BRITISH STANDARD Specification for General-purpose flexible PVC compounds for moulding and extrusion Licensed Reproduction from SAI Global Ltd [NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW a BS 2571:1990BS 2571:1990 ‘This British Standard, having ‘boon prepared under the ‘ireetion of the Plastics Standards Policy Committe, ‘was published under the Sruthorty of the Board of BST tnd comes into effet on 0 Apel 1990 ‘© BSI 021900 First published March 1955, Second edition October 1965 ‘Third edition Apel 1990 (Commitise reference PLM Draft for comment 87/4285 DC ISBN 0 580 180875 Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics ‘Standards Policy Committee (PLM/,) to Technical Committee PLM/42, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plasties Federation British Rubber Manufacturers Association Packaging and Industrial Films Association SATRA Footwear Technology Centre Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue ‘Comments| BS 2571:1990 — Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword it 1 Scope 1 2 Composition 1 38 Classification 1 4 Colour fastness 1 5 Colour bleeding 1 6 Appearance 1 | 7 Physical property requirements 1 8 Marking 1 Appendix A Preparation of milled and moulded sheets and text specimen conditioning 3 Appendix B Relationship between weathering and the different eades of colour fastness 4 ‘Table 1 — Physical properties of injection moulding compounds 2 ‘Table 2 — Physical properties of extrusion compounds 2 ‘Table 5 — Relationship between softness number and the surface temperatures of mill rolls and moulds 3 Publications referred to Inside back cover (© BST 03-1099BS 2571:1990 Foreword Thi Standards Policy Committee. It is a revision of BS and withdrawn, Classes 1 and 2 materials for which electrical properties were specified have been deleted from this revision and have now been included in BS 6746. Since there is znow only one elass of materials these are no longer referred to as “Class 3 ‘materials’. The classification in the standard therefore now only contains 12 types, i.e. M1 to M6, with increasing softness for moulding and a similar but not identical range, E1 to B6, for extrusion applications. In this revision, M1 and E1 types correspond to type G1 — Class 8 compounds of the previous edition of the standard, Similarly, M2, E2 correspond to G2 and s0 on. New types of E6 and M6 have been added. In addition, grading according to colour fastness has been introduced together with an additional Appendix B to explain the relationship between weathering and the different grades of colour fastness. ‘The tost methods have been updated and aligned where possible with ISO test methods. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. iritish Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics 771:1968 which is superseded Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. ‘Summary of pages ‘This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. ‘This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. © BS105.19991 Scope ‘This British Standard specifies the composition and property requirements for 12 types of general-purpose flexible PVC compounds Mi to Mé used for injection moulding, and E1 to Bé used for moulding and extrusion applications NOTE 1 Chlorinated PVC compounds are not inched in thie standard. NOTE 2 The tides of the publications refered in this ‘Standard are listed on the inside back over 2 Composition Compounds shall be manufactured from homopolymers of vinyl chloride and shall be compounded with plasticizers and other ingredients. 3 Classification Compounds shall be classified into 12 types, M1 to ‘M6 and El to ES, for moulding and extrusion applications respectively (see Table 1 and Table 2). Additionally each type shall be subdivided into ‘three grades A, B or C to indicate colour fastness to daylight (soe 4.1), to artificial light (see 4.2), or no colour fastness (soe 4.8) respectively. 4 Colour fastness 4.1 Colour fastness to daylight: grade A Compounds graded as A shall have a colour fastness to daylight of not less than blue-dyed wool standard ‘No. 4, when sheet prepared as described in ‘Appendix A is tested in accordance with BS 2782-5:Method 540A. [NOTE Rxperienor has shown that this requirements sficent to cnaure no serious colour change aftr 18 months of typical ‘utdor exposure inthe UK. Plstcized PVC compound with better calor fastness to daplight ean be obtained by careful Selection of the pigments ad other ingredients, Those ‘opecial” pounds and their properties shouldbe the subject of direct jveussion withthe suplir. 4.2 Colour fastness to artificial light: grade B ‘Compounds graded as B shall have a colour fastness to artificial light of not less than blue-dyed wool standard No. 4, when sheet prepared as deseribed in Appendix A is tested in accordance with BS 2782.5:Method 540B, provided that: 8) axenon are lamp filtered so as to simulate solar radiation is used; ) lamps and filter are changed at the intervals, recommended by the manufacturers, *) Marking BS 2571:1990 on or in relation toa product represents @ ©) specimen holders rotate on their axes as well as rotating about the lamp; 4) a black panel temperature of 55 +3 °C is used; ©) the relative humidity is 50 + 5 9%; £) specimens are not sprayed directly with Gistilled water or deionized water used to maintain 50 +5 % rh, 4.3 No colour fastness: grade C Compounds graded as C shall be all materials not able to comply with the colour fastness requirements of either 4.1 or 4.2. 5 Colour bleeding ‘There shall be no colour bleeding when sheet prepared as described in Appendix A is tested in accordance with BS 2782-5:Method 542A. 6 Appearance ‘The compounds shall be free from foreign matter and uniform in colour. The colour of the sheet moulded as described in Appendix A shall be accepted as the colour of the compound. 7 Physical property requirements ‘The physical properties shall comply with Table 1 and Table 2 when specimens from sheet prepared as described in Appendix A are tested using the methods listed therein. 8 Marking ‘The label or delivery document shall contain at least the following information: a) the manufacturer's name or trade mark; ») the classification of the material (see clause 8), e.g. EAA; c) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e, BS 2571:19900 wufcturer's declaration of conformity, i, a claim for oF on behalf of the manufacturer that the product moets the roquizemonts of the standard. The accuray af the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration isnot tobe confused with third party ecrtifieation of ‘conformity which may also be desirable, © BSL 02-1990BS 2571:1990 ‘Table 1 — Physical properties of injection moulding compounds Propeny | Uale —[Methodtrom Type of compound — ML M2 Ma Me MS M6 Softness Softness 565A J<30 [1505 |S0tG0 [dot 70 Sto 8S [>BO number Tensile ‘MPa min. /320A* 15 4 12.5 10.5 8 7 strength Elongation | % mit 320A" 150 200 250 275 300 |325 lat break Gold bend Cmax. 151A 10 |- 15 |- 25 | 30 40 —45 {temperature Colditex [Cmax [1508 «IB —~(FB Sd BSC* TO «8 ‘temperature Plasticver [max [AGB [1S [1S (BO —~+iRB*iO—~a ‘oss on. | heating | Tet cari ut with reo rip epartion of 600 min Tab Property | Uae [ee ‘Sofiness |Softmens ime [avec toss (+80 number ‘Tensile |MPa min. /390A" (19 7 a a 3 [strength fe Elongation |Semin. /320A" 160 [200 (250 (800 825 ~~ 380 lat break | | | ‘Coldbend "Cmax. | 151A 7-10 15 25 30 =) 5 temperature [ Coldfiex [Cmax 160 IB «RBS BSCS S*i temperature | [Plasticizer max. jie ile (20 a8 ao —*fao ‘loss on heating - (Test carried out with arate of grip separation of 600 mm/min. _ 2 fo nst 021999BS 2571:1990 Appendix A Preparation of milled and moulded sheets and test specimen conditioning A.1 Principle Initially milled sheets are prepared which are subsequently bonded under preseure to provide ‘moulded sheets from which test epecimens aro die-cut. A2 Apparatus, A.2.1 Two-roll mizing mill, with cylindrical rolls and capable of operating at temperatures up to and including 180 °C (‘A.2.2 Hydraulic moulding press, capable of developing a moulding pressure of at least 10 MPa. Press platens shall be equipped with means of heating and cooling such that the platen surfaces can be heated to a temperature of 180° with the maximum deviation of temperature at any point within the moulding ares sot exseeding = 3°C from the temperature at the centre of the platen. A.2.3 Moulds, male, female and “window-frame” ‘equipped with several parting fells, e.g. highly polished photographic steel plates. A.2.4 Cutting die, with sharp edges free from defects such as notches and burrs. A.3 Procedure A.3.1 Preparation of milled sheet materials Prepare sheets of material using the two-roll mill as follows. Sot the speed ofthe slower mill roll at 10 + 2 m/min. Set the surface temperatures of the rolls in the range shown in Table 3 according to the softness number of the materials determined using BS 2782-3:Method 365A, such that after 1 to 2 min of milling, the material will band on the rolls. NOTE. itis normal for thre tobe a difirential sped berncen the to mil ole The preferred ratio e112, the working rll beg the lower Table 3 — Relationship between softness number of the materials and the surface temperatures of mill rolls and moulds ofiness no. of the ‘Surface temperature ‘materials ‘ill rolls ‘Mould Tc E <15 160t0175 170 to 180 15 to 20 145 to170 145 to 175 > 30 130 to 160 195 to 165 Set the nip setting so as to produce the desired thickness of the milled sheet. 'The sum of the thickness of all the sheets to be used for moulding. shall be slightly greater than the thickness of the moulded sheet, or test specimen, required. ‘Add the material to the mill rolls, Ensure that the ‘material forms a rolling bank to obtain effective mixing, Any material falling through the nip shall be carefully and quickly collected from the tray and returned to the moving mill rolls. Once a sheet is, formed, continue milling for approximately 5 min in such a way that optimum dispersion of all material components is obtained. This normally includes cutting the sheet, allowing it to form a roll or flap and refeeding this to the rolling bank in the nip. Remove the milled sheet from the rolls without stretching. NOTE. Significant deviations trom thoso milling proceduresean _ffct the physical property levels obtained. A.3.2 Preparation of moulded sheet materials Determine the required mass of material required ‘tofill the mould either by calculation from the sheet material density or by making a trial moulding. Place the required number of milled sheets, preferably cross layered, in the mould preheated to ‘a temperature appropriate to the softness number of the materials (Table 8). Close the preheated platens of the press and maintain a pressure of approximately 0.3 MPa for 5 min to faciliate preheating of the material. Then increase the mould ‘pressure to betwoon 2 MPa and 10 MPa and maintain this pressure for 2 min to 6 min, During this time there shall be sufficient flow of material ‘between the mould and the metal surfaces to result in the formation of a small amount of moulding flash. Cool the mould to approximately 40 °C or, in the case of very soft materials, to a lower temperature, while maintaining constant the applied pressure. Open the mould and remove the sheet. A.3.3 Preparation of test specimens Propare the required test specimens from the moulded sheet not less than 48 h after manufacture by machining or stamping, using a sharp die (A.24) of the required shape. Where specimens are ‘required for measuring softness the minimum time after manufacturing shall be 7 days, A.3.4 Conditioning and testing -onditions Carry out conditioning and all testing at 232°C and 50 +5 % rch, unless the relevant test method specifies otherwise. Condition for 48 h prior to ‘testing except for the determination of softness number, where the conditioning period shall be 7 days. © BSI 05-1999BS 2571:1990 Appendix B Relationship between weathering and the different grades of colour fastness It is emphasized that colour fastness is not the same as weathering, where the effects of direct sunlight and rain are present Colour fastness tested in accordance with BS 2782-5:Method 540A uses specimens exposed in an outdoor rack, facing south in the northern hemisphere, inelinod at 45°, under 3 mm thick glass. The glass filters out some of the sunlight, especially atthe lower wavelengths of the spectrum, i.e the ultraviolet components. Ultraviolet light is damaging to polymers such as, PVC and can cause changes in colour, depending upon the pigmentation systems usod. The small amount of ultraviolet light in suntight can vary quite markedly with geographic location, with height above sea level, eloud cover, the degree of pollution and the season of the year. For these ‘reasons, determinations of colour fastness to natural light, even when blue-dyed wool standards are used, ean produce variable results. Controlled determination of colour fastness to artificial ligt, Lc. when tested in accordance with [BS 2782-5:Method 5408, can be less variable but the various laboratory light sourees available produce different results from each other. The xenon are illuminant has been recommended in this, standard because, in its commonly used forms, its spectral output is similar to davlight and ithas been widely used for more than 30 years. Results are ‘usually obtained in a third or a quarter of the time taken to determine colour fastness to natural light. Results of colour fastness tosted with artificial and natural light should not be expected to be exactly the same. The ultraviolet levels in laboratory light sources can be higher than in natural light thereby providing a more stringent test, bearing in mind the greater inherent variability of natural light. © nst 02.2999BS 2571:1990 Publications referred to BS 2782, Methods of testing plastics, BS 2782-1, Thermal properties. BS 2782:Method 150B, Determination of cold flex temperature of flexible polyvinyl compound. [BS 2762:Method 181A, Determination o old bend temperature of lxible polyvinyl chloride extrusion compou BS 2782-3, Mechanical properties. BS 2782:Method 320A to Method S20, Tensile strength, elongation and elastic modulus. BS 2782:Method 385A, Determination of softness number of flexible plastics materials. BS 2782-4, Chemical properties SS 2782:Method 465A and Method 465B, Determination of loss of plasticizers (activated carbon method). BS 2782-5, Optical and colour praperties, weathering. BS 2782:Method 540A, Determination of resistance to change upon exposure under glass to daylight. BS.2782:Method 540B, Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources (zenon arc lamp, enclosed carbon are lamp, open-flame carton arc lamp, fisorescent tube lamps). BS 2782:Method 542A, Quatitotive eoaluation of bleeding of colorants. BS 6746, Specification for PVC iumallation and sheath of electric cables”) / Supnceded 87 BS EN1SO IIb /ne es ( se) “ison frees 1s me Same (450 Sn) Anh oMers 462-100 Reforod tin the foreword ony. © ns 03.1999BSI — British Standards Institution BBST isthe independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It [presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the intemational level. tis incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. 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