Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

Grammar Notes: A simple sentence is also called an independent clause. It

contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. e.g. They walked
slowly across the field.

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating

conjunction. (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) e.g. The night was dark and scary.

A complex sentence combines an independent clause with one or more dependent

clauses. It always has a subordinating conjunction (after, although, because, since,
when) or a relative pronoun. (that, which, who) e.g. Although the track was wet,
the boys still practised for the match.

Identify each type of sentence. (To be done in grammar copies)

i. Because she had forgotten her school bag, Maria had no lunch.
ii. The doctor, who had just arrived at the hospital, was blind.
iii. The weather was fantastic so they decided to eat in the garden.
iv. The bus was only forty minutes late for the passengers.
v. You can have tea or you can have coffee.
vi. The bus, which got stuck in traffic, was forty minutes late.
vii. We have to go to bed when the clock chimes ten o’clock.
viii. Jess liked Edmunds and he also liked Leslie.
ix. Before the queen rode in the parade, she gave a speech.
 Lahore Grammar School
(Landmark Project)
Valancia Town Branch

Types of Sentences

Grammar Notes: A sentence that makes a statement is called a declarative

sentence. e.g. I shall dress as I think suitable.

A sentence that asks a question is an interrogative sentence. e.g. How was your
trip to the Lahore Fort?

A sentence that shows an emotion or feeling is an exclamatory sentence. e.g.

What a strange man!

A sentence that gives an order, advice, suggestion or warning is an imperative

sentence. It basically starts from the principal verb. e.g. Wear your shoes.

State the kinds of the following sentences. (do in grammar copies)

i. Take a whistle with you.

ii. I moved the bicycle out of the way.
iii. Have you ever been to Japan?
iv. It’s up to Jane to make the decision.
v. Never trust a stranger.
vi. Oh no, I lost my keys!

Pg 133 ex116 (workbook) for further practice.

 Lahore Grammar School
(Landmark Project)
Valancia Town Branch

Changing Positive sentences into Negative

Grammar notes: Affirmative or Declarative sentences in the simple present are

changed into negatives by putting do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t) before the
verb. e.g. I like driving a car. I don’t like driving a car.

In a sentence with a helping verb, use not after the helping verb. e.g. He has gone
out. He has not gone out.

The most popular helping verbs are: is, am, are, was, were, has, have, do, does,
had, will, may, can, shall, must, ought to

Affirmative or declarative sentences in the simple past are changed into negatives
by putting did not (didn’t) before the verb. Remember to use first form of the
verb with did not. e.g. I enjoyed the party. I did not enjoy the party.

Change the following positive sentences into negative.

Instructions: Recognize the tense and then change into negative accordingly.

He had driven the car a long way. ______________________________________

I enjoy cycling. _____________________________________

I got slower and slower. _____________________________________

She likes reading newspaper. _____________________________________

Jack will mend my computer. ______________________________________

They realize their mistake. ______________________________________

Pg 135 ex 118 (workbook) for further practice.