assisted in different aspects of life whether it might be in scientific field or
others, plastic has become the significant pollutant of Environment because of the Use and Throw
mechanism .The use of plastic has to be limited by now otherwise there would be harshly
circumstance that human and environment has to face in near future. Utilizing this Plastic waste for
a positive purpose assists in reducing its effect on environment. Plastic is waste hazard to the
environment Plastic waste can be reused productively in the construction of road and stability of soil
for utilizing different purpose. Thus, using plastic as stabilizer and road construction material will
help in two ways, in addressing the problem of disposing the plastic waste and also using the most
available black cotton soils wherever possible and in the construction of road in rural area.
The waste plastic and its disposal is a major threat to the environment, which results in
pollution and global warming. The utilization of plastic waste in bituminous mixes enhances its
properties and also its strength. In addition it will also be a solution to plastic disposal & various
defects in pavement viz., pot holes, corrugation, ruts, etc. the waste plastic used are poly-ethylene,
polystyrene , polypropylene. The waste plastic is shredded & coated over aggregate & mixed with
hot bitumen and resulted mix is used for pavement construction. This will not only strengthen the
pavement and also increases its durability. The titanium-dioxide is used as a smoke absorbent
material, which will absorb the smoke from the vehicles. This innovative technology will be boon
for Indian hot-humid climate. It's economical and eco-friendly.
In regular Street making process bitumen is utilized as folio. Such bitumen can be adjusted
with squander plastic pieces and bitumen blend is made which can be utilized as a best layer of
adaptable asphalt. The plastics from PET jugs to be utilized in blends for examine work. The
measurements of plastic of 5 %, 7.5%, 10 %, 12.5% and 15 % utilized as substitution of bitumen.
The advance plastics content is 10% with 5.25 % of bitumen content. Subsequently it is efficient and
earth advantageous for development of plastic blend bituminous street.
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“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN WITH AND WITHOUT UTILIZATION OF
WASTE PLASTIC”
WASTE PLASTIC”
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The word “plastic” is derived from the Greek word Plastikos meaning fit for molding
and Plastos meaning molded. Plastics will keep unchanged for as long as 4500 years on the
earth. With increase the population growth and developmental activities leads to increase the
plastic waste which is hazardous to environment. Plastic is a substance which has broad ranges
synthetic and semi-synthetic and can be casted in to different types of solid objects. It is user
friendly and durable but not eco-friendly and also they are non-biodegradable. It has chemical
bond which makes it durable tends to make it resistant to natural process of degradation. Due
to its low cost, impervious property to water and easy manufacturing, plastic are widely used
in manufacturing wide range of product. There are
Two major types of plastics- Thermoplastics and Thermoses.
1-Thermoplastics - Thermoplastics is a plastic polymer material that becomes moldable at a

certain elevated temperature and solidifies upon cooling.
2- Thermoses - Thermoses is a condition of plastics when it is in solid form .This type of plastic
is very useful in their durability and strength.
Waste plastic i.e. polythene, carry bags after liquefaction at certain temperature it can
be used as binder or mix with the bitumen to enhance its properties. This could be great
enhancer of bitumen used in road construction. This study could be very useful for improving
the durability of Bitumen road and Sustainable minimization of plastic waste.
The major threat to the environment is the disposal of waste plastic. In a highway, the
potholes and corrugation is the major problem. Plastic pavement will be a better solution to the
above stated problems. A material that contain one or more organic polymer of large molecular
weight, solid in its finished state, can be shaped by its flow is called as “Plastic”. The durability
of plastic is high and it degrades very slowly. And also plastic has high resistant to degradation.
Plastic can be divided into two major categories- thermoses & thermoplastics. Thermosets have
high durability and strength because it solidifies irreversibly when heated, henceforth can be
used primarily in construction application. Plastic is a non-degradable waste, causes green-
house effect and global warming. The various experiments have been carried out whether the
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waste plastic can be reused productively. The various literature indicated that the waste plastic
when added to hot aggregates will form a fine coat of plastic over the aggregate and such
aggregates when mixed with binder is found to have higher strength, higher resistance and
better performance over a period of time. Along with bitumen, use waste plastic increases its
life and smoothness. It is economical and eco-friendly. Addition of plastic waste in construction
of pavements reduces the plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. The use of waste plastic
improves the abrasion & slip resistance of asphalt pavement. In India, because of hot and
extremely humid climate, plastic pavements of greatest advantage.
In order absorb the smoke from the vehicles; titanium di-oxide can be used. It also
enhances the mechanical properties of the plastic, resulting in higher strength and higher
resistance.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In literature review we will study the research papers which are related to properties of bitumen
with and without utilization of waste plastic.
T Sarada. (An Experimental Study on Plastic Blended Bituminous Concrete Mix Roads)
(International Journal of Engineering And Technology) (2018)
Finally we conclude that the plastic blended bituminous concrete mix exhibits better
performance than the conventional bituminous roads. In case of friction it exhibits same friction
co-efficient value.
• It is observed that the stripping of bitumen is reduced due to plastic blend.
• The pot hole formation is also reduced.
• The pot hole formation in roads are highly reduced with6% plastic, but Strength point of view
8% gives better results.
• The penetration value is reduced that means the load bearing capacity increases.
• In economic point of view it is economic also. the waste plastic disposal also become easier
process.
• In future plastic usage value increase at high rate, it leads to lot of disposal problem it can be
face by this method of plastic waste recycle.
• Plastic is major environmental problem it can be used for green environment development by
this type of usage methods.
The plastic blended bituminous concrete mix exhibits better performance than the conventional
bituminous roads. In case of friction it exhibits same friction co-efficient value.
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Sunil J. Kulkarni. (A Review on Studies and Research on Use of Plastic Waste)
(International Journal of Research and Review) (26/11/2015)
The problem of plastic waste can be minimized by reuse of plastic. Waste plastic can be used
for synthesis of products like ethanol. The use of plastic for road construction is widely
investigated area. The strength of the roads constructed with plastic mixed bitumen was found
to be more than that constructed with usual material. The conversion of plastic waste into fuel
oil was also successfully carried out by few investigators. It can be concluded that use of waste
plastic can minimize the disposal problem and add to economical aspects of fuel synthesis and
various construction activities.
Minimization of waste material is important aspect of the modern growth and development
initiatives. The plastic can be used as feedstock for ethanol like products. It can be used for
road construction and other construction related activities.
Zeesan Anwar, Vikash Kumar, Sourav Kumar. (Use of Waste Plastic in Road
Construction) (International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering)
(February 2018)
In the study of soil stability plastic, the improved CBR value of the soil is due to the addition
of plastic strips. Plastic can be utilized as one of the material that can be used as a soil stabilizing
agent but the proper proportion of plastic must be there, which helps in increasing the CBR of
the soil. It can be concluded that CBR percentage goes on increasing up to 4% plastic content
in the soil and there on it decreases with increase in plastic content. Hence, we can say that 4%
plastic content is the optimum content of plastic waste in the soil. Utilization of plastic products
in various forms is enormously increasing day by day. This has an adverse effect in nature and
it is not possible to restrict its uses. In this regard, using plastic as a soil stabilizer is an
economical and gainful usage because there is lack of good quality soil for various
constructions.
• In the study of plastic in road construction, Plastic will increase the melting point of the
bitumen and help in better road construction. This innovative technology not only strengthened
the road construction but also increased the road life. Plastic roads would be boon for India’s
hot & extremely humid climate, where temperature frequently cross 50°C.
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R. Vasudevan, S.K.Nigam, R. Velkennedy, A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar, B.

Sundarakannan (Utilization of Waste Polymers for Flexible Pavement and Easy Disposal
of Waste Polymers) (International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management)
(September 2007)
The generation of waste plastics is increasing day by day. The major polymers namely
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene show adhesion property in their molten state. Stone
aggregate is coated with the molten waste plastics. The coating of plastics reduces the porosity,
absorption of moisture and improves soundness. The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix
forms better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher Marshall
Stability value and suitable Marshall Coefficient. Hence the use of waste plastics for flexible
pavement is one of the best methods for easy disposal of waste plastics. The use of polymer
coated aggregate is better than the use of polymer modified bitumen in many respects.
Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting
in better result. In India more than 3.3 million km of road is available. If they are constructed
as plastic tar road, there will be less waste plastic available on the road. The process is eco
friendly. The use of waste plastics in the manufacture of pathway blocks and laminated roofing
also help to consume large quantity of waste plastics. These processes are eco friendly and
socially highly relevant, giving better infrastructure. Let us grow with these
newer technologies.
Rutvij N. Desai, Nishant A. Vora, Prof. H. K. Dave (Use of Plastic in Bituminous Concrete
Mixes) (Paripex-Indian Journal of Research) (April 2013)
This review intended to find the effective ways to reutilize the hard plastic waste particles as
bitumen modifier for flexible pavements. The use of recycled waste plastic in pavement asphalt
represents a valuable outlet for such materials. The use of modified bitumen with the addition
of processed waste plastic of about 5-10% by weight of bitumen helps in substantially
improving the Marshall stability, strength, fatigue life and other desirable properties of
bituminous concrete mix, resulting which improves the longevity and pavement
performance with marginal saving in bitumen usage. The process is environment friendly. The
use of waste plastics in the manufacture of roads and laminated roofing also help to consume
large quantity of waste plastics. Thus, these processes are socially highly relevant, giving better
infrastructure.
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Gulamsakhi Azizi, Zulufqar Bin Rashid. (Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste
Rubber and Fly Ash in Bituminous Mixes) (International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology) (Jan-2018)
 By using waste plastic stability is increased and also reduces porosity& absorption of
moisture and improves property. Plastic coating over aggregate compressive strength, binding
strength and life road increased and improve soundness. It can withstand higher temperature.
 The addition of rubber aggregates in bituminous mix the quantity of stone aggregate by
volume and increase the flexibility and flexural strength. This not only minimizes the pollution
occurred due to waste tyre but also minimizes the use of conventional aggregate. By add crumb
rubber in bitumen specific gravity, softening point, flesh& fire are increasing and
ductility, penetration are decreasing.
 By using waste plastic and waste rubber as modifying agent, optimum bitumen content
becomes minimum and stability becomes maximum. These result also indicate that the waste
modified bituminous mix is much stronger than the of conventional mix. Marshall Stability is
also increased.
 Fly ash was used as filler material replaced by stone dust. The results stability maybe increase
but flow values stented to decrease. Fly ash generally dumped maybe used as replacement of
common filler to support global sustainability.
Shweta N. Rokdey, P. L. Naktode, M. R. Nikhar (Use of Plastic Waste in Road

Construction) (International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering,
Science and Technology) (2015)
1. Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen.
2. This innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased
the road life.
Plastic roads would be boon for India’s hot & extremely humid climate, where temperature
frequently cross 50°C .
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Rishi Singh Chhabra, Supriya Marik (Use of Waste Plastics and Waste Rubber Tyres In
Pavement) (International Journal on The Use of Waste Plastics And Waste Rubber Tyres
in Pavement) (April 2014)
The use of waste plastic and waste rubber tyre in construction of roads brings out a better
performance. Since there is better binding of bitumen with plastic and tyre. The frequency of
voids is also reduced due to increased bonding and area of contact between polymers and
bitumen. This ultimately helps in decreasing the moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen
by entrapped air. Hence, the roads can withstand heavy traffic, thereby making them
more durable. Whereas the mixing of rubber aggregate on the other hand while mixing in the
bituminous mix decreases the quantity of stone aggregate by volume, makes it more flexible
and also increases the flexural strength in the uppermost layer of the highways. The waste tyres
can be used as well sized aggregate in the various bituminous mixes if it is cut in the form
of aggregate and can be called as rubber aggregate. This not only minimizes the pollution
occurred due to waste tyres but also minimizes the use of conventional aggregate which is
available in exhaustible quantity.
Amit Gawande, G. S. Zamre, V.C. Renge (Utilization of Waste Plastic in Asphalting of

Roads) (Scientific Reviews and Chemical Communications) (2012)
This review intended to find the effective ways to reutilize the hard plastic waste particles
as bitumen modifier for flexible pavements. The use of recycled waste plastic in pavement
asphalt represents a valuable outlet for such materials. The use of modified bitumen with the
addition of processed waste plastic of about 5-10% by weight of bitumen helps in substantially
improving the Marshall stability, strength, fatigue life and other desirable properties of
bituminous concrete mix, resulting which improves the longevity and pavement performance
with marginal saving in bitumen usage. The process is environment friendly. The use of waste
plastics in the manufacture of roads and laminated roofing also help to consume large quantity
of waste plastics. Thus, these processes are socially highly relevant, giving better infrastructure.
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Prof. Avadhut Kulkarni, Baibhav Kumar, Ronak Tripathi, Samarth MathurSumesh

Karanje (International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering
Technology) (May 2019)
A. Evidence of Better Performance of the Plastic Tar Roads, the performance studies carried
out on our specimen indicated satisfactory performance with good skid resistance, good texture
value, stronger and less amount of progressive unevenness over a period of time.
B. The use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also
increased the road life as well as will help to improve the environment and also creating a
source of income. Plastic roads would be a boon for India’s hot and extremely humid climate,
leaving most of the roads with big potholes.
Ankita Chakraborty, Sapna Mehta (Utilization and Minimization of Waste

Plastic in Construction of Pavements) (International Journal of Engineering
Technology Science and Research) (August 2017)
Critical problem of solid waste minimization lies with non-biodegradable waste. Use of plastic
in construction material is becoming more and more acceptable due to the improved properties
of materials[8].The production of waste plastics is increasing every now and then. The major
polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene show adhesion property in their
molten state. Plastic increases the melting point of the bitumen. Plastic bottles, polymers, cups,
etc. can be re-used by powdering and blending. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can
be mixed in engineering materials to reduce cost and improve properties[9]. The use of waste
plastics for pavement is one of the best method for easy disposal of waste plastics. The polymer
coating also reduces the voids. This prevents the moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen
by entrapped air. This has resulted in reduced rutting, raveling, and there is not pothole
formation. The road can withstand heavy traffic and shows better durability[10]. Use of waste
plastic in flexible pavements shows good result when compared with conventional flexible
pavements.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Different grades and types are available in bitumen, various physical tests are specified
to judge the stability of binders.
 Literature review.
 Tests on bitumen.
3.1)Ductility test on Bitumen
Objective:
To determine ductility value of asphaltic bitumen.
Apparatus Required:
1. Briquette mould
2. Ductility setup
3. Burner
Description:
Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo great deformation or elongation.
The ductility of a bituminous material is defined as the distance in centimeters, to which it will
elongate before breaking when two ends of a briquette specimen of the material are pulled apart
at a specified speed and a specified temperature. Ductility is measure of cohesive property of
the bitumen, this indicates the binding power of bitumen material and ability to sustain shocks.
This property of the binder is of prime importance for road surfacing because if the ductility of
binder used is lower than tends to wear rapidly and cracks before the end of its life span.
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Fig. 3.1: Briquette mould
Procedure to determine ductility value of Bitumen:
1) Assemble the mould on brass plate. Apply glycerin to the entire surface of mould and sides.
The bituminous material is heated to a pouring temperature and is poured to the briquette mould
on a brass plate.
2) Place the sample in water bath maintained at a temperature of 270C for half an hour.
3) Adjust the pointer of the machine to read zero. Start the machine and apply the tension load
at a speed of 50mm per minute until sample rupture.
4) The distance through which the clips are pulled is a measure of ductility.
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3.2)Specific gravity of bitumen
Objective:
To determine the specific gravity of given sample of bitumen.
Apparatus Required:
1. Specific gravity bottle
2. Weighing balance
3. Distilled water
Description:
Specific gravity is defined by BIS as the ratio of the mass of the given
volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water. The
knowledge of specific gravity is required in the conversion of weight to volume for
mixing proportion. This test is used for identification of source and purity of bitumen.
Pure bitumen has specific gravity from 0.97 to 1.02, if impurities are present then the
specific gravity increases.
Fig.3.2: Specific gravity
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Procedure to specific gravity of Bitumen:
1) Clean the specific gravity bottle, dry it and weight it along with rubber ring and stopper (W1)
2) Fill it completely with fresh distilled water, clean from outside note down its weight (W2)
3) Break the bitumen sample in to pieces and drop into the bottle which is empty and dried:
Note the weight of bottle along with sample (W3)
4) Fill the remaining portion of the bottle with fresh distilled water. Place the stopper and dry
the outside portion and note down the weight (W4)
3.3)Penetration test on Bitumen
Objective:
To determine consistency of bitumen or the grade of the bitumen by penetration
test.
Apparatus Required:
1. Flat bottom cylindrical dish
2. Container
3. Penetrometer
4. Needle
Description:
Penetration is a measure of consistency. It quantifies the hardness
or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard

loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5 seconds under specified temperature, load and
duration of loading. A grade of 40/50 bitumen represents the penetration value is in the range
40 to 50 at standard test conditions. Higher is the penetration of bitumen softer is the
consistency. This is one of the most widely used test for classifying bituminous materials into
different grades. Lower grades (30-40 etc) are harder and used in hot region. 80-100 grade is
used in normal climate.
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Fig. 3.3: Penetrometer
Procedure to calculate Penetration value of Bitumen:
1) Melt the bitumen sample Completely and stir it thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free
from bubbles. Pour the molten sample in the container. Cool it to 180C for one hour.
2) Thus the sample is ready for carrying out the test. Keep the sample in a water bath at 250C.
3) Place the container on the platform of penetration apparatus. Adjust the needle tomake
contact with the surface of the sample
4) Note down the initial reading and release the needle for specified period of time that is
5secondsby pushing the knob and take the final reading.
5) The difference of readings gives the depth of penetration in 100th of cms or mm. Repeat the
procedure till the consistent readings are obtained.
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3.4)Softening point test on Bitumen
Objective:
To determine the softening point of the given sample of bitumen.
Apparatus Required:
1. Ring and Ball Apparatus
2. Water Bath with Stirrer
3. Steel balls (9.5mm diameter)
4. Burner
Description:
The softening point of materials like asphalt, bitumen have no definite melting point, but when
heated it gradually changes from brittle or very thick and slow-flowing materials to more
mobile liquid material. The softening point of bitumen or tar is the temperature at which the
substance attains particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test.
Fig. 3.4: Set up for Softening Point test

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Procedure to calculate Softening Point of Bitumen:
1) Melt the bitumen sample and pour it in to the sample rings, cool it in air for 30minutes.Cut
the excess compound adhering to the rings. Assemble the sample as shown in fig.
2) Fill the glass vessel with freshly boiled and distilled water cooled to 50C. The water is filled
up to 5cm minimum above the ring.
3) Place the ball in the center of the upper surface and allow it to remain for 15 minutes.
4) Suspend the thermometer in such a way that bottom of the bulb lies in the plane of bottom
of ring but not touching the surface. Apply heat so that rise in temperature is 50C/min.
5) The softening point is the temperature recorded by the thermometer rat at the instant when
steel ball touches the lower brass plate
 Adding different plastic wastes such as poly ethylene, poly propylene, oly styrene,
PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC and performing tests on bitumen added with above plastic waste.
 Comparing properties of bitumen without waste plastic and bitumen with percentage
of waste plastic
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CHAPTER 4
FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR PROPOSED WORK:
*Material Testing Laboratory, PVPIT, Budhgaon.
*Transportation Engineering Laboratory, PVPIT, Budhgaon.
*Compute Facility, Central and Departmental Library
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CHAPTER 5
DETAILS OF WORK CARRIED OUT AND PROPOSED PLAN

OF WORK OF THE PROJECT :
Proposed work will include performing test on bitumen such as penetration test,
softening point test, ductility test, specific gravity test.
Comparing properties of bitumen with and without utilizing waste plastic.
5.1) Test On Bitumen:
Bitumen Result
Softening Point Test Temp = 49.5*c
Specific Gravity Test 0.80
Ductility Test 89 cm
Penetration Test 54.75 mm
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5.2) Types Of Plastic used:
1) Poly-propylene :
2) Plastic Bottle (PET)
3) HDPE (High Density Polyethylene )
Utilization of waste plastic in bitumen with varying percentage 10%, 15% and 20%.
5.2.1) Poly-Propylene:
Poly-Propylene 10% 15% 20%
Softening Point 70.5* 73.5* 86.5*

Test
Specific Gravity 0.98 0.92 0.70

Test
Ductility Test 1.2 cm 1 cm 0.9 cm
Penetration Test 15 mm 12 mm 7 mm
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5.2.2) Plastic Bottle (PET):
PET 10% 15% 20%
58* 66* 75*

Softening Point
Test
1.14 1.06 1.02
Specific Gravity
Test
57 cm 32.3 cm 18 cm
Ductility Test
84 mm 58 mm 42 m
Penetration Test
5.2.3) HDPE (High Density Polyethylene):
10% 15% 20%

HDPE
___ ___ ___
Softening Point
Test
0.94 0.89 0.86
Specific Gravity
Test
1.1 cm 1.6 cm 1.8 cm
Ductility Test
41 mm 30 mm
Penetration Test 10 mm
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CHAPTER 6
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TEST RESULT:
6.1) SOFTENING POINT TEST:-
6.1.1)
Material Temp. In *C
Bitumen 49.5
10% Poly-Propylene +90%
70.5
Bitumen
Softening Point Test

80
70
60
50
Temp. In *C
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 10% Poly-Propylene +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.1
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6.1.2) Material Temp. In *C

Bitumen 49.5
15% Poly-Propylene + 85%
73.5
Bitumen

80
70
60
Temp. In *C
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 15% Poly-Propylene + 85% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.2
6.1.3) Material Temp. In *C

Bitumen 49.5
20% Poly-Propylene + 80%
86.5
Bitumen

100
90
80
70
Temp. In *C
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 20% Poly-Propylene + 80% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.3
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6.1.4)
Bitumen 49.5
10% Plastic Bottel(PET) +90%
58
Bitumen

60
58
56
Temp. In *C
54
52
50
48
46
44
Bitumen 10% Plastic Bottel(PET) +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.4
6.1.5)
Bitumen 49.5
15% Plastic Bottel(PET) +85%
66
Bitumen

70
60
50
Temp. In *C
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.1.5
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6.1.6)
Bitumen 49.5
20% Plastic Bottel(PET) +80% Bitumen
75

80
70
60
Temp. In *C
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.1.6
6.1.7)
Bitumen 49.5
10%HDPE +90% Bitumen 0

60
50
Temp. In *C
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 10%HDPE +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.7
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6.1.8)
Bitumen 49.5
15% HDPE+85% Bitumen 0

60
50
Temp. In *C
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 15% HDPE+85% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.8
6.1.9)
Bitumen 49.5
20%HDPE +80% Bitumen
0

60
50
Temp. In *C
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 20%HDPE +80% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.1.9
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6.2) SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST:-
6.2.1)
Material Specific Gravity

Bitumen 0.8
10% Poly-Propylene +90% Bitumen 0.98
Specific Gravity Test

1.2
0.8
Specific Gravity
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Mixture
Fig 6.2.1
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6.2.2)

Bitumen 0.8
15% Poly-Propylene +85% Bitumen
0.92

0.95
0.9
Specific Gravity
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
Mixture
Fig 6.2.2
6.2.3)

Bitumen 0.8
20% Poly-Propylene +80%
0.7
Bitumen

0.82
0.8
0.78
Specific Gravity
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.7
0.68
0.66
0.64
Mixture
Fig 6.2.3
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6.2.4)

Bitumen 0.8
10% Plastic Bottle(PET) +90% 1.14
Bitumen

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen 10% Plastic Bottle(PET) +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.2.4
6.2.5)

Bitumen 0.8
15% Plastic Bottle+85% Bitumen 1.06

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen 15% Plastic Bottle+85% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.2.5
PVPIT BUDHGAON 28
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.2.6)

Bitumen 0.8
20% Plastic Bottle +80% Bitumen 1.02

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen 20% Plastic Bottle +80% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.2.6
6.2.7)

Bitumen 0.8
10% HDPE +90% Bitumen 0.94

1
0.95
Specific Gravity
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
Bitumen 10% HDPE +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.2.7
PVPIT BUDHGAON 29
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.2.8)

Bitumen 0.8

0.9
Specific Gravity
0.85
0.8
0.75
Mixture
Fig 6.2.8
6.2.9)

Bitumen 0.8

0.87
0.86
0.85
Specific Gravity
0.84
0.83
0.82
0.81
0.8
0.79
0.78
0.77
Mixture
Fig 6.2.9
PVPIT BUDHGAON 30
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.3) DUCTILITY TEST:-
6.3.1)
Ductility In
Material cm
Bitumen 89
Ductility Test
100
90
80
70
Ductility In cm
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.1
PVPIT BUDHGAON 31
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.3.2)
Material Ductility In cm
Bitumen 89
15% Poly-Propylene +85% Bitumen 1
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.2
6.3.3)
Bitumen 89
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 32
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.3.4)
Ductility In
Material cm
Bitumen 89
10% Plastic Bottle(PET) +90% Bitumen 57
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.4
6.3.5)
Bitumen 89
15% Plastic Bottle(PET) +85% Bitumen 32.3
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.5
PVPIT BUDHGAON 33
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.3.6)
Bitumen 89
20% Plastic Bottle(PET) +80% 18
Bitumen
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.6
6.3.7)
Bitumen 89
Ductility Test
100
90
80
Ductility In cm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.7
PVPIT BUDHGAON 34
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.3.8)
Bitumen 89
Ductility Test
100
80
Ductility In cm
60
40
20
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.8
6.3.9)
Ductility In
Material cm
Bitumen 89
Ductility Test
100
90
80
Ductility In cm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.3.9
PVPIT BUDHGAON 35
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.4) PENETRATION TEST:-
6.4.1)
Penetration Value
Material In mm
Bitumen 54.75
10% Poly-Propylene +90% Bitumen 15
Penetration Test
60
50
Penetration Value In mm
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.1
PVPIT BUDHGAON 36
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.4.2)
Material Penetration Value In mm

Bitumen 54.75
15% Poly-Propylene +85% 12
Bitumen
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.2
6.4.3)
Penetration Value In
Material mm
Bitumen 54.75
20% Poly-Propylene +80% 7
Bitumen
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 37
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.4.4)
Penetration
Material Value In mm
Bitumen 54.75
10% Plastic Bottle (PET) +90% 84
Bitumen
Penetration Test
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bitumen 10% Plastic Bottle (PET) +90% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.4.4
6.4.5)
Penetration
Bitumen 54.75
15% Plastic Bottle (PET) +85% 58
Bitumen
Penetration Test
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
Bitumen 15% Plastic Bottle (PET) +85% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.4.5
PVPIT BUDHGAON 38
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.4.6)
Penetration Value
Material In mm
Bitumen 54.75
20% Plastic Bottle (PET) + 80% 42
Bitumen
Penetration Test
60
40
20
0
Bitumen 20% Plastic Bottle (PET) + 80% Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.4.6
6.4.7)
Penetration Value
Material In mm
Bitumen 54.75
10% HDPE +90% Bitumen 41
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.7
PVPIT BUDHGAON 39
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.4.8)
Penetration
Bitumen 54.75
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.8
6.4.9)
Penetration Value
Material In mm
Bitumen 54.75
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Fig 6.4.9
PVPIT BUDHGAON 40
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.5) SOFTENING POINT TEST RESULTS
6.5.1) (10%Plastic+90%Bitumen):-

80
70
60
Temp. In *C
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen (10%PET-Poly-Propylene-HDPE) +90%
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.5.1

80
70
60
Temp. In *C
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen (15% PET-Poly-Propylene-HDPE)+85%
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.5.2
PVPIT BUDHGAON 41
WASTE PLASTIC”

100
90
80
70
Temp. In *C
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.5.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 42
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.6) SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST RESULTS

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen (10% PET-Poly-Propylene-HDPE) +90%
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.6.1

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.6.2
PVPIT BUDHGAON 43
WASTE PLASTIC”

1.2
1
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.6.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 44
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.7) DUCTILITY TEST RESULTS
Ductility Test
100
90
80
Ductility In cm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen 10% PET-Poly-Propylene-HDPE) +90%
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.7.1
Ductility Test
100
90
80
Ductility In cm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen
Mixture
PVPIT BUDHGAON 45
WASTE PLASTIC”
Fig 6.7.2
Ductility Test
100
90
80
Ductility In cm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.7.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 46
WASTE PLASTIC”
6.8) PENETRATION TEST RESULTS
Penetration Test
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen (10%PET-Poly-Propylene-HDPE)+90%
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.8.1
Penetration Test
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.8.2
PVPIT BUDHGAON 47
WASTE PLASTIC”
Penetration Test
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bitumen
Mixture
Fig 6.8.3
PVPIT BUDHGAON 48
WASTE PLASTIC”
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
Based on the Experiment Study and results given above the following conclusions are drawn:
1) The plastic mixed with bitumen and aggregates is used for the better performance of
the roads.
2) The use of plastic mix will reduce the bitumen content by various percentage and
increases the strength and performance of the road.
3) From the above study or experiment we can conclude that using liquid plastic waste
with bitumen will help to improve the strength and performance.
4) We take three types of plastic waste. Out of them PET (Plastic Bottle) waste is good
for use with bitumen.
5) Percentage of plastic bottle (PET) as increases in bitumen then softening point increases
by 25% as compared to bitumen.
6) Percentage of plastic bottle (PET) as increases in bitumen then specific gravity
increases by 25% as compared to bitumen.
7) Percentage of plastic bottle (PET) as increases in bitumen then ductility decreases by
59% as compared to bitumen.
8) Percentage of plastic bottle (PET) as increases in bitumen then penetration value
increases by10% as compared to bitumen.
9) Percentage of HDPE as increases in bitumen then specific gravity increases by 10% as
compared to bitumen.
10) Percentage of HDPE as increases in bitumen then ductility decreases by 98% as
compared to bitumen.
11) Percentage of HDPE as increases in bitumen then penetration value decreases by 50%
as compared to bitumen.
12) Percentage of poly-propylene as increases in bitumen then softening point increases by
13) Percentage of poly-propylene as increases in bitumen then specific gravity increases by
PVPIT BUDHGAON 49
WASTE PLASTIC”
14) Percentage of poly-propylene as increases in bitumen then ductility decreases by 98%

as compared to bitumen.
15) Percentage of poly-propylene as increases in bitumen then penetration value decreases
by 79% as compared to bitumen.
PVPIT BUDHGAON 50
WASTE PLASTIC”
CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES
[1] T Sarada. (An Experimental Study on Plastic Blended Bituminous Concrete Mix Roads)
(International Journal of Engineering And Technology) (2018)
[2] Sunil J. Kulkarni. (A Review on Studies and Research on Use of Plastic Waste)
(International Journal of Research and Review) (26/11/2015)
[3] Zeesan Anwar, Vikash Kumar, Sourav Kumar. (Use of Waste Plastic in Road
Construction) (International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering)
(February 2018)
[4] R. Vasudevan, S.K.Nigam, R. Velkennedy, A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar, B.

Sundarakannan (Utilization of Waste Polymers for Flexible Pavement and Easy Disposal
of Waste Polymers) (International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management)
(September 2007)
[5] Rutvij N. Desai, Nishant A. Vora, Prof. H. K. Dave (Use of Plastic in Bituminous
Concrete Mixes) (Paripex-Indian Journal of Research) (April 2013)
[6] Gulamsakhi Azizi, Zulufqar Bin Rashid. (Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste
Rubber and Fly Ash in Bituminous Mixes) (International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology) (Jan-2018)
[7] Shweta N. Rokdey, P. L. Naktode, M. R. Nikhar (Use of Plastic Waste in Road

Construction) (International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science
and Technology) (2015)
[8] Rishi Singh Chhabra, Supriya Marik (Use of Waste Plastics and Waste Rubber Tyres
In Pavement) (International Journal on The Use of Waste Plastics And Waste Rubber Tyres
in Pavement) (April 2014)
[9] Amit Gawande, G. S. Zamre, V.C. Renge (Utilization of Waste Plastic in Asphalting of
Roads) (Scientific Reviews and Chemical Communications) (2012)
PVPIT BUDHGAON 51
WASTE PLASTIC”
[10] Prof. Avadhut Kulkarni, Baibhav Kumar, Ronak Tripathi, Samarth MathurSumesh
Karanje (International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology)
(May 2019)
[11] Ankita Chakraborty, Sapna Mehta (Utilization and Minimization of Waste Plastic in
Construction of Pavements) (International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and
Research) (August 2017)
[12] Standard specifications and code of practice for construction of concrete roads IRC : 15-
2011.
[13] Highway engineering by s.k.khanna and c.e.g.justo.
[14] AASHTO guide for design of pavement structures 1993 american association of state
highway and transportation officials Washington d.c.
[15] Vasudevan .R,“utilization of waste plastics for flexible pavement”, Indian High Ways
(Indian Road Congress), Vol.34, No.7. (July 2006).
[16] S.S.Verma,(2008),Roads from plastic waste, The Indian Concrete Journal ,pp.43-47.
[17] Kajal, N K S Pundhir, Sangita and A Chandra(2007). “Use of waste plastics and copper
slag for low cost bituminous roads, Journal Of Scientific and Industrial
Research,Vol.66.pp.938-994
[18] IRC, “Tentative Specifications for Bituminous Surface dressing Using Pre-coated
Aggregates,” IRC: 48-1972, Indian Roads Congress
[19] ISI, “Indian Standards Specifications for Roads Tar”, IS: 215, Indian standard
Institution.
[20] Madhavi Vedula, PawanNath G and Prof. B. P. Chandrashekar , NRRDA, New Delhi
“Critical review of innovative rural road construction techniques and their impacts”.
[21] Sri Ram Institute for Industrial Research, “Plastics Processing and Environmental
Aspects”, New Delhi – 7.
PVPIT BUDHGAON 52
WASTE PLASTIC”
PVPIT BUDHGAON 53

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“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN WITH AND WITHOUT UTILIZATION OF WASTE

Plastic is everywhere in today’s lifestyle. It is considered as one of the important invention

Two major types of plastics- Thermoplastics and Thermoses.

1-Thermoplastics - Thermoplastics is a plastic polymer material that becomes moldable at a

• It is observed that the stripping of bitumen is reduced due to plastic blend.

• The pot hole formation is also reduced.

Sunil J. Kulkarni. (A Review on Studies and Research on Use of Plastic Waste)

(International Journal of Research and Review) (26/11/2015)

R. Vasudevan, S.K.Nigam, R. Velkennedy, A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar, B.

Shweta N. Rokdey, P. L. Naktode, M. R. Nikhar (Use of Plastic Waste in Road

1. Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen.

Amit Gawande, G. S. Zamre, V.C. Renge (Utilization of Waste Plastic in Asphalting of

Prof. Avadhut Kulkarni, Baibhav Kumar, Ronak Tripathi, Samarth MathurSumesh

Ankita Chakraborty, Sapna Mehta (Utilization and Minimization of Waste

3.1)Ductility test on Bitumen

To determine ductility value of asphaltic bitumen.

Fig. 3.1: Briquette mould

Procedure to determine ductility value of Bitumen:

3.2)Specific gravity of bitumen

To determine the specific gravity of given sample of bitumen.

1. Specific gravity bottle

knowledge of specific gravity is required in the conversion of weight to volume for

specific gravity increases.

Fig.3.2: Specific gravity

Procedure to specific gravity of Bitumen:

3.3)Penetration test on Bitumen

To determine consistency of bitumen or the grade of the bitumen by penetration

1. Flat bottom cylindrical dish

Penetration is a measure of consistency. It quantifies the hardness

or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard

Fig. 3.3: Penetrometer

Procedure to calculate Penetration value of Bitumen:

3.4)Softening point test on Bitumen

To determine the softening point of the given sample of bitumen.

1. Ring and Ball Apparatus

2. Water Bath with Stirrer

3. Steel balls (9.5mm diameter)

Fig. 3.4: Set up for Softening Point test

Procedure to calculate Softening Point of Bitumen:

FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR PROPOSED WORK:

*Material Testing Laboratory, PVPIT, Budhgaon.

*Transportation Engineering Laboratory, PVPIT, Budhgaon.

*Compute Facility, Central and Departmental Library

DETAILS OF WORK CARRIED OUT AND PROPOSED PLAN

Comparing properties of bitumen with and without utilizing waste plastic.

5.1) Test On Bitumen:

Softening Point Test Temp = 49.5*c

Specific Gravity Test 0.80

Penetration Test 54.75 mm

5.2) Types Of Plastic used:

Poly-Propylene 10% 15% 20%

Softening Point 70.5* 73.5* 86.5*

Specific Gravity 0.98 0.92 0.70

Ductility Test 1.2 cm 1 cm 0.9 cm

5.2.2) Plastic Bottle (PET):

PET 10% 15% 20%

58* 66* 75*

5.2.3) HDPE (High Density Polyethylene):

10% 15% 20%

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TEST RESULT:

6.1) SOFTENING POINT TEST:-

Softening Point Test

6.1.2) Material Temp. In *C