Cartografia Básica - Apostila - Geodesia

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 9

356789

88   8 888  




35! " 

#$%&'()*+(,-+.*/0.*+1,%)%&.,2+'&%)3,'&'+4&5-+%3+-+06&'+7%55+0&
+)2%.3&8%&-(35*.&%.&-&%)3,'&'%.%53&)4%09-%0&)4:)*.&)3+*).&-&+85+;*'+'%%&.+-2&
85+;*3+.*&0+<3%55%)35%=2+5+%0.&035+5%>2<*.+?@%))&A5%+)*55%8,<+5*'+'%)-%0&)+2+5%03%)'+
25B25*+4&5-+'+7%55+C D+)),03&(*03*-+-%03%<*8+'&.&--+2%+-%03&%E+53&85+4*+C
# -+*&52+53% '+)%;*'/0.*+))&A5% + 4&5-+ % 3+-+06& '+ 7%55+ ( A+)%+'+%-
<%;+03+-%03&)8%&'()*.&)CF&5&,35&<+'&(0%.%))G5*&)%.&06%.%5&3+-+06&'+7%55+%),+
85+0'%H+=2+5+)%2&'%55%25%)%03GI<+%--+2+)=%-,-+%).+<+'%)%J+'+C
K+A%I)%1,%+7%55+(,- 2<+0%3+'%4&5-++25&>*-+'+-%03%%)4(5*.+%)&A5%&1,+<
%>*)3%- *55%8,<+5*'+'%)'+),2%54:.*%'%4*0*'+2%<+)3%55+)=-+5%)=-&03+06+)='%25%))@%)%3.C
L)3+)*55%8,<+5*'+'%)3&2&85G4*.+)0M&5%25%)%03+- -+*)'&1,%,-+2%1,%0++)2%5%H+'+
),2%54:.*%=.&-2+5+'+) +& 3+-+06& '+ 7%55+CE&0)*'%5+0'&I)% & 5+*& '+ 7%55+ .&-
+25&>*-+'+-%03%NC2OPQ-=+-+*&5.&3+%- 3&50&'%RQ- ST&03%L;%5%)3U%+-+*&5
'%25%))M&2&5;&<3+'&)PPQ-SV&))+'+)T+5*+0+)U=+5%25%)%03+?M&'+7%55+.&-&,-8<&A&
'%N.-'%5+*&-&)35+1,%+;+5*+?M&%035%+)',+).&3+)5%25%)%03+5G+2%0+)W=1--=&,)%J+=&
<*-*3%'%2%5.%2?M&'&&<6&6,-+0&C
#*'(*+'+7%55+%)4(5*.+'+3+'+(2&.+'&)8%9-%35+)85%8&)=%-3&50&'%NWW#ECD
25*-%*5& 35+A+<6& .&- %-A+)+-%03& .*%03:4*.& 4&*+%>2%5*/0.*+ .<G))*.+'%L5+3B)3%0%)=
'%4*0*0'&+)25*-%*5+)'*-%0)@%).&06%.*'+)2+5++7%55+C#*0'+',5+03%&2%5:&'&85%8&=
#5*)3B3%<%)=+35+;()'&)%)3,'&))&A5%&)-&;*-%03&)'+7%55+=.&0.<,*,1,%'%;%5*+6+;%5,-
+.6+3+-%03&0&)2B<&)C
K&-%03%25B>*-&+&4*-'&)(.,<&XYZZ=ZK##E[L\7D['%-&0)35&,1,%+4&5-+
%)4(5*.+'+7%55+%5+5%+<-%03%*0+'%1,+'+2+5+%>2<*.+5&%1,*<:A5*&'+),2%54:.*%'&)&.%+0&)C
V&*+58,-%03+'&1,%)%0'&+7%55+,- 2<+0%3+'&3+'&'%-&;*-%03&'%5&3+?M&=+)4&5?+)
12
34567689
8
94945  5
 
7
4566 464 658
4  57 868 9
435
9646
 67 4
 7
 84 64687
 7

453 859
8

 5 45 574 853
8
4566557 8

5!
 6 456 76"
446 88
65 4
8

5! 9 64#8 
 56

6
3 49 
8
$663667  89 8
%
&'&%(%)%*+,-.+%
/ 4676"
446 64
6 5767
053617
55763  *+,-.+ 
8555366
 4694945676"
446
2
57
7
557 9
68 9
435
7 
75 7 864
88 9 86

94 67
8  83 5

8/885

8 466356 46665! 768 9


435
7
55763  68 9
435

 9 453676"
446 8
$668 9
435
7
55769
66886
44
84

/ 8 9
435
7 3
57
4

75 7 8 64
85  94 9456


I
JKL
M
NO
P
Q
LR
ZTK
T[
M\
N
QP
]
7
557 3  8
7 68 9
435

I
U
J
V
Q
K
L
K
W
M
X
N
O
P
Q
S
Q
L
L
R
S
TR
 59 
356 6 5 6 9 
356
I
J
KL
MN
O
P
Q
L
RS
TR
YLX
Q
SL 465635 6 6 7
6 754
7 76
465767
 9
49
753 646
6

I JKLMN
OPQLWR
Z LM
M
L W
^
M
LW  7 8 8 64
8
8
57 64569
867
85767

7 8


 83 85 5
876"
446
69 48
4

8
8544
 64

75845 7 8
3
57
 46 



668
8 4
83 5

8
6 76684
68 3
:5368#8  846
4689
4 469
8
7
94
889
83  664567 7
;<
/85553:3567 3
57
9646 69
6

6=64 4656

56 6
>

 76868 8
469
86"
44687 4
6 5>67688 4
3
57

=  3
57
544
 646754
7 76465767
7 
 7 8 8 64
8754
35 676
9646 3
4 76"
446
9 4 4 67 68 6 467 9
45
64
7 7 94
3586768
8
469
89 47 8
46
6536

7
557 
%
&'?%(%)%@A-BC,-.+%DE%@CF+G,-.+%
/ 768544
 645767
836 867689
6864569
8767
85767

44
84
7675845 57
7 8


 83 9 

876"
446 3
57
65766587
 467 76694 !567 7
6

8
469
6
!58H3567  5
 7
4 67 
44
84


12
3456789
8 84 8
8784468 4

6  
4 4 8
6 4  8  
48844  78846
6867
8  687    !"764
4
4 4
48
68
4 8
6 488
#74 
86 7 4 41$!%&4788
684 8
6  68
488
!
'
8 4 4 8
46874(
74
4  6888 4 4 8(487#68
6(

4(
(48#
6 74544
8674
7  4 6 4 474667 
488
4) 6( 4 4
468!
"
47 *4 8+46748686 4 47456789764
4  76
4 87 (
567 74!
, 66 88744
8 8
 7 4
47 88
4
-6 787 78
 6(

(48#
6 4 64 
86478+4674!
, 6(
#4667474
458 8(4
7 8
 464
8 68 7 4 8
878
446848
!
"46486786468./0468 68
14.2046848
1/42
4
44 846
468 68
448

44 65 4 4!
"
38 4 4
64 8
 4 88 46 667 74#7 7 4
4
4
84 5 07681
7
'
4

445 8
#7466678
4 8
87
38749:$%%!
; 44 4 764
4 4
4 8
786 46468 4

4
4 # 74

86 7 4 4992<84) 8468
,>?';@?3,3,A,BC>DEFC 8
#4
 741$< 6
848
4684 8
6 !
'

47 8744  749:9%%!%%%!%%%84
4
44 4

8
68
4 8
6 74= 764
4 
8
688
4
7 8
7474%15 8
64
4 54
 5434# 
(
78
874 6 !
,65 4 7634
8 8 4 864  78 6 4 
44 4  8
 4 8#48
784 
(
7 6  7 
874488
 84(6(4654!

12
3456789
6 4 569  
8 8   948665 54 
9 95 49
9869995 6 39556  98546 656
995 46 8 5 84 8
596 99789 65
9
6
95
9646959 598965 94 8499559859
5 94 9
94 84959 9999
9 95
 849599!695 
69"

94 959 964959#6959 8 48
89 4794! 8
$ %8 9 
"45 58
69"6
6
 495 596# 9 6
68 4
856#&98
59566 69 9546 94 849
' 94 849959 
# 6 5 !4 6789
4 6989566  566 6
4956
56 989549(  8 895 8)94 8499989549*+ 98 84446 
(8 94#&98 6 4
56 6 39556 8 989 468 9 4 495998  5 68
995 46 89
6 6 98
6 5 6,
7 94# 965 8685 79 84 86
8
95499559859-
7 94#&9866546# 6564696
5
95496846 8
9549-
4
6#
/9 46 7 94# 9 9
968 95
56#&986
/949
4 849 546
65-
7 94#  4 9  94! 9
2984 6
39546 5 6# 6395569 596# .8985968-
7 94#  6 56464 6
95598596 654598649865444648
868 94#&986 994459
/949 96995 46# 68
68
9549
9
4 946986999 94 849 9 566 6 .8
9549955985989069991 4
 6
 6

12
3456789
7 5
5 45
5955
569959 987
59
754 9876754895

595 54 9 9 
5 54 9 747874 75
9875 756585 

5 565
976
9545 75 45
5955
569955  777459
 
567
477
475! 77
5
979"5
 47 555 595 45
5955
56995
&klmlnopp3mo&k#p69
95q rs

356995
475!
5545 54 9 7
74777 74#57 7459
7

8
9 5 559 7 
7
8
44$ 89755 595
979 9
5%7547
&4567
779%


 4776 
 795'(569955%9 5 5
 
)
*
+,-.// 0121/ 1/ 3/ 4/ 52676819:
/ ,/
;<=>?@A<* BCBD* EFGEHIC* EFJJJKC* BLFBBMJ* NO=PQR>*
ST<A<UV* BCFD* EFGGIGE* EFJEDGJ* BLFDDMCD* WXYQ>MNZA?>*
N<UU<=* BCHB* EFGGKKG* EFJEDGK* BLIKKMBJ* SZA[\>*
]<XVA>=*<*
]^Q=<*
_QA`* BCHK* EFGGJEF* EFJEIJG* BLIKKMFI* aXP=>V<AA>*
]=>Ab<* BCEE* EFGCIDC* EFJEJCH* BLIKHMKC* cd_*
e>`f[AY* BKIH* EFGCFCC* EFJEKBI* BLIKGMD* gZXYQ>=*
hA>U[TUb`* BKHD* EFGCIHJ* EFJECEF* BLIKCMFD* ijUUQ>*

12
345689
89 8 9
8 8 89

   4

 
!" #
# 8 9
 8 8$$$
 8 % &
4'&(
4&( 4
((4



)*+,-,.,/012345,6/,785,97:/;<=1>/,.6/?7565,6/,@/</;AB1>5,:5;5,2,C5:/58/BD2,
E FGHIJFKLJHMG NO PGQLO J MOLOHIG NO RJQQO S HJFJTTUQKG VOQO NJTFQJWXYZO
LGLJHMOHJOLJHMJ[WKTOHNGOTHJFJTTKNONJTNJLOVJOLJHMG\
EO]LJHMGNJFGLVZJ^KNONJNGLGNJZGLOMJLUMKFGL]KMOTWJ_JTSNJTHJFJTTUQKGPOFJ`
LOaHKM]NJNGTWOZGQJTJ^VQJTTGTVGQ]LLGNJZGLOKTTKLVZJT\bTTKL[NJVJHNJHNGNGGcdJMKWGJ
OTKaHKPKFeHFKONJTTOTWOQKOfgJT[NJWJYTJFGHTKNJQOQOVGTTKcKZKNONJNO]MKZK_OfhGNJNKPJQJHMJT
T]VJQPiFKJTNJQJPJQXHFKO[j]JNJTFQJWOLONJj]ONOLJHMJOPGQLOJGMOLOHIGNORJQQOVOQOG
VQGVkTKMGj]JTJNJTMKHO\
bT]VJQPiFKJMJQQJTMQJSaJGLJMQKFOLJHMJLOKTFGLVZKFONOj]JGJZKVTkKNJ[VGQSL OT
WOQKOfgJTNGlJkKNJHhG]ZMQOVOTTOL OZa]LOTFJHMJHOTNJLJMQGT[WOQKOfgJTJTTOTj]JThG
VQOMKFOLJHMJHJaZKaJHFKUWJKTVOQOOLOKGQVOQMJNGTZJWOHMOLJHMGTJVOQOOmOQMGaQOPKO\
nGNJYTJTKLVZKPKFOQGVQGcZJLOOVQJTJHMONGJFGHTKNJQOQYTJMQXTNKPJQJHMJTPGQLOTNJ
QJVQJTJHMOQOPGQLOJMOLOHIGNORJQQOVOQONKPJQJHMJTVQGVkTKMGTo
YpLVZOHGMOHaJHMJ`T]VJQPiFKJMJQQJTMQJq
YpLOJTPJQOVJQPJKMONJQOKGOVQGVQKONGq
YpLJZKVTkKNJNJQJWGZ]fhGNJNKLJHTgJTJOFIOMOLJHMGONJj]ONGT\
rTTOTMQXTIKVkMJTJTJTMhGZKTMONOTJL GQNJL OTFJHNJHMJNJQJPKHOLJHMG[OTTKL ]L
JZKVTkKNJONJj]ONGQJVQJTJHMOLJZIGQOPGQLONORJQQONGj]J]LOJTPJQONJQOKGJj]KWOZJHMJ\
rTMhGMOLcSLGQNJHONGTJLGQNJLFQJTFJHMJNJNKPKF]ZNONJLOMJLUMKFO\bTPGQL]ZOfgJT
HJFJTTUQKOTVOQONJPKHKQVGTKfgJTqVOQOJTMOcJZJFJQOTQJZOfgJTJHMQJeHa]ZGTJNKTMeHFKOTTGcQJ]L
VZOHG[ThGL]KMGLOKTTKLVZJTNGj]JOTNJPKHKfgJTVOQO]LOT]VJQPiFKJF]QWONJ]LOJTPJQO[j]J
VGQT]OWJ_ThGLOKTTKLVZJTNGj]JOTPGQL]ZOfgJTJTMOcJZJFKNOTVOQO]LJZKVTkKNJ\
12

4565789
     
! "#$!%!$&' $!($%!)) #))&'*$# +!$$# %' &'# $!"$!)!,(#-. "/#,#01)(#
$!"$!)!,(#-.2,!,(#,(3'&*(4(*/"$#))&'*$)*'"/*5*%#-6!)7&!5#%*/*(#'($#8#/9 !
'#"!#'!,(0
:&"$#+!$$#"/#,#!;*(#"$8/!'# #!<*)(=,%*# !&' )*)(!'# !"$>!-.#
!/#8$#-. !&''#"#&/!;#,(#'!,(0
?' "/#,(#,@!,(!A)&"!$5B%*!%&$;#3(#/%'#5*@&$#')($#3(#,@!,(!!' C3!)(D
"$E<*'A)&"!$5B%*!,#;*F*,9#,-# !)(!",(0
:! !)!>#G)! '#"!#$& /!;#,(#$5!*-6!) 7&! !)(!>#'
"$E<*')#C3"!G)!#))&'*$7&!#+!$$#2&'"/#,3!)!7&!
) !$$) %'!(*) "$ !)(# 9*"E(!)! )*'"/*5*%#$#3)!>#'
)&5*%*!,(!'!,(! "!7&!,) "#$# 7&! "))#' *,5/&!,%*#$ ,
'#"!#'!,(!<!%&(#0
:!, # 9*"E(!)! >&)(*5*%##3 /!;#,(#'!,( "! )!$
/#,+#,@!,(! %#/%&/#%' #&(*/*F#-. #@!'!($*#"/#,#0C "/(#@!' ,#
"/#,(#"!)!$!<!%&(##"!/#)*'"/!)$!&-. #) *'!,)6!),#
)&"!$5B%*!"!/5#($ !!)%#/#%,)*!$#0
H"$8/!'#%!,($#/ ##$@&'!,(#-.2# !5*,*IJKLMNLOPQOPRPSTNIJKLMNLUVWXWSYNSINLMKL
QKSTKLZ[\LK]LRP^N\L_]NL̀KL̀WaWTPLMPLOPQOPRPSTNIJKLMNLbPOONLQǸSN\LMPLcKOaNL_]PLKRLPOOKRLNMVWSMKRL
!)(#$!"$!)!,(#-.,.(!,9#')*@,*5*%d,%*#,#D$!#'#"!##0e'!*#(#'!,(!*)(*'"/*%#3#(2
*,(&*(*;#'!,(!37&!#9*"E(!)!"/#,# !;#)!$%,5*,##A!/#8$#-. !'#"#) !"!7&!,#)
D$!#)0
f!&'#5$'#@!$#/3&(*/*F#G)!#9*"E(!)!"/#,#, !)!,;/;*'!,( !g#$(@$#5*#
%##)($#/3 !D$!#)&$8#,#)3"/#,(#)!&($#)5$'#) !$!"$!)!,(#-.3!'!)%#/#);#$*#, !
hijkk#(2hihk0kkk0
H/*'*(! !$!"$!)!,(#-."/#,#3)!'&($#)%,)*!$#-6!)2 !5*,*"$&'%B$%&/ !l
m' !$#*!'($, ",( !(#,@=,%*# "/#,0
C"!)#$ !,.)!$,!%!))D$*)!&!'"$!@3!<*)(!'(*") !"$>!-6!)%'&(*/*F#-.
!)"!%B5*%#,#9*"E(!)!"/#,#0
4565489n o  pq

12
3456789
99 59 55 9752222222279 69565 96984995
969765 5787 97 879 89 5
97 758569 99 45779
5955789 55 8947 567 679
97  7 6587589 569 85 949
699 69 67 9  47769697 9 7 5 !57 75599 7 "65 
#9 695 967
9 675$ 9
559 55  557 585
9% 6455 6&5785
69 99 45
' 6 87 95&587 5 9697(5!7)9565* 857 5578997
5 59 9959  7 655
95 579 557 *98999 965755 59589
57 585 969+222222, -9 655579 67789.222227 7 97 58/9
85*5
99 690 9795 6776  65
1995 969957 8957879747892- 99 965878925+3 
9 65$ 9$5 65875 599 96579 67789.2222227 97
' 69 7 56747 67 5 9$ 959 55 8589.2222227 77 *9
8999 9655!957 7 59 495
3578999 96577 5 969894879757699 69 879 65)9987
9547 57456 78789975785 97 98559#75785 977 557
9 8955796785566 898597599 965
' 69 7 95 *579 89:1225:12-3 7 6&587 7 5 969558947
57699 697 55&7*99 755 785!957 7 59 495

;<=<>?@?A?BCDEFGHG?IJCDHECKCLM?
3)*5 96979 897 79 498958565$ 9 9757198987
959 495'
5&78 679 655 94989949N5 5 5 5 9699 95859 9*565 967 9
595 967 O77 675877  5 949 569 565 96989 9*7*85
99 69
599 789 7 8*9 7 7 59 799 555556754589589 95 
O55599 7879*565 96789 5 5 9698969 585 598989
767 7)95 5 949
9 9*789577P8969 5/9 7 6979 
' 598989767 78969 587 895789 7 899 799 6989$ 9767855
975 99*565
O7 9 565 9 7 Q85 789 87  967R78987 989 9*7*85 97
79 7  7 5 67 Q!5 5/9 !56957R7 7895 9697 75 7
89 5669 897 75 967978 7 Q##SS91OSR
12
34546789
7 9
9

4
858
89 9
8854
898 
86788 95
8
4485894954 488958
8
8
89
 9
!
"
48
84#7548 
 48548958
8559
48#$9874
785# 88
58#85 44544%8554
8995494
785# 884 4549 7 9858 
9 7 9
89
 9!
"
4
785# 8954945954494
4
8
4 4
848489995 # 988
484$94

 99 45494
4
454
8  4
88
8 4
678
8498 8
8

84489
!"
4
8 999 848
4 4459&4482'(!)))!)))42'*!)))!)))!
+
8 8$9878 
845 7 45454745898949#49845,859
8
74445
88 9549
49
9-
8549
9678674 67859759!
.9 /54
 4 588 5 54  4 88 8
44 8
89 4
9-58 9 8 
8
0854 94 8142#958234(
8949588 995844
8
4-8 8 4
999547
865589+ 858!
+45589

4
9-
854$78
8 7 9
9

8489
 9-54
 859#9749454
98+593897+85 454793 98 
8858#85 489:8999547
8
4-8 8 999961;<+
59547=4
>854
!
?
?
?
?
?
?
@ABCDCEFGHIJKBLBJADMEANJFCEFIJANJKFKJOPEFDFK@IEPQRLBEF
NEPPEKNPE
F
GSTFUFKBKNEMDKFCEFLJJPCEADCDKFIVDADKF
3454
8885454 9 4 W4$987#8X89978749 955 4674 6785
9-584

785# 84%855488
8
858 98 854 7
8 889
-
 9
67898
858#9

9574
8574

 8
H989 95588 99 84548 8Y
"859
75-49
7

848 9 4 W4$9 99
99989"
49984
48989-4559984574Z8599598Z85994454899
7# 88
454 9 4 W457 95495874 48!8799
849546789954958 8 48

12

You might also like