An Inorganic compound composed of HYDROGEN

and OXYGEN (H2O) which exists in liquid, gas, and

solid states.
At room temperature, water is a colorless, odorless,
tasteless liquid.
One of the most abundant compounds, water covers
about 75% of Earth’s surface.
It has myriad industrial uses, including as a suspending
agent, solvent, diluting agent, and source of hydrogen;
it is used in filtration, washing, steam generation, as
well as in beverages and foods.
 W A T E R
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Water covers about 75% of Earth’s surface and it is

one of the basic fundamentals in life to exist.
Water is one of the most plentiful and essential
compounds, occurring as a liquid on Earth’s surface
under normal conditions, which makes it invaluable
for human uses and as plant and animal habitat.
The energy harnessed from moving water can be
used to create electricity.
It also does not emit greenhouse gas emissions or air
pollutants. Depending on the water energy
technology, negative environmental land use
impacts can be an issue.
 R E N E R G Y
M O N W A T E :
O S T C O M O G R O U P S
TH E T W O M D I NT O T W
C L A S S I F I E
A N B E
TEC H N O L O G I E
L
S
P
C
O W E R
and TIDA
OPOWER
HYDR
 Electrical energy derived from falling (potential energy) or running water
(kinetic energy). The movement of the water turns the blades of a turbine,

Hydropower
which is connected to a generator. This converts the mechanical energy
into electricity.

Two primary hydropower technologies – dams and run of river hydro.

A famous example of a dam is Niagara Falls, the biggest electricity

producer in New York State, generating enough electricity to light 24
million 100–watt bulbs at once. Hydropower is the most commonly used
renewable form of energy, approximately 16% of global electricity
production.

Tidal Power Uses mechanical energy to create electricity using a variety of specific
technologies including tidal fences, barrages and turbines.
 TO SUM UP
Hydropower uses huge part of energy from big forms of Tidal Power converts the natural rise and fall of the tides
water. into electricity.
TYPES OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY PLANTS
IMPOUNDMENT FACILITY
A dam is used to control the flow of water stored in a pool
or reservoir. When more energy is needed, water is
released from the dam. Once water is released, water
flows downward through a turbine. The blades of the
turbine spin, they power a generator.

DIVERSION FACILITY
Does not use a dam. Instead,uses a series of canals to
channel flowing river water toward the generator-
powering turbines.
TYPES OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY PLANTS

PUMPED-STORAGE FACILITY
Collects the energy produced from solar, wind, and
nuclear power and stores it for future use. The plant
stores energy by pumping water uphill from a pool at a
lower elevation to a reservoir located at a higher elevation.
 WATER RESOURCES
97% of the water on the Earth is salt water and only
three percent is fresh water; slightly over two thirds
of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. Any of
the entire range of natural waters that occur on the
Earth, regardless of their state, they are of potential
use to humans.

The most known resources most available for use are the
waters of the oceans, rivers, and lakes. Overuse and
improper use of water quality resulted to be unfit for
human consumption but also disrupted aquatic ecosystems.
 e s en t b e ne a th E a rth's
water pr
ro c k an d s o il p o r e
surface in
nd in th e fr a c t u re s of
spaces a
rock formations.
abou t 3 0 % o f a ll re a d ily
available freshwater is
groundwater

Surface wat
er
h e d by
p leni s lo st
a lly re tu ra lly
na tu r n d n a a ns,
t ion a e o c e
p it a o th
preci s c h a rg et
p ira tion
u g h di o tr a ns
thro e v ap
ra tio n , h a r g e.
c
evapo ndwater re
g r o u o r fr esh
Groundwater an d
wate
w a te
r
r
in
we
a riv
tl a
e
n
r
d
, l
.
ake
 h e r s o u rc e s s uc h
includes ot
a d d itio n a l ty p e s of
as snow and
precipitation.
ita tio n th a t fa lls to th e E arth
precip
jo r p a rt o f th e w a te r c yc le
is a ma
le nis h es b o th s u rfa c e and
as it rep
de rg ro u nd w a te r so u rc es
un
rainwater
Hydropower facilities can be tricky because when one is built with a
dam, the natural flow of the river will be affected.
Before choosing locations for hydropower plant, make sure that the
plant can be as environmentally-friendly as possible.
Building any type of power plant is expensive -
hydroelectric power plants cost as much as $580 per
kilowatt to be built, and they usually range from 10MW
to 30MWs
This means that the upfront cost of building a
hydropower plant can be millions of dollars.
 It is challenging to find a
suitable spot that has a
large year-round water
supply, with the right
amount of water and is
close enough to existing
The ability to create electricity can be severely reduced if there is power lines.
a drought and not enough water is flowing into the plant.
It is also a delicate balancing act to keeping enough river water wild
(meaning without dams), versus damming up many rivers for power.
Renewable
Hydroelectric energy is classified as a renewable energy source because it
is powered by water, and water is a naturally replenishing resource.

Low Emissions
The action of generating electricity with hydropower energy does not emit
carbon dioxide.
it does not emit pollution into the atmosphere
Reliable
Hydroelectricity is a very reliable renewable energy source.
Water flow is usually very predictable and is taken into consideration when
determining where a hydropower plant is built.
Additionally, the output of electricity can be adjusted.

Safe
Generally, hydropower is a very safe form of power generation.
 The importance of water
Water is also heavily used in the energy production process. The vast majority of
water used in the energy sector is for cooling thermal power plants, as water is the
most effective medium for controlling waste heat. Hydroelectric energy, also
called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses
the power of water in motion to generate electricity. It is a renewable source of
energy that generates power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter the
natural flow of a river or other body of water. Hydropower plants capture the
energy of falling water to generate electricity.

hard water contains dissolved calcium,

magnesium and in many
cases, iron

Dry skin and hair, bathtub ring,

taste and odor

spots on glass, silverware and
fixtures, dull, dingy clothing
are all problems frequently
caused by hard water
Earthy or musty taste

cloudy water and odor

Your water can appear

cloudy, white or grey when
tiny air bubbles get trapped in
the water

They're not harmful and

should clear pretty quickly
Bacteria and viruses
illnesses are frequently caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa
that make their way into the water supply.
Even well operated, state-of-the-art treatment plants cannot
ensure that drinking water is entirely free of microbial pathogens.

Water Pollution
usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects
its uses

Water pollution can be attributed to one of four sources: sewage

discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban
runoff including stormwater
Aakanksha Gaur, A. A. (2021, November 16). Britannica. Retrieved from Water Resource:
https://www.britannica.com/
Almerini, A. (2022, February 22). Hydropower Pros and Cons. Retrieved from SolarReviews:
https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/hydroelectric-energy-pros-and-
cons#:~:text=The%20main%20advantages%20of%20hydroelectric,completely%20dam%20up%20a%20river.
(2020). Common Water Problems. Minnesota: Kinetico Water Dealer Pro Website.
How Hydropower Works. (2022). Retrieved from Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company:
http://www.wvic.com/content/how_hydropower_works.cfm
National. (2017). What is tidal energy and how does it work? Australia: Arenawire.
Safe Drinking Water Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from What is Chlorination?: https://www.safewater.org/fact-
sheets-1/2017/1/23/what-is-chlorination
School, W. S. (2018). Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana: U.S Department of the Interior.
Society, N. G. (2022, May 19). Hydroelectric Energy. Retrieved from National Geographic Education:
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hydroelectric-energy
Srinivas, H. (n.d.). Water as an Energy Source Wave, Tide, and Hydroelectric Energy. Retrieved from Return to the
Wave-Tide Energy: https://www.gdrc.org/uem/energy/water-energy.html
Student Energy. (n.d.). Retrieved from Water-Sources-Studies: https://studentenergy.org/source/water/
Why Water is an Important Resource? (2022). Retrieved from American Geosciences Institute:
https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/water/why-is-water-an-important-
resource