CSAT CAPSTONE PROJECT

The Effectiveness of Fitness Bike as an Alternative Source of Power

A Capstone Project
on Work Immersion

Presented to the Faculty

of the Claveria School of Arts and Trades
Senior High School Department
Claveria, Cagayan

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Academic Track-
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Strand

by:

Manaday, Mikel Jann

Rarangol, Kristine Joy

Gapusan, Mika Clarina

Pascua, John Paulo

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Today, with the heavy use of automobiles combined with the burning of fossil

fuels, increasing problems are affecting human health and climate change because of air

pollution. Pedal power energy has been in use since the nineteenth century. Aside from

transportation, pedal power energy can be applied to a tremendous variety of jobs that

contribute to less pollution and conserve energy in the home.

Arndt (2014) modified mix single rate/altered rigging bicycle that functioned

admirably, because of its capacity to hold a cog on either side of the back wheel. The

chain on the right is driven by the pedals, while an included chain the left twists the

engine. As an afterthought that is driven by the pedals, she utilized a freewheel, which

turns the wheel when she's accelerating yet permits it to continue turning forward,

without the chain moving, when she's drifting or accelerating in reverse. On the left half

of the wheel, she connected an altered machine gear-piece, which turns toward the

chain the length of the wheel is turning.

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Riding a stationary exercise bike is a great method to burn calories and body fat

while also improving your heart, lungs, and muscles. A stationary bicycle, when

compared to other forms of cardio equipment, places less strain on your joints while

still providing a fantastic cardiovascular exercise. Cycling is a low-impact aerobic

activity that can improve one's health and fitness. It is a beneficial exercise that many

individuals may adopt into their everyday life as a form of transportation, a recreational

pastime, or a competitive sport.

There are about 20 million Filipinos who experience energy poverty, with no

means to access electricity or afford to power their homes. Through Liter of Light, the

foundation can address the simplest need to have lights in their homes and on the streets

to address the bigger issues of security, social protection, and education (Villanueva,

2016).

The researchers have conducted this experimental project for them to determine

the effectiveness of fitness bike as alternative source of power. The researchers will

also determine the factors and elements that enables this bicycle to function as source of

power.

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Statement of the Problem

The study aims to prove the effectiveness of fitness bike as an alternative source

of power. Specifically, the following questions will be answered:

1. What is the level of effectiveness of fitness bike as alternative source of power

in terms of:

a. durability

b. consumed voltage

c. time (mins) pedaling

d. type of equipment used

2. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of respondents, time of

pedal and consumed voltage using the fitness bike as alternative source of

power?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the time of pedal and consumed

voltage to the type of equipment used?

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Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Profile of the respondents Effectiveness of fitness

bike as an alternative
age source of power
sex
weight
Fitness bike as an alternative
source of power.
durability
consumed voltage
time (mins) pedaling
type of equipment used

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the independent and dependent variable of the study. The

independent variables are the (1) profile of the respondents and (2) the durability,

consumed voltage, time of pedaling and type of equipment used. The dependent

variable is the effectiveness of fitness bike as an alternative source of power.

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Research Hypothesis

 There is no significant relationship between the profile of respondents, time

of pedal and consumed voltage using the fitness bike as an alternative source

of power.

 There is no significant relationship between the time of pedal and consumed

voltage to the type of equipment used.

Significance of the Study

This study will be most beneficial to the following:

Individual: Find much cheaper and can save money on paying electric charges

monthly as well as being physically fit.

Stakeholders: This study will benefit the stakeholders because it will provide a

product with inexpensive production costs.

Environment: This study provides a zero-carbon source of electricity.

Meaning, it won’t emit harmful gases that can be the leading cause of air pollution.

Future Researchers. It also benefits other researchers by awakening their

curiosity. This study might be used in the future as a basis to a new and improved

study.

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Scope and Delimitation

The study aims to produce electricity for small home appliances convenient for

household usage through the use of human power.

This experimental research was conducted at Manaday’s residence at

Centro 1, Claveria, Cagayan. The testing process will be observed and conducted in

April within a week.

However, the power that it can produce is limited. Some appliances that use

more electricity can’t power up by this machine.

Definition of Terms

Battery - a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is

converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

Bicycle - a vehicle composed of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other,

propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars attached to the front wheel.

Crank - an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which circular motion is

imparted to or received from the shaft.

Diode - a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of

current in one direction only.

Inverter - an apparatus which converts direct current into alternating current.

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Metabolism- the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.

Miniscule - extremely small in size or amount.

Motor - a machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that

supplies motive power for a vehicle or for some other device with moving parts.

Oxidized - combine or become combined chemically with oxygen.

Pedal - each of a pair of foot-operated levers used for powering a bicycle or other

vehicle propelled by the legs.

Perspiration- the process of sweating.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the studies and literature that were used to support the

research. The study's goal is to investigate the effectiveness of fitness bike as an

alternative source of power.

Review of Related Literature

History of Bicycle

According to Andrews (2021), A German baron named Karl von Drais made the

first major development when he created a steerable, two-wheeled contraption in 1817.

Known by many names, including the “velocipede,” “hobby-horse,” “draisine” and

“running machine,” this early invention has made Drais widely acknowledged as the

father of the bicycle.

Another study from Gliemann (2017) stated that the bicycle experienced a small

boom at the end of the 1960s, when the banana bike and the fold-up bike were

launched. Still, the focus remained on motorized transport and car-centric cities were

the primary concern. This situation didn’t change until during the oil crisis in the 1970s.

Ecological awareness developed, and the bicycle began slowly to become important

again, especially in an urban context. As a result of the rise of mountain biking in the

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1980s and the emerging fitness movement, the interest in bicycle use continued to

grow.

Pedal Power Generation Using Bicycle

Power can be also generated from the rotation of the wheels of alternator

vehicles like bikes and cars, where there is a possibility of generating more power. The

generated power can be either used in the same vehicle or can be stored in a battery for

powering some other devices. Riding bicycle helps in maintaining a good physics and

along with-it power can be also generated (Megalingam, 2012).

We know that the law on conservation of energy states that, energy cannot be

created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. According to

Katoch (2012), humans can generate approximately 150W of power while riding

bicycle. If we can make use of this energy, we would be able to power many electronic

devices. Nowadays, we know that many of people who go to the gym uses stationary

bike as a means for losing weight. Also, there are quite several people here in the

Philippines that uses bicycle as a mode of transportation. That's why generating power

from the energy we release can make quite a difference to the world instead of

continuing wasting our limited resources.

Converting Perspiration into Watts

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Studies made on fat metabolism and exercise show that during prolonged light

to moderate exercise, there is a progressive increase in the absolute amount of fat

oxidized. This means that more energy from fat is released by the body. The studies

also showed that total fat combustion is at a maximum during moderately intense

exercise and becomes nil during very heavy exercise. (Valdez, 2006).

A study by Gulland (2008) have pointed out that for many people the idea of

pedaling to produce electricity or perform other work has a lot of appeal. In North

America, though, we use so much cheap electricity that the output from pedal power

seems miniscule by comparison. According to the Energy Information Administration,

the average American household (2.4 people) goes through about 30 kilowatt-hours per

day, which is 300 times more electricity than a reasonably fit person pedaling a good

power bike can produce in an hour. That’s enough to cause anyone’s enthusiasm to

waver.

Review of Related Studies

Pedal Powered Washing Machine

Fajobi et. al. (2020) stated that the human powered pedal washing machine was

created with materials that are appropriate for its intended use. The pedal was taken

from an existing bicycle, while other pieces of the machine, such as the drum and the

frame, were made of galvanized steel.

Pedal Powered Washing Machine (PPWM) is a low-cost washing machine

created using conveniently accessible junk materials in everyday life. It is a machine

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that creates power by human pedaling and translates the pedaling action into the needed

rotating motion of the drum via the driving mechanism. Its invention is based on its

basic design, use of inexpensive parts, very low repairing and maintenance costs,

affordability to all members of society, and lack of environmental impact (Ranjan,

2014).

Pedal Powered Water Pump

Maya Pedal has designed both a stationary and smaller mobile form of bicycle-

powered water pumps. The stationary version can access water from wells and

boreholes up to 30 meters deep, 18 meters deeper than electric pumps and is capable of

pumping water at 5-10 gallons per minute making it useful for communities or homes

(Barney, 2014).

According to Adekunle et. al. (2019), a pedal powered centrifugal water pump

(PPCWP) system was developed for use in underdeveloped countries where electricity

is not available for energizing a mechanical system to cause useable drives.

Treadle Sewing Machine

Mayrich (2021) stated that a treadle sewing machine is a mechanical type of

sewing machine. You will operate it via the foot pedal that you’ll push back and forth.

Because it needs manual intervention to work and it lacks other features such as stitch

modification, most people prefer electric sewing machines, and treadle sewing

machines themselves are hard to find besides in garage sales or antique shops.

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Generally, all you need is a treadle belt. The mechanics are out in the open and

easy to access. Unlike, say, a mechanical typewriter, which truly has outlived its

usefulness as a method of writing, a treadle sewing machine still stitches just as

accurately, if more slowly, than a modern machine (Lappin, 2018)

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Subject and Participants

This study’s participants are the researchers themselves and chosen students at

the Claveria School of Arts and Trades with a total of 30 participants.

Material of the Project

The materials and equipment that were used in the study are as follows:

1. Bicycle

2. Bike Stand

3. Belt

4. Car Alternator

5. Diode

6. Battery

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7. Power Inverter

8. Small Appliances

General Procedures

In the preparation of the materials needed in the conduct of the experimental

research, the following procedures will be performed:

1. Gather all materials.

2. Obtain a Bicycle and remove the back tire.

3. Build a stand to elevate the bicycle off the ground.

4. Attach the drive belt along the back rim.

5. Attach the car alternator to the stand.

6. Place a diode in series with the car alternator and battery.

7. Connect battery to the diode.

8. Connect the battery leads to the inverter.

9. Plug the Appliances of your choice into the inverter.

Cost analysis

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The materials and equipment required, as well as their costs, are mentioned in

the table below.

Materials Description Cost

Diode ₱ 25.00

Palm Belt ₱ 435.00

Power Inverter 12V DC- 230V AC ₱ 1,500.00

Battery Champion NS60 ₱ 2,500.00

Bike Stand ₱ 2,750.00

Blitz Alternator Assembly Toyota Revo 1.8 / 7KE /

Car Alternator 1RZE 2.0 W/Pump 12V/80A 5 Grove Pulley IC ₱ 3,500.00

TYPE

Total ₱ 10,710.00

Time and Locale

This experimental research was conducted in April. In the meantime, the

observation for the effectiveness was conducted Manaday’s residence at Centro 1,

Claveria, Cagayan.

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Research Design

The research utilizes an experimental research design since it is most suited to

answering the investigation's questions and objectives. According to Purcel et. al.

(2021), experimental research, also called experimentation, is research conducted using a

scientific approach using two or more variables.

Research Instruments

The researchers tested the effectiveness of fitness bike as alternative source of

power by using an observation sheet below.

Demographic Frequency Percentage

Profile
Characteristics (N=30) (100%)

Male
Sex
Female

13-15 years old

Age 16-18 years old

Above 18 years old

41-50 kg

Weight 51-60 kg

Above 60 kg

Table 1. Profile of respondents.

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# Time (mins) of
Weight (kg) Voltage Generated
pedaling

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Table 2. Voltage generated with respect to the respondents’ weight and time of

pedaling.

# Weight (kg) Capacity (can carry or cannot carry)

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Table 3. Durability of cyclo- electric bike.

Statements Not Highly

Recommended Recommended

1. The bicycle charges the battery.

2. The bicycle accommodates the target

time of pedaling and the weight of the

respondents.

3. The bicycle is accurate in gathering

voltage.

Table 4. Checklist

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Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher originally came up with the notion of developing an alternative

to standard power sources. After that, the researchers secured letters from the school

principal to assure the participants safety, security and the confidentiality of the

information gathered. The researchers will identify the 30 participants by their sex and

age. After accomplishing the prototype, the researchers conducted an observation on

the four different performances such as weight, time (mins) of pedaling, voltage

generated, and the durability of the Cyclo-electric Bike.

Statistical Treatment

To begin, the frequency and proportion of participants will be decided

based on their sex, age, and weight. After acquiring all the data, Pearson Correlation,

also known as Pearson Product Moment Correlation, will be used to evaluate and

interpret it. This test statistic helps the researchers for determining the statistical

connection between two continuous variables and of how strongly they are connected.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adekunle, R. et. al. (2019). Development of a Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump for

Rural Use. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340629473_Development_of_a_Pedal_Power

ed_Centrifugal_Pump_for_Rural_Use

Arndt, R. (2014). Pedal power! How to build a bike generator. Retrieved April 5, 2022,

from https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/how-to/a10245/pedal-

power-how-to-build-a-bike-generator-16627209/

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Barney, C. (2014). PEDAL POWER: MAYA PEDAL’S BIKE POWERED WATER

PUMP. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from https://borgenproject.org/pedal-power-maya-

pedals-bike-powered-water-pump/

Fajobi, M. A. et. al. (2020). Development of a Human Powered Pedal Washing

MACHINE. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/811/1/012035/pdf

Gulland, J. (2008). Make Electricity While You Exercise. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from

https://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/pedal-powered-generators-

zmaz08onzgoe

Katoch, R. & Megalingam, R. K. (2012). Pedal Power Generation. Retrieved April 5,

2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259980152_Pedal_Power_Generation#:~:text

=Power%20generated%20by%20pedaling%20can,mobiles%2C%20iPods%2C

%20laptops%20etc.

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Lappin, P. (2018). The Joy of Sewing with a Treadle Sewing Machine. Retrieved April

6, 2022, from https://www.threadsmagazine.com/2018/10/18/the-joy-of-sewing-with-a-

treadle-sewing-machine

Mayrich, S. (2021). What Is A Treadle Sewing Machine: How To Use And More.

Retrieved April 6, 2022, from https://krostrade.com/blog/what-is-a-treadle-sewing-

machine/

Purcel, B. et. al. (2021). What is Experimental Research? Retrieved April 5 ,2022, from

https://www.voxco.com/blog/experimental-research/

Ranjan, A. et. al. (2014). Pedal Powered Washing Machine (PPWM). Retrieved April

6, 2022, from http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/nov2014/Pedal-Powered-Washing-

Machine-ppwm.pdf

Valdez, B. et.al. (2006). Physics (2nd ed.). SIBS Publishing House, Inc. Mandaluyong

City, Philippines

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