ASME PTB-11-2017-Guide For ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders

AS M E P TB - 1 1 - 2 0 1 7
G u i d e fo r AS M E B P VC
S e c ti o n I S ta m p H o l d e rs
PTB-1 1 -201 7
GUIDE FOR
ASME BPVC SECTION I
STAMP HOLDERS
USE OF ASME SECTION I TO MEET THE EC PRESSURE
EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (201 4/68/EU)
Prepared by:
Elmar Upitis
Ambitech Engineering Corporation
Date of Issuance: June 9, 201 7
by ASME Standards Technology, LLC (“ASME ST - LLC”) and sponsored by

This report was prepared
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (“ASME”) Pressure Technology Codes & S tandards.
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The American S ociety of Mechanical Engineers
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IS B N No. 978 -0-791 8 -71 5 4-6
Copyright © 201 7 by
THE AMERICAN S OCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
ii
PTB -1 1 -201 7: Guide for AS ME B PVC S ection I S tamp Holders
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. 1 Main Concepts of New Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. 2 Terms Used in European Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 PED OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 .1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 .2 Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 .3 Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 .4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 . 2 General Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 . 2. 1 S cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 . 2. 2 Hazard Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 . 2. 3 Conformity Assessment (CA) Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 . 2. 4 Notified B ody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 . 2. 5 Conformité Européene (CE) Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 . 2. 6 Essential S afety Requirements (ES R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 . 2. 7 Material S pecifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 . 2. 8 Use of Non-Harmonized S tandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 . 3 S tructure of the PED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 S COPE (ARTICLES 1 , 2, AND 4 OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. 1 S cope (Article 1 -§ 1 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. 2 Types of Equipment Covered (Article 2 and Article 4 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. 3 PED Exclusions (Article 1 -§ 2 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 CLAS S IFICATION OF PRES S URE EQUIPMENT (ARTICLE 4, ARTICLE 1 3 , ANNEX 1 , AND
ANNEX II OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
5 . 1 Level of Hazards in Pressure Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
5 . 2 S ound Engineering Practice (S EP) (Article 4-§ 3 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
5 . 3 Equipment in Categories I to IV (Article 4-§ 1 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
5 . 4 Vessels Not S ubj ect to Fire or Heat (Article 4-§ 1 (a) of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
5 . 5 Vessels S ubj ect to Fire or Heat (Article 4-§ 1 (b) of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
5 . 6 Piping (Article 4-§ 1 (c)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
5 . 7 S afety Accessories (Article 4-§ 1 (d), Annex ll-§ 2 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
5 . 8 Pressure Accessories (Article 4-§ 1 (d), Annex ll-§ 3 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
5 . 9 S ummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
6 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT (CA) PROCEDURES (ARTICLE 1 4, ANNEX III OF THE PED)1 4
6. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
6. 2 General Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
6. 3 Structure of the Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
6. 4 Review of CA Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 4. 1 CA Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 4. 2 Module A: Internal Production Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
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6. 4. 3 Module A2: Internal Production Control plus S upervised Pressure Equipment Checks at
Random Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 4. 4 Module B : EU Type Examination – Production Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9

6. 4. 5 Module B : EU Type Examination – Design Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. 4. 6 Module C2: Conformity to Type B ased on Internal Production Control plus S upervised
Pressure Equipment Checks at Random Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. 4. 7 Module D: Conformity to Type B ased on QA of the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6. 4. 8 Module D1 : Quality Assurance of the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6. 4. 9 Module E: Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment Quality Assurance . . . 22
6. 4. 1 0 Module E1 : Quality Assurance of Final Pressure Equipment Inspection and Testing23
6. 4. 1 1 Module F: Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6. 4. 1 2 Module G: Conformity B ased on Unit Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. 4. 1 3 Module H: Conformity B ased on Full QA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. 4. 1 4 Module H1 : Conformity B ased on Full QA Plus Design Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6. 5 S ummary of Activities of Manufacturers and NB s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7 ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS (ES R) (ARTICLES 4 AND 6, ANNEX I OF THE PED)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 2 General Discussion of ES R (Annex I of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 2. 1 Preliminary Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 3 Hazard Analysis (Annex I of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
7. 3 . 1 Identify the Hazard Due to Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
7. 3 . 2 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
7. 3 . 3 Reduction of Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
7. 3 . 4 Informing Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
7. 3 . 5 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
8 MATERIALS (ARTICLE 1 5 , ANNEX I, S ection 4 OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
8 . 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
8 . 2 Materials that Comply with Harmonized Materials S tandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
8 . 3 European Approval of Pressure Equipment Materials (Article 1 5 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
8.3. 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
8.3. 2 General Requirements for Obtaining EAMs of Pressure Equipment Materials . . . . . . . . . 3 4
8 . 4 PMA (Annex I-§ 4. 2c of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
8 . 5 Material Certificates (Annex I-§ 4. 3 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
8 . 6 Material Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
9 NOTIFIED B ODIES (article 24 OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
10 CE MARKING (ARTICLE 1 8 , ARTICLE 1 9, OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
11 S PECIFIC IS S UES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
1 1 . 1 Assemblies (Article 6, Article 1 2 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
1 1 . 2 User Inspectorates (Article 25 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
1 1 . 3 S pecific Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
1 1 .4 Manufacturer’s Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
1 1 . 5 Operating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
12 COMPARIS ON OF AS ME AND PED REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13 ADDITIONAL CONS IDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF AS ME B PVC S ECTION I, POWER
B OILERS WITHIN THE S COPE OF PED 201 4/68 /EU, ANNEX I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1
14 GUIDELINES related TO PED 201 4/68 /EU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
iv
1 4. 1 Purpose of the Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 4. 2 S tatus of the Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 4. 3 Classification of the Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
1 4. 4 Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
APPENDIX A: Glossary of Terms Used in The Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 06
APPENDIX B : Contents of the PED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08
APPENDIX C: Flowchart for Pressure Equipment Directive (201 4/68 /EU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0
APPENDIX D: PED Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1
APPENDIX E: Graphs for Hazard Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
APPENDIX F: Manufacturers and Notified B odies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 21
APPENDIX G: Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25
APPENDIX H: Responsibilities of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 26
APPENDIX I: S imultaneous Application of European Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 0
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 5 -1 : Category for Vessel Containing a Dangerous Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Figure 6-1 : Relation of Conformity Assessment Procedures to Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Figure 6-2: Conformity Assessment Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
Figure 6-3 : Conformity Assessment Procedures in the PED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
Figure 6-4: Conformity Assessment Procedure to B e Applied In Each Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
Figure 7-1 : Allowable General Membrane S tress Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 7-2: Joint Efficiency Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 7-3 : Welding Procedure Qualifications and Welder Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 1 2-1 : Comparison of AS ME S ection I Requirements with PED 201 4/68 /EU, Annex I . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 1 2-2: Q1 S afety Factors for Allowable S tresses Given in Annex I, § 7. 1 . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 1 2-3 : Q2 Joint Efficiencies Given in Annex I, § 7. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 1 2-4: Q3 Formula for Calculating Hydrostatic Test Pressure Given in Annex I, § 7. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
v
FOREWORD
This Guide is a comprehensive review of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and AS ME B oiler and
Pressure Vessel Code (B PVC), S ection I. AS ME has received requests from all over the world to provide
guidance to manufacturers who have been or will be impacted by the European PED. This document
provides that guidance. Manufacturers of AS ME B PVC, S ection I Power B oilers will find this document
to be a useful tool when working with a notified body toward compliance with the PED and applying the
Conformité Européene (CE) mark to their products.
This document begins with an explanation of the European New Approach and continues with the goals of
the PED and a description of its scope of coverage. Then, the document offers an in-depth analysis of the
PED concept of hazard categories and the various combinations of Conformity Assessment (CA) modules
that can be used for each hazard category. Each of the PED Essential S afety Requirements (ES R) are then
covered, including materials, use of Notified B odies, and requirements for CE marking.
The reader is presented next with a detailed comparison of the PED with AS ME S ection I, followed by a
modified version of Annex Z for AS ME S ection I. This Annex Z provides instructions regarding what
additional tasks must be completed to meet the administrative requirements of the PED.
The author and AS ME S T-LLC acknowledges, with deep appreciation, the contributions of
S tuart Cameron, Alan Nywening, Anne Chaudouet of CETIM, France, the comments provided by
Peter Hanmore, Consultant in the United Kingdom, Matteo Convento, the PED Notified B ody in the UK,
the AS ME Pressure Technology B ook (PTB ) peer review group, and Luis Pulgarin of the AS ME S T-LLC
staff in preparing this PED Guide.
Established in 1 8 8 0, AS ME is a professional not-for-profit organization with more than 1 3 5 , 000 members
and volunteers promoting the art, science, and practice of mechanical and multidisciplinary engineering
and allied sciences. AS ME develops codes and standards that enhance public safety, and provides lifelong
learning and technical exchange opportunities benefiting the engineering and technology community. Visit
www. asme. org for more information.
1
1 INTRODUCTION
When the European Commission (EC) PED 97/23 /CE was adopted in May 1 997, it became clear that
pressure equipment designed and built to standards other than European standards could carry the “ CE”
marking. This was made possible by the European approach, in which Essential S afety Requirements
(ES R) are established in the Directives, and standards are used to support them. The PED 97/23 /CE has
now been aligned with the new legislative framework and replaced by Directive 201 4/68 /EU, issued 1 5
May 201 4. The new PED shall be applied no later than July 1 9, 201 6, except that Article 1 3 shall be applied
from June 1 , 201 5 .
The purpose of this AS ME PED Guide is to provide analysis of the PED and compare its ES R with the
design, construction, and administrative requirements of AS ME B PVC S ection I. The first portion of the
PED Guide consists of Chapters I through XI, which gives an overview of the PED, provides important
basic information on the entire Directive, and identifies specific issues of higher importance. T he next
maj or portion is Chapters XII and XIII, which provide a comparison of the PED and AS ME B PVC S ection
I requirements, including commentary on both the PED ES Rs (Annex I) and AS ME B PVC S ection I.
Chapter XIII provides AS ME B PVC S ection I Code users with additional considerations on how to augment
their current practices to meet all ES Rs of the PED.
It is the intent that this Guide will form the basis for an understanding between manufacturers and Notified
B odies (NB ) regarding the use of AS ME B PVC S ection I as the basis for compliance with the PED. Having
such a uniform approach will benefit not only manufacturers and NB s, but also users of pressure equipment.
S everal PED Information Resource Center websites provide the latest information on the status of European
approval of materials, names, contact information for all NB s, and other valuable news and developments.
These are:
 http: //ec. europa. eu/enterprise/sectors/pressure-and-gas /documents/ped/index_en. htm
 http: //ec. europa. eu/growth/single-market/european-standards/harmonised-standards/pressure-
equipment/index_en. htm
 http: //ec. europa. eu/enterprise/newapproach/nando/index. cfm? fuseaction=directive. notifiedbody&
dir_id=1 9
2
2 THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

2.1 Main Concepts of New Directives
(a) B efore 1 98 5 , there were very few European Directives. They had to contain all technical requirements
and had to be applied unanimously.
(b) In 1 98 5 , a New Approach to Technical Harmonization and Standards was established. The main
obj ectives were to:
(1) Remove technical barriers to trade to permit free movement of goods throughout the
European Union (EU).
(2) Implement common regulations and common standards throughout the EU.
(c) The fundamental principles of the New Directives are as follows.
(1) Directives are fully mandatory throughout the EU and supersede national regulations.
(2) Directives contain only ES R B PVC, which are defined in terms of general safety obj ectives to
enforce a common high level of protection in the EU regarding the hazards inherent to the product.
Only harmonized standards provide the presumption of conformity. There are numerous European
standards that do not.
(3) EN-S tandards will be explicit and quantify ES R to achieve these safety obj ectives. Use of these
EN-S tandards is not mandatory, but products complying with these standards are presumed to
comply with the ES R of the Directive.
(4) Each Directive sets out CA Procedures to ensure that the product complies with all the requirements
of the Directive. These procedures are selected from the European Council Decision No.
768 /2008 /EC of July 9, 2008 and are adapted to the products covered by each Directive.
(5) Each product covered by a Directive must be in full conformity with its specifications and must be
CE marked, which will ensure free movement throughout the EU.
(6) A product may be subj ect to several Directives. The placing on the market and putting into service
can only take place when the product complies with the provisions of all applicable directives.
Additional comments on S imultaneous Application of European Directives are provided in
Appendix I of this Guide.
2.2 Terms Used in European Directives

Appendix A in this Guide gives a definition of the main terms used in the Directives, and especially in the
PED. These terms are identified in this Guide by an initial capital letter (Notified B ody, Marking, etc. ).
3
3 PED OVERVIEW
3.1 Introduction
3.1 .1 General
Pressure components present inherent hazards due to the potential energy of their content, especially for
gas. As a consequence, most industrial countries have regulated these products for many decades.
This is the case with the European countries that have developed national regulations, which often vary
significantly. S ome are very detailed (as in France), others contain only very general requirements (as in
the UK), and some others have developed very detailed CA Procedures for Pressure Equipment (as in
Germany). This profusion of different regulations leads to technical barriers to trade. In 1 98 9 the EU
decided to establish a PED to eliminate these problems.
3.1 .2 Intent
The PED has three intents:
(a) Adopt a common regulation for Pressure Equipment throughout EU.
(b) Eliminate the technical barriers to trade for this industrial sector and permit free movement of
products throughout the EU.
(c) Ensure a high level of safety for Pressure Equipment throughout the EU.
The third intent is the most important in that the PED has been built on this concept of safety level with the
implementation of four Hazard Categories. Therefore, the PED is more a hazard-oriented than a product-
oriented Directive. As a consequence, the PED covers only the pressure hazard. Other Directives may
be applicable to cover other hazards.
Manufacturers must not forget that when they affix the CE Marking they implicitly declare that their
equipment fully complies with all the Directives that apply to it.
3.1 .3 Manufacturers
The liberal principles of the New Approach applied to the PED will lead to more freedom than before. The
Manufacturers will be free to select:
(a) Their Notified B ody: anywhere in the EU.
(b) The CA Procedure: adapted to their fabrication.
(c) How they will comply with the ES R: use of the European Harmonized S tandard or a National Code.
3.1 .4 Requirements
PED, like any European Directive, includes three types of requirements, which are:
(a) Legislative, as contained in Articles 1 to 5 2 of the PED.
(b) Devoted to CA Procedures (detailed in Annex III of the PED), which concern the responsibilities
of Manufacturers and Notified B odies.
(c) Devoted to the equipment itself and are called ES R (detailed in Annex I of the PED).
3.2 General Concepts

The PED was adopted on May 29, 1 997 and published in the Official Journal of the European Union
(OJEU) on July 9, 1 997 under the reference 97/23 /CE. This Directive came into force in November 1 999
and became fully mandatory in May 2002. The PED 97/23 /CE has now been substantially amended and
replaced by Directive 201 4/68 /EU, issued 1 5 May 201 4.
4
The two main purposes of the PED are as follows :
(a) S et up in all countries of the EU a common regulation for all Pressure Equipment to ensure a high
level of safety throughout the EU.
(b) Allow the free movement of Equipment in the EU to remove the technical barriers to trade.
The purpose of this AS ME Guide is to make the users familiar with the key elements of the PED .
3.2.1 Scope
The PED applies to all Equipment (pressure vessels, piping, and boilers) subj ect to a pressure greater than
0. 5 bar.
(a) The application of the PED is fully mandatory in all countries of EU and has superseded the National
Regulations.
(b) Any Pressure Equipment within the scope of the PED has to comply with it and b ear the CE
Marking.
(c) The PED applies only to new Equipment going into service in the EU for the first time. Equipment
already in service is not subj ect to the PED, but will continue to meet the National Regulations.
Despite several exclusions, such as the nuclear field, this scope is very wide as it covers small products (such
as pressure-cookers) as well as large industrial Equipment (such as chemical reactors or liquefied gas
vessels). The PED applies only to new Equipment.
3.2.2 Hazard Categories

Equipment that is above the thresholds specified by the PED is classified in four categories (I, II, III, and
IV) according to their hazards, based on the:
(a) Nature of the fluid contained (more or less hazardous). The fluid is gas or liquid. They are classified
as more dangerous or less dangerous.
(b) Internal pressure (higher or lower).
(c) Internal volume (larger or smaller) .
Equipment below these thresholds is not subj ect to the requirements in paragraphs 3 . 2. 3 through 3 . 2. 6,
below.
3.2.3 Conformity Assessment (CA) Procedures

Each pressure equipment must be subj ect to a CA Procedure to verify that it complies with the specifications
of the Directive. For each Hazard Category, one or several procedures are proposed to the Manufacturer.
These procedures are more stringent for the higher categories. A reduction of stringency is provided for the
Manufacturers who operate a Quality Assurance (QA) system. The QA route does not reduce the
stringency. It is j ust an alternative.
3.2.4 Notified Body

The CA is performed by an independent inspection organization, notified by each of the Member S tates to
the EC, who publishes the list in the OJEU. The Manufacturer may select any of the NB from this list for
the CA of the Equipment. The inspecting criteria of each Notified B ody will differ and although that these
guidelines are not mandatory, they serve as the recommended best practice.
3.2.5 Conformité Européene (CE) Marking

The CE Marking must be affixed on each piece of pressure equipment, which complies with the
specifications of the PED, ensuring the equipment the benefit of free movement in the EU.
5
3.2.6 Essential Safety Requirements (ESR)

Each piece of equipment classified in one of the four Hazard Categories must fulfill all the ES R specified in
Annex I of the PED that apply to it. These technical requirements cover the design, material, fabrication,
testing, and inspection aspects for the equipment.
3.2.7 Material Specifications

In May 2002, AS ME was committed to working with manufacturers submitting proposals for European
Approval of Materials (EAM) to the EC to gain approval of AS ME material specifications for repeated use
under the PED. Other notified bodies also submitted proposed EAMs covering AS ME materials. However,
the EC determined that Article 1 1 , paragraph 5 of the PED 97/23 /EC (the previous edition of the PED)
prohibits the issuance of EAMs for grades of materials for which there exist an equivalent European
harmonized standard. All of the submittals for EAMs for AS ME materials were subsequently rej ected.
This means that the only method for using AS ME materials under the PED is the Particular Material
Appraisal (PMA) route. AS ME has spent the last two years working with notified bodies to bring some
uniformity to the PMA process, which is not clearly defined in the PED. The result has reduced the amount
of redundancy of the process because it has been clarified that PMAs can be used repeatedly (by the same
manufacturer using the same NB ) for similar applications.
3.2.8 Use of Non-Harmonized Standards

When using a non-harmonized standard, many of the criteria for demonstrating compliance with the ES R
of the PED revolve around the concept of equivalent overall level of safety (EOLS ). The EOLS is
applicable to using values other than those specified in Annex I. For that reason, it is valuable to select an
NB that is familiar with the requirements and design/fabrication philosophies of the AS ME B PVC. There
are several AS ME accredited Authorized Inspection Agencies that have established affiliations with
European inspection bodies that are notified under the PED. These organizations bring knowledge of the
AS ME B PVC and the PED and can advise manufacturers as to what needs to be done in addition to AS ME
requirements to meet the PED. S ection 1 2, Figure 1 2-1 , and S ection 1 3 , Annex Z, of this document provides
manufacturers additional information on compliance with the PED.
3.3 Structure of the PED

The PED has 5 2 Articles, which are listed in Appendix B of this Guide.
The following articles form the cornerstone of the PED.
Article 1 : S cope.
Article 2: Definitions of the terms used in the PED.
Article 4: Technical Requirements. It defines the thresholds (pressure and volume) for the Pressure
Equipment (vessels, piping, safety accessories, and assemblies) above which the Pressure
Equipment will have to be classified in Hazard Categories in Annex II and will be subj ect
to ES R, listed in Annex I of the PED.
Article 6: defines the obligations of the manufacturers. The manufacturers shall assure that they have
designed and manufactured the pressure equipment or assemblies in accordance with the
ES R in Annex I.
Article 1 2: The pressure equipment or assemblies which are in conformity with the harmonized
standards and materials used for the manufacture of pressure equipment which are in
conformity with EAM shall be presumed to be in conformity with the ES R in Annex 1 .
Article 1 3 : Pressure equipment referred to in Article 4(1 ) shall be class ified by category in accordance
with Annex II, according to level of hazard. Article 1 3 groups fluids into two groups.
6
Group 1 includes substances and mixtures listed for that group. Group 2 includes those
substances and mixtures not specifically assigned to Group 1 .
Article 1 4: defines the four Hazard Categories (I, II, III, and IV) that are obtained from graphs given
in Annex II of the PED and lists the various CA Procedures to be applied to the four
Hazards Categories detailed in Annex III of the PED. Article 1 5 lists the procedures for
obtaining EAM.
Article 1 5 : lists the procedures for EAM.
Article 1 9: lists the rules and conditions for affixing the CE marking.
Article 24: defines requirements relating to the NB s and Recognized Third-Party Organizations
(RTPO).
The remaining Articles are devoted to Member S tates (Article 2) , Free Movement (Article 5 ), Importers
and Distributors (Articles 8 , 9, and 1 0), User Inspectorates (Article 1 6), Notification of Conformity and
NB s Articles 20 –3 8 ), Market S urveillance, Control of Pressure Equipment and Assemblies Entering the
EU, and S afeguard Procedures (Articles 3 9 –43 ), and Articles of Administrative Nature (Articles 44 –5 2).
These Articles are complemented by four Annexes of technical nature (Annexes I, II, III, and IV) or
administrative nature (Annex V); the last Annex (Annex VI) lists the correlation between the articles in
Directives 97/23 /EC and 201 4/68 /EU.
The listing of all Articles and Annexes in PED 201 4/68 /EU is provided in Appendix B of this Guide.
Appendix C presents a flowchart of the PED.
7
4 SCOPE (ARTICLES 1 , 2, AND 4 OF THE PED)

4.1 Scope (Article 1 -§1 of the PED)
The PED embraces all Pressure Equipment subj ect to an internal pressure of gas or liquid above 0. 5 bar. It
applies to new Equipment fabricated in the EU (and to new or used Equipment imported from countries
outside the EU).
In-service inspection of operating equipment is covered in the national regulations of each EU country. (It
is not intended to develop an EU Directive covering in-service inspection. )
All materials, metallic and nonmetallic, are considered.
This scope is very wide as it covers any pressure containment above 0. 5 bar from simple pressure- cookers
to large water-tube boilers.
4.2 Types of Equipment Covered (Article 2 and Article 4 of the PED)

In the PED, the term Pressure Equipment covers the four following types:
Vessel: a component intended to contain a fluid (gas or liquid) above 0. 5 bar. This covers what was formerly
called pressure vessels (unfired or fired).
Piping: a component intended for the transport of fluids.
Safety accessories: devices designed to protect the Equipment.
Pressure accessories: devices with an operational function and subj ect to pressure (such as valves, pressure
regulators, pressure gauges, filters, expansion j oints, etc. ).
Components (such as covers, collars, gaskets, flanges, bolts, and nozzles) are not considered as pressure
accessories and cannot bear the CE Marking.
PED covers also Assemblies made of several parts of Pressure Equipment, assembled by the Manufacturer
to constitute an integrated and functional whole, such as boilers.
These Assemblies are mentioned several times throughout the PED and are covered in Appendix H of this
Guide.
Only the above four types of Pressure Equipment (plus Assemblies) can bear the CE Marking and have the
free movement throughout EU.
Equipment subj ect to 0. 5 bar or less are not regulated by the PED, as they do not present a significant
hazard.
4.3 PED Exclusions (Article 1 -§2 of the PED)

B ecause the scope is very wide, many exclusions are listed in the PED. They are of three types:
(a) S pecific Equipment (e. g. , pipelines, water networks, and nuclear sector), which are too difficult to
regulate and is more properly addressed by the member S tate concerned.
(b) Equipment already covered by other Directives (e. g. , S imple Pressure Vessels, Aerosol Dispensers,
and Transportation of Dangerous Goods)
8
(c) Equipment that does not present significant hazards due to pressure (e. g. , motor vehicles, tires, and
gaseous bottles). These are covered by Type approval directives.
A list of these exclusions is provided in Appendix D of this Guide.
9
5 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT (ARTICLE 4, ARTICLE 1 3,

ANNEX 1 , AND ANNEX II OF THE PED)
5.1 Level of Hazards in Pressure Equipment
The primary goal of the Directive is to prevent potential hazards due to internal pressure in pressure
equipment. The pressure equipment referred to in Article 4 of the PED is classified by Category in accordance
with Annex II, according to an ascending level of hazard.
S everal levels of hazards are considered in the PED, which have practical consequences for the Equipment
both for the stringency of the ES R and CA Procedures to be car ried out. “Levels” are not used in the PED,
but are used in the Guide to help explain the various Categories and those areas outside the numbered
Categories.
Level 1 The pressure is 0. 5 bar or lower: There is no significant hazard, and the equipment is outside the
scope of the PED.
Level 2 The pressure is above 0. 5 bar, which does not require a CA. This is generally referred to as " S ound
Engineering Practice (S EP) of the Member S tate, " which defines the threshold above which the
Equipment is classified in Hazard Categories I, II, III, or IV.
Level 3 The pressure hazard level is low: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category I. There is no
intervention of the NB .
Level 4 The pressure hazard level is moderate: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category II. The NB
will check the Fabrication.
Level 5 The pressure hazard level is high: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category III. The NB will
check the Design and the Fabrication.
Level 6 The pressure hazard level is very high: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category IV. The
NB will perform increased checks of the Design and Fabrication.
Therefore, there are two main cases for Pressure Equipment:
(a) Equipment categorized as Levels 1 and 2.
(b) Equipment categorized as Levels 3 to 6.
5.2 Sound Engineering Practice (SEP) (Article 4-§3 of the PED)

This concerns all the equipment that is at or below the thresholds defined in Article 4 -§ 3 of the PED (see
Fig. 5 -1 in this Guide). These thresholds depend on the type of the Equipment, the dangerousness of the
fluid, and the pressure (PS ) and volume (V) of the Equipment. Pressure equipment and assemblies below
or equal to the limits set out in Article 4, paragraph 3 shall be designed and manufactured in accordance
with S EP of a Member S tate in order to ensure a safe life.
S uch equipment:
(a) Is not subj ect to the ES R: it must be constructed in accordance with S EP.
(b) Is not subj ect to the CA Procedures.
(c) Is not subj ect to the Declaration of Conformity: it must only bear the identification of the
manufacturer and be accompanied by instructions for use.
(d) Must not bear the CE Marking; however, it has the benefit of the free movement throughout the
EU.
5.3 Equipment in Categories I to IV (Article 4-§1 of the PED)

Equipment that is above the thresholds defined in Article 4-§ 3 of the PED is classified in Category I to IV,
depending on their level of hazard. This Equipment:
10
(a) is subj ect to ES R
(b) is subj ect to the CA Procedure
(c) is subj ect to the Declaration of Conformity
(d) must bear the CE Marking
(e) has free movement throughout the EU
Hazard categories depend on the following factors.
(a) Type of Equipment: Vessel (fired on unfired), Piping, S afety Accessory, Pressure Accessory.
(b) Nature of Fluid:
(1) Gas in the sense of the PED (Article 4-§ l. l(a) of the PED): gas (vapor pressure greater than 0. 5
bar), liquefied gas (vapor pressure equal to or less than 0. 5 bar) , gas dissolved under pressure,
vapors, etc.
(2) Liquid in the sense of the PED (Article 4-§ l. l(b) of the PED): liquids having a vapor pressure 0. 5
bar.
Figure 5-1 : Category for Vessel Containing a Dangerous Gas
Note: Refer To Table 1 of the PED
(c) Dangerousness of the fluid, which is classified into two groups (Article 1 3 -§ 1 (a) of the PED):
(1) Group 1 : Most dangerous fluids (explosives, flammable, toxic, oxidizing, pyrophoric).
(2) Group 2: Less dangerous fluids (all others).
(d) Operations conditions characterized by the maximum allowable pressure, PS , and the internal volume,
V (for Vessels), or the nominal diameter, DN (for Piping).
11
The hazard categories are defined in the PED by graphs (Tables 1 through 9 of Annex II of the PED).
How to determine the hazard category is explained as follows for each type of Equipment.
5.4 Vessels Not Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 4-§1 (a) of the PED)
Figure 4- 1 enables the determination of the Hazard Category of a vessel “not fired, nor heated with a risk
of overheating” containing a dangerous (Group 1 ) gas, as a function of internal volume, V, and maximum
allowable pressure, PS .
NOTE: If the vessel is composed of several chambers, the determination of the Hazard Category must be
performed for each chamber and the higher hazard category is to be used.
The volume, V, to be used is the total internal volume of the vessel or the chamber (not the volume occupied
by the fluid).
Each demarcation line pertains to the lower hazard category.
Three additional graphs, given by Tables 2, 3 , and 4 of the PED (Annex II), cover vessels containing a
(a) Non-dangerous (Group 2) gas (Table 2)
(b) Dangerous (Group 1 ) liquid (Table 3 )
(c) Non-dangerous (Group 2) liquid (Table 4).
5.5 Vessels Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 4-§1 (b) of the PED)
This covers vessels subj ect to fire (e. g. , boilers) and vessels subj ect to heat with the risk of overheating
(e. g. , pressure-cookers) intended for generation of steam or superheated water (at T <1 1 0° C, or 23 0° F).
This is a non-dangerous liquid (Group 2), and only one graph (Table 5 of the PED) is sufficient to determine
the Category.
5.6 Piping (Article 4-§1 (c))

As for unfired vessels, four graphs are also necessary to determine the Category of piping given by Tables
6, 7, 8 , and 9 of the PED.
5.7 Safety Accessories (Article 4-§1 (d), Annex ll-§2 of the PED)
According to the Category of the Equipment on which the safety accessory is fitted, the following two cases
are possible.
(a) The pressure equipment and assemblies are below or equal to the limits in paragraphs 1 (a) , 1 (b), or
1 (c) and in paragraph 2. (Article 4-§ 3 of the PED). The safety accessories shall be designed and
manufactured in accordance with S EP instead of ES R. No CA and no CE Marking is required.
(b) The Equipment is in Category I, II, III, or IV (Annex II-§ 2 of the PED). Two cases are possible:
(1 ) The accessory is fabricated specifically for the Pressure Equipment: The safety accessory is in the
same Category as the Equipment,
(2) The accessory is not fabricated specifically for the Pressure Equipment: The accessory is
classified in Category IV.
5.8 Pressure Accessories (Article 4-§1 (d), Annex ll-§3 of the PED)
According to the Hazard Category of the Pressure Equipment on which the Pressure Accessory is fitted, the
following two cases are possible.
(a) S EP (Article 4-§ 3 of the PED). The pressure accessories on equipment and assemblies that are
below or equal to the limits in paragraphs 1 (a), 1 (b), or 1 (c) and in paragraph 2. The accessories
12
shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with S EP instead of ES R. No CA and no CE
Marking is required. S EP equipment must not bear CE marking.
(b) The Equipment is in Hazard Category I, II, III, or IV. The Accessory is classified using its pressure,
PS , and its volume, V (using Table 1 , 2, 3 , 4, or 5 of the PED, as appropriate), or its nominal diameter,
DN, (using Table 6, 7, 8 , or 9 of the PED, as appropriate).
NOTE: If both V and DN are considered appropriate to define the Accessory, it is classified in the higher
Hazard Category.
5.9 Summary
The Hazard Category system forms the cornerstone of the PED both on technical and legal aspects. The
Hazard Category has a significant impact on:
(a) The severity level of the ES R applicable to the Equipment.
(b) The stringency level of the CA Procedure to be performed by the NB and the Manufacturer.
(c) Tables 1 –9 of the PED are provided in Appendix E of this Guide.
13
6 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT (CA) PROCEDURES (ARTICLE 1 4, ANNEX III OF

THE PED)
6.1 Introduction
(a) Any product regulated by a European Directive is subj ect to a CA to ensure that it complies with
all the requirements of the PED, generally under the responsibility of a NB (Article 1 4 of the
PED).
(b) Thirteen CA Procedures that are proposed conform to the following principles (see Figure 5 -1 of
this Guide).
Figure 6-1 : Relation of CA Procedures to Categories

CATEGORY CA PROCEDURES
I Module A
II Modules A2, D1 , E1
III Modules B (design type) + D, B (design type) + F, B (production type) + E,
B (production type) + C2, H
IV Module B (production type) + D, B (production type) + F, G, H1
(1 ) The procedures are divided into a design phase and a production phase.
(2) In each phase, the roles and responsibilities of the Manufacturer and the NB are detailed.
(3) S ome procedures are better adapted to single production (procedures G, H). Others are better
adapted to production type (procedures B +C, B +E, B +F, B +D). In this case the procedure is
divided in two modules covering separately the design phase and the production phase.
(4) The Manufacturer always has the choice between
(i) CA Procedure without a QA system: the NB will check the product itself.
(ii) CA Procedure requiring a QA system: the NB will check the QA system more than the product
itself.
(5) The seven CA Procedures of Figure 5 -1 of this Guide imply an increasing involvement of the NB
from procedure A to procedure H, depending on the level of hazard presented by the Equipment
covered by the Directive.
(6) Each Manufacturer must select a CA Procedure among these seven procedures. Their application
is mandatory for affixing the CE Marking (Article 1 4 of the PED).
6.2 General Concept

(a) The PED uses these seven CA procedures (A to H) plus six additional ones (which are identified
in Figure 5 -3 of this Guide), making a total of 1 3 procedures. The multiplicity of these procedures
results from the consensus between 1 5 countries and is j ustified by:
(1 ) diversity of types of Pressure Equipment,
(2) diversity of means of production (unit production, series production, with or without QA system),
(3) diversity of hazard levels presented by these Equipment, which has led to four Hazard Categories
in the PED.
Figure 5 -3 of this Guide shows a general overview of these CA Procedures.
(b) In each Hazard Category one or several CA Procedures, of equivalent stringency, are proposed to
the Manufacturer, depending on production (single or series) and if there is a QA system (see Figure
5 -2).
14
When the Hazard Category increases, the requirements of the procedures become more severe and there is
more involvement of the NB :
Category I No intervention by the NB (Module A).
Category II No intervention by the NB at Design phase, but surveillance by the NB during production
phase (A2), or surveillance by the NB of QA system (D1 , E1 ).
Category III Design examination by the NB and final assessment of the equipment: B (production type)
+ C2, B (design type) + F.
S urveillance of the QA system: B (production type) + E, B (design type) + D, H.
Category IV Increased intervention of the NB : B (production type) + D, B (production type) +F, G, H1 .
The Manufacturer may always use a CA Procedure of a higher category level.
Figure 6-2: CA Modules

A. (Internal G. (Unit H. (Full Quality
Control of B. (Type Examination) Verification) Assurance
Production) (QA))
Manufacturer:
Manufacturer: Manufacturer S ubmits to NB : Manufacturer: Operates an
Keeps technical (a) Technical documentation S ubmits approved quality
documentation (b) Type technical system (QS ) for
at the disposal documentation design
of national NB :
authorities (a) Ascertains conformity with essential requirements Notified body:

DES IGN
(b) Carries out tests, if necessary (a) Carries out

(c) Issues EU type-examination certificate surveillance of
the QS
(b) Verifies
conformity of the
design (H1 )
(c) Issues EC
design
examination
certificate (H1 )
C2 E. (Product F. (Product D.
(Conformity QA) Verification) (Production
to Type) QA)
Manufacturer:
A. (a) Operates Manufacturer: Manufacturer:
Manufacturer: an approved (a)Operates an Manufacturer: (a)Operates an

Manufacturer:
(a) Declares Manufacturer: QS for approved QS (a)S ubmits approved QS for
(a)Declares
conformity (a) Declares inspection and for production product production and
conformity
with essential conformity testing and testing (b)Declares testing
with approved
requirements with approved (b)Declares (b)Declares conformity (b)Declares
type, or with
PRODUCTION
(b) Affixes the type conformity conformity (c)Affixes the conformity

essential
CE mark (b) Affixes the with approved with approved CE mark (c)Affixes the
requirements
CE mark type, or to type CE mark
(b)Affixes the
essential (c)Affixes the
CE marking
requirements CE mark
(c)Affixes the
CE mark
A2. NB : NB : NB : NB : NB : NB :
NB : (a)Tests on (a)Approves (a)Verifies (a)Approves (a)Verifies Carries out
(a)Tests on specific the QS conformity the QS conformity surveillance of
specific aspects aspects of the (b)Carries out (b)Issues (b)Carries out with essential the QS
of the product product surveillance of certificate at surveillance of requirements
(b)Product (b)Product the QS conformity the QS (b)Issues
checks at checks at certificate of
random random conformity
intervals intervals
1 2 3 4
15
Figure 6-3: CA Procedures in the PED

Module Category Design Production
A I Technical documentation Internal production control
Internal production control
A2 II Technical documentation with surveillance of the
final assessment
Type without QA: C2 or F

B – Production Type III
examination with QA: E or D
Design without QA: F

B – Design Type IV
examination with QA: D
(Module B – Production Conformity of the

C2 III
Type) production to the type
(Module B – Production
D III & IV QA for production
Type or B - Design Type)
D1 II Technical documentation QA for production
(Module B – Production QA for final testing on

E III
Type) products
QA for final testing on

E1 II Technical documentation
products
(Module B – Production
F III & IV
Type or B - Design Type) Product verification
G IV Unit verification
Unit verification
H III QA for design QA for production
QA for production with

QA for design, with
H1 IV specific surveillance of
design examination
final assessment
16
Figure 6-4: CA Procedure to Be Applied In Each Category

Without QA With QA
Category Series Unit Series Unit
I A A A A
II A2 A2 D1 or E1 D1 or E1
B + C2 B + E H
B 1 B -Design
III B 1 B -Design B 1 B -Design B 1 B -Design
Type + F
Type + F Type + D Type + D
B -Production B -Production
IV G H1
Type + F Type + D
NOTE: S ee Table 5 for Categories applicable to boilers. Power boilers typically are Category IV pressure
equipment.
6.3 Structure of the Procedures

(a) Each CA Procedure is described in detail in Annex III of the PED and specifies the respective tasks
and responsibilities of the Manufacturer and of the NB for the Design and Production phases. For
all Equipment:
(1 ) The Manufacturer must
(i) draw up the Technical Documentation
(ii) ensure conformity to the ES R by drawing up a Declaration of Conformity (Annex IV of the
PED)
(iii) affix the CE Marking,
(iv) affix the identification number of the NB .
(2) The NB must check the conformity of the Equipment with the ES R by applying the
specifications of the Procedure. This check will differ according to whether the manufacturer
uses a QA procedure.
(b) For the six CA Procedures without QA (A, A2, B -Production Type +C, B -Production Type +F, B 2-
Design Type+F, G), the NB must examine the Design and the Fabrication of each Equipment, and
perform appropriate tests, so as to check its conformity to the ES R, except for the following
procedures.
(1 ) Procedure A. S elf-certification by the Manufacturer.
(2) Procedure A2. S elf-certification by the Manufacturer and surveillance by an NB that takes the
form of unexpected visits.
(c) For the seven CA Procedures with QA (D1 , E1 , B -Production Type +E, B -Production Type +D,
B 1 B -Design Type+D, H, H1 ), the involvement of the NB on the Equipment itself is reduced, and
the NB concentrates on the QA system. The NB :
(1 ) assesses the adequacy of the QA system to the production
(2) carries out periodic audits to ensure that the Manufacturer applies the QA system
(3) applies the surveillance by unexpected visits to check that the QA systems works correctly.
(d) S ix procedures are devoted to unit production (A, A2, D1 , E1 , G, H, H1 ).
(e) S even procedures are devoted to series production (B -Production Type +C2, B -Production Type
+D, B -Production Type +E, B -Production Type +F, B -Production Type +D, B -Production Type
+F). They consist of a design module covering the design phase (modules B ) and a production
module covering the production phase (modules C2, D, E, and F).
17
6.4 Review of CA Modules

6.4.1 CA Modules
Module A Internal Production Control
Module A2 Internal Production Control Plus S upervised Pressure Equipment Checks at Random
Intervals
Module B EC type examination - Production Type
Module B EU type examinations, B - Production Type, and B -Design Type
Module C2 Conformity to Type B ased on Internal Production Control plus S upervised Pressure
Equipment Checks at Random Intervals
Module D Conformity to Type B ased on Quality Assurance of the Production Process
Module D1 Quality Assurance of the Production Process
Module E Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment Quality Assurance
Module E1 Quality Assurance of Final Pressure Equipment Inspection and Testing
Module F Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment
Module G Conformity B ased on Unit Verification
Module H Conformity B ased on Full Quality Assurance
Module H1 Conformity B ased on Full Quality Assurance Plus Design Examination
Appendix F Declaration of Conformity
Appendix G Activities of Manufacturers and Notified B odies in Accordance with CA Procedures
6.4.2 Module A: Internal Production Control

This module describes procedures by which Manufacturers, or their authorized representatives established
in the European Community, ensure and declare that pressure equipment satisfy the requirements of the
PED to which they apply. This module is applicable for Category I, for a production by series or unit, with
or without a QA system.
6.4.2.1 Characteristics of the Module
(a) Internal Production Control by the Manufacturer
(b) No intervention of the NB
6.4.2.2 Role of the Manufacturer
(a) The Manufacturer must draw up the technical documentation (see Module A2) and must keep it at
the disposal of the relevant national authorities for inspection purposes for 1 0 years after the last of
the pressure equipment has been manufactured.
(b) The Manufacturer must affix the CE marking to each item of pressure equipment.
(c) The Manufacturer must draw up a written declaration of conformity.
(d) The Manufacturer must keep a copy of the declaration of conformity with the technical
documentation.
6.4.3 Module A2: Internal Production Control plus Supervised Pressure Equipment
Checks at Random Intervals
This module describes procedure by which the Manufacturer, or its authorized representative established
in the Community, ensures and declares that pressure equipment of Category II satisfies the requirements
of the PED.
This module is applied for a production in series or by unit, without a QA system.
18
6.4.3.1 Tasks of the Manufacturer
(a) The Manufacturer chooses an NB .
(b) The Manufacturer draws up technical documentation, as far as is relevant to such assessment, and
covers the design, manufacture, and operation of the pressure equipment. The basic document is
the general design drawing of the equipment completed if necessary by more detailed
manufacturing drawings or diagrams of the subas semblies or circuits and commented if necessary
by a written description. The technical documentation will contain:
(1 ) name of the Manufacturer and site of production
(2) conceptual design and manufacturing drawings
(3) a list of harmonized standards applied and des cription of the solutions adopted
(4) results of design calculation made and/or test reports
(c) The Manufacturer ensures that the manufacturing process complies with technical documentation.
(d) The Manufacturer affixes the CE marking and NB identification number to each item.
(e) The Manufacturer draws up written declaration of conformity.
(f) Retain declaration of conformity and technical documentation for ten years.
6.4.3.2 Tasks of the Notified Body
(a) Monitoring of final assessment by unexpected visits. The final assessment must include
(1 ) visual examination of the equipment
(2) hydrostatic pressure test
(3) examination of safety devices.
(b) Take samples of pressure equipment at manufacturing or storage premises to conduct checks.
(c) Take appropriate action if items do not conform.
(d) Monitor the state of art and revert to the manufacturer if type of approval does not keep up.
6.4.4 Module B: EU Type Examination – Production Type

This module describes the part of the procedure by which an NB ascertains and attests that a representative
example of the production meets the provisions of the PED to which they apply. This module is applied
for risk category III and IV, for a production in series, with or without QA.
This module is only applicable for the design examination. It is always associated with another module
concerning the manufacturing of the pressure equipment (C2, E, F, or D).
(a) The Manufacturer draws up the technical documentation that covers the design, manufacture, and
operation of the pressure equipment. The documents to be given to the NB for a design examination
are:
(1 ) general description of the pressure equipment
(2) list of codes or harmonized standards applied and solution adopted where harmonized
standards are not used
(3) design drawings, manufacturing drawings, diagram of components
(4) identification marking drawings (identity plate)
(5) list of materials used
(6) results of design calculation made and/or test reports
(7) forming procedures
(8) heat treatment procedures
(9) Non Destructive Testing (NDT) procedures
(1 0) certification of Non Destructive Examination (NDE) personnel
19
(1 1 ) qualification of permanent assembly procedures: welding, braze-welding, brazing, expanding,
and gluing
(1 2) operating instructions
For calculation design, the results of the design calculation shall be given; for experimental design, the test
reports shall be given; and, for calculation design completed by experimental design, the results of the
calculation shall be supplemented by the test reports.
These documents shall be given to the NB for this module, but also for EU Type examination - Design
Type (modules B and H1 ). They shall also be available in complement of the documents for the final
assessment in modules A, A2, D1 , E1 , and H.
(a) The Manufacturer provides representative example of production (a “type”) to the NB.
(b) The Manufacturer retains documentation and copies of EU type-examination during ten years.
6.4.4.3 Tasks of the NB
(a) Examines the technical documentation
(b) Verify that the “type” is manufactured in conformity with the technical documentation
(c) Assess materials when they are not in conformity with harmonized standard or EAM, and check
material certificates
(d) Approve procedures for permanent j oining or check they have been previously approved
(e) Verify staff are qualified or approved for permanent j oining and NDE
(f) Issues EU type-examination certificate with a validity of ten years
(g) Retain copy of documentation and EU type - examination certificate
6.4.5 Module B: EU Type Examination – Design Type

This module describes the part of the procedure where an NB ascertains and attests that the design of an
item of pressure equipment meets the provisions of the PED to which they apply. This module is applied
for risk category III, for production in series or by unit, with or without QA.
This module is only applicable for design examination (e. g. , Module D) ; it is always associated with another
module concerning the manufacturing of a pressure equipment (F or D).
The Manufacturer draws up the technical documentation as described in module B .
S ee module B (para. 4. 4).
(a) Examine the technical documentation
(b) Issue EC design-examination certificate
6.4.6 Module C2: Conformity to Type Based on Internal Production Control plus
Supervised Pressure Equipment Checks at Random Intervals
This module describes that part of procedure whereby the Manufacturer ensures and declares that pressure
equipment is in conformity with the type as described in the EU type-examination certificates – Design Type
and satisfies the requirements of the PED to which they apply.
20
The Manufacturer must affix the EC marking to each item of pressure equipment and draw up a written
declaration of conformity.
This module is only applicable for the manufacturing of the pressure equipment in series without QA. It is
always associated with the module B (EU type-examination – Production Type).
(a) Ensure that the manufacturing process produces pressure equipment that complies with the type as
described in the EU type-examination certificate. (The PED does not restrict the use of Modules;
the manufacturer may choose the most appropriate Module).
(b) Choose an NB
(c) Affix CE marking and NB identification number.
(a) Monitor the final assessment by unexpected visits
(a) Ensure that the Manufacturer performs the final assessment according to the PED
(b) Take samples of pressure equipment at manufacturing and storage premises to conduct chec ks.
6.4.7 Module D: Conformity to Type Based on QA of the Production Process

This module describes procedures where the Manufacturer ensures and declares that the pressure equipment
concerned is in conformity with the type described in the EU design-examination certificate and satisfies
the requirements of the PED to which they apply.
6.4.7.1 Characteristics of this Module
This module is only applicable for the manufacturing of the pressure equipment in series or by unit, with
QA for risk categories III or IV. It is always associated with the module B (EU type examination,
production type or design type).
(a) S et up and operate quality system for production, final inspection, and testing, which ensures
compliance of the pressure equipment with the type described in the EU type examination –
Production Type certificate, or the EU type examination – Design Type certificate.
(b) Lodge application for assessment of quality system with an NB as described in module D1
(c) Affix CE marking and NB identification number
(d) Draw up written declaration of conformity.
(a) Assess quality system including an inspection visit to the Manufacturer’s premises.
(b) Carry out surveillance visits to ensure that the Manufacturer fulfills the obligation arising from the
approved quality system.
(c) Carry out periodic audits such that a full reassessment is carried out.
(d) Carry out unexpected visits to verify that the quality system is functioning correctly.
(e) Notify the Manufacturer of assessment decision.
21
6.4.8 Module D1 : Quality Assurance of the Production Process

This module is applicable for conception and for the manufacturing of pressure equipment. It is not
associated with another module.
This module is applicable for risk category II with QA for production in series or by unit.
(a) Draw up technical documentation covering design, manufacture, and final inspection. The
documents given to the NB for final inspection shall contain
(1 ) certificates of qualification of NDT personnel, welders, brazing personnel
(2) data dealing with heat treatment (diagram of temperatures)
(3) inspection documents for the base materials and the consumables
(4) procedures for ensuring materials traceability
(5) test reports of NDT, including radiographic films
(6) test reports of destructive tests
(7) forming conformity certificate.
(b) S et up and operate quality system for production, final inspection and testing (e. g. , International
Organization for S tandardization (IS O) 9002), which ensures compliance of the pressure equipment
with the PED.
(c) Give to the NB the documentation on the quality system including a description of quality
obj ectives and organization structure.
(d) Affix EC marking and draw up written declaration of conformity.
(a) Assess quality s ystem including an inspection visit to the manufacturer’s premises.
(b) Carry out periodic audits such that a full reassessment is conducted.
(c) Carry out unexpected visits to verify that the quality system is functioning correctly.
(d) Notify the Manufacturer of assessment decision.
6.4.9 Module E: Conformity to Type Based on Pressure Equipment Quality Assurance

This module is applicable only for the manufacturing of pressure equipment. It is associated with module
B (conception).
This module is applicable for risk category III with QA for production in series.
(a) S et up and operate quality system for products, which ensures compliance of the pressure
equipment with the type described in the EU type examination certificate.
(b) Lodge application for assessment of quality system with an NB as described in module E1 (para.
4. 1 0).
(c) Affix EC marking and notified body identification number.
22
(a) Assess quality system, including technical aspect, with an inspection visit to the Manufacturer’s
premises.
(b) Carry out periodic audits such that a full reassessment is carried out.
(c) Carry out unexpected visits to verify that the quality system is func tioning correctly.
6.4.1 0 Module E1 : Quality Assurance of Final Pressure Equipment Inspection and Testing
This module is applicable for conception and for manufacturing of pressure equipment. It is not associated
with another module.
6.4.10.1 Characteristics o f th e M o d u l e
Th is module is applicable for risk category II with QA for production in series and by unit.
(a) Draw up technical documentation covering design, manufacture, and final inspection.
(b) S et up a quality system for products, and operate this QA for final assessment and testing.
(a) Assess quality system, including tec hnical aspect, with an inspection visit to the Manufacturer’s
premises.
(b) Carry out periodic audits such that a full reassessment is conducted.
(c) Carry out unexpected visits to verify that the quality system is functioning correctly.
6.4.1 1 Module F: Conformity to Type Based on Pressure Equipment Verification

This module is applicable only for the manufacturing of pressure equipment, including power boilers. It is
associated with modules B .
Th is module is applicable for category III or IV without QA for production in series or by unit.
(a) Ensure that the manufacturing process produces pressure equipment that is in conformity with the
type described in the EU type-examination certificate (B ), Production Type or Design Type.
(b) Choose an NB .
(a) Examine and test each item of pressure equipment, to verify that every item conforms to the type.
(b) Verify qualification of personnel responsible for permanent j oining and NDT examination,
(c) Carry out final inspection and proof test.
(d) Draw up written certificate of conformity relating to the test.
23
6.4.1 2 Module G: Conformity Based on Unit Verification

This module is applicable for design and manufacturing pressure equipment, including power boilers. It is
not associated with another module.
6.4.12.1 Characteristics o f the Mo du le
Th is module is applicable for category IV, without QA and for production by unit.
(a) Lodge application for unit verification with an NB that must include
(1 ) The technical documentation as described under module A2 and additional modules, as
appropriate.
(2) Information relating to the approval of the manufacturing and test procedures .
(3) Information of the qualifications or approvals of staff carrying out permanent j oining and non-
destructive tests.
(b) Affix EC marking.
(c) Draw up written declaration of conformity.
(a) Examine design and construction of each item.
(b) Examine technical documentation with respect to design and manufacturing procedures.
(c) Perform additional examinations of materials from material Manufacturers, as appropriate.
(d) Approve procedures for permanent j oining of parts or check previous approval.
(e) Verify personnel responsible for permanent j oining of parts and non-destructive testing.
(f) Perform during manufacture appropriate tests set out in relevant harmonized standards or
equivalent to ensure the conformity to the PED.
(g) Carry out final inspection and perform, or have performed, the proof test.
(h) Examine the safety devices, if applicable.
(i) Affix identification number or have it affixed to the pressure equipment.
(j) Draw up certificate of conformity for the tests carried out.
6.4.1 3 Module H: Conformity Based on Full QA

This module is applicable for conception and for the manufacturing of pressure equipment. It is not
associated with another module.
Th is module is applicable for risk category III with QA for production by unit.
(a) Implement an approved quality system for design, manufacture, and final inspection and testing
(e. g. , IS O 9001 ), which must ensure compliance of the pressure equipment with the requirements
of the PED that apply to it.
(b) Lodge application for assessment of the quality system with an NB , which includes
(1 ) relevant information on the pressure equipment concerned
(2) documentation on the quality system including a description of quality obj ectives and
organizational structure
(3) technical design specifications, including standards, that will be applied
(4) design control and technical verifications, process and systematic measures, particularly the
procedures for permanent j oining
24
(5) examinations and tests to be carried out
(6) quality records, such as inspection reports, test data, and the qualifications or approvals of the
personnel concerned particularly with permanent j oining
(7) means of monitoring quality and quality system.
(c) Undertake the fulfilment of obligations arising out of the quality system.
(d) Affix EC marking and identification number of the NB responsible for surveillance.
(e) Draw up declaration of conformity.
(a) Assess quality system including an inspection visit to the Manufacturer’s premises.
(b) Presume conformity with respect to the elements of the quality system that implements a relevant
harmonized standard (e. g. , IS O 9001 ).
(c) Notify the Manufacturer of assessment decision.
(d) Carry out surveillance visits to ensure that the Manufacturer fulfils the obligations arising from the
approved quality system.
(e) Carry out periodic audits such that a full reassessment is carried out every three years.
(f) Carry out unexpected visits to verify that the quality system is functioning correctly.
(g) Assess proposed changes to the quality system. For category III and IV vessels for group 1 and
group 2 gases and group 1 liquids and steam generators, the NB , when performing unexpected
visits, must take a sample of equipment and perform, or have performed, the proof test.
For one-off production of category III steam generators, the NB must perform, or have performed, the proof
test for each unit.
6.4.1 4 Module H1 : Conformity Based on Full QA Plus Design Examination

This module is applicable to Category IV pressure equipment, including power boilers.
(a) Lodge application for examination of the design with an NB . The application must enable the
design, manufacture, and operation of the pressure equipment to be understood and enable
conformity with the relevant requirements of the PED to be assessed. It must include
(1 ) technical design specifications, including standards
(2) necessary supporting evidence for their adequacy, in particular where harmonized standards
have not been applied in full
(b) Inform the NB of all modifications to the approved design.
(a) Examine the application and, if satisfied, issue an EC design examination certificate.
(b) Carry out surveillance of the final assessment in the form of unexpected visits, which must include
examinations on the pressure equipment.
(c) Assess any modifications to the approved design and give additional approval.
6.5 Summary of Activities of Manufacturers and NBs

A summary of the activities of Manufacturers and NB s in accordance with the CA Procedures is provided
in Appendix F of this Guide.
25
7 ESSENTIAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (ESR) (ARTICLES 4 AND 6, ANNEX I

OF THE PED)
7.1 Introduction
The technical requirements concerning the Pressure Equipment itself are included in Annex I of the PED
under the designation ES R. The following principles apply.
(a) All pressure equipment above the thresholds mentioned in Article 4 of the PED (i. e. , classified in
Hazard Category I, II, III, or IV) shall comply with all these ES R. They concern the various steps
of the construction: design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, and safety devices.
(b) These ESR are generally formulated in general terms of safety objectives, such as, “Pressure
Equipment shall be constructed in such a way to ensure its safety in reasonable foreseeable
conditions.”
The PED does not provide the means to achieve these requirements; this is the role of the Harmonized
Standards. Some quantitative requirements are provided by PED §7 of Annex I, which “apply as a general
rule.” Manufacturers can depart from these quantitative requirements, but they shall convince the NB that
“they have taken appropriate measures to achieve an equivalent overall level of safety.”
(c) It is the role of European Committee for S tandardization (CEN) Harmonized S tandards
(harmonized to the PED), such as EN1 3 445 for Unfired Pressure Vessel developed by CEN/TC5 4),
to quantify each of these requirements. As a consequence, this gives them a presumption of
conformity to the PED (see PED Article 1 2-§ 1 ).
However, use of these Harmonized S tandards is not compulsory. The Manufacturer may construct its
pressure vessel using any Code or S tandard but must be able to demonstrate to the NB that the vessel
complies with each of the ES R of PED Annex I. Or, the Manufacturer shall sho w that it has used a
quantitative requirement different from the Harmonized S tandards, provided an equivalent level of safety
is achieved.
(d) The Manufacturer is free to use one of the following three options to prove that this Equipment
complies with the ES R.
(1 ) use of the EN Harmonized S tandard, which will give presumption of conformity to the ES R
(2) use of a recognized Code like AS ME B PVC, French Code for Construction of Unfired Pressure
Vessel (CODAP), etc. (supplemented by additional requirements to ensure comp liance with
the PED)
(3) by applying directly the ES R and providing calculation sheets carrying out tests, etc.
In options 2 and 3 , the Manufacturer will have to convince the NB of its compliance with the ES R.
(e) The stringency of some of these ES R depend on the Hazard Category of the Equipment, especially:
(1 ) approval of welding operating permanent j oining procedures (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 2 of the PED)
(2) approval of welders (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 2 of the PED)
(3) approval of non-destructive test personnel (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 3 of the PED)
(4) types of material certificate (Annex I-§ 4. 3 of the PED).
7.2 General Discussion of ESR (Annex I of the PED)

7.2.1 Preliminary Remarks
(a) All equipment above the thresholds specified in PED Article 4 -§ 1 (i. e. , Equipment classified in
Categories I, II, III, and IV) shall meet each of the ES R of Annex I of the PED. This applies to
assemblies (Article 4-§ 2 of the PED), taking into account the derogation specified in clause Article
4-§ 2. 3 (see Annex I-§ 2. 8 of the PED).
26
(b) The ES R are mandatory. These are expressed qualitatively in terms of general purposes. Only
some numerical values are given in Annex I-§ 7 of the PED (j oint efficiency, proof tes t pressure,
etc. ). The Manufacturer is not obliged to use these values provided an equivalent overall level
safety has been achieved (Annex I-§ 7 of the PED).
7.2.1.1 General (Annex I-§1 of the PED)
Equipment shall be constructed in such a way that their safety is ensured (Annex I-§ 1 . 1 of the PED). The
Manufacturer shall carry out an analysis of hazards and risks , which shall be used as indicated in Annex I-
§ 1 . 2 and Annex I-§ 1 . 3 of the PED.
7.2.1.2 Design (Annex I-§2 of the PED)
7.2.1.2.1 General (Annex I-§2.1 of the PED)
Pressure e quipment shall be “properly designed” to ensure that the equipment will be safe throughout its
intended life, taking into account
(a) suitable safety margins against the different failure modes
(b) loads corresponding to the intended use (pressure, temperature, wind, earthquake, etc. )
(c) expected working conditions (corrosion, erosion, fatigue, etc. ), (Annex I-§ 2. 2. 1 of the PED).
7.2.1.2.2 Design Method
Two methods for design are proposed (Annex I-§ 2. 2. 2 of the PED):
(a) Calculation Method. This method is applicable to all cases (Annex I-§ 2. 2. 3 of the PED).
(1 ) This method shall specify the maximal allowable stresses to prevent possible failure modes
including creep, corrosion, fatigue, and instability (Annex I-§ 2. 2. 3 a of the PED).
(2) The allowable general membrane stress, S a, is defined below, for each type of material (Annex
I-§ 7. 1 . 2 of the PED).
Figure 7-1 : Allowable General Membrane Stress Values

Material Allowable General Membrane S tress, Sa
Ferritic steel, including normalized steel and Lesser of Re/t /1 . 5 and Rm/20 /2. 4
excluding fine-grain steel and specially heat treated
steel
Austenitic steel if A > 3 0% Re/t /1 . 5

Austenitic steel if A > 3 5 % Lesser of Re/t /1 . 2 and Rm /t /3
Cast steel Lesser of Re/t /1 . 9 and Rm/20 /3
Aluminium Re/t /1 . 5
Aluminium alloys (excluding precipitation hardened Lesser of Re/t /1 . 5 and Rm/20 /2. 4
alloys)
A = elongation, %
Re/t = specified minimum yield strength at calculation (design) temperature

Rm/20 = specified minimum ultimate tensile strength at 20 ⁰ C (room temperature)
Rm/t = ultimate tensile strength at calculation (design) temperature
NOTE: These stress values apply as a general rule. Other values may be used if an equivalent overall
level of safety is achieved (PED Annex I-§ 7).
(3) The method shall take into account the following (PED Annex I-§ 2. 2. 3 . b):
(i) the calculation pressure (greater than or equal to PS ), the calculation temperature, and the
possible combinations
(ii) the maximal stresses and stress concentrations
27
(iii) the j oint efficiency according to the level of testing of welded j oints (Annex I-§ 7. 2 of the
PED).
Figure 7-2: Joint Efficiency Values

Extent of Examination Joint Efficiency
1 00% Radiographic Testing (RT) or Ultrasonic Testing (UT) 1 .0
Random NDE by RT or UT (spot RT or UT) 0. 8 5
Visual examination only 0. 70
NOTE: These j oint efficiency values apply as a general rule. Greater values may be used if an equivalent
overall level of safety has been achieved (Annex I-§ 7 of the PED). Joint efficiency of 1 may be used for
equipment subj ect to destructive and non-destructive tests which confirm that the whole series of j oints
show no significant defects.
(a) Experimental Method. When no calculations are performed, this method is applicable only for
(Annex I-§ 2. 2. 4 of the PED):

3
(1 ) vessels that have a PS x V less than 6, 000 bar L (3 ,072 psi x ft )
(2) piping that has a PS x DN less than 3 , 000 bar mm (1 , 71 3 psi x in. ).
This method does not apply when CA is carried out according to Module B , EU Type Examination – Design
Type. The Manufacturer shall draw up a test program on a representative sample, subj ected to the
agreement of the Notified B ody in charge of the design assessment module.
7.2.1.2.3 Other Requirements for Design
Other requirements regarding design shall cover the following, if relevant (PED references are noted in
parentheses).
(a) safety of handling and operation (Annex I-§ 2. 3 )
(b) means of inspection (Annex I-§ 2. 4)
(c) means of draining and venting (Annex I-§ 2. 5 )
(d) corrosion and chemical attack (Annex I-§ 2. 6)
(e) wear (Annex I-§ 2. 7)
(f) reliability of assemblies (Annex I-§ 2. 8 )
(g) provisions for filling and discharge (Annex I-§ 2. 9)
(h) protection against exceeding the allowable limits (Annex I-§ 2. 1 0)
(i) safety accessories (Annex I-§ 2. 1 1 )
(j) external fire (Annex I-§ 2. 1 2).
7.2.1.3 Fabrication (Annex I-§3 of the PED)
7.2.1.3.1 Manufacturing Procedures
(a) The Manufacturer shall ensure that design specifications are effectively applied at fabrication stage
(Annex I-§ 3 . 1 of the PED), especially regarding the following aspects (PED references are noted
in parentheses).
(1 ) preparation of the component parts (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 1 )
(2) permanent j oining (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 2)
(3) heat treatments (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 4)
(4) traceability (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 5 ).
28
(b) Permanent j oining (Annex I-§ 3 . 1 . 2 of the PED) by welding, brazing, etc. , shall be performed using
qualified personnel and in accordance with qualified operating procedures. For pressure equipment
in Categories II, III, and IV, the operating procedures and personnel shall be approved by a
competent third party which, at the Manufacturer’ s discretion, may be a Notified Body, or a third
party organization recognized by a Member S tate, as provided for in Article 20.
Figure 7-3: Welding Procedure Qualifications and Welder Qualifications

Category of Equipment Approval of Welding Procedure Qualification and Welder Qualification
By
Category I Manufacturer
Category II Notified B ody (PED Article 3 0) Chosen by
Category III or the
Category IV Third-party organization Manufacturer
recognized by a Member S tate
7.2.1.3.2 Non - Destructive Testing (NDT) (Annex I-§3.1 .3of the PED)
This shall be performed by qualified personnel. B ody in charge of the approval of these qualifications
depends on the Category in which the Pressure Equipment is classified is as follows.
Equipment Category Approval of NDE Personnel B y
Category II
Category III Third-party organization recognized by
Category IV a Member S tate (PED Article 20)
7.2.1.3.3 Final Assessment (Annex I-§3.2 of the PED)
Pressure Equipment shall undergo a final assessment to ensure the compliance with the ES R. This final
assessment must include a final examination and a proof test performed by the Manufacturer or the Notified
B ody according to the assessment module that applies.
(a) Final examination (Annex I-§ 3 . 2. 1 of the PED) comprises
(1 ) internal and external visual examination of the Equipment
(2) examination of the accompanying documents of the Equipment.
(b) Proof test (Annex I-§ 3 . 2. 2 of the PED), generally hydrostatic, carried out at a pressure Pt defined
in Annex I-§ 7. 4 of the PED. The test pressure shall be the larger of the following.
where,
Ps = allowable maximum operating pressure
fa = nominal design stress at test temperature
ft = nominal design stress at operating temperature.
NOTE: Lower values may be used if an equivalent overall level of safety has been achieved (Annex I-§ 7
of the PED).
29
(a) Exceptionally, where the hydrostatic pressure test is impractical, an “equivalent test” (e. g. , a
pneumatic test) may be performed.
(b) The test shall be performed for each equipment, unless the equipment is classified in Category I
(where the test may be carried out on a statistical basis).
(c) For assemblies, an examination of the safety accessories shall be performed additionally.
7.2.1.3.4 Marking and Operating Instructions
(a) In addition to CE Marking, information specified in PED Annex I-§ 3 . 3 shall be affixed on the
Equipment.
(b) Pressure Equipment shall be accompanied with instructions covering all information necessary for
the user (mounting, start-up, use, maintenance). (S ee Annex I-§ 3 . 4 of the PED. )
7.2.1.4 Materials (Annex I-§4 of the PED)
The word Material includes the parent materials (i. e. , base metals, such as steel, aluminum, etc. ) as well as
j oining materials (for welding, brazing, etc. ). Welding consumables and other j oining materials are subj ect
only to some of the parent material requirements.
7.2.1.4.1 Materials Intended for Pressure Parts (Annex I-§4.1 of the PED)
Materials must have appropriate properties for all operating conditions reasonably foreseeable and for test
conditions, especially regarding (Annex I-§ 7. 5 of the PED) . Materials shall be sufficiently ductile and
tough, which can be demonstrated by the following properties:
(a) ductility: for steel, elongation after rupture, A % not less than 1 4%
(b) toughness: for steel, impact test energy not less than 27J (20 ft-lb).
NOTE: Other means of achieving sufficiently ductile and tough material may be adopted as long as an
equivalent overall level of safety can be as sured.
The materials shall be sufficiently chemically resistant and not be affected by aging, etc.
7.2.1.4.2 Material Characteristics (Ann ex I-§4.2 of the PED)
(a) The Manufacturer shall define material characteristics required by equipment design and material
use (Annex I-§ 4. 2a of the PED).
(b) The Manufacturer shall record in the technical documentation the j ustification for compliance with
one of the following forms :
(1 ) Material that complies with Harmonized S tandards. Thus, the material is presumed to comply
with the ES R
(2) Material subj ect to a EAM (Article 1 5 of the PED)
(3) Material subj ect to a PMA, which shall be carried out by a body depending on the Risk
Category in which the equipment is classified. (S ee below)
Equipment Category PMA Carried Out by
Category II
Category III NB in charge of evaluation and approval of the Pressure
Category IV Equipment
(c) Materials shall be accompanied by an inspection document established by the material producer.
For pressure parts the type of inspection document depends on the Equipment Risk Category
(Annex I-§ 4. 3 of the PED), as follows.
30
Equipment Category Type of Inspection Document (According to EN1 0204)
Category I Test report Type 2. 2 (Certificate of Compliance)
Inspection certificate
Category II Type 3 . 1 or Type 3 . 2 (if the material manufacturer does
Category III not have an approved quality system)
Category IV
NOTE: S ee S ection VII of this Guide for more details regarding PED requirements for materials.
7.2.1.5 Specific Requirements Applicable to Fired Equipment (Annex I-§5 of the PED)
This pressure equipment shall be constructed so as to avoid or minimize risks of a significant loss of
containment from overheating.
7.2.1.6 Specific Requirements Applicable to Piping (Annex I-§6 of the PED)
This equipment shall be constructed so as to ensure that the risks listed in sub -clauses (a) to (g) in PED
Annex I-§ 6 are taken into account or minimized.
7.2.1.7 Specific Quantitative Requirements for All Equipment (Annex I-§7 of the PED)
(a) The quantitative requirements specified in this clause of Annex I may be superseded by other
requirements (or other values) provided that these values result in an equivalent overall level of
safety.
(b) These requirements have been included in Annex I-§ 7, sub-clauses 2, 3 , and 4 of the PED. They
deal with the following items.
(1 ) allowable stresses (Annex I-§ 7. 1 )
(2) j oint coefficients (Annex I-§ 7. 2)
(3) means of pressure limitation (Annex-§ 7. 3 )
(4) hydrostatic test pressure (Annex I-§ 7. 4)
(5) material characteristics (Annex I-§ 7. 5 ).
7.3 Hazard Analysis (Annex I of the PED)

Annex I of the PED (Preliminary Observations -§ 3 ) requires the Manufacturer to perform an assessment of
hazards and risks and design and build the equipment taking account this analysis.
NOTE: S uch a hazard analysis has no relationship with the Category concept, defined in PED Article 1 3 ,
whose purpose is to determine the level of hazard presented by Pressure Equipment.
The hazard and risk analysis should be performed as follows.
7.3.1 Identify the Hazard Due to Pressure

All potential failure mechanisms or dangers that can be anticipated during operation of the Pressure
Equipment should be considered, such as:
(a) effect of operating parameters (pressure, temperature, fluid, etc. )
(b) effect of static stresses
(c) effect of fluctuating stresses
(d) corrosion, erosion, abrasion
(e) creep
31
(f) modification of mechanical properties due to temperature, manufacturing process (forming, etc. ),
aging, etc.
(g) potential misuse of the Pressure Equipment during operation.
NOTE: Only hazards due to pressure need to be considered for the PED. Other hazards (such as electrical
hazards, electromagnetic hazards, and transportation hazards) may be covered by other Directives.
7.3.2 Evaluation
Evaluate the hazards and risks to determine if the hazards and risks can be eliminated (using adequate safety
margins in design, adequate materials, adequate testing and inspection, etc. ) or reduced to an acceptable
level (PED Annex 1 , § 1 . 2, first indent).
NOTE: This is not a risk evaluation. The severity and probability of risk is not in the scope of the PED,
which does not account for the consequences of a failure of the Pressure Equipment. This appears clearly
in the determination of the Hazard Category of the Equipment.
7.3.3 Reduction of Hazards

Reduce hazards and risks that cannot be eliminated by applying protective measures during operation of
the Equipment.
7.3.4 Informing Users

Inform Users of residual hazards so that they can take adequate measures (PED Annex I-§ 1 . 2, third indent).
This also covers potential misuse of the Equipment by the User during operation (PED Annex I-§ 1 . 3 ).
7.3.5 Documentation
The results of the hazard analysis shall be included in the Technical Documentation.
The ES R contained in Annex I apply only when the corresponding hazards due to the pressure existing on
the Pressure Equipment under operating conditions that are “reasonably foreseeable by the Manufacturer”
(PED Annex I —Preliminary Observations, § 2).
32
8 MATERIALS (ARTICLE 1 5, ANNEX I, SECTION 4 OF THE PED)

8.1 General
(a) B efore a material can be used in Pressure Equipment, it must comply with the applicable ES R
specified in PED Annex I-§ 4 (also see paragraph 7. 2. 1 . 4 of this Guide):
(1 ) The material shall have appropriate properties for all foreseeable operating and test conditions.
(2) It shall be sufficiently ductile: e. g. , 1 4% minimum elongation for steel.
(3) It shall have sufficient notch toughness: 27J at 20° C (or 20 ft-lb at 68 ° F) for steel but not higher
than the lowest scheduled operating temperature.
(4) It shall be sufficiently chemically resistant to the fluid contained in the pressure equipment.
(5) It shall not be significantly affected by aging.
(6) It shall be suitable for the intended processing procedures during manufacture of the pressure
equipment.
(7) It shall be selected to avoid undesirable (e. g. , galvanic) effects when different materials are
j oined.
(8) It shall be suitable for such application during the scheduled lifetime unless replacement is
foreseen.
(b) For selecting a material for Pressure Equipment, the Manufacturer has three options (Annex I-§ 4. 2b
of the PED):
(1 ) Use material specification taken from an EN Material Harmonized S tandard. Materials taken
from these S tandards are presumed to conform to the ES R and there will be no requirement to
demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements for materials .
(2) Use material covered by EAM as explained below. This procedure is only applicable for
materials intended for repeated use.
(3) Use of material covered by a PMA. Any material may be used in pressure equipment if it can
be demonstrated that it complies with the ES R for the material.
8.2 Materials that Comply with Harmonized Materials Standards

A European standard may be adopted as a “Harmonized Standard” if the following conditions are fulfilled.
(a) Conforms to the addressed essential requirements
(b) Has an annex ZA
(c) Has been evaluated by the CEN consultant
(d) Is sent to the EC for publication in the OJEU. Harmonized S tandards for materials devoted to
pressure equipment are issued by CEN. Examples are as follows.
(1 ) EN 1 0028 S eries: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes.
(2) EN 1 021 6 S eries: S eamless tubes for pressure purposes.
8.3 European Approval of Pressure Equipment Materials (Article 1 5 of the PED)

8.3.1 General
When the Pressure Equipment material is not covered by a Harmonized S tandard, the Manufacturer of
Pressure Equipment can request an EAM to the NB .
The general procedure is as follows.
(a) The Manufacturer prepares a Data S heet containing all the technical information relevant to the
material specification.
(b) The NB performs appropriate inspections and tests to certify the conformity of the material to the
applicable ES R. If the material was recognized as being safe before the implementation of the
PED, the NB takes into account the existing data.
33
(c) The NB must comment on the material Data S heet to the Member S tates and the European
Commission who can disapprove the EAM within three months.
(d) If there is no disapproval during these three months the NB issues an EAM specification that will
be published in the OJEU.
(e) This material specification is presumed to conform to the applicable ES R and can be used at any
time. It has therefore the same status as a Harmonized S tandard material.
An EAM is a technical document defining the characteristics of materials intended for repeated use in the
manufacture of pressure equipment that are not covered by any harmonized standard.
An EAM will be issued, at the request of one or more Manufacturers of materials or equipment, by an NB
specifically designated for the task.
8.3.2 General Requirements for Obtaining EAMs of Pressure Equipment Materials

8.3.2.1 European Approvals of Nationally Approved Specifications of EU Member Countries for
Pressure Equipment Materials.
EAMs are established by transforming the material specifications for pressure equipment originally covered
in national standards of CEN member countries or in national technical material datasheets approved by
the body competent for such approvals. The following requirements shall apply.
(a) The national material specification existed before the work on the relevant European S tandard
commenced.
(b) The material represents a real alternative to the materials covered in the relevant European Material
S tandard or an already existing European Approval for pressure equipment materials.
(c) The sampling and testing conditions are equivalent to, or more stringent than, those specified in the
relevant European Material S tandard.
(d) The requirements specified in the national specification shall in general be backed by statistical
data.
8.3.2.2 EAM Covered in Non-EU Member Specifications
An EAM may be issued for a special or novel material grade not included in a European material standard
harmonized under the PED. S uch a material grade shall have a particular chemistry or specific mechanical
properties or characteristics, such as corrosion resistance.
An EAM will not be issued for a grade of material listed in the current of former national material standard
that has a specification covered by a harmonized European material standard.
NOTE: Guideline 7/26 includes additional information on European Approval of Materials. Note 2 to the
Guideline further states the EAM shall be withdrawn by the NB if the type of material is covered by a
harmonized standard.
8.3.2.3 Procedure for Incorporation of Existing National Material Specifications into European
Material Data Sheets (EMDS)
8.3.2.3.1 Applications
Applications shall be made in writing to an NB for incorporation of the material specification.
8.3.2.3.2 The NB Shall Verify the Requirements of Annex I in the PED
Where appropriate, the NB shall complete a questionnaire with the assistance of the applicant. After
consideration, the NB shall prepare a draft EMDS . The draft EMDS may contain restrictions or
34
supplementary requirements to ensure compliance of the specified material with the requirements of the
main part.
The draft EMDS shall be submitted to the EU Member S tates and the European Commission.
8.4 PMA (Annex I-§4.2c of the PED)

This approach is intended for a material that is not listed in a Harmonized S tandard or for which an EAM
has not been issued. It shall be in the following form:
(a) The pressure equipment manufacturer shall always provide in his technical documentation for
compliance with the material specifications of the Directive. It shall be in the form of PMA if the
material is not listed in a Harmonized S tandard.
(b) Where the pressure equipment is Category III or Category IV, a specific assessment of the PMA
shall be performed by the NB in charge of CA procedures for the pressure equipment.
The material specification shall be reviewed for compliance with the ES R and, if necessary, additional tests
must be carried out.
A PMA indicates that the Material complies with the applicable ES R, but is limited to its application to the
conditions specified. If the vessel manufacturer wants to use the material outside that range, it must reapply
to the NB for extension of the approval.
To grant approval, the NB may require additional tests to be carried out. S ubj ect to these results, the NB
may approve the use of the material for those particular conditions . Decisions made concerning the
suitability of a material within a specified range of conditions do not need to be repeated.
8.5 Material Certificates (Annex I-§4.3 of the PED)

All materials shall have documentation, issued by the Material Manufacturer, which confirms compliance
with an appropriate material specification. Where the component is a main pressure part of equipment in
Category II, III, or IV, this documentation shall be a Certificate of specific product control, e. g. , EN 1 0204,
Type 3 . 1 . Certificates of Conformity (e. g. , Type 2. 2) are acceptable only for pressure equipment in
Category I.
8.6 Material Manufacturers

Material certificates issued by Material Manufacturers that hold certification, issued by a European
Accredited Certification B ody, can be presumed by the Pressure Equipment Manufacturer to comply with
the relevant material ES R.
Where the Material Manufacturer does not have such certification, its certificates are not presumed to
comply with the relevant requirements and, therefore, it is up to the Pressure Equipment Manufacturer to
determine if the certificate is acceptable or if independent inspection is required.
convince the NB that the Material Manufacturer’s certificates are

The Pressure Equipment
Manufacturer may also need to
acceptable. Direct inspection by a Competent B ody, appointed by the Pressure Equipment Manufacturer,
is an appropriate route. An alternative to the quality system certification of the manufacturer is Type 3 . 2
certification of conformance.
There are two options for Manufacturers with IS O 9001 Certification without a Legal Entity in the EU:
(a) Annex I, paragraph 4. 3 assessment by Notified B ody
(b) Type 3 . 2 certification.
35
9 NOTIFIED BODIES (ARTICLE 24 OF THE PED)

(a) The PED provides for the involvement of an NB to assess the conformity of the Equipment to the
requirements of the PED.
(b) These NB s shall comply with various requirements in terms of technical competence, organization,
independence, etc. (S ee PED, Article 24).
They are designated by the official authorities of each Member S tate, who notify the references of these
bodies to the Commission of the EC. The Commission publishes the list of the NB in the OJEU.
(a) The Manufacturer may select any of the NB from this list.
(b) According to the PED, the approval of permanent j oining procedures, j oint operators (particularly
welders) and NDT operators may also be performed by RTPOs (PED Article 24); however, an
NDT examiner may only be qualified by the RTPOs.
These entities shall comply with criteria similar to those of the NB .
36
10 CE MARKING (ARTICLE 1 8, ARTICLE 1 9, OF THE PED)

(a) The CE Marking is the visual symbol affixed on an Equipment placed on the EU market. It attests
that the Equipment complies with all the provisions of the PED (Article 1 2). This marking allows
the free movement of the Equipment in the territory of the EU.
(b) The CE Marking is affixed by the Manufacturer, who takes in this way the responsibility to declare
that the Equipment complies with the requirements of the Directive.
(c) A product may be subj ect simultaneously to various New Approach Directives. Thus, a piece of
Equipment might be subj ect to the Machinery Directive if it is made of mobile parts, to the Low
Voltage Directive if electrical energy is involved, etc.
In such cases, a single CE Marking must be affixed, which attests the compliance with all applicable
Directives. It is therefore the responsibility of the Manufacturer to verify the list of Directives to which the
equipment may be subj ected.
The size of the CE Marking shall meet certain rules (see Article 3 0 of EC Regulation no. 765 / 2008 ).
37
11 SPECIFIC ISSUES
1 1 .1 Assemblies (Article 6, Article 1 2 of the PED)
(a) PED covers also Assemblies, which are defined in the PED (Article 2- §6) as “several pieces of
Pressure Equipment assembled by a Manufacturer to constitute an integrated and functional
whole.” Typical examples are pressure-cookers and boilers. Two cases are possible:
(1 ) If the Manufacturer of an assembly intends to place it on the European Market and put it into
service as an assembly (and not in the form of its constituent non-assembled elements), that
assembly shall comply with the PED.
(2) If the assembly of Pressure Equipment is performed by the user on its site and under its
responsibility (as in the case of industrial installations), that assembling operation is outside
the scope of the PED.
(b) The following requirements apply:
(1 ) Assemblies including at least a Pressure Equipment above the thresholds shall comply with the
ES R (Article 4-§ 2 of the PED).
(2) Assessment of the integration of the various Equipment of the assembly is determined by the
highest Category of its Equipment, ignoring S afety Accessories. Design shall be conducted as
stated in Annex I-§ 2. 8 of the PED.
(c) Clauses of PED dealing with assemblies:
(1 ) Article 2-§ 6: Definition
(2) Article 4-§ 2(a): B oilers
(3) Article 1 4-§ 6: CA
(4) Article 1 9-§ 3 : CE Marking
(5) Annex I-§ 2. 8 : Design
(6) Annex I-§ 3 . 2. 3 : Inspection of S afety Devices.
1 1 .2 User Inspectorates (Article 25 of the PED)

(a) Member S tates may authorize in their territory the placing on the market, and the putting into
service by Users, of Pressure Equipment whose conformity with the essential requirements has
been assessed by a User Inspectorate (Article 1 6-§ 1 of the PED).
(b) Tasks and responsibilities of an NB may be transferred to a User Inspectorate under the following
conditions.
(1 ) the User Inspectorate has been designated by one of the Member S tates (Article 1 6-§ 6 and 7 of
the PED)
(2) the Equipment must be assessed according to one of the following modules: A2, C2, F, or G
(Article 1 6-§ 5 of the PED)
(3) the User Inspectorate shall act exclusively for the organization of which he or she is part
(c) The consequences are as follows.
(1 ) the Equipment so assessed shall not bear the CE Marking (Article 1 6 -§ 2 of the PED)
(2) the Equipment may be used only in establishments operated by the group of which the User
Inspectorate is part (Article 1 6-§ 3 of the PED)
1 1 .3 Specific Cases
The following specific cases do not follow the general rules of the PED and the User should refer to the
concerned Articles of the PED.
(a) Heat exchangers consisting of pipes for the purpose of cooling or heating air. (S ee Article 1 -§ 2(f)
of the PED)
(b) Unfired Pressure Vessels and B oilers containing dangerous fluids (Group1 ), classified in Hazard
Category III or IV and assessed by QA procedures. (S ee Article 1 4-§ 4 of the PED)
38
(c) B oilers of one-off production in Hazard Category III and module H. (S ee Article 1 4-§ 5 of the
PED)
(d) Vessels containing a dangerous unstable gas in Hazard Category I or II. (S ee Annex II, Table 2 of
the PED)
(e) Piping containing a dangerous unstable gas in Hazard Category I or II. (S ee Annex II, Table 6 of
the PED)
(f) Portable extinguishers and bottles for B reathing Equipment. (S ee Annex II, Table 2 of the PED)
(g) Pressure- cookers. (S ee Annex II, Table 5 of the PED)
(h) Piping containing gas at T <3 5 0° C, in Hazard Category II. (S ee Annex II, Table 7 of the PED)
1 1 .4 Manufacturer’s Responsibility
(a) The PED lays down definitions and responsibilities for the Manufacturer, the Authorized Inspector
(AI), the NB , the Importer, and the Distributor.
In the New Legislative Framework (the New Approach) , “the Manufacturer is the person who is responsible
for designing and manufacturing a product with a view of placing it on the European Market o n his behalf.”
This definition, means that the Manufacturer is fully responsible for the design of the Pressure Equipment.
There is no allowance made for sharing the responsibility with the User or an engineering contractor or
designer.
The Manufacturer can subcontract the Design but will remain fully responsible for the Pressure Equipment
when placed on the market or put into service in Europe.
(b) The responsibility of the Manufacturer appears explicitly in the PED at the following clauses:
(1 ) Article 6, Obligations of Manufacturers : “the CA Procedures of Annex III, at its choice. ”

(2) Annex I, Preliminary Observations, §3 : “The Manufacturer is under an obligation to analyze
the hazards and risks in order to identify those which apply to his Equipment on account of
pressure; he shall then design and construct it taking account of his analysis.”
(3) Annex I-§1 (General) : shows the responsibility of the Manufacturer pertaining to design and
manufacture the construction of his Equipment.
(4) Annex I-§2 (Design) : shows the responsibility of the Manufacture pertaining to the Design of
his Equipment.
(5) Annex I-§3 (Manufacturing): The manufacturer is responsible for selecting the appropriate
conformity procedure and the documentation.
(6) Annex I-§4 (Materials) : “Materials used for the manufacture for the Equipment shall be suitable
for such application during the scheduled lifetime.”
(7) Annex III (CA Procedures) : Whatever are the CA Procedures selected by the Manufacturer, its
responsibilities are as follows:
(8) More details on the Manufacturer’ s responsibility is given in Appendix H of this Guide, which
covers the following items.
(i) responsibility of the Manufacturer
(ii) p l ac i n g o n th e marke t an d p u tti n g i n to service
(c) The Manufacturer is also responsible to ensure its product complies with the obligations of all
Directives which apply to it. The Manufacturer shall affix the CE Marking to each Pressure
Equipment. B y affixing the CE Marking, the Manufacturer officially declares that its product
complies with all relevant Directives.
39
1 1 .5 Operating Instructions
When pressure equipment is placed on the market, it shall be accompanied, as far as relevant, by instructions
for the user, containing all the necessary safety information relating to:
(a) information as affixed to the equipment and required by Annex I, § 3 . 3 of the PED (Marking and
Labeling) with the exception of serial identification
(b) necessary safety information (see Annex I, § 3 . 4 of the PED) relating to
(1 ) mounting, including assembling of different pieces of pressure equipment
(2) putting into service
(3) use
(4) maintenance, including checks by the user
(5) drawings necessary for a full understanding of the information, if applicable
(c) In particular, this information shall include the elements of the design files used for the in -service
verification or for eventual modifications or repairs, such as materials nature, minimal design
thicknesses, corrosion allowance, j oints coefficients.
Where appropriate, this information shall be accompanied by the technical documents for a full
understanding of this information and instructions.
Furthermore, for all the modules, a Declaration of Conformity (see Annex VII of the PED) is established
by the Manufacturer and for modules F and G, a Certificate of Conformity is established by the NB .
The Directive does not specify that these two documents shall be given with the equipment but they can
be furnished on request.
40
12 COMPARISON OF ASME AND PED REQUIREMENTS

Figure 1 2-1 : Comparison of ASME Section I Requirements with PED 201 4/68/EU, Annex I
PED REQUIREMENTS RELATED ASME SECTION I REQUIREMENTS
ANNEX I YES, ADDITIONAL

PED ESSENTIAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS COMMENTS NONE, CODE REF. COMMENTS CONSIDERATION
PAR. (ESR) PARTIAL S FOR PED,
ANNEX 1
1 2 4 5 6 7 8
1
PRELIMINARY OB S ERVATIONS
1. The obligations arising from the essential S ee Art. 2, Point 6 for Yes PG-1 1 S ect. I covers the
requirements listed in this annex for pressure definition of “assemblies” PG-5 8 complete boiler
equipment also apply to assemblies where the PG-5 9 assembly,
corresponding hazard exists. PG-60 including piping,
PG-67 appurtenances,
PG-68 and safety relief
PG-71 devices
2. The essential requirements laid down in the Informative statement
directive are compulsory. The obligations laid
down in these essential requirements apply only
if the corresponding hazard exists for the pressure
equipment in question when it is used under the
conditions that are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer.
3. The manufacturer is under an obligation to None S ect. I does not Note 1
analyze the hazards and risks in order to identify require hazard
those which apply to his equipment on account of analysis.
pressure;
He shall then design and construct it taking None Note 2
account of his analysis.
4. The general requirements are to be interpreted
and applied in such a way as to take account of Informative statement Yes Foreword, Note A
the state of the art and current practice at the time Preamble
of design and manufacture as well as of technical
and economic considerations that are consistent
with a high degree of health and safety
protection.
41

ANNEX 1
1. GENERAL
1 .1 Pressure equipment must be designed, Partial S ect. I, Note B Note 3 ,
manufactured, and checked and, if applicable, Foreword Note 4
equipped and installed in such a way as to ensure
its safety when put into service in accordance
with the manufacturer’ s instructions, or in
reasonably foreseeable conditions.
1 .2 In choosing the most appropriate solutions, the Partial
manufacturer shall comply with the principles set
out below in the following order:
a) Eliminate or reduce hazards as far as is Hazards during operation of Yes Note 5
reasonably practicable the vessel
b) Apply appropriate protection measures against Pressure relief devices, Yes PG-67
hazards that cannot be eliminated temperature controls, low- through PG-
water cutoffs, etc. 73 , PMB -1 7
& PEB -1 6
c) Where appropriate, inform users of residual None
hazards and indicate whether it is necessary to
take appropriate special measures to reduce
risks at the time of installation and/or use.
1 .3 Where the potential for misuse is known or can Yes PG-60, Note 6
be clearly foreseen, the pressure equipment shall PG-61
be designed to prevent danger from such misuse
or,
If that is not possible, adequate warning (must be) Partial Note B
given that the pressure equipment must not be
used in that way.
42

ANNEX 1
2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2. DES IGN
2. 1 General
The pressure equipment shall be properly Partial PG-1 6, PG- Note C Note 4
designed taking all relevant factors into account 23 through
in order to ensure that the equipment will be safe PG-3 8 , PG-
throughout its intended life. 43 , PG-46,
PG-5 2, PG-
5 3 and PW-9
The design shall incorporate appropriate safety (The PED does not define Yes S ee above Note D
coefficients using comprehensive methods such how this is to be
as are known to incorporate adequate safety accomplished in a
margins against all relevant failure modes in a “consistent manner. ”)
consistent manner.
2. 2 Design for Adequate S trength
2. 2. 1 The pressure equipment shall be designed for Partial PG-22
loadings appropriate to its intended use and other
reasonably foreseeable operating conditions. In
particular, the following factors shall be taken
into account:
a) Internal/external pressure, Yes PG-27
b) Ambient and operational temperatures, Yes PG-21 and
PG-27
c) S tatic pressure and mass of contents in Yes PG-22. 1
operating and in test conditions,
d) Traffic, wind, earthquake loading, Partial PG-22. 1 Except traffic.
e) Reaction forces and moments that result from Yes PG-22. 2,
the supports, attachments, piping, etc. B 3 1 . 1 S ect.
119
f) Corrosion and erosion, fatigue, etc. Partial PG-27. 4, S ect. I addresses
Note 3 , B 3 1 . 1 need, not how to
§ 1 02. 4 analyze
g) Decomposition of unstable fluids. None Note E Note 7
43

ANNEX 1
h) Various loadings that can occur at the same Yes PG-22, B 3 1 . 1
time shall be considered, taking into account § 1 01 . 5
the probability of their simultaneous
occurrence.
2. 2. 2 Design for adequate strength shall be based on:
1 . as a general rule, a calculation method, as Yes PG-27
described in 2. 2. 3 , and through PG
53,
2. supplemented if necessary by an experimental Partial PG 1 00 Note 8
design method as described in 2. 2. 4, or
3 . an experimental design method without Partial There is no limit
calculation, as described in 2. 2. 4, when the on pressure and
product of the maximum allowable pressure volume in PG
PS and the volume V is less than 6000 bar x 1 00
L, or the product PS x DN less than 3 , 000 bar
2. 2. 3 Calculation method
(a) Pressure containment and other loading
aspects.
The allowable stresses for pressure equipment Yes PG-23
shall be limited having regard to reasonably
foreseeable failure modes under operating
conditions.
To this end, safety factors must be applied to (It is not possible to fully Yes PG-23
eliminate fully any uncertainty arising out of eliminate any uncertainty).
manufacture, actual operational conditions,
stresses, calculation models and the properties
and behavior of the material.
These calculations methods shall provide S ee Fig. 1 2-2: Q1 of this Yes S ect. II, Part
sufficient safety margins consistent, where Guide D, App. 1
applicable, with the requirements of S ect. 7.
The requirements set out above may be met by
applying one of the following methods, as
appropriate, if necessary as a supplement to or
in combination with another method:
(1 ) design by formula Yes PG-27 to PG-
53
44

ANNEX 1
(2) design by analysis Partial
(3) design by fracture mechanics Not applicable
(b) Resistance Yes
Appropriate design calculations shall be used
to establish the resistance of the pressure
equipment concerned.
In particular:
(1 ) the calculation pressures shall not be less Yes PG-21
than the maximum allowable pressures
and take into account static head, and Yes PG-22. 1
dynamic fluid pressures; and Yes
the decomposition of unstable fluids. None Note E Note 7
Where a vessel is separated into individual Yes PG-1 6. 2
pressure-containing chambers, the partition
wall shall be designed on the basis of the
highest possible chamber pressure relative
to the lowest pressure possible in the
adj oining chamber.
(2) the calculation temperatures shall allow for Yes PG-21 ,
appropriate safety margins, Note 9
(3) the design shall take appropriate account Yes PG-21 , Note
of all possible combinations of temperature 9, PG 27-4,
and pressure which might arise under Note 2
reasonably foreseeable operating
conditions for the equipment
(4) the maximum stress and peak stress Yes PG-22,
combinations must be kept within safe PG-23
limits.
(5) the calculation for pressure containment Yes PG-23 and
shall utilize the values appropriate to the S ect. II, Part
properties of the material, based on the D, App. 1
documented data, having regard to the S ee Fig 7-1 of this Guide Yes
provisions set out in Point 4 together with for the PED design factors
the appropriate safety factors.
45

ANNEX 1
Materials characteristics to be considered, Partial
where applicable, include:
(a) yield strength, 0. 2% or 1 . 0% proof Yes PG-5 , PG-23
strength as appropriate at the calculation
temperature,
(b) tensile strength, Yes PG-23 and
S ect. II, Part
D, App. 1
(c) time-dependent strength, i. e. creep Partial PG-23 and Note I
strength, S ect. II, Part
D, App. 5
(d) fatigue data, Partial PG-22 Note F
(e) Young’s modulus (modulus of Yes S ect. II, Part
elasticity), D, App. 5
(f) appropriate amount of plastic Partial Note G Note 9
strain,
(g) impact strength, None Note 3 3
(h) fracture toughness, None Note 3 3
(6) appropriate j oint facts shall be applied to S ee 7. 2. 1 . 4 of this Guide Partial PG-27. 4, Note H
the materials properties depending, for Note 1 , PW-
example, on the type of NDT, the materials 1 1 and PW-
j oined an the operating conditions 41
envisaged,
(7) the design shall take appropriate account Yes PG-22, PG- Note I
of all reasonably foreseeable degradation 23 , PG-27
mechanisms (e. g. corrosion, creep, fatigue) Note 3 and
commensurate with the intended use of the S ect. II, Part
equipment. D, App. 6
Attention shall be drawn, in the instructions Note 3
referred to in Point 3 . 4, to particular features
of the design which is relevant to the life of
the equipment, for example:
(a) for creep; design hours of operation at Partial Note I Note 1 0
specified temperatures,
(b) for fatigue: design number of cycles at Partial Note J Note 1 0
the specified stress levels,
46

ANNEX 1
(c) for corrosion: design corrosion None Note K
allowance;
(d) S tability Aspects
Where the calculated thickness does not allow Yes PG-22
for adequate structural stability,
the necessary measures shall be taken to Including transport of Partial PG-5 5 Note L Note 1 1
remedy the situation taking into account the original vessel
risks from transport and handling.
2. 2. 4 Experimental design method
The design of the equipment may be validated, in Yes App. A-22
all or in part, by an appropriate test program
carried out on a sample representative of the
equipment or the category of equipment.
The test program shall be clearly defined prior to None Note M Note 1 2
testing and accepted by the notified body
responsible for the design CA module, where it
exists.
This program shall define test conditions and Yes App. A-22. 1 0
criteria for acceptance or refusal. and PG
91 . 1 . 5
The actual values of the essential dimensions and Yes App. A-
characteristics of the materials, which constitute 22. 1 1 . 3
the equipment tested, shall be measured before
the test.
Where appropriate, during tests, it shall be Yes App. A-
possible to observe the critical zones of the 22. 1 1 . 1
pressure equipment with adequate
instrumentation capable of registering strains and
stresses with sufficient precision.
47

ANNEX 1
The test program shall include:
(a) A pressure strength test, the purpose of which Yes App. A-22 Notes N, O
is to check that, at a pressure with a defined
safety margin in relation to the maximum
allowable pressure, the equipment does not
exhibit sufficient leaks or deterioration
exceeding a determined threshold.
The test pressure shall be determined on the Yes App. A-22
basis of the differences between the values of
the geometrical and material characteristics
measures under test conditions and the values
used for design purposes;
it shall take into account the differences Yes App. A-22 Note P
between the test and design temperatures;
(b) Where the risk of creep or fatigue exists, None Note J Note 8
appropriate tests determined on the basis of
the service conditions laid down for the
equipment, for instance, hold time at specified
temperatures, number of cycles at specified
stress-levels, etc. ;
(c) Where necessary, additional tests concerning None Note 8
other factors referred to in 2. 2. 1 such as
corrosion, external damage, etc.
2. 3 Provisions to ensure safe handling and operation
The method of operation specified for pressure None Note Q Note 1 3
equipment shall be such as to preclude any
reasonable foreseeable risk in operation of the
equipment. Particular attention shall be paid,
where appropriate, to:
a) closures and opening; Partial PG-3 2
through PG-
44, PFT-43 ,
PWT-1 4
48

ANNEX 1
b) dangerous discharge of pressure relief blow- Partial B 3 1 . 1 , App.
off II
c) devices to prevent physical access while None
pressure or vacuum exists,
d) surface temperature taking into consideration None
the intended use
e) decomposition of unstable fluids. None
In particular, pressure equipment fitted with an Partial PWT-1 4 Note R Note 1 4
access door shall be equipped with an automatic
or manual device enabling the user easily “to

ascertain that the opening will not present any
risk”.
Furthermore, where the opening can be operated N/A B oilers are
quickly, the pressure equipment shall be fitted typically not
with a device to prevent it being opened fitted with quick-
whenever the pressure or temperature of the fluid actuating
presents a risk. closures
2. 4 Means of examination
Implied, but rules
(a) Pressure equipment shall be designed and Partial Part PG, Part are not given for
constructed so that all necessary examinations PW inspection stubs,
to ensure safety can be carried out; etc.
(b) Means of determining the internal condition Yes PG-44, PWT- Note S
of the equipment shall be available, where it is 1 4, and PFT-
necessary to ensure the continued safety of the 43
equipment, such as access openings allowing
physical access to the inside of the pressure
equipment so that appropriate examinations
can be carried out safely and ergonomically;
(c) Other means of ensuring the safe condition of Yes PG-44 Handholes are
the pressure equipment may be applied in any required
of the following situations :
(1 ) where it is too small for physical Yes
internal access, or
49

ANNEX 1
(2) where opening the pressure equipment N/A Does not apply to Note 1 5
would adversely affect the inside, or boilers
(3) where the substance contained has been N/A S ect. I requires
shown not to be harmful to the material all boilers to have
from which the pressure equipment is inspection
made and no other internal degradation openings
mechanisms are reasonably foreseeable.
2. 5 Means of draining and venting
Adequate means shall be provided for draining Yes PG-5 9. 4 and Note T Note 1 6
and venting of pressure equipment where B31 .1
necessary: § 1 22. 1 . 5
a) to avoid harmful effects such as water Yes PG-5 9. 1 Note U
hammer, vacuum collapse, corrosion and Note V
uncontrolled chemical reactions.
b) All stages of operations and testing, Yes PG-5 9. 4 Ample drains are
particularly pressure testing, shall be required for all
considered, boiler
components
c) to permit cleaning, inspection, and Yes PG-5 9. 3 and B lowoff
maintenance in a safe manner. PG-5 9. 4 connections are
required
2. 6 Corrosion or other chemical attack
Where necessary, adequate allowance or Partial PG-5 . 5 , Note Note 1 7
protection against corrosion or other chemical 1 , PG-27. 4,
attack shall be provided, taking due account of Note 3
the intended and reasonably foreseeable use.
2. 7 Wear
Where severe conditions of erosion or abrasion Partial B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4 Note W Note 1 8
may arise, adequate measures shall be taken to:
a) minimize the effect by appropriate design, e. g. Partial B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4
additional material thickness, or by the use of
liners or cladding materials,
50

ANNEX 1
b) permit replacement of parts which are most Partial B oiler
affected, components such
as piping and
tubing are
accessible for
replacement
c) draw attention, in the instructions referred to None Note B Note 3
in Point 3 . 4, to measures necessary for
continued safe use.
2. 8 Assemblies
Assemblies shall be so designed that: Note X Note 1 9
a) the components to be assembled together are Yes Part PG and
suitable and reliable for their duty, Part PW
b) all the components are properly integrated and Yes
assembled in an appropriate manner.
2. 9 Provisions for filling and discharge
Where appropriate, the pressure equipment shall N/A Note Y
be so designed and provided with accessories, or
provisions made for their fitting, as to ensure safe
filling and discharge in particular with respect to
hazards such as:
(a) on filling:
1. overfilling or over pressurization having N/A Note Y
regard in particular to the filling ratio and
to vapor pressure at the reference
temperature
2. instability of the pressure equipment N/A
(b) on discharge: the uncontrolled release of the N/A
pressurized fluid;
(c) on filling or discharge: unsafe connection and N/A
disconnection.
SAFETY DEVICES REQUIREMENTS
51

ANNEX 1
2. 1 0 Protection against exceeding the allowable limits
of pressure equipment
Where under reasonably foreseeable conditions, Yes PG-67
the allowable limits could be exceeded, the through PG-
pressure equipment shall be fitted with, or 73
provisions made for the fitting of, suitable
protective devices, within an assembly.
The suitable device or combination of such Yes PG-67
devices shall be determined on the basis of the through PG-
particular characteristics of the equipment or 73
assembly.
S uitable protective devices and combinations
thereof comprise:
(a) safety accessories as defined in Article 2, Yes PG-67
Point 4; through PG-
73
(b) where appropriate, adequate monitoring Yes PG-60. 1 , PG- Note Z Note 20
devices such as indicators and/or alarms 60. 2, PG
which enable adequate action to be taken 60. 6, PFT-47,
either automatically or manually to keep the PMB -1 3 ,
pressure equipment within the allowable PMB -1 7,
limits. PEB -1 3 , and
PEB -1 6
2. 1 1 S afety accessories
2. 1 1 . 1 S afety accessories shall:
a) be so designed and constructed as to be Yes PG-67
reliable and suitable for their intended duty through PG-
and take into account the maintenance and 73
testing requirements of the devices, where
applicable,
52

ANNEX 1
b) be independent of other functions, unless their Yes PG-71 and
safety function cannot be affected by such PVG-1 2. 3 . 4
other functions,
c) comply with the appropriate design principles Yes PG-60. 3 , PG- Note AA Note 21
in order to obtain suitable and reliable 61
protection. These principles include, in
particular, fail-safe modes, redundancy,
diversity, and self-diagnosis.
2. 1 1 . 2 Pressure limiting devices
The devices shall be so designed that the pressure Pressure surge is limited to Yes PG-67
will not permanently exceed the maximum 1 0% by in 7. 3 of the PED.
allowable pressure PS ;
however, a short duration pressure surge in
keeping with the specifications laid down in Point
7. 3 is allowable, where appropriate.
2. 1 1 . 3 Temperature monitoring devices
These devices shall have an adequate response Partial PEB -1 6 Note B B Note 22
time on safety grounds, consistent with the
measurement function.
2. 1 2 External fire
Where necessary, pressure equipment shall be so N/A Intended for
designed and, where appropriate, fitted with pressure vessels
suitable accessories, or provision made for their
fitting, to meet damage-limitation requirements in
the event of external fire, having particular regard
to the intended use.
FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
3 MANUFACTURING
53

ANNEX 1
3.1 Manufacturing procedures
The manufacturer shall ensure the competent Yes PG-75
execution of the provisions set out at the design through PG-
stage by applying the appropriate techniques and 82
relevant procedures, especially with the view to
the aspects set out below.
3.1 .1 Preparation of the component parts
Preparation of the component parts (e. g. , forming Yes PG-1 1 , PG-
and chamfering) shall not give rise to defects or 75 through
cracks or changes in the mechanical PG-8 2, PW-
characteristics likely to be detrimental to the 29, and PW-
safety of the pressure equipment. 33
3.1 .2 Permanent j oining
Permanent j oints and adj acent zones shall be free Yes PW-29 and
of any surface or internal defects detrimental to PW-3 3
the safety of the equipment.
The properties of permanent j oints shall meet the Yes PW-5 . 4 and Note CC
minimum properties specified for the materials to PW-28
be j oined unless other relevant property values
are specifically taken into account in the design.
For pressure equipment, permanent j oining of PW-28
components which contribute to the pressure
resistance of the equipment and
components which are directly attached to them
shall be carried out by suitably qualified
personnel according to suitable operating
procedures.
54

ANNEX 1
For pressure equipment in categories II, III, and
IV, operating procedures and personnel shall be
approved by a competent third party which, at the
manufacturer’s discretion, may be:

(a) a notified body, S ee harmonized standard None Note 23
EN IS O 1 5 607 for welding
procedure qualifications
(b) A third party organization recognized None
by a Member S tate as provided in Article 20.
To carry out these approvals the third party shall None Note 24
perform examinations and tests as set out in the
appropriate harmonized standards or
equivalent examinations and tests or Partial PW-28
must have them performed. Partial PW-28
3.1 .3 Non-destructive tests
For pressure equipment, non-destructive tests of Yes PW-5 1 and Note 25
permanent j oints shall be carried out by suitable PW-5 2
qualified personnel.
For pressure equipment in categories III and IV Partial
the personnel shall be approved by a third party
organization recognized by a Member S tate
pursuant to Article 20.
3.1 .4 Heat treatment
Where there is a risk that the manufacturing Yes PW-3 8 and
process will change the material properties to an PW-3 9
extent which would impair the safety of the
pressure equipment, suitable heat treatment shall
be applied at the appropriate stage of
manufacture.
55

ANNEX 1
3.1 .5 Traceability
S uitable procedures shall be established and Yes PG-77, PG-
maintained for identifying the material making up 90. 1 . 6, PG-
the components of the equipment which 90. 1 . 7, and
contribute to pressure resistance by suitable App. 3 02. 4
means from receipt, through production, up to the
final test of the manufactured pressure
equipment.
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS
3.2 Final assessment
Pressure equipment shall be subj ected to final Final inspection plus proof
assessment as described below: test
3 . 2. 1 Final inspection
Pressure equipment shall undergo a final Yes PG-90. 1 . 1 3 , Note 26
inspection to assess visually and PG-99. 2
by examination of the accompanying documents Partial PG-90, PG-
compliance with the requirements of the 1 1 21 and
Directive. Tests carried out during manufacture App. A-3 5 0
may be taken into account through A-
357
As far as is necessary on safety grounds, the final Yes PG-90, PG-
inspection shall be carried out internally and 93
externally on every part of the equipment, where
appropriate in the course of manufacture (e. g.
where examination during the final inspection is
no longer possible).
3 . 2. 2 Proof test
56

ANNEX 1
Final assessment of pressure equipment shall Yes PG-99 Note DD
include a test for the pressure containment aspect,
which will normally take the form hydrostatic
pressure test at a pressure at least equal, where
appropriate, to the value laid down in Point 7. 4.
For category I series produced equipment, this N/A S ect. I has no
test may be performed on a statistical basis. provisions for
series produced
boilers
Where the hydrostatic pressure test is harmful or Yes B 3 1 . 1 S ect. B 3 1 . 1 allows for
impractical, other tests of a recognized value may 1 37 alternatives to
be carried out. For test other than the hydrostatic hydro testing,
pressure test, additional measures, such as non- S ect. I does not.
destructive tests or other methods of equivalent
validity, shall be applied before those tests are
carried out.
3 . 2. 3 Inspection of safety devices Yes PG-90. 1 . 1 4, Note Z
PG-90. 1 . 1 5 ,
For assemblies, the final assessment shall also and PG-
include a check of the safety devices intended to 1 1 2. 2. 8
check full compliance with the requirements
referred to in Point 2. 1 0.
3.3 Marking and labeling
In addition to the CE marking referred to in This can be on
Articles 1 8 & 1 9 and the information to be one or more
provided in accordance with Article 6(6) and nameplates.
Article 8 (3 ) of the PED, the following
information shall be provided:
(a) For all pressure equipment: Yes PG-1 06 Note EE Note 27
1 . the name and address or other means of through PG-
identification of the manufacturer and, where 111
appropriate, of his authorized representative
established within the European Community;
57

ANNEX 1
2. The year of manufacture, Yes PG-1 06
through PG-
111
3 . Identification of the pressure equipment Yes PG-1 06. 4. 1 S erial number on
according to its nature, such as type, series or stamping plate.
batch identification and serial number,
4. Essential maximum/minimum allowable Yes PG-1 06. 4. 1
limits;
(b) Depending on the type of pressure equipment, None Generally not Note 27
further information necessary for safe required in S ect.
installation, operation or use and, where I.
applicable, maintenance and periodic
inspection, such as:
1 . the volume V of the pressure equipment in
L,
2. the nominal size for piping DN,
3 . the test pressure PT applied in bar and date,
4. safety device set pressure in bar,
5 . output of the pressure equipment in kW,
6. supply voltage in V (volts),
7. intended use,
8 . filling ration kg/L,
9. maximum filling mass in kg,
1 0. tare mass in kg,
11. the fluid group;
(c) where necessary, warnings fixed to the None Not included in Note 28
pressure equipment drawing attention to S ect. I
misuse which experience has shown might requirements.
occur.
58

ANNEX 1
The information referred to in Points a, b, and c Partial PG-1 06 S ect. I does not Note 29
of Annex I shall be given on the pressure cover CE
equipment or on a data plate firmly attached to it, marking.
with the following exceptions:
1 . where applicable, appropriate documents may Yes PG-1 06. 8 . 2
be used to avoid repetitive marking of and PG-1 09
individual parts such as piping components,
intended for the same assembly. This applies
to CE marking and other marking and labeling
referred to in this Annex;
2. where the pressure equipment is too small, Yes PG-1 06. 8 . 2
e. g. , accessories, the information referred to in
(b) may be given on a label attached to that
pressure equipment;
3 . labeling or other adequate means may be used None Refers to the
for the mass to be filled and the warnings permanence of
referred to in (c), provided it remains legible warnings affixed
for the appropriate period of time. to the boiler
3.4 Operating instructions None Note B Note 3
(a) When pressure equipment is placed on the
market, it shall be accompanied, as far as
relevant, with instructions for the user,
containing all the necessary safety information
relating to:
1 . mounting including assembling of different
pieces of pressure equipment,
2. putting into service,
3 . use,
4. maintenance including checks by the user.
(b) Instructions shall cover information affixed to
the pressure equipment in accordance with
Point 3 . 3 , with the exception of serial
identification, and
59

ANNEX 1
shall be accompanied, where appropriate,
B y the technical documents,
drawings, and diagrams necessary for a full
understanding of these instructions;
(c) If appropriate, these instructions must also
refer to hazards
arising from misuse in accordance with Point
1 . 3 and particular features of the design in
accordance with Point 2. 2. 3 .
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
4. MATERIALS
Materials used for the manufacture of pressure Yes PG-5 , PG-1 2,
equipment must be suitable for such application S ect. II, App. Note 3 0
during the scheduled lifetime unless replacement 6.
is foreseen.
Welding consumables and other j oining materials Yes PW-5 . 4, S ect. Note 3 1
need fulfill only the relevant requirements of II, Part C.
Points 4. 1 and 4. 2(a), and the first paragraph of
Point 4. 3 , in an appropriate way, both
individually and in a j oined structure.
4. 1 Materials for pressurized parts must: Partial
(a) Have appropriate properties for all operating As general rules, with the Partial PG-5 through Note 3 2
conditions which option of providing an PG-1 2, S ect.
are reasonably foreseeable and for all test equivalent overall level of Partial II, Parts A, B ,
conditions, and in particular they should be safety. C, D.
sufficiently ductile
and tough. Partial Note 3 3
Where appropriate, the characteristics of the S ee PED S ect. 7. 5 Partial PG-5 through For S ect. I Note 3 4
materials shall comply with the requirements PG-1 2 applications,
of Point 7. 5 . brittle-type
fracture is not a
60

ANNEX 1
Moreover, due care should be exercised in Partial S ect. II, Parts significant failure
particular in selecting materials in order to A, B , C, D. mode.
prevent brittle-type fracture where necessary;
where for specific reasons brittle material has Yes PG-8 , PG-1 1
to be used appropriate measures must be
taken;
(b) B e sufficiently chemically resistant to the Partial PG-5 , Note 1 , Note FF Note 3 2
fluid contained in the pressure equipment; PG-6, PG-7,
PG-8 and PG-
the chemical and physical properties necessary Partial S ect. II, Part Note FF
for operational safety shall not be significantly D, App. 5 , 6.
affected within the scheduled lifetime of the
equipment;
(c) Not be significantly affected by aging; Partial S ect. II, Part Note 3 2
D, App. 5 , 6.
(d) B e suitable for the intended processing (Fabrication) Yes PG-6, PG-7,
procedures; PG-8 , PG-9
(e) B e selected in order to avoid significant Yes PW-5 , PW-28
undesirable effects when the various materials and PW-3 9
are put together.
4. 2 The pressure equipment manufacturer shall: Yes S ect. II Part Note 3 2 and 3 4
(a) define in an appropriate manner the values D, App. 1
necessary for the design calculations referred
to in Point 2. 2. 3 and
the essential characteristics of the materials Partial
and
their treatment referred to in Point 4. 1 ; Partial
(b) provide in his technical documentation Note 3 5
elements relating to compliance with the
material specification of the Directive in one
of the following forms:
1 . by using materials which comply with None
harmonized standards
61

ANNEX 1
2. by using materials covered by a European None
approval of pressure equipment materials in
accordance with Article 1 5 ,
3 . by a PMA, Performed by the NB for None
category III and IV vessels
(c) For pressure equipment in categories III and None Note 3 6
IV, particular appraisal as referred to in the
third indent of (b) shall be performed by the
notified body in charge of the CA procedures
for the pressure equipment.
4. 3 The equipment manufacturer shall take Yes PG-77, App.
appropriate measures to ensure that the material A-3 02. 4
used conforms to the required specification.
In particular, documentation prepared by the Yes PG-77, App.
material manufacturer affirming compliance with A-3 02. 4
the specification shall be obtained for all
materials.
For the main pressure bearing parts of equipment Partial PG-77, App. Note 3 7
in categories II, III, and IV, this shall take the A-3 02. 4
form of certificate of specific product control.
Where a material manufacturer has an appropriate None Note 3 8
quality-assurance system, certified by a
competent body established within the
Community and having undergone a specific
assessment for materials, certificates issued by
the manufacturer are presumed to certify
conformity with relevant requirements of this
section.
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR HEATED

PRESSURE VESSELS
S PECIFIC PRES S URE EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS
62

ANNEX 1
In addition to the applicable requirements of
Points 1 to 4, the following requirements apply to
the pressure equipment covered by Points 5 and
6.
5 FIRED OR OTHERWIS E HEATED PRES S URE Note HH
EQUIPMENT WITH RIS K OF
OVERHEATING AS REFERRED TO IN
ARTICLE 4(1 )
This pressure equipment includes: S cope statement
a) S team and hot water generators as referred to Partial Preamble S ect. I does not
in Article 4(1 )(b), such as fired steam and cover vessels in
hot-water boilers, superheaters and which steam is
reheaters, waste-heat boilers, waste generated for
incineration boilers, electrode or immersion- internal use such
type electrically heated boilers, pressure as pressure
cookers, together with their accessories and cookers.
b) Process heating equipment for other than Partial Preamble Unfired steam
steam and hot water generation falling under boilers can be
Art. 4(1 )(a), such as heaters for chemical and built to either
other similar processes and pressurized food- S ect. I or S ect.
processing equipment. VIII.
This pressure equipment shall be calculated, Yes Part PG
designed, and constructed so as to avoid or to
minimize risks of a significant loss of
containment from overheating.
In particular it must be ensured, where applicable,
that:
(a) appropriate means of protection are provided Yes PG6-60 and
to restrict operating parameters such as heat PG-61
input, heat take-off and, where applicable,
fluid level so as to avoid any risk of local and
general overheating,
63

ANNEX 1
(b) sampling points are provided where required Yes PG-5 9. 3 and
to allow evaluation of the properties of the PG-5 9. 4
fluid so as to avoid risks related to deposits
and/or corrosion.
(c) adequate provisions are made to eliminate Yes PG-5 9. 3
risks of damage from deposits,
(d) safe removal of residual heat after shutdown None Normally provided
are provided, for by boiler
designers
(e) steps are taken to avoid a dangerous None Normally provided
accumulation of ignitable mixtures and for by boiler
combustible substances and air, or flame designers
flowback.
6. PIPING AS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLES Internal and external piping Note II Note 3 9
4. 1 (c) of the PED comprising the complete
boiler system
Design and construction must ensure: Yes PG-27. 2. 2,
PG-5 8
(a) that the risk of overstressing from Yes PG-5 9. 1 . 2;
inadmissible free movement or excessive B 3 1 . 1 § 1 1 9,
forces being produced, e. g. , on flanges, 1 20, 1 21 and
connections, bellows, or hoses, is adequately 1 22. 1 . 1
controlled by means such as support,
constraint, anchoring, alignment, and pre-
tension;
(b) that where there is a possibility of Yes PG-5 8 . 3 . 7
condensation occurring inside pipes for and PG-5 9. 4;
gaseous fluids, means are provided for B31 .1
drainage and removal of deposits from low § ’ s 1 01 . 5. 1

areas to avoid damage from water hammer or and 1 22. 1 . 5
corrosion.
(c) that due consideration is given to the potential Yes PG-5 9. 2;
damage from turbulence and formation of B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4
vortices; the relevant parts of 2. 7 are
applicable;
64

ANNEX 1
(d) that due consideration is given to the risk of Yes PG-5 9. 1 . 2; Note 40
fatigue due to vibrations in pipes; B31 .1
§ 1 01 . 5 . 4 and
App. D
(e) that, where fluids of Group 1 are contained in N/A
the piping, appropriate means are provided to
isolate “take - off” pipes the size of which
represents a significant risk;
(f) that the risk of inadvertent discharge is N/A
minimized; the take-off points must be clearly
marked on the permanent side, indicating the
fluid contained;
(g) that the position and route of underground None Note 41
piping is at least recorded in the technical
documentation to facilitate safe maintenance,
inspection, or repair.
QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS
7. S PECIFIC QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS
FOR CERTAIN PRES S URE EQUIPMENT
The following provisions apply as a general rule. Manufacturer can depart Note 42
However, where they are not applied, including from these quantitative
in cases where materials are not specifically requirements, but it will
referred to and no harmonized standards are have to prove to the NB that
applied, the manufacturer must demonstrate that an equivalent level of safety
appropriate measures have been taken to achieve is achieved.
an equivalent overall level of safety.
This section is an integral part of Annex I. The
provisions laid down in this section supplement
the essential requirements of S ect. 1 to 6 for the
pressure equipment to which they apply.
7. 1 Allowable stresses Note 43
7. 1 . 1 S ymbols
65

ANNEX 1
Re /t, yield limit, indicates the value at the These quantitative
calculation temperature of: requirements have been
reincorporated in the
a) upper flow limit for a material presenting previous sections.
upper and lower flow limits,
b) the 1 . 0% proof strength of austenitic steel and
non-alloyed aluminum
c) the 0. 2% proof strength in other cases.
Rm /20 indicates the minimum value of the ultimate
strength at 20  C
Rm /t designates the ultimate strength at the
calculation temperature.
7. 1 . 2 The permissible general membrane stress for Included in Fig. 1 2-2: Q1 of Yes S ect. II, Part Note GG Note 44
predominantly static loads and for temperatures this Guide D, Table 1 A
outside the range in which creep is significant and App. 1 .
must not exceed the smaller of the following
values, according to the material used:
a) in the case of ferritic steel including
normalized (normalized rolled) steel and
excluding fine grain steel and specially heat-
treated steel, 2/3 of Re /t and 5 /1 2 of Rm /20 ;
b) in the case of austenitic steel:
1. if its elongation after rupture Note 45
exceeds 3 0%, 2/3 of Re /t
2. or, alternatively, and if its
elongation after rupture exceeds
3 5 %, 5 /6 of R e/t, and 1 /3 of Rm /20;
c) in the case of non-alloy or low alloy cast steel,
1 0/1 9 of Re /t and 1 /3 of Rm /20 ;
d) in the case of aluminum, 2/3 of Re /t;
e) in the case of aluminum alloys, excluding
precipitation hardening alloys, 2/3 of R e /t and
5 /1 2 of Rm /20 .
66

ANNEX 1
7. 2 Joint coefficients To be applied as a general Yes PG-27. 4,
rule. Demonstration of an Note 1 , PW-
equivalent overall level of 1 1 and PW-
safety required by Annex I, 41
§ 2. 2. 3 (b).
For welded j oints, the j oint coefficient must not Also included in Fig. 1 2-3 :
exceed the following values: Q2 of this Guide
a) for equipment subj ect to destructive and
nondestructive tests which confirm that the
whole series of j oints show no significant
defects: 1 ,
b) for equipment subj ect to random NDT: 0. 8 5 ,
c) for equipment not subj ect to NDT other than
visual inspection: 0. 7.
If necessary, the type of stress and the mechanical Yes PG-3 9. 6,
and technological properties of the j oint must also PFT-1 2. 2,
be taken into account. and PWT-1 1
7. 3 Pressure limiting devices, particularly for
pressure vessels
The momentary pressure surge referred to in Yes PG-67. 2 PG-67. 2 limits
2. 1 1 . 2 must be kept to 1 0% of the maximum this to 6%.
allowable pressure.
7. 4 Hydrostatic test pressure
For pressure vessels, the hydrostatic test pressure Included in Fig. 1 2-4: Q3 of
referred to in 3 . 2. 2 must be no less than: this Guide.
a) that corresponding to the maximum loading to S ee 7. 2. 1 . 3 . 3 of this Guide. Yes PG-99
which the pressure equipment may be
subj ect in service, taking into account its
maximum allowable pressure and its
maximum allowable temperature, multiplied
by the coefficient 1 . 25, or
b) the maximum allowable pressure multiplied Yes Note DD
by the coefficient 1 . 43 , whichever is the
greater.
67

ANNEX 1
7. 5 Material characteristics
Unless other values are required in accordance Yes Note 3 4
with other criteria that must be taken into
account, a steel is considered as sufficiently
ductile to satisfy 4. 1 (a) if, in a tensile test carried
out by a standard procedure, its elongation after
rupture is no less than 1 4% and
its bending rupture energy measured on an IS O V Partial 27 J is not Note 3 3
test-piece is no less than 27 J, at a temperature no specified in
greater than 20  C but not higher than the lowest AS ME S ection I.
scheduled operating temperature
Note: Any reference to the Code in this table or its notes means AS ME B oiler and Pressure Vessel Code, S ection I.
N/A = not applicable.
68
Notes in Fig. 1 2-1 of this Guide on ASME Section I Requirements

A. AS ME B PVC S ection I (the Code [3 ] ) is based on “design by rule.” It requires the use of the design
rules provided in the Code. Other methods may be used only if no rules are provided in the Code.
B. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not require manufacturers to issue operating instructions or warnings
regarding potential hazards or misuse of pressure equipment. The PED requires the manufacturers to
provide such instructions; see Notes 3 and 4.
C. AS ME B PVC S ection I includes requirements for new construction and therefore only includes
considerations for in-service degradation that can be anticipated by the designer. The user is generally
responsible for operating the equipment within the limits of those considerations, which, although not
a requirement of AS ME B PVC S ection I, are commonly provided to the user by the boiler
manufacturer.
D. S afety factors are built into the AS ME B PVC S ection I allowable design stresses, ligament efficiencies,
j oint efficiencies/NDE requirements, etc. The Code does not include margins for in-service
degradation.
E. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not specifically address decomposition of unstable fluids.
F. AS ME B PVC S ection I recognizes the need for fatigue analysis in cyclic service, but does not have
rules on how to perform fatigue analysis. AS ME B PVC S ection I does require consideration of cyclic
and dynamic loading in design of pressure equipment, if appropriate (PG-22). In base load cases, such
loadings do not exceed the limits given in PG-22 and are not a significant failure mode in power boilers
covered by AS ME B PVC S ection I. For two shift or load following operation, then detailed fatigue
analysis of critical components may be necessary. In these cases, established documented methods
should be used to determine fatigue degradation.
G. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not have a direct limit on plastic strain, but other limits indirectly control
this, such as those defining establishment of allowable stresses in the creep range.
H. AS ME B PVC S ection I requirements take into account experience demonstrating that welded j oints
exempted from NDE by AS ME B PVC S ection I have given safe and reliable service. (PW-1 1 . 1 ). Note
that the j oint factor applied by AS ME B PVC S ection I does not apply to tube welds, where no
volumetric NDE is required by AS ME B PVC S ection I. B ecause the practice in Europe is to perform
1 0% RT on tube welds, some notified bodies may require some percentage of NDE to be performed.
I. Corrosion must be taken into account in AS ME B PVC S ection I by the Code design requirements for
a particular boiler or component (PG-27, 4. 3 ). Creep is taken into account by the Code design basis
for establishing the allowable stresses in the creep range. The Code design in the creep range is based
on average stress to cause rupture in 1 00, 000 hours. That number is intended as a base criterion for
design, and does not imply that the equipment is only intended for use up to 1 0 0, 000 hours, because
AS ME B PVC Section I’ s use of conservative design margins provides for a much longer service life.
This is demonstrated by the successful service history of AS ME B PVC S ection I equipment. Design
hours of operation at specified temperat ures should be based on the manufacturer’ s experience and
calculations.
J. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not require design for specific hours in the creep range, nor specific
number of cycles at specified stress levels. PG-22, requires consideration of cyclic loads in the design
but, because of their low impact on boiler failure modes, only when their magnitude exceeds 1 0% of
the allowable working stress on the component.
K. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not require the design corrosion allowance to be shown on the Data Report
for in-service use. To comply with Annex I, § 2. 6, this information must be provided to the end user in
the operating instructions.
69
L. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not address design for transport or handling loads. However, provisions
are given in PG-5 5 for attachment of supports and attachment lugs to the pressure-retaining boundary.
M. PG-90. 1 . 5 of AS ME B PVC S ection I requires witnessing the tests and approval of the test results by
the AI, but not necessarily acceptance of the test program by the AI prior to testing. All of these
functions would be the responsibility of the NB .
N. AS ME B PVC S ection I Appendix A-22 is written to consider leakage to be failure by rupture. The
threshold for sufficient leaks in the context of the PED is therefore zero.
O. In the context of AS ME B PVC S ection I Appendix A-22, deterioration is defined as excessive strain.
The thresholds for such are defined in Appendix 22.
P. These requirements are included in AS ME B PVC S ection I Appendix A-22. Appendix 22 is
conservative in that the proof test pressures are based on test temperature rather than design
temperature, requiring the application of a higher level of stress.
Q. AS ME B PVC S ection I provides partial coverage of the items listed in Annex I, § 2. 3 . S ee Note 1 3 .
R. AS ME B PVC S ection I only addresses this aspect for firing doors in water tube boilers (PWT-1 4). The
requirements for access doors to be fitted with devices “to ascertain that the opening will not present a
hazard” or to prevent from opening quick opening closures when the pressure or temperature of the
fluid may present a hazard is something that boiler manufacturers already prov ide for. The PED
requires that this practice be documented.
S. AS ME B PVC S ection I provides for inspection openings large enough for physical access to the interior
of the boiler, as well as for handholes when such access is not practical.
T. AS ME B PVC S ection I and B 3 1 . 1 [6] address drains and venting of all boiler and piping components.
U. Water hammer and piping system reactions such as thermal expansion and contraction are addressed in
AS ME B PVC S ection I and B 3 1 . 1 . Uncontrolled chemical reactions are partially addressed in AS ME
B PVC S ection I.
V. AS ME B PVC S ection I does not specifically address vacuum vents as vacuum conditions do not
normally exist in boilers.
W. Erosion is addressed in B 3 1 . 1 , S ect. 1 04.
X. AS ME B PVC S ection I is a system code, so it does address assemblies in its inherent requirements for
various boiler components and how they are connected.
Y. This requirement is primarily aimed at pressure vessels and how they are filled and emptied. AS ME
B PVC Section I does not require accessories “to assure safe filling and discharge” with respect to the
hazards listed in Annex I, § 2. 9, and for the most part, these requirements do not apply to boilers.
Z. AS ME B PVC S ection I has specific requirements for monitoring devices, such as gage glasses, water
level indicators, and low water cutoffs referred to in Annex I § 2. 1 0(b). PG-90. 1 . 1 5 requires the AI to
verify that all required safety accessories are installed in compliance with the requirements of AS ME
B PVC S ection I. Each boiler constructed to AS ME B PVC S ection I must be provided with a copy of
Data Report Form P-7 which records all required safety valves, or for boilers provided with a single
safety valve, this must be documented in the remarks section of Data Report Forms P-2 or P- 3 . S ee
PG-1 1 2. 2. 8 .
AA. Fail-safe modes, redundancy, diversity, and self-diagnosis are addressed in AS ME B PVC S ection
I. S ee Note 21 .
BB. The response time of temperature monitory devices is not specifically addressed in AS ME B PVC
S ection I.
70
CC. AS ME B PVC S ection I requires the minimum tensile properties of the weld metal to meet the
specified minimum tensile properties of the base metal. S ee AS ME B PVC S ection II, Part D, Table
1 A[4] .
DD. AS ME B PVC S ection I, PG-99 requires a hydrotest pressure of 1 . 5 times Maximum Allowable
Working Pressure (MAWP), which exceeds the value given in Annex I, § 7. 4. PG-99. S ection I
also limits the amount of stress on any component in the boiler system.
EE. The AS ME B PVC S ection I requirements for marking of boilers, components , and safety valves
are included in PG-1 06 through PG-1 1 1 . The requirements for Data Reports are included PG-1 1 2,
PG-1 1 3 , and in Appendices A-3 5 0 through A-3 5 7. The name and address of the vessel
manufacturer shall be listed in the Data Reports.
FF. Chemical and physical properties for operational safety are implied in AS ME B PVC S ection I.
S pecific guidance is given in PG-5 .
GG. AS ME B PVC S ection I permits the use of higher design stresses when components are contained
within the boiler setting.
HH. The scope of AS ME B PVC S ection I includes most of the equipment listed, except pressure cookers
where steam is generated for use internal to itself, and some process heating equipment, which may
be built to either AS ME B PVC S ection I or S ection VIII, Division 1 .
II. The PED Annex I, § 6 addresses all types of piping. S ome requirements are not applicable to what
AS ME B PVC S ection I refers to as boiler proper piping. For AS ME B PVC S ection I boilers, the
requirements of AS ME B 3 1 . 1 must also be used for external piping, and the appropriate paragraph
references in B 3 1 . 1 are shown in the Code Reference column of section 1 2 of this Guide.
71
Additional Notes in Fig. 1 2-1 of this Guide on Considerations for Annex I ESR:
GENERAL
Many of the recommendations contained in the following notes address requirements of the PED that are
not specifically covered in AS ME S ection I [3 ] . For the maj ority of these situations, the manufacturer
would be performing these activities in the normal course of equipment design. Included in the guidance
given in the following notes is information on which of those common activities need to be documented for
PED compliance.
1. The manufacturer must perform a hazard analysis in accordance with Article 6, Annex I, Preliminary
Observations 3, and Annex II of the PED [1 ] . Manufacturers of power boilers have always taken the
hazards due to pressure into consideration, but demonstration of compliance with a standard such as
AS ME S ection I has, in the past, been sufficient to demonstrate consideration of such hazards. The
PED requires documentation that all hazards described in Annex II of the PED have been addressed,
regardless of the standard used for design and construction. Typical hazards for pressure containment
that may have to be considered are:
(a) B rittle fracture,
(b) S tress corrosion cracking,
(c) Creep,
(d) Damage during transport or installation,
(e) Rapid release of high pressure fluid,
(f) S pecial operational hazards.
It should be noted that it is a hazard assessment that is specified not a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP),
which is generally associated with a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID).
2. The manufacturer is required to design and construct the pressure equipment to comply with all the
ES R in Annex I. Annex I of the PED does not assign any responsibil ity to “User.” That makes it the
duty of the manufacturer to achieve safety and comply with the ES Rs, or, document that the purchaser
has stipulated certain design considerations or fabrication requirements. For a boiler plant, the
manufacturer is normally the designer and therefore is responsible for all aspects of complying with the
PED. In cases where the design is performed by a separate organization or the utility is carrying out a
maj or modification to existing equipment using a supplier who was no t the original equipment
manufacturer, there is an onus on the utility to ensure that the manufacturer of equipment is given
sufficient information on the operation of the plant to carry out a hazard analysis.
3. The manufacturer shall prepare, as far as relevant, instructions for the User, containing the necessary
safety information listed in PED, Annex I, § 3 . 4. The instructions shall include the following:
(a) Marking and labeling as required by § 3 . 3 of Annex I of the PED,
(b) Installation instructions, including assembling different pieces of pressure equipment,
(c) Putting into service,
(d) Use,
(e) Maintenance, including checks by the User,
(f) Drawings necessary for full understanding of the information, if applicable,
(g) Design information for in-service verification, modification, or repairs,
(h) Warnings to prevent the danger of misuse of the equipment,
(i) Declaration of Conformity.
72
Most manufacturers of pressure equipment provide their customers with some degree of instructions
and service information. On boilers the operation and maintenance manuals normally cover this. The
PED requires that this practice be documented in the language of the country to which the product is
destined, or that which is specified by the purchaser, and that it includes all of the aspects contained in
Annex I , § 3 . 4.
4. The manufacturer must also consider the following specific aspects (not specifically addressed in
AS ME S ection I):
(a) Inform users of residual hazards,
(b) Prevent dangers from foreseeable misuse,
(c) Take into account foreseeable degradation mechanisms,
(d) Ensure safety throughout the intended life of the pressure equipment.
A checklist on the hazard assessment is beneficial. It should be noted that this is not a full hazard
analysis that includes the likelihood and consequences of failure. Again, most manufacturers who
construct to AS ME B PVC S ection I provide their customers with this type of information. The PED
requires that this practice be documented in the language of the country to which the product is destined,
or that which is specified by the purchaser.
5. The manufacturer must:
(a) Eliminate or reduce hazards as far as it is reasonably possible,
(b) Apply appropriate protection measures against hazards that cannot be eliminated,
(c) Where appropriate, inform users of any residual hazards and any additional meas ures to be taken
to reduce risks during installation and/or use.
Consultation with the NB , considering the provisions of AS ME S ection I and its long -standing history
of providing for safe operation throughout the boiler’ s intended life, will provide for th e first two
aspects. The third aspect is not covered by AS ME S ection I, but is something that manufacturers may
already be providing to their customers and which will become routine whenever their product is
destined for Europe.
6. The manufacturer must provide the necessary safeguards (e. g. , temperature measuring devices, water
level gages and other sensors, etc. ) where there is potential for misuse or improper use of the pressure
equipment. AS ME S ection I contains requirements for many such safeguards, but the manufacturer
may have to supply additional information, such as wall clearances to allow access, that are not covered
by AS ME B PVC S ection I. The potential for rapid startup and shutdown rates may have to be
considered as being reasonably foreseeable.
7. Annex I of the PED requires consideration of decomposition of unstable fluids in the design. This
could affect manufacturers of organic vapor generators under Part PVG of AS ME B PVC S ection I.
AS ME B PVC S ection I provides some guidance on handling these fluids, but the manufacturer may
have to document any additional considerations made.
8. AS ME B PVC S ection I Appendix A-22 provides for establishment of MAWP by proof testing. In
order to verify a design under the PED using an experimental design method, Annex I, § 2. 2. 4, may
require additional test for fatigue, creep, corrosion rates, and impose additional limitations consistent
with those in the PED (e. g. , hold time at temperature, number of fatigue cycles at a given stress level,
corrosion rates, etc. ).
9. Manufacturers using AS ME B PVC S ection I can generally demonstrate that plastic strain is not a
consideration beyond that which is limited in the criteria for establishing allowable stresses in the creep
range.
73
1 0. Any limitations on design life from operation at the design temperature in creep range, fatigue cycles,
and corrosion allowance must be specified in operating instructions.
1 1 . The design calculations must take into account supporting structures, including during transport and
handling, as appropriate. These must be documented, as appropriate. PG-5 5 addresses attachment of
lugs and supports, and this can be referenced in such documentation.
1 2. The manufacturer must obtain approval from the notified body (NB ) responsible for the CA module, if
one exists, for the experimental test program. AS ME B PVC S ection I (Appendix A-22) gives guidance
on a comprehensive test program, including witnessing of tests by the AI (PG-90. 1 . 5 ). The difference
for PED compliance would be the presence of the NB in place of the AI.
1 3 . The experimental method must take into account leakage and deterioration of pressure equipment (e. g.
corrosion) . The manufacturer must consider the following aspects to ensure safe handling and preclude
risk operation from:
(a) closures and openings,
(b) discharge of pressure relief blowoff,
(c) access while pressure or vacuum exists in the pressure equipment,
(d) surface temperature, taking into account the intended use of the equipment,
(e) decomposition of unstable fluids.
Most of these items are directed toward pressure vessels in various applications. AS ME B PVC S ection
I contains design requirements for inspection openings, but not their operation, except for firing doors
in watertube boilers, whose operation is covered in PWT-1 4. B 3 1 . 1 Appendix I addresses design of
safety valve discharge piping, and although Part PVG of AS ME B PVC S ection I addresses boilers
using organic fluids as a working medium, it does not address the decomposition of the fluid in the
boiler. For PED compliance, the manufacturer can demonstrate that some of the above pose no hazard
due to pressure, while others can be addressed in the operation manual or with signage on the boiler
itself.
1 4. B oilers fitted with access doors must be equipped with automatic or manual devices enabling the user
“to ascertain that the opening will not present any hazards.”
1 5 . Provisions for safe condition inside the boiler, where applicable, must be included in operating
instructions.
1 6. The boiler manufacturer must provide adequate means for venting and draining (including vacuum
vents), as required by PED, Annex 1 , § 2. 5 for all stages of operation and testing to avoid harmful
effects, such as water hammer, corrosion, uncontrolled chemical reaction, etc. Any drains, vents, or
blowoff connections provided in addition to that required by AS ME B PVC S ection I and B 3 1 . 1 should
be documented.
1 7. AS ME B PVC S ection I provides for consideration of other forms of chemical attack besides corrosion,
such as stress induced cracking in the presence of chlorides, as required by PED Annex I, § 2. 6. The
manufacturer needs to allow for and/or protect against any other types of chemical attack.
1 8 . Erosion must be considered in the design, where appropriate, to meet the requirements of PED, Annex
I, § 2. 7. Design of boiler piping systems generally takes this into account, although it is not specifically
addressed in AS ME B PVC S ection I.
1 9. AS ME B PVC S ection I is essentially a system code taking into account the assembly of various types
of equipment and piping into a completed boiler unit. The manufacturer must make certain that all
assemblies comply with the requirements of Annex I, § 2. 8 . (The PED defines assemblies as several
pieces of pressure equipment assembled by the manufacturer to constitute an integral and functional
74
whole. ) The rules of AS ME B PVC S ection I taken as a whole fulfill these requirements and the
manufacturer will benefit from working with a NB that is experienced in the application of AS ME
B PVC S ection I to demonstrate compliance.
20. The manufacturer may need to consult with its NB to demonstrate that the indicators, cutoffs, and
alarms required by AS ME B PVC S ection I meet the requirements of PED, Annex I, § 2. 1 0.
21 . The design of safety accessories shall comply with the requirements of PED, Annex I, § 2. 1 1 , including
fail-safe modes, redundancies, diversity, and self-diagnosis. AS ME B PVC S ection I accomplishes this
in several ways such as gage glass connections, backup feed pumps, duplicate water level indicators,
and consideration that components such as tubing within the boiler setting will not pose a hazard due
to pressure should they fail. Consultation with an NB familiar with the application of AS ME B PVC
S ection I will confirm that the intent of this requirement has been met.
22. Temperature monitoring devices must have adequate response time, consistent with the measurement
function. AS ME B PVC S ection I only requires temperature controls for electric boilers in Part PEB .
Manufacturers who use temperature controls consider the device’s performance characte ristics when
choosing the appropriate device. When they are used, the requirement of PED Annex I, § 2. 1 1 . 3 applies
and must be documented based on the control manufacturer’s specifications.

23 . S ee PED Article 24 for requirements related to notified bodies and Article 1 3 for RTPOs.
24. For pressure equipment in Categories II, III, and IV, welders and welding operators shall meet the
requirements of EN IS O 9606 and qualification of welding procedures the requirements of EN IS O
1 5 607 (European Harmonized S tandards). The welder, welding operator, and welding procedure
qualification shall be approved by a Notified B ody or by an approved third party organization. To carry
out these approvals, the third party shall perform (or have performed) examinations and test as s et out
in the approved European Harmonized S tandards or equivalent examinations and tests. Consultation
with a NB familiar with the application of AS ME B PVC S ection I is necessary in this case. S ee also
Guidelines 6/1 , 6/6, and 6/1 2. This also applies to ongoing certification of welders.
NOTE: For welders, the IS O 9606 qualification for butt welds does not cover fillet welding without
an additional test piece.
25 . For pressure equipment in Categories III and IV, the NDE personnel shall be approved by an approved
third party organization recognized by a member state in the European Community. (S ee PED, Article
24 for RTPOs. ) Manufacturers that utilize the AS NT Central Certification Program (ACCP) to meet
their AS ME S ection I NDE personnel qualification requirements may be able to benefit from an
arrangement between American S ociety for Nondestructive Testing (AS NT) and RW-TUV to
recognize each other’s testing programs.

NOTE: The PED does not provide any specific requirements for qualification of NDE personnel;
therefore, the qualification in accordance with Recommended Practice No. S NT-TC-1 A should be
acceptable for radiographic examination of Category I and II pressure equipment and for Categories III
and IV if issued by an RTPO.
26. The manufacturer must provide the additional documentation to demonstrate compliance with the PED.
The following list should be reviewed to determine what information is covered by the manufacturer’s
ASME Quality Control (QC) manual and the AI’s duties for inspection in PG-90. Any information not
fully covered needs to be documented for PED compliance.
(a) Qualifications of NDT personnel
(b) Qualifications of welders and welding operators
(c) Welding procedure qualifications
75
(d) Heat treat procedures and data
(e) Material approvals, certifications. and inspection documents for base metal and welding
consumables
(f) Procedures for ensuring material traceability
(g) NDT reports, including radiographic films
(h) Test reports of mechanical tests (e. g. , on test coupons)
(i) Reports on defects and deviations during manufacture
(j) Forming and other manufacturing procedures
(k) Other technical documentation in accordance with the applicable CA Module
27. In addition to the CE marking, the vessel manufacturer must provide the additional information
provided in PED, Annex I, § 3 . 3 (a) and § 3 . 3 (b), as applicable. The name and address of manufacturer’s
representative in the European Community is not covered by AS ME S ect. I, and if the information for
the manufacturer is insufficient, the information for the representative must be supplied for PED
compliance. The information required by Annex I, § 3 . 3 (b) generally does not apply to boilers, or is
covered by marking and Data Report requirements of AS ME B PVC S ection I. If a boiler has an “S”
stamp nameplate, a separate nameplate will be necessary to supply the extra information required by
the PED.
28 . B ased on the type of boiler and intended service, and only where necessary, the PED requires that
warning labels be attached to the boiler giving warnings about its potential misuse, based on past
experience. (Examples of such misuse could be bypassing safety devices, lack of maintenance of water
level indicators, etc. )
29. The manufacturer needs to provide the necessary CE marking and labels (where applicable) in
accordance with the requirements in PED, Annex I, § 3 . 3 .
3 0. The PED requires the manufacturer to select material, which is suitable for the scheduled lifetime of
the vessel, therefore specific consideration must be given to various degradation mechanisms, such as
creep, fatigue, embrittlement, etc. , some of which are not addressed in AS ME S ection I. S ee Annex I,
§’ s 3.1 .4, 4.1 , 4.2, 4.3, 7.1 , and 7.5 for additional requirements. B oiler manufacturers choose their
materials for construction based on these considerations, even though they are not specifically stated in
AS ME B PVC S ection I. This practice may need to be documented for PED compliance, or consultation
with a NB familiar with the application of AS ME B PVC S ection I may suffice.
3 1 . The properties of permanent welded j oints (weld metal and heat affected zones) must meet the required
minimum properties for the materials (including elongation and impact test requirements) to be j oined
unless other relevant property values are specifically taken into account in the design. The general
principles in AS ME B PVC S ection I regarding selection of materials, P- numbers, and welding
procedure qualifications all contribute to meeting these requirements. This is another case where
consultation with an NB that is familiar with the application of AS ME B PVC S ection I will contribute
to determination of having achieved an overall equivalent level of safety.
3 2. Although it is implied by the considerations in AS ME B PVC S ection I when taken as a whole, some
of the materials requirements in § 4. 1 of Annex I are not specifically addressed in the Code, such as
aging and the materials being sufficiently resistant of fluids contained in the boiler. The PED requires
the manufacturer to be responsible for material selec tion for the intended service that meet the
requirements of Annex I, § 4. 1 (a) through § 4. 1 (e). B oiler manufacturers choose their materials for
construction based on these considerations, even though they are not spelled out in AS ME B PVC
S ection I. This practice may need to be documented for PED compliance.
76
3 3 . Annex I, § 7. 5 requires materials to have minimum average impact test value of 27 J (20 ft-lb) at 20  C
(68  F) but no higher than the lowest scheduled operating temperature. For AS ME B PVC S ection I
boilers, the operating range is not near the transition temperature. Note: The previous EC’s Working
Group “Pressure” (WGP) Guideline 7/1 7 states that specified impact properties are not required for
“
steel grades: When selecting ductile materials that are not subj ect to ductile/brittle transition at the
foreseeable conditions the equipment will be exposed to . ” The Guideline also states ,“ Where the
application of these rules indicate that the material will not behave in a brittle manner and all aspects
of the chosen design code have been followed, sufficient confidence is gained in the behavior of the
material not to require specific impact properties. When these codes are applied, also other items need
to be taken into account. ” The Guideline 7/1 7 then goes on to list additional considerations, such as
full range of the chemical analysis, the extreme mechanical properties, etc.
3 4. Materials will only be approved if they have the following properties, or if an equivalent level of safety
can be demonstrated:
It may be necessary to demonstrate that the hydrotest temperature is above the brittle transition
temperature to support decisions described in this note.
(a) Have appropriate properties for all foreseeable operating and test conditions
(b) Are sufficiently ductile (1 4% minimum elongation for steel)
(c) Are sufficiently tough (27 J minimum average for steel) at 20  C (68  F), or at the lowest operating
temperature.
In the case of AS ME B PVC S ection I, its long history of boilers with safe service life can be
demonstrated through consultation with an NB that is familiar with the application of AS ME B PVC
S ection I.
3 5 . Materials must conform to one of the following:
(a) Materials that are specified in a European harmonized product standard.
(b) Pressure equipment materials that are covered by an EAM.
(c) Materials that are issued with a PMA, for equipment in Category III and IV.
NOTE: In 2001 , the European Commission determined that on the basis of Article 1 1 of Directive
97/23 /EC (now 201 4/68 /EU), § 5 , no EAMs would be issued covering materials for which there exists
(or is under development) a harmonized European material specification. ASME’s attempts to process
EAMs for S A materials were all rej ected on this basis. Therefore, the only way to use AS ME S A
materials in AS ME B PVC S ection I boiler construction intended for CE marking is to perform PMAs
for each material. Notified bodies are issuing PMAs to manufacturers of AS ME equipment based on
their long history of safe service when used in compliance with the appropriate AS ME B PVC section.
Repeated use of the same material grade in subsequent j obs can be achieved with PMAs based on
previous approvals, easing the process.
3 6. If the boiler is classified in Category III or Category IV, the PMA of the material must be approved by
the NB in charge of the CA procedure for that boiler.
3 7. The manufacturer must ensure that the material conforms to one of the appropriate specifications and
is supported by appropriate certification:
(a) For main pressure parts in Categories II, III, and IV the test certificates shall be in accordance with
EN 1 0204, Types 3 . 1 or 3 . 2. Type 3 . 2 certificate is alternative if the materials manufacturer does
not have an appropriate quality system. (NOTE: Certificates of Compliance required by AS ME
material specifications may not be completely acceptable and may need to be augmented. )
77
(b) Certificates of Type 2. 2 are acceptable for Category I equipment.
(c) Certificates of Type 2. 2 are acceptable for welding consumables for pressure equipment in all
categories.
(NOTE: S ee S ection 8 . 5 of this Guide for the types of EN 1 0204 material certificates required for
material used in boilers, depending on hazard category. )
3 8 . If the material manufacturer holds accredited certification from a certification body established within
the European community, a material certificate of the EN 1 0204, 3 . 1 is acceptable. Where the material
manufacturer does not hold such a certification, the boiler manufacturer is responsible for determining
the certification requirements.
NOTE: IS O is not referenced in the PED; it j ust states " competent body, " therefore IS O or another
quality system is acceptable. The Materials Manufacturer must have undergone a specific assessment
for materials, not j ust systems.
3 9. AS ME B PVC S ection I contains requirements for piping within the b oiler proper as defined in Fig. PG-
5 8 . 3 . 1 and Fig. PG-5 8 . 3 . 2. Those figures also define the limits of B oiler External Piping, the design
and construction rules for which are contained in AS ME B 3 1 . 1 , Power Piping. PED compliance for
the completed boiler will be demonstrated by using the combination of AS ME S ection I and AS ME
B 3 1 . 1 to meet the ES Rs for piping.
40. Note 3 to AS ME B 3 1 . 1 § 1 1 9. 7 describes how fatigue is considered in the stress intensification factors
of Appendix D. Manufacturers may have to describe this in the context of a proven history of safe
operation of B 3 1 . 1 piping systems to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.
41 . Neither AS ME B PVC S ection I nor B 3 1 . 1 contain requirements for mapping of underground piping.
S uch documentation would have to be furnished and can easily be derived from plans and blueprints
for the buried piping system.
42. The specified quantitative requirements apply as a general rule. Other values may be used, but the
manufacturer must be able to demonstrate to the NB that the appropriate measures have been taken to
demonstrate that equivalent overall levels of safety have been achieved.
43 . For the materials listed in Annex I § 7. 1 , the allowable stresses are left to the manufacturer, who shall
demonstrate that an overall safety has been achieved. For this obj ective, the manufacturer may refer to
Harmonized S tandards, codes, and specifications approved by the CEN Technical Committee (e. g. , EN
1 3 3 45 , ), or may use the criteria used in AS ME B PVC S ection I, combined with all other aspects of that
Code that contribute to the overall level of safety.
44. The permissible general membrane stresses used in the calculations shall conform to the criteria listed
in Annex I, para. 7. 1 of the PED. Also, see Fig. 1 2-2 of this Guide. In case of the ferritic steel, including
normalized steel and excluding fine grain steel and specially heat-treated steel, the lesser of:
(a) 2/3 of the specified minimum yield strength (R e /t), and
(b) 5 /1 2 of the specified minimum ambient temperature tensile strength (R m /20 ).
In general, the allowable design stresses in AS ME B PVC S ection II, Part D, are acceptable. However,
the Code allows the design stresses to be 90% of the specified minimum yield strength for certain
materials (stainless steel and some strain hardening materials). The manufacturer shall verify that the
AS ME B PVC allowable design stresses meet the PED criteria in each particular case.
Note: Although not stated in Annex 1 , the allowable stresses for ferritic steels also apply to fine grain
steels. (S ee Fig. 1 2-2 of this PED Guide. )
45 . AS ME S ection I permits allowable stress, S ≤ 0. 9 S Y, for certain austenitic stainless steels. This
exceeds the allowable stresses permitted in Annex I, § 7. 1 .
78
QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS IN PED, ANNEX I TO BE APPLIED AS A GENERAL

RULE
Figure 1 2-2: Q1 Safety Factors for Allowable Stresses Given in Annex I, §7.1 .2
Material Allowable Stress, S a
Ferritic steel and low-alloy steel Lesser of Re /1 . 5 and Rm /2. 4
Fine grain steel Allowable stresses are not given in the PED
Austenitic steel with A  3 0% Re /1 . 5
Austenitic steel with A  35% Lesser of Re /1 . 2 and Rm /3
Cast steel Lesser of Re /1 . 9 and Rm /3
Aluminum Re /1 . 5
Aluminum alloys (not quenched) Lesser of Re /1 . 5 and Rm /2. 4
A = elongation, %
Re = specified minimum yield strength at design temperature
Rm = specified minimum tensile strength at room temperature
Figure 1 2-3: Q2 Joint Efficiencies Given in Annex I, §7.2

Extent of Examination Joint Efficiency
1 00% RT or UT 1 .0
Partial examination by RT or UT and destructive testing 0. 8 5
Visual examination only 0. 70
RT = radiographic testing
UT = ultrasonic testing
Note: examination requirements of AS ME S ection I may differ from other pressure vessel codes (i. e. , EN
1 3 445 ).
Figure 1 2-4: Q3 Formula for Calculating Hydrostatic Test Pressure Given in

Annex I, §7.4
Test pressure, Pt shall be the larger of:
 St 
Pt = 1 . 25 Ps   and
S
Pt = 1 . 43 Ps
Ps = maximum allowable operating pressure
S t = allowable nominal design stress at test temperature
S = allowable nominal design stress at design temperature
79
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
FOR APPLICATION OF
ASME BPVC SECTION I, POWER
BOILERS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF
PED 201 4/68/EU
80
13 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF ASME BPVC

SECTION I, POWER BOILERS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF PED 201 4/68/EU,
ANNEX I
ANNEX I ANNEX I ESSENTIAL SAFETY SECT. VIII, ADDITIONAL

PARAGRAPH REQUIREMENTS (ESR) DIV. 1 CONSIDERATIONS
REFERENCE
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS
1. The obligations arising from the essential PG-1 1 , PG-5 8 ,
requirements listed in this annex for pressure PG-5 9, PG-60,
equipment also apply to assemblies where the PG-67, PG-68 ,
corresponding hazard exists. PG-71
2. The essential requirements laid down in the Informative
directive are compulsory. The obligations laid
down in these essential requirements apply
only if the corresponding hazard exists for the
pressure equipment in question when it is used
under the conditions that are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer.
3. The manufacturer is under an obligation to (None) The manufacturer must perform
analyze the hazards and risks in order to hazards and risks analysis in
identify those that apply to his equipment on accordance with Article 4, Article
account of pressure; 1 3 and Annex II of the PED,
documenting many of their common
analyses.
They must then design and construct it taking (Partial) The manufacturer is required to
account of his analysis. design and construct the pressure
equipment to comply with all the
Essential S afety Requirements
(ES R) in Annex I.
4. The general requirements are to be interpreted Foreword,
and applied in such a way as to take account of Preamble
the state of the art and current practice at the
time of design and manufacture as well as of
technical and economical considerations which
are consistent with a high degree of health and
safety protection.
1. GENERAL
1 .1 Pressure equipment shall be designed, Preamble, S ect. The manufacturer must prepare
manufactured, and checked and, if applicable, II, Part D, instructions for the user containing
equipped and installed in such a way as to App. 6 the necessary safety information in
insure its safety when put into service in accordance with Point. 3 . 4 of
accordance with the manufacturer’ s Annex I.
instructions, or in reasonably foreseeable The manufacturer must also
conditions. consider the following aspects:
a) Inform users of residual hazards,
b) Prevent dangers from
foreseeable misuse,
c) Take into account foreseeable
degradation mechanisms,
d) Ensure safety throughout the
intended life of the pressure
equipment.
81

REFERENCE
1 .2 In choosing the most appropriate solutions, the The manufacturer must:
manufacturer shall comply with the principles
set out below in the following order:
a) Eliminate or reduce hazards as far as is Parts PG and a) Eliminate or reduce hazards as
reasonably practicable. PW far as it is reasonably practical
through adequate design and
construction,
b) Apply appropriate protection measures PG-67 through c) Apply appropriate protection
against hazards which cannot be eliminated. PG-73 , PMB -1 7 measures against hazards that
and PEB -1 6 cannot be eliminated, such as
(partial) controls and pressure relief
devices, and
d) Where appropriate, inform users of residual (None) e) Where appropriate, inform users
hazards and indicate whether it is necessary of any residual hazards and any
to take appropriate special measures to additional measures to be taken
reduce risks at the time of installation to reduce risks during
and/or use. installation and/or use.
1 .3 Where the potential for misuse is known or can PG-60, PG-61 The manufacturer must provide the
be clearly foreseen, the pressure equipment (partial) necessary safeguards (e. g. ,
shall be designed to prevent danger from such temperature measuring devices,
misuse or, water level gages and other sensors,
etc. ) where there is potential for
misuse of the pressure equipment.
if that is not possible, adequate warning (shall (None) Where necessary, the manufacturer
be) given that the pressure equipment must not must provide appropriate warnings
be used in that way. in operating instructions regarding
improper use of the equipment.
(S ee Point 3 . 4 of Annex I. )
2. DESIGN
2. 1 The pressure equipment shall be properly Preamble, PG- The manufacturer must also
designed taking all relevant factors into 1 6, PG-23 consider the following factors in the
account in order to ensure that the equipment through PG-3 8 , design of the equipment:
will be safe throughout its intended life. PG-43 , PG-46, a) Take into account foreseeable
PG-5 2, PG- 5 3 degradation mechanisms,
and PW-9 b) Ensure safety throughout the
(Partial) intended life of the pressure
equipment.
The design shall incorporate appropriate safety S ect. II, Part D,
coefficients using comprehensive methods App. 1
which are known to incorporate adequate
safety margins against all relevant failure
modes in a consistent manner.
2. 2 Design for adequate strength
2. 2. 1 The pressure equipment shall be designed for PG-22
loadings appropriate to its intended use and
other reasonably foreseeable operating
conditions. In particular, the following factors
must be taken into account:
(a) internal/external pressure, PG-27,
(b) ambient and operational temperatures, PG-21 , and
PG-27
82

REFERENCE
(c) static pressure and mass of contents in PG-22. 1 (partial) (Note: Traffic loads are not
operating and test conditions, generally considered to be
(d) traffic, wind, earthquake loading applicable to boilers. )
(e) reaction forces and moments which result PG-22. 2, B 3 1 . 1
from the supports, attachments, piping, §1 1 9
etc. ,
(f) Corrosion, erosion, fatigue, etc. PG-27. 4, Note 3 , S ect. I addresses need, not how to
B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4 analyze.
(g) decomposition of unstable fluids (None) S ect. I does not specifically address
decomposition of unstable fluids.
Manufacturers of organic vapor
generators under Part PVG of S ect.
I may have to document any
additional considerations made.
(h) Various loadings which can occur at the PG-22, B 3 1 . 1
same time must be considered, taking into § 1 01 . 5
account the probability of their
simultaneous occurrence.
2. 2. 2 Design for adequate strength shall be based on: PG-27 through S ect. I App. 22 provides for
(a) as a general rule a calculation method, PG-5 3 , PG-1 00 establishment of MAWP by proof
described in 2. 2. 3 , and supplemented, if (partial) testing. An experimental design
necessary, by an experimental design method, as described in § 2. 2. 4 of
method as described in 2. 2. 4, or Annex I may require additional tests
for fatigue, creep, corrosion rates,
and may have to impose additional
limitations consistent with those in
the PED.
(b) an experimental design method without The manufacturer must ensure that
calculation, as described in 2. 2. 4, when the the limitations on the allowable
product of the maximum allowable pressure pressure PS and on volume V are
PS and the volume V is less than 6, 000 bar not exceeded.
x L, or the product PS x DN (is) less than
3 , 000 bar.
2. 2. 3 Calculation Method
(a) Pressure containment and other loading
aspects.
The allowable stresses for pressure PG-23
equipment shall be limited having regard to
reasonably foreseeable failure modes under
operating conditions. To this end, safety
factors shall be applied to eliminate fully
any uncertainty arising out of manufacture,
actual operational conditions, stresses,
calculation models, and the properties and
behavior of the material.
These calculation methods shall provide S ect. II, Part D,
sufficient safety margins consistent, where App. 1
applicable, with the requirements of
S ection 7.
83

REFERENCE
The requirements set out above may be met
by applying one of the following methods,
as appropriate, if necessary as a supplement
to or in combination with another method:
1. design by formula, PG-27 to PG-5 3
2. design by analysis, Preamble
(partial)
3. design by fracture analysis. N/A
(b) Resistance
Appropriate design calculations must be
used to establish the resistance of the
pressure equipment concerned.
In particular:
(1 ) The calculation pressures shall not be less PG-21 , S ect. I does not specifically address
than the maximum allowable pressures decomposition of unstable fluids.
and Manufacturers of organic vapor
(a) take into account static head and dynamic PG-22. 1 generators under Part PVG of
fluid pressures and S ect. I may have to document any
(b) the decomposition of unstable fluids. (None) additional considerations made.
(c) Where a vessel is separated into PG-1 6. 2
individual pressure containing chambers,
the partition wall shall be designed on the
basis of the highest possible chamber
pressure relative to the lowest pressure
possible in the adj oining chamber.
(2) The calculation temperatures shall allow PG-21 , Note 9
for appropriate safety margins.
(3) The design shall take appropriate account PG-21 , Note 9,
of all possible combinations of temperature PG-27. 4, Note 2
and pressure which might arise under
reasonably foreseeable operating conditions
for the equipment.
(4) The maximum stresses and peak stress PG-22, PG-23
combinations must be kept within safe
limits.
(5) The calculation for pressure equipment PG-23 and
shall utilize the values appropriate to the S ect. II, Part D,
properties of the material, based on the App. 1
documented data, having regard to the
provisions set out in Point 4 together with
the appropriate safety factors. Material
characteristics to be considered, where
applicable, include:
(a) Yield strength, 0. 2% or 1 . 0% PG-5 , PG-23
proof strength, as appropriate, at
calculation temperature,
(b) Tensile strength, PG-23 and S ect.
II. Part D,
App. 1
(c) Time-dependent strength, i. e. , PG-23 and
creep strength, S ect. II, Part D,
App. 5 (Partial)
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REFERENCE
(d) Fatigue data, PG-22 (Partial) Cyclic and dynamic loadings
generally do not exceed the limits
given in PG-22 and are not a
significant failure mode in power
boilers covered by S ect. I. S ect. I
does not provide guidance on how a
fatigue analysis should be
performed.
(e) Young’s modulus (modulus of S ect. II, Part D,
elasticity), App. 5
(f) Appropriate amount of plastic (Partial) S ect. I does not have a direct limit
strain, on plastic strain, but other limits
indirectly control this. Plastic strain
is generally not a consideration
beyond that which is limited in the
criteria for establishing allowable
stresses in the creep range.
(g) Impact strength, None S ee EC WG Pressure
Guideline 7/1 7
(h) Fracture toughness, None S ee EC WG Pressure
Guideline 7/1 7
(6) Appropriate j oint factors shall be applied PG-27. 4, S ome partial percentage of
to the materials properties, depending, for Note 1 , PW-1 1 volumetric NDE may need to be
example, on the type of NDT, the materials and PW-41 carried out on such j oints as tube
j oined, and the operating conditions (Partial) butts, where there is no j oint factor.
envisioned.
(7) The design shall take appropriate account PG-22, PG-23 , Corrosion must be taken into
of all reasonably foreseeable degradation PG-27 Note 3 account in S ect. I by the Code
mechanisms (e. g. , corrosion, creep, fatigue) and S ect. II, design requirements for a particular
commensurate with the intended use of the Part D, App. 6 boiler or component (PG-27,
equipment. Note 3 ).
Attention shall be drawn, in the instructions
referred to in 3 . 4, to the particular features
of the design which is relevant to the life of
the equipment, for example:
(a) for creep: design hours of S ect. II, Part D, Any limitations on design life from
operation at specified App. 5 (partial) operation at design temperature in
temperatures, creep range, fatigue cycles, and
corrosion allowance must be
specified in operating instructions.
(b) for fatigue: design number of PG-22 (partial) PG-22 requires consideration of
cycles at the specified stress cyclic loads in the design but only
levels, when their magnitude exceeds 1 0%
of the allowable working stress on
the component.
(c) for corrosion: design corrosion PG-27, Note 3 S ect. I does not provide guidance on
allowance. (partial) how to arrive at the design
corrosion allowance.
85

REFERENCE
(c) S tability Aspects
Where the calculated thickness does not allow PG-22 and The design calculations must take
for adequate structural stability, the necessary PG-5 5 into account structural stability,
measures must be taken to remedy the situation including transport and handling of
taking into account the risks from transport and vessels and assemblies. S ect. I does
handling. not address design for transport or
handling loads. PG-5 5 addresses
attachment of supports and
attachment lugs to the pressure-
retaining boundary.
2. 2. 4 Experimental Design Method
App. A-22
The design of the equipment must be validated,
in all or in part, by an appropriate test program
carried out on a sample representative of the
equipment or the category of the equipment.
The test program must be clearly defined prior (None) The manufacturer must obtain
to testing and accepted by the notified body approval from the notified body
responsible for the CA module, where it exists. responsible for the CA module, if
one exists, for the experimental test
program.
The program must define test conditions and App. A-22. 1 0
criteria for acceptance and refusal. and PG-91 . 1 . 5
The actual values of the essential dimensions App. A-22. 1 1 . 3
and characteristics of the materials which
constitute the equipment tested shall be
measured before the test.
App. A-22. 1 1 . 1
Where appropriate, during tests, it must be
possible to observe the critical zones of the
pressure equipment with adequate
instrumentation capable of registering strains
and stresses with sufficient precision.
The test program must include:
(a) A pressure strength test, the purpose of App. A-22 When using the program in A-22,
which is to check that, at a pressure with a the threshold for sufficient leaks in
defined safety margin in relation to the the context of the PED is zero. In
maximum allowable pressure, the the context of S ect. I, App. A-22,
equipment does not exhibit sufficient leaks the thresholds for deterioration by
or deterioration exceeding a determined excessive strain are defined in
threshold. App. 22.
The test pressure must be determined on the App. A-22
basis of the differences between the values
of the geometrical and material
characteristics measures under test
conditions and the values used for design
purposes;
it must take into account the differences App. A-22 A-22 is conservative in basing the
between the test and design temperatures. test pressures on test temperature.
86

REFERENCE
(b) Where the risk of creep or fatigue exists, (None) An experimental design method, as
appropriate tests determined on the basis of described in § 2. 2. 4 of Annex I may
the service conditions laid down for the require additional tests and impose
equipment, for instance, hold time at additional limitations consistent
specified temperatures, number of cycles at with those in the PED (hold time at
specified stress-levels, etc. ; specified temperatures, number of
fatigue cycles at a given stress level,
corrosion rates, external damage,
etc. )
(c) Where necessary, additional tests (None)
concerning other factors referred in 2. 2. 1 ,
such as corrosion, external damage, etc.
2. 3 Provisions to Insure S afe Handling and
Operation
The method of operation specified for pressure (None) For PED compliance, the
equipment must be such as to preclude any manufacturer can demonstrate that
reasonable foreseeable risk in operation of the some of these pose no hazard due to
equipment. Particular attention must be paid, pressure, while others can be
where appropriate, to: addressed in the operation manual
or with warnings on the boiler itself.
a) Closures and openings PG-3 2 through Pressure equipment fitted with
PG-44, PFT-43 , access doors must be equipped with
PWT-1 4 automatic or manual devices to
(partial) enable the user to ascertain that the
opening will not present any
hazards.
Dangerous discharge of pressure relief B 3 1 . 1 , App. II
blowoff, (Partial)
c) Access while pressure or vacuum exists in (None)
the pressure equipment,
d) S urface temperature, taking into account (None)
the intended use of the equipment,
e) Decomposition of unstable fluids. (None)
In particular, the pressure equipment fitted with PWT-1 4
an access door must be equipped with an
automatic or manual device enabling the user
easily “to ascertain that the opening will not

present any hazard.”
Furthermore, where the opening can be N/A B oilers are typically not fitted with
operated quickly, the pressure equipment must quick actuating closures
be fitted with a device to prevent it being
opened whenever the pressure or temperature
of the fluid presents a hazard.
2. 4 Means of examination
(a) Pressure equipment must be designed and Part PG,
constructed so that all necessary Part PW (partial)
examinations to ensure safety can be carried
out.
87

REFERENCE
(b) Means of determining the internal condition PG-44,
of the equipment shall be available, where PWT-1 4, and
it is necessary to ensure the continued PFT-43
safety of the equipment, such as access
openings allowing physical access to the
inside of the pressure equipment so that
appropriate examinations can be carried out
safely and ergonomically.
(c) Other means of ensuring the safe condition PG-44 S ect. I requires all boilers to have
of the pressure equipment may be applied: inspection openings.
1 ) Where it is too small for physical internal Handholes are required.
access, or
2) Where the opening of the pressure N/A Does not apply to boilers
equipment would adversely affect the
inside,
3 ) Where the substance contained has been N/A
shown not to be harmful to the material
from which the pressure equipment is
made and no other internal degradation
mechanisms are reasonably foreseeable.
2. 5 Means of venting and draining
Adequate means shall be provided for draining PG-5 9. 4 and Any drains, vents, or blowoff
and venting of pressure equipment, where B 3 1 . 1 § 1 22. 1 . 5 connections provided in addition to
necessary: that required by S ect. I and B 3 1 . 1
should be documented.
a) to avoid harmful effects, such as water PG-5 9. 1 and
hammer, vacuum collapse, corrosion, and B 3 1 . 1 § 1 22
uncontrolled chemical reactions.
b) All stages of operations and testing, PG-5 9. 4 Ample drains are required for all
particularly pressure testing, must be boiler components.
considered.
c) To permit cleaning, inspection and PG-5 9. 3 and B lowoff connections are required
maintenance in a safe manner. PG-5 9. 4
2. 6 Corrosion or other chemical attack
Where necessary, adequate allowance or PG-5 . 5 , Note 1 , The manufacturer must document
protection against corrosion or other chemical PG-27. 4, Note 3 S ect. I considerations for other
attack must be provided, taking due account of (partial) forms of chemical attack besides
the intended and reasonably foreseeable use. corrosion, where appropriate, as
required by PED Annex I, Point 2. 6.
2. 7 Wear
Where severe conditions of erosion or abrasion B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4 Erosion and abrasion are generally
may arise, adequate measures must be taken to: (partial) considered in the design of boiler
and piping systems and the results
must be documented.
a) minimize the effect by appropriate design, B 3 1 . 1 § 1 02. 4
e. g. , additional material thickness, or by (partial)
the use of liners or cladding materials,
b) permit replacement of parts which are most (Partial) B oiler components such as piping
affected, and tubing are accessible for
replacement
88

REFERENCE
c) draw attention, in the instructions referred (None) The manufacturer usually prepares
to in § 3 . 4, to measures necessary for instructions for the user regarding
continued safe use. the use of pressure equipment
containing the necessary safety
information in accordance with
Point 3 . 4 of Annex I and including
considerations for wear, where
applicable, in accordance with Point
2. 7.
2. 8 Assemblies
Assemblies must be so designed that: Part PG and S ect. I is a system code, so it does
Part PW address assemblies in its inherent
requirements for various boiler
components and how they are
connected.
a) The assemblies to be assembled together are The manufacturer must make
suitable and reliable for their duty, certain that all assemblies are so
designed that they comply with the
applicable PED requirements.
b) All the components are properly integrated
and assembled in an appropriate manner.
2. 9 Provisions for filling and discharge
Where appropriate, the pressure equipment N/A AS ME S ect. I does not require
must be so designed and provided with accessories “to assure safe filling
accessories, or provisions made for their and discharge” with respect to the
fitting, as to ensure safe filling and discharge in hazards listed in Annex I, Point 2. 9,
particular with respect to hazards such as: and for the most part, these
requirements do not apply to
boilers.
(a) on filling: N/A
(1 ) Overfilling or over
pressurization having regard in
particular to the filling ratio and
to the vapor pressure at the
reference temperature,
(2) Instability of pressure
equipment
(b) on discharge: the uncontrolled release of N/A
the pressurized fluid;
(c) on filling or discharge: unsafe connection N/A
and disconnection.
2. 1 0 Protection against exceeding the allowable
limits of pressure equipment
Where under reasonably foreseeable PG-67 through Each boiler constructed to S ect. I
conditions, the allowable limits could be PG-73 must be provided with a copy of
exceeded, the pressure equipment must be Data Report Form P-7 which
fitted with, or provisions made for the fitting records all required safety valves, or
of, suitable protective devices, within an for boilers provided with a single
assembly. safety valve, this must be
documented in the remarks section
of Data Report Forms P-2 or P-3 .
The suitable device or combination of such PG-67 through
devices must be determined on the basis of the PG-73
particular characteristics of the equipment or
assembly.
89

REFERENCE
S uitable protective devices and combination
thereof comprise:
(a) S afety accessories as defined in Point 4 of PG-67 through
Article 2. PG-73
(b) Where appropriate, adequate monitoring PG-60. 1 , S ect. I has specific requirements for
devices such as indicators and/or alarms which PG-60. 2, monitoring devices, such as gage
enable adequate action to be taken either PG-60. 6, glasses, water level indicators, and
automatically or manually to keep the pressure PFT-47, low water cutoffs referred to in
equipment within the allowable limits. PMB -1 3 , Annex I, Point 2. 1 0(b).
PMB -1 7,
PEB -1 3 , and
PEB -1 6
2. 1 1 S afety Accessories
2. 1 1 . 1 S afety accessories shall: The design of safety accessories
must comply with the requirements
of PED Annex I, Point 2. 4.
a) B e so designed and constructed as to be PG-67 through
reliable and suitable for their intended PG-73
duty and take into account the
maintenance and testing requirements of
the devices, where applicable;
b) B e independent of other functions, unless PG-71 and PVG-
their safety function cannot be affected by 1 2. 3 . 4
such other functions;
c) Comply with the appropriate design PG-60. 3 , PG-61 Fail-safe modes, redundancy,
principles in order to obtain suitable and diversity, and self-diagnosis are
reliable protection. These principles addressed in S ect. I. Consultation
include, in particular, fail-safe modes, with a notified body familiar with
redundancy, diversity, and self-diagnosis. the application of S ect. I will
confirm that the intent of this
requirement has been met.
2. 1 1 . 2 Pressure limiting devices
The devices must be so designed that the PG-67 (Note: Allowable pressures above
pressure will not permanently exceed the MAWP in PG-67 should be
maximum allowable pressure PS ; however, a reviewed to ensure they do not
short duration pressure surge in keeping with exceed the PED maximum
the specifications laid down in Point 7. 3 is limitation of 1 0% in Annex I, § 7. 3 . )
allowable, where appropriate.
2. 1 1 . 3 Temperature monitoring devices
PEB -1 6 The response time of temperature
These devices must have an adequate response (Partial) monitoring devices is not
time on safety grounds, consistent with the specifically addressed in S ect. I,
measurement function. except for electric boilers in Part
PEB . The manufacturer must
provide temperature monitoring
devices that have adequate response
time, consistent with the
measurement function.
2. 1 2 External fire
Where necessary, pressure equipment must be N/A (Intended for pressure vessels)
so designed and, where appropriate, fitted with
suitable accessories, or provision made for
their fitting, to meet damage-limitation
90

REFERENCE
requirements in the event of external fire,
having particular regard to the intended use.
3. MANUFACTURING
3.1 Manufacturing procedures
The manufacturer shall ensure the competent PG-75 through
execution of the provisions set out in the PG-8 2
design stage by applying the appropriate
techniques and relevant procedures especially
in view of the aspects set out below.
3.1 .1 Preparation of the component parts
Preparation of the component parts (e. g. , PG-1 1 ,

forming and chamfering) shall not give rise to PG-75 through
defects or cracks or changes in the mechanical PG-8 2, PW-29,
characteristics likely to be detrimental to the and PW-3 3
safety of the pressure equipment.
3.1 .2 Permanent j oining
Permanent j oints and adj acent zones shall be PW-29 and
free of any surface or internal defects PW-3 3
detrimental to the safety of the equipment.
The properties of permanent j oints shall meet PW-5 . 4, PW-28
the minimum properties specified for the and S ect. II, Part
materials to be j oined unless other relevant D, Table 1 A
property values are specifically taken into
account in the design.
For pressure equipment, permanent j oining of PW-28
components which contribute to pressure
resistance of the equipment and components
which are directly attached to them must be
carried out by suitably qualified personnel
according to suitable operating procedures.
For pressure equipment in categories II, III, S ee PED, Article 6 for obligations
and IV, operating procedures and personnel of manufactures and Article 24 for
must be approved by a competent third party requirements related to notified
which, at the manufacturer’s discretion, may bodies and RTPOs for approval of
be: welding procedure and welder
qualifications for category II, III
and IV pressure equipment.
(Note: The manufacturer can use
AS ME welding procedure and
welder qualifications for Category I
vessels. )
a) A notified body, (None) For pressure equipment in
b) A third party organization recognized by a (None) Categories II, III, and IV,
Member S tate as provided in Article 1 3 . qualification of welders and
welding operators must meet the
requirements of EN IS O 9606 and
qualification of welding procedures
the requirements of EN IS O 1 5 607.
91

REFERENCE
To carry out these approvals the third party (None) The welder, welding operator and
must perform examinations and tests as set out welding procedure qualifications
in the appropriate harmonized standards, or must be approved by a notified
body or an approved third party
organization. This includes the
ongoing certification of permanent
j oining personnel.
equivalent tests or PW-28 (partial)
must have them performed. PW-28 (partial)
3.1 .3 Nondestructive tests
For pressure equipment, non-destructive tests PW-5 1 and For pressure equipment in
of permanent j oints shall be carried out by PW-5 2 Categories III and IV, the NDE
suitable qualified personnel. personnel must be approved by an
approved third party organization
recognized by a Member S tate in
the European Community.
For pressure equipment in Categories III and PW-5 1 and (Note: The manufacturer may use
IV the personnel must be approved by a third PW-5 2 (partial) the certification required by AS ME,
party organization recognized by a Member S ect. I for pressure equipment in
S tate pursuant to Article 20. Categories I and II for radiographic
examination. )
3.1 .4 Heat treatment
Where there is a risk that the manufacturing PW-3 8 and
process will change the material properties to PW-3 9
the extent which would impair the safety of the
pressure equipment, suitable heat treatment
shall be applied at the appropriate stage of the
manufacture.
3.1 .5 Traceability
S uitable procedures shall be established and PG-77,
maintained for identifying the material making PG-90. 1 . 6,
up the components of the equipment which PG-90. 1 . 7, and
contribute to the pressure resistance by suitable App. 3 02. 4
means from receipt, through production, up to
the final test of the manufactured pressure
equipment.
3.2 Final assessment
Pressure equipment must be subj ected to the
final assessment as described below.
3 . 2. 1 Final Inspection
Pressure equipment shall undergo a final PG-90. 1 . 1 3 , The manufacturer must provide
inspection to access visually and PG-99. 2 documentation to demonstrate
by examination of the accompanying PG-90, PG-1 1 2 compliance with the directive. This
documents compliance with the requirements and App. A-3 5 0 may be covered by the
of the directive. Test carried out during through A-3 5 manufacturer’s ASME QC manual
manufacture may be taken into account. (Partial)
92

REFERENCE
As far as necessary on safety grounds, the final PG-90, PG-93 and the AI’s duties for inspection in
inspection must be carried out internally and PG-90 and shall include:
externally on every part of the equipment, (1 ) Qualifications of the
where appropriate in the course of manufacture NDT personnel,
(e. g. , where examination during the final (2) Qualification of
inspection is no longer possible). welders and welding
operators,
(3 ) Welding procedure
qualifications,
(4) Heat treat procedures
and data,
(5 ) Material certification
and inspection
documents for base
metal and welding
consumables,
(6) Procedures for
insuring material
traceability,
(7) NDT reports,
including
radiographic films,
(8 ) Test reports of
mechanical tests
(e. g. , coupons)
(9) Reports on defects
and deviations
during manufacture,
(1 0) Forming and other
manufacturing
procedures,
(1 1 ) Other technical
documentation in
accordance with the
appropriate CA
module.
3 . 2. 2 Proof test
Final assessment of pressure equipment must PG-99 PG-99. 3 limits the amount of stress
include a test for the pressure containment on any component in the boiler
aspect, which will normally take the form of a system, which meets the intent of
hydrostatic pressure test at a pressure at least the EC’s WG Pressure

equal, where appropriate, to the value laid Guideline 8 /2
down in Point 7. 4.
For category I series produced equipment, this (N/A) S ect. I has no provisions for series
test may be performed on a statistical basis. produced boilers.
Where a hydrostatic test pressure is harmful or B 3 1 . 1 allows for alternatives to
impractical, other tests of a recognized value B31 .1 §1 37 hydrotesting, S ect. I does not.
may be carried out. For test other than the
hydrostatic pressure test, additional measures,
such as non-destructive tests or other methods
of equivalent validity, must be applied before
those tests are carried out.
93

REFERENCE
3 . 2. 3 Inspection of safety devices
For assemblies, the final assessment must also PG-90. 1 . 1 4, PG-90. 1 . 1 5 requires the AI to verify
include a check of the safety devices intended PG-90. 1 . 1 5 and that all required safety accessories
to check full compliance with the requirements PG-1 1 2. 2. 8 are installed in compliance with the
referred to in Point 2. 1 0. requirements of S ect. I. Each boiler
must be provided with a copy of
Data Report Form P-7, or for
boilers provided with a single safety
valve, this must be documented in
the remarks section of Data Report
Forms P-2 or P- 3 .
3.3 Marking and Labeling
In addition to the CE marking referred to in In addition to the CE marking, the
Article 1 8 and 1 9 and the information to be vessel manufacturer must provide
provided in accordance with Article 6(6) and the additional information required
Article 8 (3 ), the following information must be by PED, Annex I, § 3 . 3 (a) and
provided: § 3 . 3 (b), as applicable. This can be
on one or more nameplates.
(a) For all pressure equipment:
(1 ) The name and address or other PG-1 06 through The name and address of
means of identification of the PG-1 1 1 manufacturer’ s representative in the
manufacturer and, where European Community is not
appropriate, of his authorized covered by S ect. I, and if the
representative established information for the manufacturer is
within the Community, insufficient, the information for the
representative must be supplied for
PED compliance.
(2) The year of manufacture, PG-1 06 through S erial number on stamping plate.
(3) Identification of the pressure PG-1 1 1
equipment according to its PG-1 06. 4. 1
nature, such as type, series or
batch identification, and serial
number,
(4) The essential PG-1 06. 4. 1
maximum/minimum allowable
limits.
94

REFERENCE
(b) Depending on the type of pressure (None) The information required by
equipment, further information necessary Annex I, § 3 . 3 (b) generally does not
for safe installation, operation, or use and, apply to boilers, or is covered by
where applicable, maintenance and periodic marking and Data Report
inspection such as: requirements of S ect. I.
(1 ) The volume V of the pressure
equipment in L,
(2) The nominal size for piping,
DN,
(3) The test pressure PT applied in
bar and date,
(4) S afety device set pressure in
bar,
(5) Output of pressure equipment in
kW,
(6) S upply voltage in V (volts),
(7) Intended use,
(8) Filling ratio kg/L,
(9) Maximum filling mass in kg,
(1 0) Tare mass in kg,

(1 1 ) The product group;
(c) Where necessary, warnings fixed to the (None) B ased on the type of equipment and
pressure equipment drawing attention to intended service, warning labels
misuse which experience has shown might shall be attached to the pressure
occur. equipment giving warnings about
potential misuse of the pressure
equipment, based on past
experience. (Examples of such
misuse could be bypassing safety
devices, lack of maintenance of
water level indicators, etc. )
The information referred to in Points (a), (b), PG-1 06 (Partial) The manufacturer needs to provide
and (c) shall be given on the pressure the necessary CE marking and
equipment or on a data plate firmly attached to labels (where applicable) in
it, with the following exceptions: accordance with the requirements of
PED, Annex I, Point 3 . 3 .
(1 ) where applicable, appropriate documents PG-1 06. 8. 2

may be used to avoid repetitive marking and PG-1 09
of individual parts such as piping
components, intended for the same
assembly.
(2) where the pressure equipment is too small, PG-1 06. 8. 2

e. g. accessories, this information may be
given on a label attached to that pressure
equipment;
(3) labeling or other adequate means may be (None) Refers to the permanence of
used for the mass to be filled and the warnings affixed to the boiler.
warnings referred to in Point (c), provided
it remains legible for the appropriate period
of time.
3.4 Operating instructions
(a) When pressure equipment is placed on the (None) S ect. I does not require
market, it shall be accompanied, as far as manufacturers to issue operating
relevant, with instructions for the user, instructions or warnings regarding
95

REFERENCE
containing all the necessary safety potential hazards or misuse of
information relating to: pressure equipment. Manufacturers
(1 ) mounting including assembling generally do provide such
of different pieces of pressure instructions; and for PED
equipment, compliance, they shall include the
(2) putting into service, information listed in Point 1 . 3 ,
(3) use, 2. 2. 3 , 2. 7 , and in Point 3 . 4 of Annex
(4) maintenance including checks I of the PED.
by user;
(b) Instructions must cover information affixed (None)
to the pressure equipment in accordance
with 3 . 3 , with the exception of serial
identification, and must be accompanied,
where appropriate, by the technical
documents, drawings and diagrams
necessary for a full understanding of these
instructions;
(c) If appropriate, these instructions shall also (None)
refer to hazards arising from misuse in
accordance with Point 1 . 3 and particular
features of the design in accordance with
Point 2. 2. 3 .
4. MATERIALS
Materials used for manufacturing of pressure PG-5 through The PED requires the manufacturer
equipment must be suitable for such PG-1 2, S ect. II, to select material (including bolting)
application during the scheduled lifetime App. 6 that is suitable for the scheduled
unless replacement is foreseen. lifetime of the vessel. B oiler
manufacturers choose their
materials for construction based on
these considerations, even though
they are not spelled out in S ect. I.
This practice may need to be
documented for PED compliance,
or consultation with a notified body
familiar with the application of
S ect. I may suffice.
Welding consumables and other j oining PW-5 . 4, The general principles in S ect. I
materials need fulfill only the relevant S ect. II, Part C regarding selection of materials, P-
requirements of Points 4. 1 , 4. 2(a) , and the first numbers and welding procedure
paragraph of Point 4. 3 , in an appropriate way, qualifications all contribute to
both individually and in a j oined structure. meeting these requirements. This is
another case where consultation
with a notified body that is familiar
with the application of S ect. I will
contribute to determination of
having achieved an overall
equivalent level of safety.
4. 1 Materials for pressurized parts shall:
(a) Have appropriate properties for all PG-5 through The manufacturer of pressure
operating conditions which are reasonably PG-1 2, S ect. II, equipment is responsible for
foreseeable and for all test conditions, and Parts A, B , C, D. material selection for the intended
(partial) service. The materials shall meet the
requirements of
Annex I, Points 4. 1 (a) through
4. 1 (e). B oiler manufacturers choose
96

REFERENCE
their materials for construction
based on these considerations, even
though they are not spelled out in
S ect. I. This practice may need to be
documented for PED compliance.
in particular they should be sufficiently Point 7. 5 of Annex I requires
ductile and tough. materials to have 1 4% minimum
elongation and to meet a minimum
average value of 27 J (20 ft-lbs) at
20  C (68  F). Consultation with a
notified body that is familiar with
the application of S ect. I will
contribute to determination of
having achieved an overall
equivalent level of safety.
Where appropriate, the characteristics of PG-5 through For S ect. I applications, brittle-type
the materials shall comply with the PG-1 2, S ect. II, fracture is not a significant failure
requirements of Point 7. 5 . Moreover, due Parts A, B , C, mode. Materials will be approved if
care should be exercised in particular in and D. they have the following properties,
selecting materials in order to prevent (partial) or if an equivalent level of safety
brittle type fracture where necessary; where can be demonstrated. In the case of
for specific reasons brittle material has to S ect. I, its long history of boilers
be used, appropriate measures shall be with safe service life can be
taken; demonstrated through consultation
with a notified body that is familiar
with the application of S ect. I.
(b) B e sufficiently chemically resistant to the PG-5 , Note 1 , The PED requires the manufacturer
fluid contained in the pressure equipment; PG-6, PG-7, PG- to be responsible for material
the chemical and physical properties 8 and PG-9; selection for the intended service.
necessary for operational safety shall not be S ect. II, Part D, The materials must meet the
significantly affected within the scheduled App. 5 , 6 requirements of Points 4. 1 (a)
lifetime of the equipment; (partial) through 4. 1 (e) in Annex I. Chemical
and physical properties for
operational safety are implied in
S ect. I. S pecific guidance is given in
PG-5 , Note 1 , and may have to be
documented.
(c) Not be significantly affected by aging; S ect. II, Part D, (Note: S ect. I has no specific
App. 5 , 6 requirements for aging. )
(partial)
(d) B e suitable for the intended processing PG-6, PG-7, PG-
procedures; 8 and PG-9
(e) B e selected in order to avoid significant PW-5 , PW-28
undesirable effects when the various and PW-3 9
materials are put together.
4. 2 The pressure equipment manufacturer shall: PG-23 , S ect. II Materials will only be approved if
(a) Define in an appropriate manner the values Part D, App. 1 they have the specified properties or
necessary for the design calculations (partial) if an equivalent level of safety can
referred to in 2. 2. 3 and the essential be demonstrated. It may be
characteristics of the materials and their necessary to demonstrate that the
treatment referred to in 4. 1 . hydrotest temperature is above the
brittle transition temperature to
support decisions on selecting
materials.
97

REFERENCE
(b) The manufacturer shall provide in his (None) In 2001 , the European Commission
technical documentation elements relating determined that on the basis of
to compliance with the material Art. 1 1 , § 5 , no EAMs would be
specification of the Directive in one of the issued covering materials for which
following forms: there exists (or is under
(1 ) by using materials which (None) development) an equivalent
comply with harmonized harmonized European material
standards, specification. Therefore, the only
(2) by using materials covered by a (None) way to use AS ME S A materials in
European approval of pressure S ect. I boiler construction intended
equipment materials in for CE marking is to perform PMAs
accordance with Article. 1 5 , for each material for equipment in
(3) by a particular appraisal. (None) Category III and IV.
(c) For pressure equipment in categories III and (None) This becomes a problem only when
IV, a specific assessment of the PMA shall the manufacturer utilizes multiple
be performed by the NB in charge of the notified bodies. PMAs performed
CA procedures for the pressure equipment. by a notified body other than that
being used for the equipment in
question shall be repeated.
4. 3 The equipment manufacturer shall take PG-77,
appropriate measures to ensure that the App. A-3 02. 4
material used conforms to the required
specification.
In particular, documentation prepared by the PG-77,
material manufacturer affirming compliance App. A-3 02. 4
with the specification shall be obtained for all
materials.
For the main pressure bearing parts of PG-77, The manufacturer must ensure that
equipment in categories II, III, and IV, this App. A-3 02. 4 the material conforms to one of the
shall take the form of certificate of specific (partial) appropriate specifications and is
product control. supported by appropriate
certification.
a) For main pressure parts of
pressure equipment in
Categories II, III, and IV the
test certificates shall comply
with EN 1 0204, Types 3 . 1 or
3 . 2.
b) Certificates of Type 2. 2 are
acceptable for Category I
equipment.
c) Certificates of Type 2. 2 are
acceptable for welding
consumables for pressure
equipment in all categories.
Where the material manufacturer has an (None) For example, if the material
appropriate QA system, certified by a manufacturer holds accredited
competent body established within the certification to IS O 9000 from a
Community and having undergone a specific certification body established within
assessment of materials, certificates issued by the European Community, a
the manufacturer are presumed to certify the material certificate of the EN
conformity with relevant requirements of this 1 0204, 3 . 1 is acceptable. Where the
section. material manufacturer does not hold
such a certification, the pressure
equipment manufacturer is
responsible for determining the
certification requirements.
98

REFERENCE
5. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR
HEATED PRESSURE VESSELS
S pecific Pressure Equipment Requirements
In addition to the applicable requirements of
Points 1 to 4, the following requirements apply
to the pressure equipment covered by Points 5
and 6.
5. FIRED OR OTHERWIS E HEATED
PRES S URE EQUIPMENT WITH RIS K OF
OVERHEATING AS REFERRED TO IN
ARTICLE 4 (1 )
This pressure equipment includes:
(a) S team and hot water generators as referred Preamble S ect. I does not cover vessels in
to in Article 4(1 )(b), such as fired steam and (partial) which steam is generated for
hot-water boilers, superheaters and reheaters, internal use such as pressure
waste-heat boilers, waste incineration boilers, cookers.
electrode or immersion-type electrically heated
boilers, pressure cookers, together with their
accessories and where applicable their systems
for treatment of feedwater and for fuel supply,
and
(b) Process heating equipment for other than Preamble Unfired steam boilers can be built to
steam and hot water generation falling under (Partial) either S ect. I or S ect. VIII.
Article 3 , section 1 . 1 , such as heaters for
chemical and other similar processes and
pressurized food-processing equipment.
This pressure equipment shall be calculated, Part PG
designed, and constructed so as to avoid or to
minimize risks of a significant loss of
containment from overheating. In particular it
shall be ensured, where applicable, that:
(a) appropriate means of protection are PG-60 and
provided to restrict operating parameters PG-61
such as heat input, heat take-off and, where
applicable, fluid level so as to avoid any
risk of local and general overheating,
(b) sampling points are provided where PG-5 9. 3 and
required to allow evaluation of the PG-5 9. 4
properties of the fluid so as to avoid risks
related to deposits and/or corrosion,
(c) adequate provisions are made to eliminate PG-5 9. 3
risks of damage from deposits,
(d) safe removal of residual heat after None Normally provided for by boiler
shutdown are provided, designers
(e) steps are taken to avoid a dangerous None Normally provided for by boiler
accumulation of ignitable mixtures and designers
99

REFERENCE
combustible substances and air, or flame
flowback.
6. PIPING AS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE S ect. I contains requirements for
4(1 )(c) piping within the boiler proper as
defined in Fig. PG-5 8 . 3 . 1 and Fig.
PG-5 8 . 3 . 2. Those figures also
define the limits of boiler external
piping, the design and construction
rules for which are contained in
AS ME B 3 1 . 1 , Power Piping. PED
compliance for the completed boiler
will be demonstrated by using the
combination of AS ME S ect. I and
AS ME B 3 1 . 1 to meet the ES Rs for
piping.
Design and construction shall ensure: PG-27. 2. 2,
PG-5 8
(a) that the risk of overstressing from PG-5 9. 1 . 2;
inadmissible free movement or excessive B 3 1 . 1 § ’ s 1 1 9,
forces being produced, e. g. , on flanges, 1 20, 1 21 , and
connections, bellows or hoses is adequately 1 22. 1 . 1
controlled by means such as support,
constraint, anchoring, alignment, and
pretension;
(b) that where there is a possibility of PG-5 8 . 3 . 7 and
condensation occurring inside pipes for PG-5 9. 4; B 3 1 . 1
gaseous fluids, means are provided for § ’ s 1 01 . 5 . 1 and
drainage and removal of deposits from low 1 22. 1 . 5
areas to avoid damage from water hammer
or corrosion.
(c) that due to consideration is given to the PG-5 9. 2; B 3 1 . 1
potential damage from turbulence and § 1 02. 4
formation of vortices; the relevant parts of
Point 2. 7 are applicable;
(d) that due consideration is given to the risk of PG-5 9. 1 . 2; Note 3 to AS ME B 3 1 . 1 § 1 1 9. 7
fatigue due to vibrations in pipes; B 3 1 . 1 § 1 01 . 5. 4 describes how fatigue is considered
and App. D in the stress intensification factors
of App. D. Manufacturers may have
to describe this in the context of a
proven history of safe operation of
B 3 1 . 1 piping systems to
demonstrate compliance with this
requirement.
(e) that, where fluids of Group 1 are contained N/A
in the piping, appropriate means are
provided to isolate “take - off” pipes the size
of which represents a significant risk;
(f) that the risk of inadvertent discharge is N/A
minimized; the take-off points must be
clearly marked on the permanent side,
indicating the fluid contained;
1 00

REFERENCE
(g) that the position and route of underground None Neither S ect. I nor B 3 1 . 1 contain
piping is at least recorded in the technical requirements for mapping of
documentation to facilitate safe underground piping. S uch
maintenance, inspection, or repair. documentation would have to be
furnished and can easily be derived
from plans and blueprints for the
buried piping system.
7. SPECIFIC QUANTITIVE
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN
PRESSURE EQUIPMENT
The following provisions apply as a general The specified quantitative
rule. However, where they are not applied, requirements apply as a general
including in cases where materials are not rule. Other values may be used but
specifically referred to and no harmonized the manufacturer must be able to
standards are applied, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the notified body
demonstrate that appropriate measures have that appropriate measures have been
been taken to achieve an equivalent overall taken to demonstrate that equivalent
level of safety. overall level of safety has been
achieved.
The provisions laid down in this section
supplement the essential requirements of
sections 1 to 6 for the pressure equipment to
which they apply.
7. 1 Allowable stresses
7. 1 . 1 S ymbols For the materials not listed in § 7. 1 ,
the allowable stresses are left to the
Re /t, yield limit, indicates the value at the manufacturer, who must
calculation temperature of: demonstrate that an equivalent
a) The upper flow limit for a material overall safety has been achieved.
presenting upper and lower flow limits, For this obj ective, the manufacturer
b) The 1 . 0% proof strength of austenitic steel may refer to harmonized ENs,
and non-alloyed aluminum, codes, and specifications approved
c) The 0. 2% proof strength in other cases. by the CEN Technical Committee
(e. g. , EN1 295 2, Water Tube
Rm /20 indicates the minimum value of the B oilers, and EN1 295 3 , S hell
ultimate strength at 20  C. B oilers) .
Rm /t designates the ultimate strength at the
calculation temperature.
7. 1 . 2 The permissible general membrane stress for S ect. II, Part D, (Note: In general, the allowable
predominantly static loads and for temperatures Table 1 A, and design stresses in AS ME S ect. II,
outside the range in which creep is significant App. 1 Part D, are acceptable. The
must not exceed the smaller of the following manufacturer must verify that the
values, according to the material used: AS ME B PVC allowable design
stresses meet the PED criteria in
each particular case. )
a) in the case of ferritic steel including (Partial)
normalized (normalized rolled) steel and
excluding fine grain steel and specially
heat-treated steel, 2/3 of Re /t and 5 /1 2 of
Rm /20 ;
1 01

REFERENCE
b) in the case of austenitic steel (Partial) (Note: S ect. I permits allowable
(1 ) if its elongation after rupture stress, S ≤ 0.9 S Y for certain

exceeds 3 0%, 2/3 of Re /t austenitic stainless steels that do not
(2) or, alternatively, and if its meet the limitations in Point 7. 1 . 2
elongation after rupture exceeds of Annex I. )
3 5 %, 5 /6 of Re /t and 1 /3 of Rm
/20 ;
c) in the case of non-alloy or low alloy cast
steel, 1 0/1 9 of Re /t and 1 /3 of Rm /20 ;
d) in the case of aluminum, 2/3 of Re / t;
e) in the case of aluminum alloys, excluding
precipitation hardening alloys, 2/3 of R e /t
and 5 /1 2 of Rm /20 .
7. 2 Joint Coefficients
For welded j oints, the j oint coefficient must not PG-27. 4,
exceed the following values: Note 1 , PW-1 1
a) for equipment subj ect to destructive and and PW-41
non-destructive tests which confirm that
the whole series of j oints show no
significant defects: 1 ,
b) for equipment subj ect to random NDT:
0. 8 5 ,
c) for equipment not subj ect to NDT other
than visual inspection: 0. 7.
If necessary, the type of stress and the
mechanical and technological properties of the
j oint must also be taken into account,
7. 3 Pressure limiting devices, particularly for
pressure vessels
The momentary surge referred to in 2. 1 1 . 2 PG-67. 2 PG-67. 2 limits this to 6% of
must be kept to 1 0% of the maximum MAWP.
allowable pressure.
7. 4 Hydrostatic test pressure
For pressure vessels, the hydrostatic test
pressure referred to in Point 3 . 2. 2 shall be no
less than:
a) That corresponding to the maximum PG-99
loading to which the pressure equipment
may be subj ect to in service, taking into
account its maximum allowable pressure
and its maximum allowable temperature,
multiplied by a coefficient of 1 . 25 , or
b) The maximum allowable pressure PG-99 PG-99. 3 limits the amount of stress
multiplied by the coefficient 1 . 43 , on any component in the boiler
whichever is greater. system, which meets the intent of
the EC’s WG Pressure Guideline

8 /2.
1 02

REFERENCE
7. 5 Material Characteristics
Unless other values are required in accordance PG-5 through Materials will be approved if they
with other criteria that must be taken into PG-1 2, S ect. II, have the listed properties, or if an
account, a steel is considered as sufficiently Parts A, B , C, D. equivalent level of safety can be
ductile to satisfy Point 4. 1 (a) if, in a tensile test (partial) demonstrated. In the case of S ect. I,
carried out by a standard procedure, its its long history of boilers with safe
elongation after rupture is no less than 1 4% service life can be demonstrated
and through consultation with a notified
body that is familiar with the
application of S ect. I.
its bending rupture energy measured on an IS O None For S ect. I boilers, the operating
V test-piece is no less than 27 J, at a range is not near the transition
temperature no greater than 20  C but not temperature and the WG Pressure
higher than the lowest scheduled operating Guideline 7/1 7 should apply. The
temperature. guidelines related to the PED are in
the process of being updated- see
S ection 1 4 of this document.
Consultation with a notified body
that is familiar with the application
of S ect. I will contribute to
determination of having achieved an
overall equivalent level of safety.
Note: Any reference to the Code in this table means AS ME S ection I.
N/A = not applicable.
1 03
14 GUIDELINES RELATED TO PED 201 4/68/EU

1 4.1 Purpose of the Guidelines
To ensure a coherent application of the PED 201 4/68 /EU, the Commission WGP is developing Guidelines
for implementation of the Directive. The Working Group is compos ed of representatives of Member S tates,
European Federation, the Notified B odies Forum, and CEN and is chaired by a representative of the
Commission services. The PED Guidelines for Directive 97/23 /EC are being reviewed and are being
updated, and possibly will be issued as a PED Guideline under the new Directive 201 4/68 /EU. Also, new
guidelines may be issued to support the implementation of the Directive. The updated Guidelines will be
made available when they are endorsed by the WGP.
1 4.2 Status of the Guidelines

The PED Guidelines are a not a legally binding interpretation of the Directive. The legally binding text is
that of the Directive. The PED Guidelines provide a reference for ensuring consistent application of the
Directive. They represent, unless indicated differently in the respective guideline text, the unanimous
opinion of the Member S tates.
1 4.3 Classification of the Guidelines

The Guidelines have an x/yy type identification
 (x) relates to the subj ect (A, B , C, etc. ),
 (yy) is a sequential numbering
NOTE: The Guideline retains the sequential numbering as far as possible. For example, the new guideline
A-24 under the new PED 201 4/68 /EU corresponds to Guideline 1 -24 under PED 97/23 /EC.
The letter x refers to one of the following subj ects:
A. S COPE AND EXCLUS IONS OF THE DIRECTIVE
B. CLAS IFICATION AND CATEGORIES
C. AS S EMB LIES
D. EVALUATION AS S ES S EMENT PROCEDURES
E. INTERPRETATION OF THE ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS ON ON DES IGN
F. INTERPRETATION OF THE ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS ON
MANUFACTURING
G. INTERPRETATION OF THE ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS ON MATERIALS
H. INTERPRETATION OF OTHER ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS
I. MIS CELLANEOUS
J. GENERAL- HORIZONTAL QUES TIONS
1 4.4 Inquiries
Remarks or questions concerning the PED should be addressed via the e-mail to the unit in the European
Commission dealing with the PED:
GROW-PRES S URE-EQUIPMENT@ ec. europa. eu
1 04
REFERENCES
[1] Directive 201 4/68 /EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 1 5 May 201 4.
[2] AS ME PTB -1 0-201 5 - Guide for AS ME S ection VIII, Division 1 S tamp Holders , AS ME, (201 5 ).
[3] ASME BPVC Section I, “Power Boilers,” AS ME.
[4] ASME BPVC Section II Part D, “Materials Properties,” AS ME.
[5] ASME BPVC Section V, “Nondestructive Examination,” AS ME.
[6] ASME B31.1, “Power Piping,” AS ME.
1 05
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE DIRECTIVES

CE marking: products in compliance with all the provisions of the applicable Directives, which provide for
the CE marking, must bear this marking. Thus, the CE marking indicates, in particular, that the products
comply with the essential requirements of all applicable Directives and that the products have been subj ect
to a conformity assessment procedure provided for in the Directive. Furthermore, Member S tates are
obliged to take appropriate measures to protect the CE marking.
conformity assessment procedures: before placing a product on the Community market, the Manufacturer
must subj ect the product to a conformity assessment procedure provided for in the applicable Directive, with
the intent of affixing the CE marking.
coordination of implementation: where the Member State or the Commission considers that a harmonized
standard does not fully meet the essential requirements of a Directive, the matter will be brought to the
attention of the committee set up by Directive 98 /3 4/EC (i. e. , Committee on technical standards and
regulations). The Commission, taking into account the committee's opinion, shall notify the Member S tates
to whether or not the standard should be withdrawn from the list published in the OJEU.
Many New Approach Directives provide for a S tanding Committee, which may assist the Commission in
delivering its opinion on the draft measures proposed to implement the provisions of the relevant Directive
and to examine any matter relating to implementation and practical application of the Directive.
Furthermore, regular meetings to discuss implementation issues take place as working groups, which are
composed of representatives appointed by Member S tates and interest groups (e. g. , notified bodies,
standards organizations, manufacturers, distributors, and trade unions), chaired by the Commission.
essential safety requirements (ESR): essential requirements are set out in annexes to the Directives, and
include all that is necessary to achieve the obj ectives of the Directive. Products may be placed on the
market and put into service only if they are in compliance with the essential requirements.
New Approach Directives are generally designed to cover all typical risks related to public interest that the
Directive intends to protect. Thus compliance with Community legislation often requires simultaneous
application of several New Approach Directives and, possibly, other Community legislation. Furthermore,
some elements may have been left outside the scope of the applicable Community legislation. This allows
member states to draw up national legislation, in accordance with Articles 3 0 and 3 6 of the Treaty.
free movement: Member S tates must presume that products bearing CE marking comply with all provisions
of the applicable Directives providing for its affixing. Accordingly, Member S tates may not prohibit,
restrict, or impede the placing on the market and putting into service in their territory of products bearing
CE marking, unless the provisions relating to CE marking are incorrectly applied.
— —
As an exemption, Member S tates may prohibit, restrict, or impede the free movement of products bearing
CE marking in accordance with Articles 3 0 and 3 6 of the Treaty because of risk that is not covered
by the applicable Directives.
notified bodies (NB): third party conformity assessment is carried out by notified bodies, which have been
designated by the Member S tates from the bodies, established on their territory, that fulfill the requirements
specified in the Directive.
placing on the market and putting into service: Member S tates are obliged to take the necessary measures
to ensure that products are placed on the market and put into service only if they do not endanger the safety
and health of persons, or other public interests covered by the Directive, when properly installed,
maintained, and used for the intended purposes. This entails an obligation for market surveillance on the
part of the Member S tates.
1 06
Member S tates are allowed to adopt, in Compliance with the Treaty (e. g. , Articles 3 0 and 3 6), additional
national provisions to protect, in particular, workers, consumers, or the environment. However, these provi-
sions may neither require modifications of the product nor influence the conditions for its pl acing on the
market.
presumption of conformity: products that comply with national standards, which have been incorporated
into harmonized standards and the reference numbers of which have been published in the OJEU, are
presumed to comply with the corresponding essential requirements. Where the Manufacturer has not
applied, or has only partially applied such a standard, it must document the measures taken and their
adequacy to comply with the essential requirements.
safeguard clause: Member S tates are obliged to take all appropriate measures to prohibit or restrict the
placing on the market of products bearing CE marking or to withdraw them from the market, if these
products may compromise the safety and health of individuals or other public interest covered by the
applicable Directives, when the products are used for their intended purpose. Furthermore, the Member
S tate must inform the Commission of such a measure. Where the Commission considers the national
measure j ustified, it informs all Member S tates who must take appropriate action.
scope: defines the range of products covered by the Directive, or nature of hazards the Directive is intended
to avert. It usually covers risks related to a product (i. e. , product approach) or risks related to a phenomena
(i. e. , risk approach). Accordingly, a product may be covered by several Directives.
transposition and transitional provisions: Member S tates are required to incorporate the provisions of the
Directives into their national legislation. They must inform the Commission of the measures taken.
Member S tates must permit the placing on the market products that are in compliance with regulations in
force in their territory at the date of application of the Directive in question, until the date established by the
Directive. Under certain restrictions, such products must also be permitted to be placed into service beyond
that date.
1 07
APPENDIX B: CONTENTS OF THE PED

ARTICLES
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1 S cope
Article 2 Definitions
Article 3 Making available on the market and putting into service
Article 4 Technical requirements*
Article 5 Free movement
CHAPTER 2 OB LIGATIONS OF ECONOMICAL OPERTORS
Article 6 Obligations of manufacturers
Article 7 Authorized representatives
Article 8 Obligations of importers
Article 9 Obligations of distributors
Article 1 0 Cases in which obligations apply to importers and distributors
Article 1 1 Identification of economic operators
CHAPTER 3 CONFORMITY AND CLAS S IFICATION OF PRES S URE EQUIPMENT AND AS S EMB LIES
Article 1 2 Presumption of conformity
Article 1 3 Classification of Pressure Equipment*
Article 1 4 Conformity assessment procedures*
Article 1 5 European approval for materials*
Article 1 6 User inspectorates
Article 1 7 EU declaration of conformity
Article 1 8 General principles of the CE Marking*
Article 1 9 Rules and conditions for affixing the CE marking*
CHAPTER 4 NOTIFICATION OF CONFORMITY AS S ES S MENT B ODIES
Article 20 Notification
Article 21 Notifying authority
Article 22 Requirements relating to notifying authorities
Article 23 Information obligation on notifying authorities
Article 24 Requirements relating to notified bodies and recognized third party organizations
Article 25 Requirements relating to user inspectorates
Article 26 Presumptions of conformity of conformity assessment bodies
Article 27 S ubsidiaries of and subcontracting by conformity assessment bodies
Article 28 Application for notification
Article 29 Notification procedure
Article 3 0 Identification numbers and lists of notified bodies
Article 3 1 Lists of recognized third-party organizations and user inspectorates
Article 3 2 Changes to notification
Article 3 3 Challenge of the competence of notified bodies, recognized third party organizations, and user
inspectorates
Article 3 4 Operational obligations of notified bodies, user inspectorates, and recognized third party
organizations
Article 3 5 Appeal against decisions of notified bodies, recognized third party organizations, and user
inspectorates
Article 36 Information obligation of notified bodies, recognized third party organizations, and user
inspectorates
Article 3 7 Exchange of experience
Article 3 8 Coordination of notified bodies, recognized third party organizations, and user inspectorates
CHAPTER 5 UNION MARKET S URVEILLANCE, CONTROL OF PRES S URE EQUIPMENT AND AS S EMB LIES
ENTERING THE UNION MARKET, AND UNION S AFEGUARD PROCEDURES
1 08
Article 3 9 Union market surveillance and control of pressure equipment and assemblies entering the Union
market
Article 40 Procedure for dealing with pressure equipment or assemblies presenting risk at national level
Article 41 Union safeguard procedure
Article 42 Compliant pressure equipment or assemblies which present a risk
Article 43 Formal non-compliance
CHAPTER 6 COMMITTEE PROCEDURE AND DELEGATED ACTS
Article 44 Committee procedure
Article 45 Delegated power
Article 46 Exercise of the delegation
CHAPTER 7 TRANS ITIONAL AND FINAL POS ITIONS
Article 47 Penalties
Article 48 Transitional provisions
Article 49 Transposition*
Article 5 0 Repeal
Article 5 1 Entry into force and application
Article 5 2 Addresses
ANNEXES
Annex I Essential S afety Requirements*
Annex II Conformity Assessment Tables*
Annex III Conformity Assessment Procedures*
Annex IV EU Declaration of Conformity
Annex V Part A: Repealed Directive with list of the successive amendments thereto
Part B : Time limits for transposition into national law and date of application
Annex VI Correlation (of this Directive and Directive 97/23 /EC)
1 09
APPENDIX C: FLOWCHART FOR PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (201 4/68/EU)
110
APPENDIX D: PED EXCLUSIONS

(ARTICLE 1-§2 OF THE PED)
(1) pipeline for conveyance of fluids
(2) water network
(3) simple pressure vessels (201 4/29/EU)
(4) aerosol dispenser (75 /3 24/EEC)
(5) equipment for functioning of vehicles
(6) equipment classified as no higher than Category I under Article 1 3 and covered by one of the
Directives listed in Article 1 - § 2(f) of Directive 201 4/68 /EU.
(7) equipment of Article 3 46 of the Treaty
(8) equipment designed for nuclear use
(9) equipment used in petroleum, gas, or geothermal exploration or extraction
(1 0) equipment comprising casings or machinery, where pressure is not a significant factor, including
engines, turbines, internal combustion engines, compressors, pumps, actuating devices, etc. )
(11) blast furnace
(12) enclosure for high-voltage electrical equipment
(13) pressurized pipe for electrical power and telephone cable
(14) ship, rocket, aircraft, off-shore
(15) tire, flexible casing
(16) exhaust and inlet silencer
(17) bottle or can for carbonated drinks
(18) vessel for drinks PS . V ≤ 5 00 bar L and P ≤ 7 bar

(19) equipment covered by Directive 2008 /68 /EC and Directive 201 0/3 5 /EU and equipment for carriage
of dangerous goods
(20) radiator and pipe in warm heating system
(21) vessel contained liquid with a gas pressure above the liquid ≤ 0. 5 bar
111
APPENDIX E: GRAPHS FOR HAZARD CATEGORIES

The following graphs reproduce those given in the PED (Annex II, Tables 1 through 9), with correction of
the errors.
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, vessels intended to contain an unstable gas and falling within categories I or II on the basis of PED Table
1 shall be classified in category III.
TABLE 1 VESSELS CONTAINING GROUP 1 GAS
(PED Table 1, Vessels referred to in Article 4(1)(a)(i), first indent)
112
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, portable extinguishers and bottles for breathing equipment shall be class ified
at leas t in category III.
TABLE 2 VESSELS CONTAINING A GROUP 2 GAS
(PED Table 2, Vessels referred to in Article 4(1)(a)(i), second indent)
113
TABLE 3 VESSELS CONTAINING A GROUP 1 LIQUID
(PED Table 3, Vessels referred to in Article 4(1)(a)(ii), first indent)
114
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, ass emblies intended for generating warm water as referred to in the second indent of
Article 4(2), shall be subj ect either to an EU design examination (Module B - Design Type) with respect to their
conformity with the ess ential requirements referred to in Sections 2. 10, 2. 11 , 3 . 4, 5 (a), and 5 (d) of Annex I, or to full
quality ass urance ( Module H) .
TABLE 4 VESSELS CONTAINING A GROUP 2 LIQUID
(PED Table 4, Vessels referred to in Article 4(1)(a)(ii), Second indent)
115
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, the des ign of press ure- cookers s hall be subj ect to a conformity as ses s ment procedure
equivalent to at leas t one of the category III modules .
TABLE -5 BOILERS
(PED Table 5, Pressure Equipment referred to in Article 4(1)(b))
116
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, piping intended for unstable gases and falling within categories I or II on the bas is of PED Table
6 shall be class ified in category III.
TABLE 6 PIPING CONTAINING A GROUP 1 GAS
(PED Table 6, Piping referred to in Article 4(1)(c)(i), first indent)
117
GENERAL NOTE: Exceptionally, all piping containing fluids at a temperature greater than 3 5 0° C and falling within category II on the basis
of PED Table 7 shall be classified in category III.
TABLE 7 PIPING CONTAINING A GROUP 2 GAS
(PED Table 7, Piping referred to in Article 4(1)(c)(i), second indent)
118
TABLE 8 PIPING CONTAINING A GROUP 1 LIQUID
(PED Table 8, Piping referred to in Article 4(1 )(c)(ii), first indent)
119
TABLE 9 PIPING CONTAINING A GROUP 2LIQUID
(PED Table 9, Piping referred to in Article 4(1 )(c)(ii), second indent)
1 20
APPENDIX F: MANUFACTURERS AND NOTIFIED BODIES

ACTIVITIES OF MANUFACTURERS AND NOTIFIED BODIES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Manufacturer and Notified Body Activities in Relation to Hazard
Categories and Conformity Assessment Procedures
Hazard Categories
I II II II III III III IV IV
Procedures
Range of Activities Operation A A2 D1 E1 B +F H B 1 +D G H1
Design
Design Contractual documents M M M M M M M M M
Design review M M M M M M M M M
Design approval … … … … NB … NB NB NB
(a) purchase specifications M M M M M M M M M
(b) subcontracting specifications (including M M M M M M M M M
accessories)
Production technical Check
specifications
(a) forming procedures M M M M NB M NB NB NB
(b) welding procedures M M M M NB M NB NB NB
(c) testing procedures M M M M NB M NB NB NB
Issue of EC design-examination certificate … … … … NB … NB … NB

Materials and Subcontracting
Inspection at material Attendance when sampling intended to make NA NA NA(1 )
m anufacturer’s factory specimens.
Attendance during tests and destructive
testing.
Non-destructive Check the validity of operator approvals that M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
testing of materials at NDT reports are issued, and that results (2)
material conform to the purchase specifications.
m anufacturer’s factory
Acceptance Check that information and test results M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
certificates for base recorded in the inspection documents (2)
materials conform to the purchase specifications.
Acceptance Check that information and test results M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
certificates for welding recorded in the inspection documents (2)
consumables conform to the purchase specifications.
Check of products on (a) Check that M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
stock (1 ) satisfying inspection documents are (2)
issued
(2) information and test results, recorded in
the
1 21

Hazard Categories
Procedures
inspection documents, comply with the
requirements of the Code.
(b) When additional tests and testing are to M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
be conducted, the following items apply:
(1 ) attendance when sampling intended to
make
specimens
(2) attendance during tests and testing
…
(3 ) check of test and testing reports
Identification of (a) Check that the product identification and M M/NB M M M M NB M/NB
products marking conform to the specification and (3 ) (2)
(traceability) inspection documents in accordance with the
…
provisions of M1 . 9.
(b) Check the permanent identification M M/NB M M M M NB M/NB
procedure and transfer of marking during the (3 ) (2)
fabrication is in accordance with the
provisions of F1 . 2. 2.
Acceptance of S ame works as those performed for S ee activities related to corresponding works.
subcontracted components carried out by the
components Manufacturer.
Works Prior to Welding

Welding procedure Check M M/NB M M NB M NB NB M/NB
specifications (a) of the validity of the welding procedure (3 )(4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
(4)
specification approved for the j oint under
consideration
(b) that the welding procedure specification
is within the scope of the welding procedure
approval
Welding procedure Check that the welding procedures have M M/NB M M NB M NB NB M/NB
approvals been approved in accordance with the (3 )(4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
(4)
provisions of Annex FA2.
Welders and operators Check M M/NB M M NB M NB NB M/NB
approvals (a) that the welders and operators have been (3 )(4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2)(4)
(4)
approved in accordance with the provisions
of F1 . 4. 2
(b) the validity in time of approvals
(c) the validity of the approval for the j oint
under consideration
Supervision During Fabrication

Instructions Check that instructions for fabrication and M M M M M/NB M M M/NB M
testing applicable to the poste de travail are
issued.
1 22

Hazard Categories
Procedures
S upervision during Check that instructions for fabrication and M M M M M/NB M M M/NB M
fabrication testing are suitably applied. In particular,
visual examination of welds before back
welding and when completed.
Destructive Testing of Welded Joints on Specimens

Performance of (a) Attendance when sampling specimens M M M M NB M M NB M
specimens and stamping.
(b) Check of post-welding heat treatments M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
carried out independently of the vessel. (2)
Non-destructive Examination of radiographs or attendance to M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
testing of specimens ultrasonic examination. (3 )
Mechanical tests (a) S tamping of specimens intended to M M M M NB M M NB M
mechanical tests.
(b) Attendance to mechanical tests. M M M M NB M M NB M/NB
(3 )
Testing and test reports Examination of testing and test reports M M/NB M M NB M M NB M/NB
drawn up by the manufacturer. (3 )
Non-destructive Testing of Welded Joints

Instructions and Check that M M/NB M M NB M NB NB NB
procedures (a) instruction and NDT procedure drawn up (3 ) (2)
by the Manufacturer are issued and comply
with the Code requirements
(b) the drafter is competent M M/NB M M NB M NB NB NB
(3 ) (2)
Testing operators Check that the testing operators are M M/NB M M NB M NB NB NB
approved. (4) (4) (4) (4) (2)(4)
Non destructive testing (a) Examination of radiographs M M M M M/NB M M M/NB M
(b) Attendance to examination other than
radiographic
Examination
Testing reports Examination of testing and test reports M M/NB M M NB M M NB M/NB
drawn up by the Manufacturer. (3 ) (2)
Acceptance of the Vessel

Technical Examination of the technical documentation M M M M NB M M NB M
documentation
Calibration of Random examination of calibration reports M M M M NB M M NB M
measuring devices related to measuring devices used for
strength test, dimensional check, and other
testing and tests.
Examination of the Visual examination of all accessible parts of M M/NB M M NB M/NB M NB M/NB
completed vessel the vessel prior to strength test and possible (3 ) (3 ) (3 )
lining or painting.
1 23

Hazard Categories
Procedures
S trength test (a) Check that test instructions are issued. M M/NB M M NB M/NB M NB M/NB
(3 ) (3 ) (3 )
(b) Attendance to tests, visual examination M M/NB M M NB M/NB M NB M/NB
of the vessel during and after the tests. (3 ) (3 ) (3 )
(c) Check of nameplate marking M M/NB M M NB M/NB M NB M/NB
(3 ) (3 ) (3 )
Vessel acceptance (a) Issue inspection and strength test M M M M M M M M M
certificate.
(b) Certificates of conformity to Directive M M M M M M M M M
Documents to be Examination of construction and M M/NB M M NB M M NB M/NB
available manufacturer documentation, and check that (3 )(6) (3 )
they comply with the Code requirements.
CE marking (5 ) M M M M M M M M M
Certificate of conformity … … … … NB … NB …
Affixing of the Notified B ody identification … M/NB M M M/NB M/NB M M/NB M/NB
number (5 ) (3 ) (3 )
GENERAL NOTES :
NB : Notified B ody 1 00%,
M: Manufacturer 1 00%,
M/NB : Manufacturer 1 00%, Notified B ody: random ass ess ment on the basis of his knowledge of the Manufacturer quality system (if applicable), or of procedures in force.
The Conformity Assessment Procedure B 1 no longer exists in Directive 201 4/68 /EU. The following conformity assess ment procedures are used In Table V-2-1 :
B : Conformity Ass essment Procedure B – Production Type, and

B 1 : Conformity Assess ment Procedure B – Design Type.
NOTES :
(1 ) These are activities if the material Manufacturer does not apply a quality assurance system.
(2) This may performed during final assess ment.
(3 ) Performed by unexpected visits of the Notified B ody.
(4) Approvals are witnessed by a recognized Third Party or by a Notified B ody.
(5 ) For the user ins pectorate activity, there is no CE marking nor stamping of identification number.
(6) The Notified B ody must perform or must have performed the final assess ment for each equipment for the following:
(a) vessels and equipment of hazard category III fired or heated with the risk of overheating intended for generation of steam or super-heated water at temperatures
higher than 1 1 0 ⁰ C having a volume greater than 2L
(b) pressure cookers, serially constructed in accordance with the procedure of the module H, for unit production using confor mity assess ment procedure H
For this purpose, the Manufacturer must submit to the Notified B ody the proj ect of production program.
1 24
APPENDIX G: DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

The EU declaration of conformity shall contain the following:
1 . Pressure equipment or assembly (product, type, batch or serial number) .
2. Name and address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative.
3 . This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer.
4. Obj ect of the declaration (identification of pressure equipment or assembly allowing traceability; it may, where
necessary for the identification of the pressure equipment or assembly, include an image):
— description of the pressure equipment or assembly,

— conformity assessment procedure followed,
— in the case of assemblies, description of the pressure equipment constituting the assembly, and the conformity
assessment procedures followed.
5 . The obj ect of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation.
6. References to the relevant harmonized standards used or references to the other technical specifications in relation
to which conformity is declared.
7. Where appropriate, the name, address, and number of the notified body which carried out the conformity assessment
and the number of the certificate issued, and a reference to the EU-type examination certificate – production type, EU-
type examination certificate – design type, EU design examination certificate or certificate of conformity.
8 . Additional information:
S igned for and on behalf of
(place and date of issue)
(name, function) (signature)
(where appropriate, particulars of the signatory authorized to sign the legally binding declaration for the
manufacturer or his authorized representative).
1 25
APPENDIX H: RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MANUFACTURER

1.1 MANUFACTURER
(a) A manufacturer, in the meaning of New Approach, is the person who is responsible for designing and
manufacturing a product with a view of placing it on the Community market on his or her own behalf.
(b) The manufacturer has an obligation to ensure that a pro duct intended to be placed on the Community
market is designed and manufactured, and its conformity assessed, to the essential requirements in
accordance with the provisions of the applicable New Approach directive(s).
(c) The manufacturer may use finished products, ready-made parts or components or may subcontract tasks.
However, the manufacturer must always retain overall control and have the necessary competence to take
the responsibility for the product.
(d) The manufacturer is any natural or legal person who is responsible for designing or manufacturing a
*
product with a view of placing it on the Community market under his or her own name. The responsibilities
of the manufacturer apply also to any natural or legal person who assembles, packs, processes, and/or labels
readymade products with a view to their being placed on the Community market under his or her own name.
Furthermore, the responsibility of the manufacturer is placed on any person who changes the intended use
of a product in such a way that the different essential requirement will become applicable, or substantially
modify or rebuild a product, thus creating a new product, with a view of placing it on the Community
market.
(e) The manufacturer may design and manufacture the product. As an alternative, the manufacturer may
have it designed, manufactured, assembled, packed, processed, and/or labeled with a view of placing it on
the Community market under his or her own name, thus being presented as a manufacturer. Where
subcontracting takes place, the manufacturer must retain the overall control for the product and ensure
receipt of all the information that is necessary to fulfill the manufacturer’ s responsibilities according to New
Approach directives.
(f) The manufacturer who subcontracts some or all activities may in no circumstances discharge himself
from responsibilities (e. g. , to an authorized representative, a distributor, or retailer, a wholesaler, a user, or
a subcontractor).
(g) The manufacturer has sole and ultimate responsibility for conformity of the product to the applicable
directives. The manufacturer is responsible for
(1 ) designing and manufacturing the product in accordance with essential requirements laid down by the
directive(s)
(2) carrying out conformity assessment in accordance with the procedure(s) laid down by the
directive(s).
(h) The manufacturer is obliged to understand both the design and construction of the product to be able to
take the responsibility for the product [i. e. , for its being in compliance with all the provisions of the relevant
New Approach directive(s)] . Regarding conformity assessment, the manufacturer’ s responsibility depends
on the procedure applied. As a general rule, the manufacture must take all measures necessary to ensure
that the manufacturing process assures compliance of the products (e. g. , to operate a quality system), to
affix the CE marking to the product, to establish a technical documentation, and to draw up EC declaration
of conformity. Depending on the directive, the manufacturer may be required to submit the product to a
third party (usually a notified body) for product testing and certification, or to have the quality system
certified by a notified body. In addition, several directives set up complementary obligations (e. g. , the
†
requirement to accompany the product with specified information).
*
The manufacturer is not defined in the New Approach directives, with the exemption of the directives relating to medical devices
and in vitro diagnostic medical devices.

†
For responsibilities of manufacturers and notified bodies according to each conformity assessment procedure, see Chapter V, p ara.
4 and Appendix G of this Guide.
1 26
‡
(i) Directives usually require that the manufacturer is identified on the product. However, sometimes it is
not possible to identify the person who, in reality, was in charge of designing and manufacturing the
product.
In certain sectors this does not reduce the responsibilities of the person who placed the product on the
Community market (e. g. , any natural or legal person who imports a product from a third country with a view
of placing it on the Community market) . Accordingly, this person must ensure that the product complies
with the applicable directives, and that the appropriate conformity assessment procedure has been
§
conducted.
(j) A product may be put into service without prior placing on the market (e. g. , a product manufactured for
own use). In such a case the person who puts the product into service must assume the responsibility of the
manufacturer. Accordingly, this person must ensure that the product complies with the directive, and that
the appropriate conformity assessment has been conducted.
(k) New approach directives do not require the manufacturer to be established in the community. Thus, the
responsibilities of the manufacturer established outside the community are equal to those of the
manufacturer established in a Member S tate.
‡
S ee the applicable directives.
§
This has explicitly been laid down in the directives relating to machinery and lifts. According to article 8 (6) of the lift directive,
regulations regarding the conformity assessment procedure fall to any person placing the product on the market in the Community,
where neither the manufacturer nor his authorized representative established in the Community or the installer of the lift fulfills
these obligations.
1 27
1.2 PLACING ON THE MARKET AND PUTTING INTO SERVICE

(a) A product must comply with the applicable New Approach directives when it is placed on the Community
market for the first time or put into service.
(b) Placing on the market is the initial action of making a product available for the first time on the
Community market, with a view to distribution and/or use in the Community. Availability can be either for
payment or free of charge.
(c) Placing into service takes place at the moment of first use within the Community by the end user.
However, the need to ensure, in the framework of market surveillance, that products are in compliance with
the provisions of the directive when being put into service is limited to products, which are not directly
ready for use at the stage of placing on the market, whose compliance may be influenced by the distribution
conditions, and/or which are not placed on the market prior to putting into service.
1.2.1 Placing on the Market**
(a) New Approach directives are designed to ensure free movement of products that comply with the high
level of protection laid down in the applicable directives. Therefore, Member S tates may not prohibit,
release, or impede the placing on the market of such products. However, Member S tates are allowed to
adopt, in compliance with the Treaty (e. g. , articles 3 0 and 3 6), additional national provisions regarding the
††
use, and which are intended for the protection of workers or other users, or the environment. S uch
national provisions may neither require modifications or a product manufactured in accordance with the
provisions of the applicable directives, nor influence the conditions for its placing on the Community
market.
(b) A product is placed on the Community market when it is made available for the first time. This is
considered to take place when the product is transferred (or offered to be transferred) from the stage of
manufacture with the intention of distribution and/or use on the Community market. Moreover, the concept
of placing on the market refers to each individual product, not to a type of product, and whether it was
manufactured as an individual unit or in series.
(c) The transfer of the product takes place either from the manufacturer, or the authorized representative
in the Community, to the importer established in the Community, or to the person responsible for
distributing the product on the Community market. The transfer may also take place directly from the
manufacturer, or the authorized representative in the Community, to the final consumer or user.
1.2.2 Putting into Service

Putting into service takes place at the moment of the first use within the Community by the end user.
Products must comply with the provisions of the applicable New Approach directives and other
Community legislation when they are put into service.
1.3 USER
‡‡
(a) New Approach directives do not lay down obligations for users.
(b) Community legislation concerning the health and safety of the workplace has an impact on the
maintenance and use of products covered by New Approach directives that are used at the workplace.
**
Placing on the market has only been defined in very few sentences.
††
S ee references in the directives relating to simple pressure vessels, construction products, machinery, personal protective
equipment, potentially explosive atmospheres, recreational craft, lifts , and pressure equipment. This may also become applicable
in sectors covered by other directives.

‡‡
As an exemption, according to the directive on pressure equipment, Member S tates may, under certain conditions, authorize in
their territory, the placing on the market, and the putting into service by users.
1 28
(c) Many products covered by New Approach directives are used at the workplace. Employers have
obligations regarding the use of work equipment in the workplace. An employer is considered any natural
or legal person who has an employment relationship with a worker (i. e. , any person employed by an
employer) and has responsibility for the undertaking and/or establishment.
(d) According to the directive concerning minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work
equipment by workers at work (2009/1 04/EC), the employer must take all measures necessary to ensure
that work equipment (e. g. , machinery and apparatus) is available to the workers suitable for the work
carried out, and may be used by the workers without impairment to their safety or health. The employer
may only obtain and/or use work equipment that complies with the provisions of the applicable directives,
or, if no other directive is applicable or is so only partially, the minimum requirements laid down in the
annex apply to the directive 8 9/65 5 /EEC. The employer must also take the necessary measures to ensure
that the work equipment is kept at such a level. Furthermore, the employer has an obligation to provide
information and training for workers as regards the use of work equipment.
(e) According to the directive concerning the minimum health and safety requirements for the use of
personal protective equipment by workers in the workplace (8 9/65 6/EEC), such equipment must comply
with the relevant Community provisions on design and manufacture with respect to safety and health (i. e. ,
the New Approach directive relating to personal protective equipment). Furthermore, the equipment must
be appropriate for the risk involved, correspond to existing conditions at the work place, take into account
ergonomic requirements and the worker’ s state of health, fit the wearer correctly, and be compatible where
more than one equipment must be used simultaneously. The employer is required, before choosing the
personal protective equipment, to assess that it satisfies the requirements.
1 29
APPENDIX I: SIMULTANEOUS APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES

(a) Essential Requirements set up by New Approach directives may overlap and/or complement each other,
depending on the risks related to the product in question.
(b) The placing on the market and putting into service can only take place when the product complies with
the provisions of all applicable directives, and when the conformity assessment has been carried out in
accordance with all applicable directives.
(c) Where the same product or risk is carried by two or more directives, the application of other directives
can sometimes be excluded, for instance following a risk analysis of the product.
(d) New approach directives cover a wide range of products and/or risks, which both overlap and
complement each other. As a result several directives may have to be taken into consideration for one
product, since the placing on the market and putting into service can only take place when the product
complies with all applicable provisions.
(e) Risks covered by the essential requirements of the directives concern different aspects that in many
cases complement each other (e. g. , the directive relating to machinery covers in particular mechanical
hazards, the directive relating to low voltage electrical hazards, and the directive relating to electromagnetic
compatibility, electromagnetic disturbance and immunity), which calls for a j oint application of the
directives. Accordingly, the product has to be designed and manufactured in accordance with all applicable
directives, as well as undergo the conformity assessment procedures according to all applicable directives,
unless otherwise provided for.
(f) Certain directives make a direct reference to require the application of other directives (e. g. , the
directives relating to machinery, and the directive relating to telecommunications terminal equipment to
the directive relating to low voltage equipment). Although such a reference has not been included in a
number of directives, the general principle of simultaneous application still applies where the essential
requirements of the directives are complementary to each other.
(g) The same product or risk can be covered by two or more directives. In such a case, the application of
other directives is often limited by excluding certain products from the field of application of the other
directives, or by giving preference to the more specified directive. This usually requires a risk analysis of
the product, or sometimes an analysis of the intended purpose of the product, which then determines the
applicable directive.
1 30
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All Rights Reserved

2 THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. 1 Main Concepts of New Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. 2 Terms Used in European Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 . 2. 3 Conformity Assessment (CA) Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 . 2. 5 Conformité Européene (CE) Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 . 2. 6 Essential S afety Requirements (ES R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 . 2. 8 Use of Non-Harmonized S tandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 . 3 S tructure of the PED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 S COPE (ARTICLES 1 , 2, AND 4 OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. 1 S cope (Article 1 -§ 1 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. 2 Types of Equipment Covered (Article 2 and Article 4 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. 3 PED Exclusions (Article 1 -§ 2 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5 CLAS S IFICATION OF PRES S URE EQUIPMENT (ARTICLE 4, ARTICLE 1 3 , ANNEX 1 , AND

ANNEX II OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

5 . 1 Level of Hazards in Pressure Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

5 . 2 S ound Engineering Practice (S EP) (Article 4-§ 3 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

5 . 3 Equipment in Categories I to IV (Article 4-§ 1 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

5 . 6 Piping (Article 4-§ 1 (c)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

5 . 7 S afety Accessories (Article 4-§ 1 (d), Annex ll-§ 2 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

5 . 8 Pressure Accessories (Article 4-§ 1 (d), Annex ll-§ 3 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

6 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT (CA) PROCEDURES (ARTICLE 1 4, ANNEX III OF THE PED)1 4

6. 3 Structure of the Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7

6. 4. 2 Module A: Internal Production Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8

6. 4. 4 Module B : EU Type Examination – Production Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9

Pressure Equipment Checks at Random Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6. 4. 7 Module D: Conformity to Type B ased on QA of the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6. 4. 8 Module D1 : Quality Assurance of the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6. 4. 9 Module E: Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment Quality Assurance . . . 22

6. 4. 1 0 Module E1 : Quality Assurance of Final Pressure Equipment Inspection and Testing23

6. 4. 1 1 Module F: Conformity to Type B ased on Pressure Equipment Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6. 4. 1 2 Module G: Conformity B ased on Unit Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. 4. 1 3 Module H: Conformity B ased on Full QA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. 4. 1 4 Module H1 : Conformity B ased on Full QA Plus Design Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6. 5 S ummary of Activities of Manufacturers and NB s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

7 ES S ENTIAL S AFETY REQUIREMENTS (ES R) (ARTICLES 4 AND 6, ANNEX I OF THE PED)

7. 2 General Discussion of ES R (Annex I of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7. 3 Hazard Analysis (Annex I of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

7. 3 . 1 Identify the Hazard Due to Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

8 MATERIALS (ARTICLE 1 5 , ANNEX I, S ection 4 OF THE PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

8 . 2 Materials that Comply with Harmonized Materials S tandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

8 . 3 European Approval of Pressure Equipment Materials (Article 1 5 of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

8.3. 2 General Requirements for Obtaining EAMs of Pressure Equipment Materials . . . . . . . . . 3 4

8 . 4 PMA (Annex I-§ 4. 2c of the PED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5