Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cartografia Básica - Apostila - Geodesia
Cartografia Básica - Apostila - Geodesia
Cartografia Básica - Apostila - Geodesia
9453676"
446
8
$668
9
435
7
55769
66886
44
84
/ 8
9
435
73
57
4
75 78 64
85 949456
I
JKL
M
NO
P
Q
LR
ZTK
T[
M\
N
QP
]
7
557 3 8
7
68
9
435
I
U
J
V
Q
K
L
K
W
M
X
N
O
P
Q
S
Q
L
L
R
S
TR
59
356 6 5
6 9
356
I
J
KL
MN
O
P
Q
L
RS
TR
YLX
Q
SL 46563566 7
6 754
7 76
465767
9
49
753
646
6
I JKLMN
OPQLWR
Z LM
M
L W
^
M
LW 788
64
8
8
5764569
867
85767
78
8385
5
876"
446
6948
4
8
8544
64
75845
78
3
57
46
668
84
835
8
6
76684
683
:5368#8846
4689
4
469
8
7
94
889
83
6645677
;<
/85553:35673
57
964669
6
6=644656
56
6
>
768688
469
86"
446874
65>676884
3
57
=3
57
544
646754
776465767
7
788
64
8754
35676
96463
476"
446
94
467 68
64679
45
64
7
794
3586768
8
469
89478
46
6536
7
557
%
&'?%(%)%@A-BC,-.+%DE%@CF+G,-.+%
/768544
645767
836
867689
6864569
8767
85767
44
84
7675845
57
78
839
876"
4463
57
65766587
46776694!5677
6
8
469
6
!58H35675
7
467
44
84
12
3456789
8
848
87844684
6
448
648
4884478846
6867
8687!"764
4
44
48
68
48
6488
#74
867441$!%&4788
6848
668
488
!
'
8448
46874(
74
46888448(487#68
6(
4(
(48#
674544
8674
7464474667
488
4)6(44
468!
"
47
*48+46748686447456789764
4
76
4
87(
56774!
,66
88744
88
74
47
88
4
-678778
6(
(48#
6464
86478+4674!
,6(
#4667474
458
8(4
78
464
868748
878
446848
!
"46486786468./046868
14.2046848
1/42
4
44846
46868
448
446544!
"
38 4 4
64 8
4884666774#774
4
4
84 5 07681
7
'
4
4458
#7466678
48
87
38749:$%%!
;44 4764
4
4
4 8
786 46468 4
4
4 # 74
86744992<84)8468
,>?';@?3,3,A,BC>DEFC 8
#4
741$<6
848
46848
6!
'
47
8744749:9%%!%%%!%%%84
4
444
8
68
48
674=764
4
8
688
4
78
7474%158
64
454
5434#
(
78
8746!
,654 7634
8 8 4 86478 64
4448
48#48
784
(
767
874488
84(6(4654!
12
3456789
6 4
569
8
8
948665
54
99549
9869995 6 39556
98546 656
99546
85
84
8
596
99789
65
9
6
95
9646959598965
948499559859
594
9
9484959
9999
9
95
849599!695
69"
94959964959#6959
8
48
894794!
8
$ %8
9
"45
58
69"6
6
495596#
9 6
68 4
856#&98
59566
69
9546
94849
'
94849959
#
65
!46789
4
6989566 566
6
4956
56
989549(
8
895
8)948499989549*+
98
84446
(8 94#&98 6 4
56 6 39556 8
989
468 9 4
495998
568
99546
89
66
98
6
56,
794#
965
8685
79
84
86
8
95499559859-
794#&9866546#
6564696
5
95496846 8
9549-
4
6#
/9
46 794#
99
96895
56#&986
/949
4849 546
65-
794#
49
94!
9
2984
6
39546 5
6#
6395569596#
.8985968-
7 94#
6
56464
6
95598596654598649865444648
86894#&986 994459
/9499699546#
68
68
9549
9
4
946986999
948499
5666
.8
95499559859890699914
6
6
12
3456789
75
5
45
5955
569959987
59
754
9876754895
595 549
9
5
549747874
75
9875
756585
5565
976
954575
45
5955
569955777459
567
477
475!77
5
979"5
47555595
45
5955
56995
&klmlnopp3mo&k#p69
95q rs
356995
475!
5545
5497
74777
74#577459
7
8
95
559
7
7
8
44$89755595
9799
5%7547
&4567
779%
4776
795'(569955%9
5
5
)
*
+,-.// 0121/ 1/ 3/ 4/ 52676819:
/ ,/
;<=>?@A<* BCBD* EFGEHIC* EFJJJKC* BLFBBMJ* NO=PQR>*
ST<A<UV* BCFD* EFGGIGE* EFJEDGJ* BLFDDMCD* WXYQ>MNZA?>*
N<UU<=* BCHB* EFGGKKG* EFJEDGK* BLIKKMBJ* SZA[\>*
]<XVA>=*<*
]^Q=<*
_QA`* BCHK* EFGGJEF* EFJEIJG* BLIKKMFI* aXP=>V<AA>*
]=>Ab<* BCEE* EFGCIDC* EFJEJCH* BLIKHMKC* cd_*
e>`f[AY* BKIH* EFGCFCC* EFJEKBI* BLIKGMD* gZXYQ>=*
hA>U[TUb`* BKHD* EFGCIHJ* EFJECEF* BLIKCMFD* ijUUQ>*
12
345689
89 89
8 889
4
!"
#
# 89
88$$$
8 % &
4'&(
4&( 4
((4
)*+,-,.,/012345,6/,785,97:/;<=1>/,.6/?7565,6/,@/</;AB1>5,:5;5,2,C5:/58/BD2,
E FGHIJFKLJHMG NO PGQLO J MOLOHIG NO RJQQO S HJFJTTUQKG VOQO NJTFQJWXYZO
LGLJHMOHJOLJHMJ[WKTOHNGOTHJFJTTKNONJTNJLOVJOLJHMG\
EO]LJHMGNJFGLVZJ^KNONJNGLGNJZGLOMJLUMKFGL]KMOTWJ_JTSNJTHJFJTTUQKGPOFJ`
LOaHKM]NJNGTWOZGQJTJ^VQJTTGTVGQ]LLGNJZGLOKTTKLVZJT\bTTKL[NJVJHNJHNGNGGcdJMKWGJ
OTKaHKPKFeHFKONJTTOTWOQKOfgJT[NJWJYTJFGHTKNJQOQOVGTTKcKZKNONJNO]MKZK_OfhGNJNKPJQJHMJT
T]VJQPiFKJTNJQJPJQXHFKO[j]JNJTFQJWOLONJj]ONOLJHMJOPGQLOJGMOLOHIGNORJQQOVOQOG
VQGVkTKMGj]JTJNJTMKHO\
bT]VJQPiFKJMJQQJTMQJSaJGLJMQKFOLJHMJLOKTFGLVZKFONOj]JGJZKVTkKNJ[VGQSL OT
WOQKOfgJTNGlJkKNJHhG]ZMQOVOTTOL OZa]LOTFJHMJHOTNJLJMQGT[WOQKOfgJTJTTOTj]JThG
VQOMKFOLJHMJHJaZKaJHFKUWJKTVOQOOLOKGQVOQMJNGTZJWOHMOLJHMGTJVOQOOmOQMGaQOPKO\
nGNJYTJTKLVZKPKFOQGVQGcZJLOOVQJTJHMONGJFGHTKNJQOQYTJMQXTNKPJQJHMJTPGQLOTNJ
QJVQJTJHMOQOPGQLOJMOLOHIGNORJQQOVOQONKPJQJHMJTVQGVkTKMGTo
YpLVZOHGMOHaJHMJ`T]VJQPiFKJMJQQJTMQJq
YpLOJTPJQOVJQPJKMONJQOKGOVQGVQKONGq
YpLJZKVTkKNJNJQJWGZ]fhGNJNKLJHTgJTJOFIOMOLJHMGONJj]ONGT\
rTTOTMQXTIKVkMJTJTJTMhGZKTMONOTJL GQNJL OTFJHNJHMJNJQJPKHOLJHMG[OTTKL ]L
JZKVTkKNJONJj]ONGQJVQJTJHMOLJZIGQOPGQLONORJQQONGj]J]LOJTPJQONJQOKGJj]KWOZJHMJ\
rTMhGMOLcSLGQNJHONGTJLGQNJLFQJTFJHMJNJNKPKF]ZNONJLOMJLUMKFO\bTPGQL]ZOfgJT
HJFJTTUQKOTVOQONJPKHKQVGTKfgJTqVOQOJTMOcJZJFJQOTQJZOfgJTJHMQJeHa]ZGTJNKTMeHFKOTTGcQJ]L
VZOHG[ThGL]KMGLOKTTKLVZJTNGj]JOTNJPKHKfgJTVOQO]LOT]VJQPiFKJF]QWONJ]LOJTPJQO[j]J
VGQT]OWJ_ThGLOKTTKLVZJTNGj]JOTPGQL]ZOfgJTJTMOcJZJFKNOTVOQO]LJZKVTkKNJ\
12
4565789
! "#$!%!$&' $!($%!)) #))&'*$# +!$$# %' &'# $!"$!)!,(#-. "/#,#01)(#
$!"$!)!,(#-.2,!,(#,(3'&*(4(*/"$#))&'*$)*'"/*5*%#-6!)7&!5#%*/*(#'($#8#/9 !
'#"!#'!,(0
:&"$#+!$$#"/#,#!;*(#"$8/!'# #!<*)(=,%*# !&' )*)(!'# !"$>!-.#
!/#8$#-. !&''#"#&/!;#,(#'!,(0
?' "/#,(#,@!,(!A)&"!$5B%*!%&$;#3(#/%'#5*@&$#')($#3(#,@!,(!!' C3!)(D
"$E<*'A)&"!$5B%*!,#;*F*,9#,-# !)(!",(0
:! !)!>#G)! '#"!#$& /!;#,(#$5!*-6!) 7&! !)(!>#'
"$E<*')#C3"!G)!#))&'*$7&!#+!$$#2&'"/#,3!)!7&!
) !$$) %'!(*) "$ !)(# 9*"E(!)! )*'"/*5*%#$#3)!>#'
)&5*%*!,(!'!,(! "!7&!,) "#$# 7&! "))#' *,5/&!,%*#$ ,
'#"!#'!,(!<!%&(#0
:!, # 9*"E(!)! >&)(*5*%##3 /!;#,(#'!,( "! )!$
/#,+#,@!,(! %#/%&/#%' #&(*/*F#-. #@!'!($*#"/#,#0C "/(#@!' ,#
"/#,(#"!)!$!<!%&(##"!/#)*'"/!)$!&-. #) *'!,)6!),#
)&"!$5B%*!"!/5#($ !!)%#/#%,)*!$#0
H"$8/!'#%!,($#/ ##$@&'!,(#-.2# !5*,*IJKLMNLOPQOPRPSTNIJKLMNLUVWXWSYNSINLMKL
QKSTKLZ[\LK]LRP^N\L_]NL̀KL̀WaWTPLMPLOPQOPRPSTNIJKLMNLbPOONLQǸSN\LMPLcKOaNL_]PLKRLPOOKRLNMVWSMKRL
!)(#$!"$!)!,(#-.,.(!,9#')*@,*5*%d,%*#,#D$!#'#"!##0e'!*#(#'!,(!*)(*'"/*%#3#(2
*,(&*(*;#'!,(!37&!#9*"E(!)!"/#,# !;#)!$%,5*,##A!/#8$#-. !'#"#) !"!7&!,#)
D$!#)0
f!&'#5$'#@!$#/3&(*/*F#G)!#9*"E(!)!"/#,#, !)!,;/;*'!,( !g#$(@$#5*#
%##)($#/3 !D$!#)&$8#,#)3"/#,(#)!&($#)5$'#) !$!"$!)!,(#-.3!'!)%#/#);#$*#, !
hijkk#(2hihk0kkk0
H/*'*(! !$!"$!)!,(#-."/#,#3)!'&($#)%,)*!$#-6!)2 !5*,*"$&'%B$%&/ !l
m' !$#*!'($, ",( !(#,@=,%*# "/#,0
C"!)#$ !,.)!$,!%!))D$*)!&!'"$!@3!<*)(!'(*") !"$>!-6!)%'&(*/*F#-.
!)"!%B5*%#,#9*"E(!)!"/#,#0
4565489no
pq
12
3456789
9959
55
9752222222279
6956596984995
9697655787
97
879
895
97
758569
99
45779
595578955
8947567679
97
7
6587589
569
85
949
699
69
679
477696979
75
!57755997
"65
#9
695
967
9
675$
9
559
55557585
9%
64556&5785
69
99
45
'
687
95&587
59697(5!7)9565*
8575578997
559
9959
7
655
95579
557
*98999
96575559589
57585969+222222,-9
65557967789.2222277
97
58/9
85*5
99
69097956776
65
1995969957
8957879747892-99
965878925+3
9
65$
9$565875599
9657967789.222222797
'697
56747
67
5
9$
959
558589.222222777
*9
8999
9655!957759
495
3578999
965775969894879757699
69879
65)9987
954757456 78789975785
9798559#75785
977557
9
8955796785566898597599
965
'697
95
*579
89:1225:12-3
76&587
75969558947
57699
69755&7*99
755
785!957759
495
;<=<>?@?A?BCDEFGHG?IJCDHECKCLM?
3)*596979
89779
498958565$
99757198987
959
495'
5&78
679
655
94989949N55
559699958599*565967
9
595967
O77675877
5
94956956596989
9*7*85
9969
5997897
8*9
7
759
799
555556754589589
95
O555997879*565967895
59698969585598989
767
7)95
5
949
9
9*789577P89695/9
7
6979
'
598989767
78969587
8957897899
799
6989$
9767855
975
99*565
O7
9 565 9
7 Q85 789 87 967R78987
989
9*7*85 97
79
7
7
567
Q!55/9
!56957R778959697757
89
5669
897
75967978
7
Q##SS91OSR
12
34546789
7
9
9
4
858
89
9
8854
898
86788
95
8
4485894954488958
8
8
89
9
!
"
48
84#7548
48548958
8559
48#$9874
785#88
58#8544544%8554
8995494
785#884
4549
7
9858
9
7
9
89
9!
"
4
785#8954945954494
4
8
4
4
848489995#988
484$94
99 45494
4
454
84
88
84
678
8498 8
8
84489
!"
4
8999
848
4
4459&4482'(!)))!)))42'*!)))!)))!
+
8
8$9878
8457
45454745898949#49845,859
8
74445
88
9549
49
9-
8549
9678674
67859759!
.9 /54
4 588 554 4
88 8
44 8
89
4
9-58 9 8
8
085494
8142#958234(
8949588995844
8
4-8
84
999547
865589+
858!
+45589
4
9-
854$78
8
7
9
9
8489
9-54
859#9749454
98+593897+85454793 98
8858#85489:8999547
8
4-8
8999961;<+
59547=4
>854
!
?
?
?
?
?
?
@ABCDCEFGHIJKBLBJADMEANJFCEFIJANJKFKJOPEFDFK@IEPQRLBEF
NEPPEKNPE
F
GSTFUFKBKNEMDKFCEFLJJPCEADCDKFIVDADKF
3454
8885454
94
W4$987#8X899787499554674
6785
9-584
785#84%855488
8
85898854
7
8
889
-
9
67898
858#9
9574
8574
8
H989955889984548
8Y
"859
75-49
7
848
94
W4$999
99989"
49984
48989-4559984574Z8599598Z85994454899
7#88
454
94
W457 9549587448!8799
849546789954958 8
48
12