CONSTRUCTION

LABOR AND EQUIPMENT

ENGR. JYZEL CRIS B. FACTOR

ENGR. JYZEL CRIS B. FACTOR

 PRODUCTION RATE FOR CONSTRUCTION LABOR

• Defined as the number of units of

work produced by a person in a
specified time (hour or day).
• Labor-hours or labor-days required to
produce a specified number of units
of work
• Production rate should be realistic to
the extent of giving allowance for the
fact that a person usually will not
work 60min/hr.

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION RATE
FOR LABOR
• Performance of each laborer
• Project working/climatic condition
• Job supervision
• Complexities of operation
• Stage of construction
• Transfer and interruptions

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and
23.10m long. The reinforcing steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends,
maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart both ways. All laps will be
0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will
be stored in orderly stock piles according to length about 60m average distance
from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed on the ground and
concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

1.82 min

35kg per trip

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and 23.10m long. The reinforcing
steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends, maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart
both ways. All laps will be 0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will be stored in orderly stock
piles according to length about 60m average distance from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed
on the ground and concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

Solution:

Calculate the rebars parallel to the 17.45m side:

Length of side: 17.45 m

try 3-6m length rebar
3 x 6m 18.0 m
Less two laps 2x350mm 0.7 m
plus conc over 2x75mm 0.15
Net Length = 17.45 m

Therefore use 3-pcs 16mm x 6m reinforcing bars for each row along 17.45m side

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and 23.10m long. The reinforcing
steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends, maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart
both ways. All laps will be 0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will be stored in orderly stock
piles according to length about 60m average distance from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed
on the ground and concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

Solution:

Calculate number of rows along 17.45m side:

𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 23.10 − 2(.0.075)

= +1 = + 1 = 77.5 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟕𝟖 𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒔
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 0.3

Total number of 16mm x 6 rebar = 78 𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑥 3 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠/𝑟𝑜𝑤 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒑𝒄𝒔

Total rebar along the 17.45m side = 234 x 16mm x 6m rebar

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and 23.10m long. The reinforcing
steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends, maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart
both ways. All laps will be 0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will be stored in orderly stock
piles according to length about 60m average distance from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed
on the ground and concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

Solution:

Calculate the rebars parallel to the 23.10m side:

Length of side: 23.10m

try 4-6m length rebar
4 x 6m 24.0m
Less three laps 3 x 350mm 1.05m
plus conc over 2x75mm 0.15
Net Length = 23.10 m

Therefore use 4-pcs 16mm x 6m reinforcing bars for each column along 23.10m side

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and 23.10m long. The reinforcing
steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends, maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart
both ways. All laps will be 0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will be stored in orderly stock
piles according to length about 60m average distance from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed
on the ground and concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

Solution:

Calculate number of columns along 23.10m side:

𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 17.45 − 2(.0.075)

= +1 = + 1 = 58.6 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟓𝟗 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 0.3

Total number of 16mm x 6 rebar = 59 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑥 4 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠/𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

Total rebar along the 23.10m side = 236 x 16mm x 6m rebar

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Steel bars are to be used to reinforce a concrete slab on grade 17.45m wide and 23.10m long. The reinforcing
steel will be Grade 40, 16mm diameter, no bends, maximum length limited to 6m and spaced 0.30m apart
both ways. All laps will be 0.35m. Concrete spacer blocks not over 1m apart each way will be used to provide
concrete cover. The bars will be tied at each intersection by bar ties. The steel will be stored in orderly stock
piles according to length about 60m average distance from the center of the slab. The slab will be constructed
on the ground and concrete cover for structures in direct contact to the ground is 75mm.

Solution:

Total number of rebar required for the slab = 234 + 236 = 470 pcs

Total weight of rebars required for slab = 470 x 6m x 0.86 kg/m

= 2,707.30 kg or 2.71 tons

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• Equipment Sources
o Purchase – if extensive use of the equipment is required
o Rented – if equipment will be used on a limited amount of time
o Lease – renting with an option to purchase the equipment, applying a part
of the monthly rate to the purchase amount

• Equipment Cost
o Purchase Cost – it is the cost of owning and operating the unit
o Rental Cost – usually, it is the cost of equipment and operator only, does
not include FOL, mob/demob, etc., depends also on the agreement

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• Ownership Cost
o Ownership cost are cost that accumulates whether or not the equipment is
used.
o Includes : purchase cost, depreciation, taxes, insurance, interest and even
storage facilities

• Operating Cost
o Operating cost are the cost only accumulates while operating the unit.
o Includes : FOL (fuel, oil, lubricant), maintenance and repairs, even fees for
operator/s may be included depending on the agreement

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

OWNERSHIP COST
OWNERSHIP COST
OPERATING COST

•Fuel Consumption
•Gasoline : OF x 0.06 gal / (hp-hr)
•Diesel : OF x 0.04 gal / (hp-hr)

•Operating Factor
•OF = Time Factor x Engine Factor
 OPERATING COST

•Engine Oil / Lubricating Oil

•Varies with the size of the engine, capacity
of crankcase, condition of pistons and
number of hours between oil changes.
THANK YOU.
ENGR. JYZEL CRIS B. FACTOR

ENGR. JYZEL CRIS B. FACTOR