Engineering Graphics

Lecture # 02

Introduction
National Institute of Technology Durgapur
 ENGINEERING DRAWING

Graphical means of expression of

technical details without the
barrier of a language.

Universal language for Engineers

 Books

1. N D Bhatt and V M Panchal, Engineering Drawing,

43rd edition, Charator Publishing House, 2001

K Venugpoal, Engineering Drawing and Graphics,

3nd edition, New Age International, 1998.
Sl. No. Item Quantity
1 Mini-drafter (or T-Square) 1
2 Drawing Board 1
3 French curves 1 set
4 Set-square 1 set
5 Protractor 1
6 Drawing Clip 1 set
7 Pencil (HB, H & 2H) 1 each set
8 Eraser 1
9 Pencil sharpener 1
10 Drawing Sheet 1 per session

Students without Engineering Drawing Box/tool will not

be allowed to attend the practical session.
 Drawing Board
It is rectangular in shape.

Made of wood

It is used to place the drawing paper

 Dimensions Drawing Boards

Designation Length x Width Recommended for

(mm) use with sheet
sizes
D0 1500 x 1000 A0
D1 1000 x 700 A1
D2 700 x 500 A2
D3 500 x 500 A3
D0 and D1 for drawing offices, for students use D2
 Drawing sheet, Pins/Clips
Size of the paper is smaller than drawing board

To hold drawing papers, use pin, clips or adhesive tape

1 sheet per sessional session

Standard sizes of drawing sheets as per BIS

Designation Size
(mm)
A0 841 x 1189
A1 594 x 841
A2 420 x 594
A3 297 x 420
A4 210 x 297
Pencils
~ B stands for Black, and it shows softness.

~ H stands for Hard, and it shows hardness (6H).

~ HB stands for Hard Black, and it shows medium-hard (last is

8B)
The HB pencil is a soft grade used for drawing thick lines,
borderlines, lettering and arrowheads.

The H pencil is used to draw finishing lines, visible lines and hidden
lines.

The 2H pencil is a hard grade pencil used for drawing construction

lines, dimension lines, centre lines and section lines
 Mini-drafter
Its one end is clamped by mean of a screw towards the edge of the
drawing board.

The other end is adjustable

It has a scale which is at 90 degree

Also has a protractor which can be rotated at certain angle

Set-square
Set squares are triangular in shape with one of the angle as right angle

Set squares can also be used to draw perpendicular lines, angles, and
complete shapes, such as squares, rectangles, and triangles
Used to draw circle of specific radius
and an arc at a specific distance
French curve are made of various shape
Use for drawing curve which cannot be drawn with a compass
Draw curve like ellipse, parabola

French Curves
Drawing sheet Layout
Title Block

180
TYPES OF LINES
LINES
Lines are like alphabet of drawing language.

In the top and front view of image below, different type of lines

Each line has a specific meaning and function

 LINES
Lines different from each other into aspect
a) Based on thickness or weight (thick, medium and thin line)

Thick Medium Thin

Suppose thin line is 0.1 mm thick, then medium line =1.5 x0.1, thick = 3x0.1
b) Based on Construction
Continuous right from start to end no break, opposite of dashed line

Continuous Dashed
 Continuous thick line

Continuous thick
line: Outline and
edges
In this diagram the purpose of projection line is to transfer the projection
of all the point from front view which will help us to draw the top view

Projection Lines
Continuous thin line for Extension line and dimension line

Dimension Line
Continuous thin line in leader Line : A leader line consist of inclined
line, with an arrow head at one end which point towards an entity in a
drawing
Continuous thin line in Sectioning :

Continuous thin Line

Dashed thin Line: Construction is dashed and its weight is thin

Used to represent hidden portion of an object

In other word, if dashed thin line is used in the drawing, it indicates that
particular portion of drawing is not visible from that view
Chained thin Line: Construction is chained and its weight is thin

The axis of both the hole or center line are drawn as chained thin line.

These line are used to indicated axis of symmetrical part

Chained thin, thick at end Line: Construction is chained and its weight is
thin but thick at end
DIMENSIONING
Dimensioning
Refers to the act of giving dimensions..
1mm gap
Extension line

Closed filled arrow of 3:1

Dimension Line
80

At least 10 mm gap

Should not be more than 3 to 4 mm

Spacing of Dimensions
Closed filled Arrow Head
Closed filled Arrow Head
 Leader
It is used to convey information about the particular entity of the drawing.

Draw a continuous thin line approximately 45 degree angle and draw a tail
horizontal line

On the tail provide the information

A circle should be dimensioned by giving its diameter instead of radius
The dimension indicating a diameter should always be preceded by the symbol ø
Three methods
1st: Dimension line is not extended. Placed closed arrow
head
2nd : Dimension extended only on one side
3rd : used leader and dimension line
 Dimensioning Radii

Arcs of Circle Precede with R to distinguish from length

GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
Construct a polygon given a length of its side

Let the number of sides be seven ( heptagon)

Draw a line AB equal to the given length
With Center A and radius AB, draw a semi circle PAB
With the divider divide the circle into seven equal part same as the
number of side
Draw a line Joining A with a second division Point
Inscribed Circle Method

Draw perpendicular bisector of A2 and AB intersecting at O

With Center O and radius OA describe the circle
With Center O and radius OA describe the circle
With radius AB and starting from B cut the circle
With radius AB and starting from B cut the circle at C, D, E, F , 2
With radius AB and starting from B cut the circle at C, D, E, F , 2